JP6161939B2 - Biogas equipment - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus that uses biogas obtained from raw garbage, organic waste water, livestock waste, and the like for combustion (driving) of a gas driver such as a gas boiler, a gas turbine, or a gas engine.

  In recent years, due to social demands for effective use of resources, energy saving, and environmental conservation, effective utilization of biogas has been carried out in food factories, garbage disposal facilities, etc., and various facilities (devices) have been proposed. (Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2). In this facility, the biogas is taken out from the biogas generation facility, and the biogas has a low calorie, so the biogas is aspirated and mixed with source gases such as city gas and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Need to be supplied to the gas drive. Conventionally, there is a technique using a mixer such as a venturi mixer as a means for performing the suction and mixing (see Patent Document 2, Claim 2 and FIG. 2).

JP 2002-226878 A JP 2004-11993 A JP 2010-2133 A

A conventional biogas suction / mixer (venturi mixer) is a device that simultaneously sucks and mixes both air and biogas by the flow of raw gas such as LPG (FIG. 2). 2). On the other hand, the amount of biogas generated varies depending on each facility. Therefore, in order to obtain the required mixing ratio of LPG, biogas, and air according to the amount of biogas generated (depending on the size of the equipment, etc.), the distribution of the three parties in the mixer Setting of the area ratio (ratio), the flow rate (pressure) of the source gas, and the like becomes complicated.
In addition, the valve control in the conventional biogas utilization apparatus is often performed by electric control by a commercial power source, and if the power source is lost, the driving of the apparatus must be stopped. Furthermore, electric control is the mainstream for automatically setting the distribution area ratio of the three parties.

  An object of the present invention is to easily obtain a required mixing ratio of the above three LPG, biogas, and air.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the present invention, the suction / mixing of air by the raw material gas and the suction / mixing of biogas are performed by separate mixers.
In this way, the setting of the mixer based on the mixing ratio of the raw material gas and air that has been conventionally performed and the setting of the mixer based on the suction / mixing of the raw material gas and the biogas can be performed separately. The setting becomes easier as compared with the setting of the mixing ratio of the above three in one appliance.

  As a configuration of the biogas utilization apparatus according to the present invention, two parallel mixers are interposed in a gas supply path from a raw material gas cylinder to a gas driver, and the raw material gas is circulated in one of the mixers to produce a biogas. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which the required ratio of gas is sucked and mixed, and the other mixer is used to circulate the raw material gas and suck and mix the required ratio of air.

Of course, the present invention can also be applied to an area where city gas is drawn. For example, in the above configuration, the source gas immediately before the gas driver is provided in the city gas supply path to the gas driver. It is possible to adopt a configuration in which an open / close valve is provided that is connected to a supply path and that closes when the biogas exceeds a required pressure in the city gas supply path. In this case, even if the city gas supply is interrupted due to some circumstances such as an earthquake, the gas driver using biogas can be moved.
An open / close valve is provided that closes when biogas exceeds the required pressure, because biogas cannot be smoothly aspirated, mixed, and burned (utilized) unless it has a certain pressure. This is because it is preferable to operate the gas driver with city gas. For this reason, the required pressure of the biogas that closes the on-off valve is appropriately determined by experiments or the like in consideration of its smooth use and the like. For example, 5 kPa.

In these configurations, when the biogas is less than the required pressure, it is preferable that the one mixer stops the biogas suction / mixing and switches to the air suction / mixing. As described above, if the biogas does not have a certain pressure, it cannot be smoothly sucked, mixed and burned (utilized), and cannot be smoothly mixed with the raw material gas. For this reason, in this case, it is preferable that one of the mixers also sucks and mixes air to generate stable combustion gas from the raw material gas. The required pressure may be determined as appropriate by an experiment or the like so that the smooth mixing can be performed, for example, 5 kPa.
In addition, if the control of the valves provided in the source gas supply path and the city gas supply path is performed by gas (see the following embodiment) and the entire apparatus is not controlled by electricity, the power source is not used. You can move this device. For this reason, it can be an effective device when power supply is interrupted due to an earthquake or the like. At this time, for example, if the gas driver is a gas generator, it can be used as a power source.

  In the present invention, as described above, the air suction / mixing by the raw material gas and the biogas suction / mixing are performed by separate mixers, so that it is easy to set the mixing ratio of the raw material gas, air and biogas. It becomes.

Schematic of one embodiment of the biogas utilization apparatus according to the present invention Schematic of the other embodiment Operation explanatory diagram of the other embodiment

  An embodiment of a biogas utilization apparatus according to the present invention is shown in FIG. 1, and this embodiment drives a gas engine E with LP gas (LPG) g and biogas b as raw material gases. The gas supply path (raw material gas supply path) 10 for the LP gas g is provided from the cylinder P to the gas engine E via the cushion tank T. A manual on-off valve 11, a manual inlet valve (valve) 12a, a normally-open diaphragm-type shut-off valve 13, a diaphragm-type pressure-reducing valve (intermediate pressure regulator) 14 are provided from the cylinder P of the gas supply path 10 to the cushion tank T. The diaphragm type ON-OFF valve 15 and the parallel pair of mixers 16a and 16b are interposed (the gas path from the ON-OFF valve 15 is divided into two paths to the pair of mixers 16a and 16b), and the cushion A diaphragm type pressure regulating valve 17 and a manual outlet valve (valve) 12b are interposed from the tank T to the gas engine E.

A diaphragm type abnormal pressure detection valve 18 is attached to the gas supply path 10 from the pressure reducing valve 14 to the ON-OFF valve 15 (the medium pressure gas g ′ of the supply path is sent in), and this abnormal pressure detection valve. When the supply passage pressure becomes equal to or higher than a certain pressure (for example, 0.15 MPa) 18, the pressure is released and the pressure is sent to (applied to) the closing valve 13 to close the closing valve 13.
The internal gas pressure from the cushion tank T is introduced (applied) to a diaphragm type control valve (open / close valve controller) 19, and the control valve 19 is turned on and off according to the gas pressure in the cushion tank T. When the gas pressure in the cushion tank T is within an allowable range (for example, 5 to 15 kPa), the ON-OFF valve 15 is opened (ON) and the mixers 16a and 16b are turned on. When the gas g ′ is fed and exceeds the allowable range, for example, when it exceeds 15 kPa, the pressure is introduced (applied) to the ON-OFF valve 15 and the valve 15 is closed (see, for example, FIG. 1 of Patent Document 3). . In the figure, t is a gas pressure meter in the gas path to the mixer.

The biogas b is produced by a garbage processing machine A such as a food factory or a garbage processing facility, and the garbage processing machine A removes desulfurization and moisture, and sends the biogas b to a cushion tank T1 provided therein. . A biogas supply path 20 is provided from the cushion tank T1 to the one mixer 16a. A manual on-off valve 21 and a diaphragm type on-off valve R2 are interposed in the biogas b supply path 20. . The one on-off valve R2 is closed when the gas pressure in the vicinity of the nozzle in the one mixer 16a is introduced (applied) and the gas pressure is below a required value (for example, 0.09 MPa). The supply path 20 is closed.
Further, a diaphragm type on-off valve R1 is attached to the supply path 20, and the outlet gas pressure of the cushion tank T1 is introduced (applied) to the on-off valve R1, and the pressure reaches a required pressure, for example, 5 kPa or more. Close. In the figure, 25 is a drain valve.

The mixers 16a and 16b are made of a venturi mixer (4m ³ / h) having the same structure, and the mixing ratio (mixing ratio) is set to be constant, and the LP from the pressure reducing valve 14 in the axial direction of the venturi pipe. Gas (intermediate pressure gas) g ′ is fed and circulated. The on-off valve R1 is connected to the inlet of the venturi pipe of one mixer 16a, and the inlet of the other mixer 16b is open to the atmosphere. For this reason, when the on-off valve R1 is open, one mixer 16a opens the intake port to the atmosphere via the on-off valve R1, and sucks air a as the LP gas g ′ flows. Mixing to the required ratio, the gas g '' of that ratio is fed into the cushion tank T.
On the other hand, when the on-off valve R1 is closed and the on-off valve R2 is opened and the intake port is connected to the outlet of the cushion tank T1, the biogas b is sucked in with the circulation of the LP gas g ′. The mixed gas b ′ is fed into the cushion tank T after mixing at a required ratio. The other mixer 16b always sucks air a as the LP gas g ′ flows and mixes it in a required ratio.
The calorie (cal) of the biogas b is extremely small, so that the mixing ratios of both the mixers 16a and 16b are the same, but the mixing ratios of the mixers 16a and 16b are respectively corresponding to the air a and the biogas b. It can be.

The biogas utilization apparatus of this embodiment has the above-described configuration. Now, the on-off valve 11 and the inlet valve 12a of the cylinder P are opened, and LP gas g (for example, C ₃ H ₈ 95% or more is supplied to the gas supply path 10). 1 MPa, 24000 cal), and the outlet gas pressure of the cushion tank T1 of the garbage processor A is less than 5 kPa, the on-off valve R1 is open. By this opening, the gas pressure in one mixer 16a is lowered, the on-off valve R2 is closed, and the biogas supply path 20 is closed.
For this reason, the LP gas g reaches the pressure reducing valve 14 via the normally open closing valve 13 and is reduced to a required pressure (for example, medium pressure of about 0.11 MPa), and then mixes the pair via the ON-OFF valve 15. Since the intake ports of both the mixers 16a and 16b are open to the atmosphere, LP gas g 'and LP gas g' It is mixed (for example, 11000 cal) (for example, 11000 cal) into the required ratio of air a (for example, LP gas g ′: air a = 6: 4 (volume ratio)) and sent to the cushion tank T.

  On the other hand, when the outlet gas pressure of the cushion tank T1 of the garbage processor A is equal to or higher than a required pressure (for example, 5 kPa), the on-off valve R1 is closed, and the inlet of one mixer 16a is connected to the cushion tank T1. Connected to the exit. Further, the gas pressure in one mixer 16a increases to the injection pressure (for example, 0.09 MPa) by closing the on-off valve R1, the pressure in the vicinity of the nozzle in the mixer 16a becomes negative, and the on-off valve R2 The biogas supply path 20 is opened and the biogas b reaches one mixer 16a. For this reason, in one mixer 16a, when LP gas g 'decompressed to the required pressure by the pressure reducing valve 14 flows through the mixer 16a, the biogas b is sucked from the cushion tank T1 of the garbage processor A. Then, LP gas g ′ is mixed in a required ratio (made gas b ′) and sent to the cushion tank T.

Even when the on-off valve R1 is opened or closed, if the outlet valve 12b is opened, the LP gas g ″ that has been pressure-regulated from the cushion tank T by the pressure-regulating valve 17 (for example, 2.1 kPa). Alternatively, a mixed gas g _{b of} LP gas g ″ and biogas b ′ (for example, the same 11000 cal gas as the city gas) is sent to the gas engine E to be a driving source (combustion source). That is, utilization of biogas b is achieved. The outlet valve 12b is opened during operation of this device.

The apparatus of the above-described embodiment can be installed in an area where city gas is not drawn because the biogas b is sucked and mixed by the LPG cylinder P, but it can be installed in an area where city gas is drawn. Of course. In that case, it is preferable to take in city gas c to this apparatus, for example, the structure of FIG. 2 is employ | adopted.
As shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus incorporating the city gas c includes a gas supply path 30 for city gas c of 13A, 2.3 kPa (11000 cal), a manual open / close valve 31 and a diaphragm type open / close valve R3 arranged in parallel. To the raw material gas supply path 10 immediately before the gas engine E. The latter on-off valve R3 is introduced (applied) with the outlet gas pressure of the cushion tank T1, and closes when the pressure reaches a required pressure, for example, 5 kPa or more.

As shown in FIG. 3, in this biogas utilization apparatus, when the outlet gas pressure of the cushion tank T1 of the garbage disposal machine A is a required pressure, for example, 5 kPa or more, the on-off valve R3 is closed. While not supplied to the engine E, as described above, the on-off valve R1 is closed, and the mixed gas b ′ of the biogas b and the LP gas g ′ is generated by the one mixer 16a. For this reason, the gas g _b (mixed gas of gas g ″ and gas b ′) regulated by the pressure regulating valve 17 from the cushion tank T is sent to the gas engine E and becomes a driving source thereof. That is, combustion by the bio-mixed gas g _b been attempted use of biogas b is performed.

On the other hand, if the outlet gas pressure of the cushion tank T1 is less than the required pressure (5 kPa), the on-off valve R3 is opened and the city gas c is connected to the gas engine E. At this time, since the pressure (2.3 kPa) of the city gas c is set higher than the discharge pressure (for example, 2.1 kPa) of the pressure regulating valve 17 of the source gas supply path 10, the city gas c is supplied to the gas engine E. Supplied. That is, combustion with city gas c is performed.
In addition, when the supply switching of the gas g _b and the gas c to the gas engine E is automatically performed regardless of the differential pressure between the discharge gas g _{b of the} pressure regulating valve 17 and the city gas c, for example, source gas supply A switching valve can be provided at the junction of the path 10 and the city gas supply path 30 so that one of the supply paths 10 and 30 can be selectively connected to the gas engine E. The operation of this switching valve can be appropriately selected a gas that can be supplied (to be supplied) when the gas is cheap (gas g _b or city gas c) or one of the gases is not supplied. Like that. At this time, the city gas c after the valve R3 can be introduced (applied) to the switching valve, the switching valve is a diaphragm type, and the pressure regulator 17 side is always connected to the gas engine E so that the city gas c is applied. Then, the city gas supply path 30 is connected to the gas engine E.

In both biogas utilization devices, each valve 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, R1, R2, R3 is operated as a diaphragm type by gas introduction (application). do not need. For this reason, even if it is installed in an area where there is no power supply, or installed in an area where power supply is interrupted due to an earthquake or the like, it can operate as long as the gases g and c are supplied.
In addition, it is preferable that this biogas utilization apparatus manufactures the thing incorporating the part S enclosed by the chain line in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 in a factory, and brings it into a biogas generation facility and installs it. In this portion S, the apparatus in which the valves R1, R2 and the gas path related thereto are omitted does not require a power source, and therefore can be used as an emergency power source when the power source is interrupted due to an earthquake or the like. In this case, the gas engine E is used for driving the generator. The number of mixers 16a and 16b may be one (it is not necessary to use a parallel circuit), and the mixing ratio is appropriately changed.

In the above embodiment, the Venturi mixer is used for the mixers 16a and 16b. However, other mixers (mixers) can be used as appropriate as long as the effects of the present invention are exhibited. The number of the mixers 16a and 16b is arbitrary as three or more, and the biogas b can be sucked and mixed with the at least one mixer. Only the biogas b can be introduced into one mixer 16a. At this time, the introduction is opened and closed by the valve R1, and the valve R1 is interposed in the biogas supply path 20 (does not have an opening to the atmosphere).
Further, the means for generating biogas b is not limited to the garbage processing machine A, and any means can be used as long as the livestock waste processing machine or the like and the effects of the present invention are exhibited, and the gas engine E also uses gas. Any drive unit (combustor) may be used.
Further, in the above embodiment, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is used as a main raw material, and the biogas b is sucked and mixed by the gas g ′ from the raw material gas cylinder P. It goes without saying that various gases (cylinder P) such as liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be used.

Thus, it should be thought that embodiment disclosed this time is an illustration and restrictive at no points. The scope of the present invention is defined by the terms of the claims, and is intended to include any modifications within the scope and meaning equivalent to the terms of the claims.
Incidentally, in the embodiment of FIG. 1, it can be considered that the gas supply path 10 to both the mixers 16a and 16b is a supply path of the city gas c. At this time, the previous circuit including the ON-OFF valve 15 is not necessary and is omitted.

A Garbage disposal machine E Gas engine P LP gas cylinder T, T1 Cushion tank R1, R2, R3 On-off valve a Air b Biogas c City gas g, g ', g''LP gas (raw gas)
g _b Mixed gas of raw material gas and biogas 10 Raw material gas supply path 13 Stop valve 14 Pressure reducing valve 15 ON-OFF valve 16a One mixer (Venturi mixer)
16b The other mixer (Venturi mixer)
17 Pressure regulator 20 Biogas supply path

Claims (4)

Two gas mixers (16a, 16b) are provided in parallel to the gas supply path (10) from the source gas cylinder (P) to the gas driver (E), and the source gas cylinder is provided in one of the mixers (16a). The vaporized gas (g ′) from (P) is circulated and the required ratio of biogas (b) is sucked and mixed, and the vaporized gas (g ′) is circulated in the other mixer (16b). Aspirate and mix the required proportion of air (a),
In addition, the city gas supply path (30) to the gas driver (E) is connected to the raw material gas supply path (10) immediately before the gas driver (E), and the city gas supply path (30) is connected to the city gas supply path (30). An on-off valve (R3) that closes when the biogas (b) is above a required pressure is provided. Two gas mixers (16a, 16b) are provided in parallel to the gas supply path (10) from the source gas cylinder (P) to the gas driver (E), and the source gas cylinder is provided in one of the mixers (16a). The vaporized gas (g ′) from (P) is circulated and the required ratio of biogas (b) is sucked and mixed, and the vaporized gas (g ′) is circulated in the other mixer (16b). Aspirate and mix the required proportion of air (a),
And the biogas utilization apparatus characterized by controlling the valve interposed in the said gas supply path (10) by gas pressure, and not controlling the whole apparatus by electricity.   2. The gas supply path (10) and the city gas supply path (30) are controlled by a gas pressure, and the whole apparatus is not controlled by electricity. The biogas utilization apparatus described in 1.   When the biogas (b) is less than the required pressure, the one mixer (16a) stops the suction / mixing of the biogas (b) and switches to the suction / mixing of air (a). The biogas utilization apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 3.

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