JP6169765B1 - Forging method and forging die set - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided is a forging method for reducing the risk of die damage by suppressing the concentration of a load in a specific direction at a specific position of a mold when the front surface of the forging material is formed into a predetermined protruding shape. To do. A forging method in which a plastic flow is generated by applying a load to a forging material, and a front surface of the forging material is formed into a predetermined protruding shape, and a central recess having a recessed portion corresponding to a protruding top portion of the protruding shape. 21, corresponding to the central concave portion 21, the convex portion 22, and the peripheral concave portion 23 by using the preliminary mold 2 having the convex portion 22 around the central concave portion 21 and the peripheral concave portion 23 around the convex portion 22. By using a preforming step for forming the central convex portion 81, the concave portion 82, and the peripheral convex portion 83 on the front surface of the forging material, and the finishing mold 4 having a predetermined concave shape corresponding to the predetermined protruding shape. And a finish forming step of forming the front surface of the forging material into a predetermined protruding shape with the portion 83 recessed from the recess 82. [Selection] Figure 4

Description

  The present invention relates to a forging method for forming a front surface of a forging material into a predetermined protruding shape, and a forging die set used for the forging method.

  A forging method is known in which a plastic flow is generated in a forging material by applying a load to form a predetermined shape. For example, the manufacturing method of the shaft for a sensor of Patent Document 1 includes a drawing die having a first material hole and a drawing hole connected to the first material hole, and a second material hole having a ridge formed inward. A stepped round bar is forged using a die and a punch with a modified cross-section at the tip. According to this manufacturing method, the small-diameter cylindrical portion on the front side of the stepped round bar is placed in the throttle hole and formed into a protruding small-diameter portion. In addition, the large-diameter cylindrical portion on the rear side of the stepped round bar has an axial groove formed on the outer side and an odd shaped blind hole formed on the inner side. As a result, the sensor shaft can be mass-produced at a low cost.

  In addition to Patent Document 1, in a general forging method, molding is performed using a mold corresponding to the product shape. At this time, if the required load is large, the internal stress of the mold becomes large and the mold is easily damaged, and the life of the mold is shortened. In particular, in the projecting shape as exemplified in Patent Document 1, a large load is required, so that the mold is easily damaged. For this reason, when the load becomes excessive or when it is difficult to form to the final shape by one forging, a technique for finishing to the final shape by a plurality of forging processes using a plurality of sets of dies is widespread.

JP 2003-31364 A

  By the way, in patent document 1, in order to install the small diameter cylindrical part of the front side of a stepped round bar in an aperture hole, it is necessary to apply a big load from the back of a stepped round bar. For this reason, the required forging equipment is enlarged and the initial cost is increased. In addition, since the load concentrates in the direction of expanding the entrance of the aperture hole, the aperture die tends to break due to a large internal stress, and its life is shortened. Therefore, the running cost required for the mold is increased.

  The present invention has been made in view of the problems of the background art described above, and when forming the front surface of the forged material into a predetermined protruding shape, the internal stress of the mold is suppressed, and the risk of damage to the mold is reduced. It is an object to be solved to provide a forging method to be reduced. Moreover, it is set as the problem which should be solved to provide the forging die set used for this forging method.

The forging method of the present invention is a forging method in which a plastic flow is generated by applying a load to a forging material, and the front surface of the forging material is formed into a predetermined protruding shape, and the portion corresponding to the protruding top portion of the protruding shape By using a preliminary mold having a recessed central concave portion, a convex portion around the central concave portion, and a peripheral concave portion around the convex portion, the central concave portion, the convex portion, and the peripheral concave portion respectively. By using a preforming step of forming corresponding central convex portions, concave portions, and peripheral convex portions on the front surface of the forging material, and a finishing mold having a predetermined concave shape corresponding to the protruding shape, the peripheral convex portions are wherein also recessed from the recess, and a finish forming process for forming the front surface of the forging material to the protuberant shape, the preliminary mold, wherein the central recess and the peripheral recess located on the same plane

  The reserve mold may have the central recess at the center thereof, the central recess may be circular, the protrusion may be annular, and the peripheral recess may be annular.

  The protruding shape may be a hemispherical shape.

  The forging die set of the present invention is a forging die set used in the forging method of the present invention described above, and includes the above-described preliminary die and finishing die.

  In the forging method of the present invention, a preliminary molding process using a preliminary mold having a central concave part, a convex part around the central concave part, and a peripheral concave part around the central concave part, and a finish molding process using a finishing mold having a predetermined concave shape, The front surface of the forging material is formed into a predetermined protruding shape. Here, since the convex part of the preliminary mold first comes into contact with the front surface of the forging material, the load is likely to concentrate relatively. Still, since the load acting from the center direction of the forging material and the load acting from the peripheral direction of the forging material are partially offset, the internal stress generated in the convex portion can be relatively small. As a result, the internal stress of the spare mold is suppressed and the risk of breakage of the spare mold is reduced as compared with the case where the load is concentrated in the direction of expanding the entrance of the throttle hole in Patent Document 1.

  Further, in the preliminary forming step, a central convex portion and a concave portion having a shape close to the projecting top portion are previously formed on the front surface of the forging material. In the finish molding step, the front surface formed with the central convex portion and the concave portion may be formed into a predetermined protruding shape, and it is not necessary to form the flat front surface into the predetermined protruding shape at a time. Accordingly, the plastic flow required for forming the predetermined protruding shape in the finish forming step is relatively small, and a small load is sufficient. Thereby, the internal stress which generate | occur | produces in a finishing metal mold | die is suppressed, and the risk of the damage of a finishing metal mold | die is reduced.

  Moreover, in the aspect which has a circular center recessed part in the center of a preliminary | backup metal mold | die, and a convex part and a surrounding recessed part are annular | circular shaped, the front surface of a forge raw material can be shape | molded by the preforming process in the rotationally symmetrical preliminary shape. Therefore, it is suitable for forming a rotationally symmetrical protruding shape.

Furthermore, since the central recess and surrounding the recess of the pre-mold are positioned on the same plane, the load acting from the center direction of the forging material, the remarkable radial offsetting the effect of the load acting from the periphery direction of the forging material Become. Therefore, the internal stress generated at the convex portion of the preliminary mold is further suppressed.

  Further, in a mode in which the predetermined protruding shape is a hemispherical shape, a round bar having a hemispherical tip can be manufactured. Furthermore, by performing the same molding on the front and rear surfaces of the forging material, it is possible to mass-produce spheres at a low cost.

  According to the forging die set of the present invention, similarly to the forging method of the present invention, the risk of breakage of the preliminary die and the finishing die is reduced.

It is a perspective view of the molded product manufactured with the forging method of embodiment. It is sectional drawing of the forge die set which shows the condition immediately after shape | molding by a preforming process. It is the figure which showed the shape of the front surface of a preforming product. It is sectional drawing of the forge die set which shows the condition immediately before shape | molding in a finish shaping | molding process. It is sectional drawing of the forge die set which shows the condition immediately after implement | achieving shaping | molding in a finish shaping | molding process.

  A forging method according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the forging method of the embodiment, the molded product 9 shown in FIG. 1 is manufactured from a cylindrical forging material having a diameter D1. FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a molded product 9 manufactured by the forging method of the embodiment. The molded product 9 is rotationally symmetric, and a predetermined protruding shape is formed on the front side of the cylindrical base 91 having a diameter D1. The predetermined projecting shape includes a tapered reduced diameter portion 92, a small diameter portion 93, and a front flat portion 94. The tapered diameter-reduced portion 92 protrudes forward from the base portion 91, and its diameter gradually decreases from D1 to D2. The small-diameter portion 93 has a cylindrical shape that protrudes forward from the tapered reduced-diameter portion 92 and maintains a constant diameter D2. The front plane portion 94 is the front surface of the small diameter portion 93. Roundness corresponding to chamfering is formed at the boundary between the outer peripheral surface of the small diameter portion 93 and the front flat surface portion 94. The small diameter part 93 and the front side flat part 94 are corresponded to the protrusion top part of protrusion shape.

  In the forging method of the embodiment, the molded product 9 is formed by performing a preforming step and a finish forming step. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the forging die set showing a situation immediately after the molding is performed in the preforming process. A forging die set used in the pre-forming step is a combination of a die 1, a pre-die 2 and a pressing punch 3. The die 1 is a fixed mold having a forming hole 11 having a diameter D1. The preliminary mold 2 and the press punch 3 are used by being inserted into the molding hole 11 of the die 1 so as to be able to move inside the molding hole 11.

  The preliminary mold 2 is a cylindrical fixed mold having an outer diameter of approximately D1. The preliminary mold 2 has a central concave portion 21, a convex portion 22, and a peripheral concave portion 23 on a surface facing the forging material. In the central recess 21, portions corresponding to the small-diameter portion 93 and the front plane portion 94 of the molded product 9 are recessed in a circular shape. The diameter D3 of the central recess 21 is preferably approximated to the diameter D2 of the small diameter portion 93, and does not need to exactly match. The convex portion 22 protrudes around the central concave portion 21 in an annular shape. As shown in FIG. 2, the cross section of the protruding portion of the convex portion 22 has a rounded mountain shape, and is not limited thereto. The peripheral recessed part 23 is dented in the annular shape around the convex part 22, and has reached the outer periphery. The peripheral recess 23 is located on the same plane as the central recess 21.

  The pressing punch 3 is a cylindrical movable mold having an outer diameter of approximately D1. The pressing punch 3 is driven by a driving unit (not shown) and applies a load to the rear surface of the forging material while moving in the direction of the preliminary mold 2.

  In the preliminary molding step, first, the preliminary mold 2 is fixed inside the molding hole 11 of the die 1. Second, a forging material is inserted into the molding hole 11. The forged material is in a situation where the front surface faces the auxiliary mold 2 and the rear surface can be pressed. Third, the pressing punch 3 is driven. The pressing punch 3 applies a load by pressing the rear surface of the forging material. The forging material is pressed into the preliminary mold 2 and plastic flow is generated on the front surface to form the preform 8. Thereafter, the pressing punch 3 is withdrawn from the molding hole 11, and the preliminary mold 2 is driven toward the pressing punch 3 by an unillustrated extrusion driving unit. As a result, the preformed product 8 is pushed out from the molding hole 11.

  FIG. 3 is a view showing the shape of the front surface of the preform 8. On the front surface of the preform 8, a rotationally symmetrical central convex portion 81, a concave portion 82, and a peripheral convex portion 83 are formed. The central convex portion 81 is formed by inverting the concave-convex relationship with respect to the central concave portion 21 of the preliminary mold 2 and has a protruding circular shape with a diameter D3. Similarly, the concave portion 82 is formed by inverting the concave-convex relationship with respect to the convex portion 22 and has a concave ring shape. The peripheral convex portion 83 is formed by reversing the concave-convex relationship with respect to the peripheral concave portion 23, and has a protruding annular shape reaching the outer periphery.

  Let's move on to the explanation of the finish molding process. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the forging die set showing a situation immediately before the forming is performed in the finish forming step. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the forging die set showing a situation immediately after the molding is performed in the finish molding process. The forging die set used in the finish molding step is a combination of the finishing die 4, the extrusion rod 5, and the pressing punch 3. The extrusion rod 5 becomes a part of the finishing mold 4 and has a function of extruding the molded product 9. The pressing punch 3 is a movable mold having the same shape as that used in the preforming process, and is driven in the same manner as in the preforming process.

The finishing mold 4 is a fixed mold having a forming hole 41 having an inner diameter of approximately D1. The finishing mold 4 has a predetermined concave shape corresponding to a predetermined protruding shape of the molded product 9 at the bottom of the molding hole 41. The predetermined recess shape includes a tapered reduced diameter molding portion 42, a small diameter molding portion 43, and a front plane molding portion 44. The shapes of the tapered reduced diameter molding portion 42, the small diameter molded portion 43, and the front flat surface molding portion 44 are uneven with respect to the shapes of the tapered reduced diameter portion 92, the small diameter portion 93, and the front flat surface portion 94 of the molded product 9, respectively. The relationship is reversed. A roundness corresponding to chamfering is provided at the boundary between the inner peripheral surface of the small-diameter molding portion 43 and the front planar molding portion 44. In the center of the finishing mold 4, a rod insertion hole 45 opened in the center of the front plane molding portion 44 is formed.

  The push rod 5 is disposed inside the rod insertion hole 45 and can be moved by a push drive unit (not shown). The flat end surface 51 of the extrusion rod 5 is connected to the front flat surface forming portion 44 at the time of forming, and forms the front flat surface portion 94 of the molded product 9.

  In the finish molding step, first, the extrusion rod 5 is fixed to the center of the finish mold 4. Second, the preform 8 is inserted into the molding hole 41. The preform 8 is in a situation where the front surface faces the bottom of the molding hole 41 and the rear surface can be pressed. Third, the pressing punch 3 is driven, and the situation shown in FIG. 4 is obtained. The pressing punch 3 applies a load by pressing the rear surface of the preform 8. As a result, as shown in FIG. 5, the preform 8 is pressed into contact with the bottom of the molding hole 41, and plastic flow is generated on the front surface to form the molded product 9. At this time, the peripheral convex portion 83 of the preformed product 8 is formed in a predetermined protruding shape by being recessed from the concave portion 82. Thereafter, the pressing punch 3 is withdrawn from the forming hole 41, and the pushing rod 5 is driven toward the pressing punch 3. Thereby, the molded product 9 is pushed out from the molding hole 41.

  Next, the operation of the forging method of the embodiment will be described. In the pre-forming step, the front surface of the forging material first comes into contact with the convex portion 22 of the preliminary mold 2, so that the load concentrates on the convex portion 22. As shown in FIG. 2, the convex portion 22 receives a load F1 acting from the center direction of the forging material and a load F2 acting from the peripheral direction of the forging material, and an internal stress is generated. At this time, since the radial components of the load F1 and the load F2 face each other and cancel each other, the internal stress generated in the convex portion 22 can be relatively small. Furthermore, since the central concave portion 21 and the peripheral concave portion 23 into which the forging material is pushed by plastic flow are located on the same plane, the radial components of the load F1 and the load F2 are opposite in magnitude and have an offset effect. Become prominent. As a result, the internal stress generated in the convex portion 22 is further suppressed.

  Further, in the finish molding step, the outer edge of the peripheral convex portion 83 in the front surface of the preformed product 8 first comes into contact with the outer edge of the tapered reduced diameter molding portion 42, and plastic flow starts. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the load F <b> 3 in the direction of expanding the inner diameter is concentrated near the outer edge of the tapered diameter-reduced portion 42. Here, in the preforming step, the recess 82 is formed in advance on the preform 8. Therefore, the plastic flow required for the peripheral convex portion 83 to be recessed from the concave portion 82 can be smaller than when the flat front surface of the forging material is molded into a predetermined protruding shape at a time. As a result, the load F3 can be small, and the internal stress generated in the tapered diameter reducing portion 42 is suppressed.

  Furthermore, as the molding of the tapered diameter-reduced portion 92 proceeds, the molding of the small-diameter portion 93 starts. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the load F <b> 4 in the direction of expanding the inner diameter is concentrated in the vicinity of the boundary between the tapered reduced diameter molding portion 42 and the small diameter molding portion 43. Here, in the preforming step, the central convex portion 81 having a shape close to the small diameter portion 93 is formed in advance on the preform 8. Therefore, the plastic flow required for forming the small diameter portion 93 can be smaller than when the flat front surface of the forging material is formed into a predetermined protruding shape at a time. As a result, the load F4 is small, and internal stress generated in the vicinity of the boundary between the tapered reduced diameter molding portion 42 and the small diameter molding portion 43 is suppressed.

  In the forging method of the embodiment, the predetermined protruding shape can be implemented as a hemispherical shape. In this case, a round bar having a hemispherical tip can be manufactured. Furthermore, a sphere can be manufactured by performing the same shaping | molding on the front surface and rear surface of a forging raw material. At this time, the front surface and the rear surface of the forging material may be molded in two steps, or the front surface and the rear surface of the forging material may be molded together. In the former case, the front surface of the pressing punch 3 when the rear surface of the forging material is formed has a shape capable of pressing the hemispherical shape of the forging material. In the latter case, a central concave portion 21, a convex portion 22, and a peripheral concave portion 23 are provided on the front surface of the press punch 3 used in the preliminary molding step, and a tapered reduced diameter molding portion 42 is provided on the front surface of the press punch 3 used in the finish molding step. The small-diameter molding part 43 and the front plane molding part 44 are provided.

  The forging method according to the embodiment is a forging method in which a plastic flow is generated by applying a load to a forging material, and the front surface of the forging material is formed into a predetermined protruding shape, which is a protruding top portion (small diameter portion 93 and front side). By using the preliminary mold 2 having the central recess 21 in which the portion corresponding to the flat portion 94) is recessed, the convex portion 22 around the central concave portion 21, and the peripheral concave portion 23 around the convex portion 22, the central concave portion 21, the convex portion 22, and the central convex portion 81, the concave portion 82, and the peripheral convex portion 83 respectively corresponding to the peripheral concave portion 23 are formed on the front surface of the forging material, and the predetermined concave shape corresponding to the predetermined protruding shape By using the finishing mold 4 having the above, a finishing molding step is provided in which the peripheral convex portion 83 is recessed from the concave portion 82 and the front surface of the forged material is molded into a predetermined protruding shape.

  Here, since the convex part 22 of the preliminary | backup metal mold | die 2 contacts the front surface of a forge raw material first, a load concentrates comparatively easily. Still, since the load F1 acting from the center direction of the forging material and the load F2 acting from the peripheral direction of the forging material are partially offset, the internal stress generated in the convex portion 22 can be relatively small. As a result, the internal stress of the spare mold 2 is suppressed and the risk of breakage of the spare mold 2 is reduced as compared with the case where the load is concentrated in the direction in which the entrance of the throttle hole is expanded in Patent Document 1.

  Further, in the preliminary forming step, the central convex portion 81 and the concave portion 82 having a shape close to the protruding top portion are previously formed on the front surface of the forging material. In the finish forming step, the front surface on which the central convex portion 81 and the concave portion 82 are formed may be formed into a predetermined protruding shape, and it is not necessary to form the flat front surface into the predetermined protruding shape at a time. Accordingly, the plastic flow required for forming the predetermined protruding shape in the finish forming step is relatively small, and a small load is sufficient. Thereby, the internal stress which generate | occur | produces in the finishing metal mold | die 4 is suppressed, and the risk of the damage of the finishing metal mold | die 4 is reduced.

  Furthermore, it is possible to extend the life of the preliminary mold 2 and the finishing mold 4, and the running cost is reduced. In addition, since the load required for the press punch 3 may be small, a small forging facility is sufficient, and the initial cost is reduced.

  Moreover, the preliminary | backup metal mold | die 2 has the center recessed part 21 in the center, and the center recessed part 21 may be circular, the convex part 22 may be circular, and the surrounding recessed part 23 may be circular. According to this, the front surface of the forging material can be formed into a rotationally symmetrical preliminary shape in the preliminary forming step. Therefore, it is suitable for forming a rotationally symmetrical protruding shape.

  Further, in the preliminary mold 2, it is preferable that the central concave portion 21 and the peripheral concave portion 23 are located on the same plane. According to this, the radial offset effect between the load F1 acting from the center direction of the forging material and the load F2 acting from the peripheral direction of the forging material becomes remarkable. Therefore, the internal stress generated in the convex portion 22 of the preliminary mold 2 is further suppressed.

  The predetermined protruding shape may be a hemispherical shape. According to this, a round bar having a hemispherical tip can be manufactured. Furthermore, by performing the same molding on the front and rear surfaces of the forging material, it is possible to mass-produce spheres at a low cost.

  Furthermore, the present invention can be implemented as a forging die set including the preliminary die 2 and the finishing die 4. According to this, similarly to the forging method of the embodiment, the risk of breakage of the preliminary mold 2 and the finishing mold 4 is reduced. In addition, the running cost is reduced by extending the lifespan of the preliminary mold 2 and the finishing mold 4, and the initial cost is reduced by using a small forging facility.

  Note that the mold set used in the preforming process and the finish molding process can be appropriately modified. Moreover, the shape and hemispherical shape of the molded product 9 described in the embodiment are examples of protruding shapes, and the present invention can be applied to molding various other protruding shapes. The present invention is not limited to the methods and configurations described in the embodiments, and various applications and modifications other than those described above are possible.

1: Die 11: Molding hole 2: Preliminary mold 21: Central concave portion 22: Convex portion 23: Surrounding concave portion 3: Press punch 4: Finishing die 41: Molding hole 42: Tapered reduced diameter molded portion 43: Small diameter molded portion 44: Front plane molding part 5: Extrusion rod 8: Preliminary product 81: Central convex part 82: Concave part 83: Peripheral convex part 9: Molded part 91: Base part 92: Tapered reduced diameter part 93: Small diameter part 94: Front side Flat part

Claims (4)

A forging method for generating plastic flow by applying a load to the forging material and forming the front surface of the forging material into a predetermined protruding shape,
By using a preliminary mold having a central concave portion where the portion corresponding to the protruding top portion of the protruding shape is dented, a convex portion around the central concave portion, and a peripheral concave portion around the convex portion, the central concave portion, A preforming step of forming a central convex portion, a concave portion, and a peripheral convex portion respectively corresponding to the convex portion and the peripheral concave portion on the front surface of the forging material;
By using a finishing mold having a predetermined concave shape corresponding to the protruding shape, the peripheral convex portion is recessed from the concave portion, and the front surface of the forged material is molded into the protruding shape, With
The preliminary mold is a forging method in which the central recess and the peripheral recess are located on the same plane. The forging method according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary mold has the central concave portion at the center thereof, the central concave portion is circular, the convex portion is an annular shape, and the peripheral concave portion is an annular shape. . The forging method according to claim 1 , wherein the protruding shape is a hemispherical shape. A forging die set used to have been forging method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, the preliminary die and said finishing die according to any one of claims 1 to 3 Forging mold set including.

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