JP6168098B2 - Electric motorcycle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric motorcycle including an electric motor that generates a rotational driving force and a motor controller that controls the electric motor.

  This type of electric motorcycle is described in Patent Document 1. As shown in FIG. 13, the electric motorcycle 10 is a motorcycle having a front wheel 11 and a rear wheel 12, and can travel using a motor 13.

  Specifically, the motor 13 drives the rear wheel 12 via the drive belt portion 14. The rider of the electric motorcycle 10 adjusts the driving force generated by the rotation of the motor 13 by adjusting the throttle opening using the throttle grip 15. The control device 100 </ b> A (motor controller) is mounted below the seat 16. The control device 100A is connected to a sensor unit 110 configured by a sensor that detects a moment and the like generated in the electric motorcycle 10. Further, a vehicle speed sensor 101 that is attached to the vicinity of the front wheel 11 and detects the vehicle speed of the electric motorcycle 10 is connected to the control device 100A.

  Patent Document 2 describes a motorcycle driven by a gasoline engine. FIG. 14 shows the entire vehicle body of the motorcycle 1, and FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the engine and the transmission of the motorcycle 1.

  The motorcycle 1 has a vehicle body frame 3 that is a skeleton of the vehicle body 2. The vehicle body frame 3 includes a head pipe 5, a main pipe 6 that extends obliquely downward from the head pipe 5 to the rear side, a rear pipe 7 that is fixed to a rear intermediate portion of the main pipe 6 and extends obliquely upward, and a main pipe 6. The support frame 8 is fixed to the rear end and extends downward.

  A steering shaft 9 is pivotally attached to the head pipe 5, and a front wheel FW is rotatably supported via a telescopic front fork 10 having a telescopic suspension below the steering shaft 9. Has been. A bar-like handle 11 extending left and right via a handle post (not shown) is attached to the upper end of the steering shaft 9 so that the front wheel FW can be steered.

  A power unit PU in which the engine 40 and the transmission 60 are integrated is attached to an intermediate portion of the vehicle body frame 3 so as to be suspended below the main pipe 6. An output shaft (output of the transmission) of the power unit PU is attached. A rotational driving force is transmitted from the drive sprocket 67 coupled to the shaft) to the rear wheel RW via the chain 15.

  A cylinder block 41 of the engine 40 is attached to the front portion of the power unit PU, and a cylinder head 42 is coupled to the front thereof. A piston (not shown) is fitted inside the cylinder block 41 so as to be slidable in the front-rear direction, and is connected to the crankshaft via a connecting rod and a crankpin.

  A cam drive sprocket 46 is coupled to the left portion of the crankshaft, and a cam chain 48 is wound around a cam driven sprocket coupled to the left end portion of the camshaft rotatably supported by the cylinder head 42. The intake valve and the exhaust valve are opened and closed by the rotation of the crankshaft 45.

  Although the detailed illustration of the transmission 60 is omitted, the transmission 60 includes a main shaft connected to the crankshaft and a counter shaft connected to the main shaft, and the main shaft is interposed between the counter shaft and the main shaft. A gear train for establishing a plurality of gear positions is provided. In FIGS. 14 and 15, 8 is a support frame, 20 is a footrest step, 21 is a bar member, 96 is a shift position detector, and 160 is an actuator.

JP 2006-151289 A JP 2008-174109 A

  However, in the electric motorcycle described in Patent Document 1, since the control device 100A (motor controller) is mounted in the cowl below the seat 16, heat dissipation is poor and the arrangement space is limited. For this reason, it is difficult to increase the size of the control device 100A.

In view of the above problems, an electric motorcycle according to the present invention includes a front wheel, an electric motor that generates a rotational driving force, a motor controller that controls the electric motor, a transmission coupled to an output shaft of the electric motor, A rear wheel coupled to the output shaft of the transmission via a chain,
The motor controller is disposed behind the front wheel and in front of the transmission ,
The electric motor is composed of a three-phase brushless motor that is rotationally driven according to first to third control currents, and the motor controller includes a storage case having a plurality of outer wall surfaces and a plurality of inner wall surfaces; A first power board attached to the first inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the first control current, and attached to a second inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the second control current. And a third power board attached to a third inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the third control current .
An electric motorcycle according to the present invention includes a front wheel, an electric motor that generates a rotational driving force, a motor controller that controls the electric motor, a transmission coupled to an output shaft of the electric motor, and the transmission. A rear wheel coupled to the output shaft via a chain, and the motor controller is disposed behind the front wheel and in front of the transmission, and the motor controller is attached to the transmission. An attachment part for passing wiring between the motor controller and the electric motor is provided, and the motor controller is attached to the attachment part .

  According to the present invention, since the motor controller is arranged behind the front wheels and in front of the transmission, it is possible to improve the heat radiation performance by efficiently applying the traveling wind to the motor controller, and there is also a margin in the arrangement space. Therefore, it is possible to easily increase the size of the motor controller and increase its output capacity.

  In addition, according to the present invention, the position at which the motor controller is disposed is close to the position at which the engine is disposed in a gasoline engine-driven motorcycle, so that the design is excellent.

It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of the electric two-wheeled vehicle in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of a motor controller. It is a perspective view which shows the internal structure of a motor controller. It is a perspective view which shows the board | substrate structure of a motor controller. It is a circuit diagram of a motor controller. It is a figure which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of the electric two-wheeled vehicle in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the two motor controllers in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of L type | mold 2 cylinders. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of a parallel 2 cylinder. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of radial 4 cylinders. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of L type | mold 4 cylinders. It is a perspective view which shows arrangement | positioning of the motor controller of radial 5 cylinders. It is a front view which shows the whole structure of the conventional electric motorcycle. FIG. 6 is a front view showing an entire body of a conventional gasoline engine-driven motorcycle. Fig. 15 is a diagram showing an engine and a transmission of the motorcycle shown in Fig. 14.

<First Embodiment>
An electric motorcycle 100 according to a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. As shown in FIG. 1, an electric motorcycle 100 is similar to the conventional gasoline engine-driven motorcycle 1 shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, and a gasoline-driven engine 40 (cylinder block 41, cylinder head 42, crankshaft, etc.) of a power unit PU. ), And instead, the motor controller 102 is attached to the installation position of the engine 40 via the attachment unit 101, and the output shaft of the electric motor M is coupled to the input shaft of the conventional transmission 60. In FIG. 1, the attachment unit 101 and the motor controller 102 are shown surrounded by broken lines.

  In this case, the input shaft of the transmission 60 corresponds to the rotating shaft of the cam drive sprocket 46 to which the crankshaft in the conventional motorcycle 1 driven by a gasoline engine is coupled, or the main shaft connected to the crankshaft. The attachment part 101 consists of box bodies, such as a rectangular parallelepiped, and the motor controller 102 is attached to the outer surface facing the front wheel FW of the attachment part 101.

  That is, the electric motorcycle 100 is obtained by converting the gasoline engine-driven motorcycle 1 into the electric motorcycle 100, and includes an electric motor M that generates rotational driving force, a motor controller 102 that controls the electric motor M, and an electric motor. A transmission 60 having an input shaft coupled to the output shaft of M, and a rear wheel coupled to the output shaft of the transmission 60 via a chain 15, and the motor controller 102 is located behind the front wheel FW. It is disposed in front of the transmission 60.

  According to the electric motorcycle 100, the motor controller 102 is disposed behind the front wheel FW and in front of the transmission 60 so that the front wheel FW faces the front wheel FW. In addition to the fact that there is a large space between the transmission 60 and the front wheel FW, and the motor controller 102 has a sufficient space for the arrangement, the motor controller 102 can be easily increased in size. The output capacity can be increased.

  Further, since the position where the motor controller 102 is disposed is close to the position where the engine 40 is disposed in the gasoline engine-driven motorcycle 1, the overall design of the original gasoline engine-driven motorcycle 1 can be maintained. Excellent design.

  The gasoline tank required for the motorcycle 1 driven by the gasoline engine is removed, and a battery made of a secondary battery or the like is attached as a drive source of the electric motor M instead. It is appropriate that the battery is attached under the seat of the electric motorcycle 100 or under the rear loading platform.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the motor controller 102. As shown,
The electric motor M is a three-phase brushless motor, and the motor controller 102 controls first to third control currents IU, IV, corresponding to three phases (U, V, W) in order to control the electric motor M. Three power boards 103A, 103B, and 103C that output IW and one control board 104 are provided, and operate by receiving power supply from the battery 105.

  The control board 104 includes a microcomputer. Based on the rotation instruction signals from the accelerator, the brake, and the main switch, and the sensor signals from the angle sensor and the temperature sensor provided in the electric motor M, the power boards 103A, A control signal for controlling 103B and 103C is output.

  In this case, the attachment unit 101 provides various wirings between the motor controller 102 and the electric motor M (wirings for passing the first to third control currents IU, IV, IW, output wirings of the angle sensor and the temperature sensor, etc.). Mediate. That is, these various wirings are arranged through the attachment unit 101 to be protected from damage.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the motor controller 102 includes a storage case 106 made of a hollow rectangular parallelepiped and having six outer wall surfaces and six inner wall surfaces, and includes power boards 103 </ b> A, 103 </ b> B, 103 </ b> C and a control board 104. Is stored. In order to dissipate the Joule heat generated by the motor controller 102, it is preferable that the radiation fins 107 are attached to three or more of the six outer wall surfaces.

  The storage case 106 is preferably made of a metal such as an aluminum alloy or a magnesium alloy having a thickness of 2 mm or more in order to ensure mechanical strength and heat dissipation performance. Note that FIG. 3 is shown with the two sides removed to show the internal structure of the storage case 106.

  The power board 103A is attached to the first inner wall surface 108A of the storage case 106, the power board 103B is attached to the second inner wall surface 108B of the storage case 106, and the power board 103C is the third inner wall surface 108C of the storage case 106. Attached to. The control board 104 is attached to the fourth inner wall surface 108 </ b> D of the storage case 106.

  In this case, since the power boards 103A, 103B, and 103C generate Joule heat that is larger than that of the control board 104, the radiating fins 107 are disposed on the opposite side of the first to third inner wall surfaces 108A, 108B, and 108C. It is preferable to attach to certain first to third outer wall surfaces 109A, 109B, 109C in order to improve the heat radiation efficiency.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the power boards 103 </ b> A to 103 </ b> C include a printed board 110, an FET (not shown) arranged on the printed board 110, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor 111, and between the power boards 103 </ b> A to 103 </ b> C and the control board 104. And a heat spreader 113 arranged on the back side of the printed circuit board 110. The heat spreader 113 is formed of a high heat conductive material, and promotes heat dissipation of the Joule heat of the FET.

  FIG. 5 is a circuit diagram of the motor controller 102. The control board 104 includes a signal input circuit 114 and a microcomputer 115. The signal input circuit 115 receives a rotation instruction signal, an angle sensor signal, and a temperature sensor signal from the accelerator, brake, and main switch, and outputs them to the microcomputer 115. The microcomputer 115 generates a rotation control signal corresponding to the U phase, the V phase, and the W phase according to the signal from the signal input circuit 115.

  The power substrate 103A includes a gate driver 116A, a high-side FET 117A and a low-side FET 118A connected in series between the power supply line V and the ground line E, and a power supply voltage stabilization connected between the power supply line V and the ground line E. And an electrolytic capacitor 111A.

  Similarly, the power substrate 10B is connected between the gate driver 116B, the high-side FET 117B and the low-side FET 118B connected in series between the power line V and the ground line E, and between the power line V and the ground line E. And an electrolytic capacitor 111B for stabilizing the power supply voltage.

  Similarly, the power substrate 10C is connected between the gate driver 116C, the high-side FET 117C and the low-side FET 118C connected in series between the power line V and the ground line E, and between the power line V and the ground line E. And an electrolytic capacitor 111C for stabilizing the power supply voltage.

  A connection node between the high-side FET 117A and the low-side FET 118A of the power board 103A is connected to one end of a U-phase coil of the electric motor M, and a connection node between the high-side FET 117B and the low-side FET 118B of the power board 103B is V of the electric motor M. The connection node between the high-side FET 117C and the low-side FET 118C of the power substrate 103C is connected to one end of the W-phase coil of the electric motor M, and the other ends of the coils are coupled as an intermediate point. Yes.

  Although the electric motor M has a known structure, the electric motor M includes an annular stator fixed to a fixed shaft and a rotor, and the stator is integrally formed with three teeth protruding outward in the radial direction. Each coil is wound around these three teeth. In the case of the outer roller type, a plurality of magnets facing the protruding end surfaces of the teeth are arranged in the circumferential direction on the inner peripheral surface of the outer roller.

  The first to third control currents IU, IV, and IW corresponding to the three phases (U, V, and W) flow from the motor controller 102 to the coils, thereby rotating the electric motor M that is a three-phase brushless motor. Control can be performed. Thus, the rotational driving force of the electric motor M is decelerated by the transmission 60 and transmitted to the rear wheels via the chain 15, so that the electric motorcycle 100 can travel.

<Second Embodiment>
As shown in FIG. 6, the electric motorcycle 100 according to the present embodiment controls one electric motor M composed of a three-phase brushless motor by two motor controllers 102A and 102B. The motor controllers 102A and 102B Further, it is arranged behind the front wheel FW and in front of the transmission 60. In FIG. 6, the attachment unit 101 and the motor controllers 102A and 102B are shown surrounded by broken lines.

  The attachment unit 101 for coupling the motor controllers 102A and 102B to the transmission 60 has a cubic shape, and the motor controller 102A is attached to the surface of the attachment unit 101 facing the front wheel FW, and is another motor controller. 102B is attached to a surface different from the surface. The configuration of the motor controllers 102A and 102B is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  According to the electric motorcycle 100 of the present embodiment, since the control currents of the two motor controllers 102A and 102B are supplied to one electric motor M, the output is compared with that of the first embodiment. The capacity can be increased. In addition, since the two motor controllers 102A and 102B are disposed behind the front wheel FW and in front of the transmission 60, an arrangement space is secured and the size can be increased.

  In addition, since the two motor controllers 102A and 102B are attached to different surfaces of the attachment unit 101, the traveling wind can be efficiently applied to the two motor controllers 102A and 102B.

  FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the motor controller 102. As shown in the figure, the electric motor M is a three-phase brushless motor, and the motor controller 102A controls the first to third controls corresponding to the three phases (U, V, W) in order to control the electric motor M. Power boards 103A, 103B, and 103C that output currents IU1, IV1, and IW1 and a control board 104 are provided, and operate by receiving power from the battery 105.

  In order to control the electric motor M, the motor controller 102B also outputs power boards 103A, 103B, and 103C that output first to third control currents IU2, IV2, and IW2 corresponding to three phases (U, V, and W), respectively. And a control board 104, which operates by receiving power supply from the battery 105.

  In this case, the first control current IU1 of the motor controller 102A and the first control current IU2 of the motor controller 102B have the same phase, and the second control current IV1 of the motor controller 102A and the second control current IV1 of the motor controller 102B. The control current IV2 has the same phase, and the third control current IW1 of the motor controller 102A and the third control current IW2 of the motor controller 102B have the same phase.

  The control boards 104 and 104 are configured to include a microcomputer. Based on the rotation instruction signals from the accelerator, the brake, and the main switch, and the sensor signals from the angle sensor and the temperature sensor provided in the electric motor M, the motor controllers 102A, A control signal for controlling the power boards 103A, 103B, 103C of 102B is output.

  On the other hand, the electric motor M is a three-phase brushless motor. Unlike the first embodiment, the electric motor M includes two sets of three U-phase coils, V-phase coils, and W-phase coils. ing. That is, the electric motor M includes an annular stator fixed to a fixed shaft and a rotor, and the stator is formed in a shape integrally including six teeth protruding outward in the radial direction. Each of the coils is wound around each of the teeth as a set of three consecutive teeth in the circumferential direction.

  The first to third IU1, IV1, and IW1 corresponding to the motor controller 102A are supplied to the first set of U-phase coils, V-phase coils, and W-phase coils, and the second set of U-phase coils and V-phase coils. The first to third IU2, IV2, and IW2 corresponding to the motor controller 102B are supplied to the W-phase coil. Thereby, the output capacity of the motor controller can be increased as compared with that of the first embodiment. An electric motor provided with such a plurality of sets of coils is described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2009-95124.

  In the example of FIG. 7, the electric motor M having two sets of U-phase coil, V-phase coil, and W-phase coil is controlled by two motor controllers 102A and 102B. An electric motor having two or more even number U-phase coils, V-phase coils, and W-phase coils can be controlled by two motor controllers.

  Next, an arrangement example of a plurality of motor controllers will be described with reference to FIGS. In the arrangement of FIG. 8, two motor controllers 102A and 102B are attached to two surfaces of a single attachment unit 101 having a cubic shape, and an L shape is formed as a whole. It is called. Any of the remaining four surfaces to which the motor controller is not attached is an attachment surface for the transmission 60.

  In the arrangement of FIG. 9, two motor controllers 102A and 102B are arranged in parallel on one large area surface of one attachment portion 101 having a flat rectangular parallelepiped shape, which is called a parallel two-cylinder. It is. The surface opposite to the surface on which the two motor controllers 102 </ b> A and 102 </ b> B are attached is an attachment surface for the transmission 60.

  The arrangement shown in FIG. 10 is obtained by attaching four motor controllers 102A, 102B, 102C, and 102D to four surfaces of one attachment unit 101 having a cubic shape, and is called a radial four-cylinder. . One of the remaining two surfaces to which the motor controller is not attached is an attachment surface for the transmission 60.

In the arrangement of FIG. 11, two motor controllers 102A and 102B are arranged in parallel on one surface of one attachment unit 101 having a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and two motor controllers 102C and 102C are arranged on one surface adjacent thereto. 102D is arranged in parallel and is called an L-type four cylinder.

  The arrangement shown in FIG. 12 is obtained by attaching five motor controllers 102A, 102B, 102C, 102D, and 102E to five surfaces of one attachment portion 101 having a cubic shape, and is called a radial five cylinder. The remaining one surface to which the motor controller is not attached is an attachment surface for the transmission 60.

  In the first embodiment, one electric motor M is controlled by one motor controller 102, and in the second embodiment, one electric motor M is controlled by a plurality of motor controllers. However, a configuration in which each of the plurality of electric motors M is controlled by one or a plurality of motor controllers may be employed.

FW Front wheel 60 Transmission 100 Electric motorcycle 101 Attachment unit 102 Motor controller 103A, 103B, 103C Power board 104 Control board 105 Battery 106 Storage case 107 Radiation fin M Electric motor

Claims (7)

Front wheels,
An electric motor that generates rotational driving force;
A motor controller for controlling the electric motor;
A transmission coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor;
A rear wheel coupled to the output shaft of the transmission via a chain,
The motor controller is disposed behind the front wheel and in front of the transmission ,
The electric motor is composed of a three-phase brushless motor that is rotationally driven according to first to third control currents,
The motor controller includes a storage case having a plurality of outer wall surfaces and a plurality of inner wall surfaces, and a first power board attached to the first inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the first control current. ,
A second power board attached to the second inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the second control current;
An electric motorcycle comprising: a third power board attached to a third inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the third control current . Front wheels,
An electric motor that generates rotational driving force;
A motor controller for controlling the electric motor;
A transmission coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor;
A rear wheel coupled to the output shaft of the transmission via a chain,
The motor controller is disposed behind the front wheel and in front of the transmission,
Electric which is attached to the motor controller to the transmission, comprising an attachment portion for passing the wires between the motor controller and the electric motor, wherein the motor controller is characterized by being attached to the attachment portion Motorcycle. Front wheels,
An electric motor composed of a three-phase brushless motor that is rotationally driven according to first to third control currents;
A plurality of motor controllers each outputting a first to third control current;
A transmission coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor;
A rear wheel coupled to the output shaft of the transmission via a chain,
The plurality of motor controllers are arranged behind the front wheels and in front of the transmission ,
Each motor controller includes a storage case having a plurality of outer wall surfaces and a plurality of inner wall surfaces, a first power board attached to the first inner wall surface of the storage case and outputting the first control current. ,
A second output that is attached to the second inner wall surface of the storage case and outputs the second control current.
Two power boards,
A third output that is attached to the third inner wall surface of the storage case and outputs the third control current.
Electric motorcycle, characterized in that it comprises third and the power substrate. Front wheels,
An electric motor composed of a three-phase brushless motor that is rotationally driven according to first to third control currents;
A plurality of motor controllers each outputting a first to third control current;
A transmission coupled to the output shaft of the electric motor;
A rear wheel coupled to the output shaft of the transmission via a chain ,
The plurality of motor controllers are arranged behind the front wheels and in front of the transmission, and the plurality of motor controllers are attached to the transmission, and between the plurality of motor controllers and the electric motor. An electric motorcycle comprising an attachment portion for passing wiring, wherein the plurality of motor controllers are attached to the attachment portion. 5. The electric motorcycle according to claim 2 , wherein the motor controller includes a storage case having a plurality of outer wall surfaces, and heat radiating fins are attached to three or more surfaces of the plurality of outer wall surfaces. 4. The electric motorcycle according to claim 1 , wherein a radiation fin is attached to each of first to third outer wall surfaces on opposite sides of the first to third inner wall surfaces. 5. The electric motorcycle according to claim 1, wherein the storage case is made of metal.

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