JP6160017B1 - Filtration apparatus and filtration method - Google Patents

Abstract

To provide a filtration device provided with a cleaning means for effectively removing deposits adhering to the surface of a filtration filter. Moreover, the filtration method provided with the washing | cleaning process of removing the deposit | attachment adhering to the surface of the filtration filter effectively is provided. A filtration apparatus according to the present invention includes a filtration container having a supply port for an object to be processed and a discharge port for an object to be processed; a cylindrical filtration filter provided in the filtration container for filtering the object to be processed; A filter cleaning means for injecting compressed gas toward the outer surface of the filtration filter and removing deposits adhering to the outer surface of the filtration filter, wherein the filter cleaning means generates the compressed gas. A generating device, a nozzle disposed outside the filtration filter, and a regulating valve for adjusting an injection amount of the compressed gas generated by the compressed gas generating device, wherein the nozzle includes a hollow tube, It has a hole for injecting the compressed gas provided along the axial direction of the cylinder. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to a filtration device and a filtration method. In particular, the present invention relates to a filtration apparatus that includes a cleaning unit that injects compressed gas toward the outer surface of the filter and removes deposits attached to the outer surface of the filter. Moreover, it is related with the filtration method which has the process of removing the said deposit | attachment.

  As a method of removing the deposits attached to the outer surface of the filter, there is a method of injecting compressed gas from the inside of the filter and removing it by the injection pressure. Patent Document 1 discloses a dust collector using this method. This dust collector includes a vertically arranged cylindrical pleated filter, an element cone provided inside the filter, and a large-diameter nozzle provided above the element cone. And at the time of washing | cleaning, compressed air is discharge | released with a pulse of 100 mS from a nozzle. Then, the strong dense waves are reflected by the element cone and collide with the inner surface of the filter, and dust adhering to the outer surface of the filter is scattered by 500 to 1000 mm.

  There are also dust collectors that do not require cleaning of the filter, and examples thereof include those described in Patent Document 2. This dust collector uses a filter formed by thermocompression bonding of thick synthetic fibers of 2 to 20 μm. And this filter has the self-cleaning performance which dusts, such as oil smoke and an oil drop, adhere to a fiber, and even if it aggregates, it will liquefy and flow down.

However, in the method of injecting compressed air from the inside of the filter as in Patent Document 1, a part of the injected compressed air hits the filter and rebounds to the inside. Therefore, the compressed air newly injected toward the filter Then, there was a problem that the compressed air that bounced off the filter collided and the wind speed of the newly injected compressed air dropped. If the air velocity of the compressed air drops, there is a problem that it is difficult to remove the adhering matter adhering to the outer surface of the filter, especially when paper dust, fibrous dust, dust with high water content, etc. are stacked between the pleat filters. It was difficult to remove. In order to solve this, a method of increasing the air pressure when the compressed air is injected from the nozzle can be considered, but there are disadvantages such as an increase in running cost.
In addition, when compressed air is injected from the inside of the filter, the entire pleated filter swells outward and entraps deposits between the ridges, resulting in a demerit that the amount of peeling is significantly reduced.

  Further, as in Patent Document 2, a filter having a self-cleaning performance can also be used, but there is a problem that filter options are limited. In particular, while a highly economical dust collector using a general filter is desired, the fact that the filter options are limited is a major disadvantage.

JP-A-10-230121 JP 2010-201329 A

  Therefore, a main problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a filtration apparatus including a cleaning unit that effectively removes deposits attached to the surface of the filtration filter. Moreover, it is providing the filtration method provided with the process of removing the deposit | attachment adhering to the surface of the filtration filter effectively.

The present invention for solving this problem is as follows.
[Invention of Claim 1]
A filtration container having a supply port for the object to be processed and a discharge port for the filtrate ;
A cylindrical filtration filter provided in the filtration container, the outer surface of which is a filtration surface and the inside of which is a filtrate passage ;
A filter that injects compressed gas toward the outer surface of the filtration filter in a state where the object to be processed is discharged from the gap between the filtration container and the filtration filter, and peels the cake formed on the outer surface of the filtration filter Cleaning means,
The filter cleaning means includes
A compressed gas generating device for generating compressed gas;
A nozzle disposed outside the filtration filter;
A control valve for adjusting the injection amount of the compressed gas generated by the compressed gas generation device,
The said nozzle has a hollow cylinder and the hole which inject | emits the said compressed gas provided along the axial direction of the said cylinder.

(Function and effect)
By injecting compressed gas from the outside of the filter to the outer surface of the filter and applying the compressed gas directly to the deposit adhered to the outer surface of the filter, the physical action on the deposit increases, The removal effect can be enhanced. As in the prior art, the deposit can be removed with a pressure lower than that when the deposit is removed by applying compressed gas to the back surface of the filter. In addition, since the physical action on the deposits is large as described above, even if paper dust, fibrous dust, dust with a large amount of moisture, etc. are stacked between the pleat filters, these deposits are removed. Can be removed.
Moreover, since the hole which injects compressed gas is provided along the axial direction of a hollow cylinder and the compressed gas inject | emitted from the hole hits a filtration filter in a line form, a filtration filter can be wash | cleaned in a line form. That is, the cleaning time can be shortened because the cleaning is performed in a line rather than only one place at a time. At the same time, it is possible to avoid the inhomogeneity of being washed or not washed depending on the location of the filter.

[Invention of Claim 2]
The shape of the tube of the nozzle is a straight line,
The cylinder is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter,
The tube is provided with a plurality of dotted holes at predetermined intervals along the axial direction of the tube,
The said dotted | punctate hole is a filtration apparatus of Claim 1 provided in the side facing the said filtration filter among cylinder walls.

(Function and effect)
Since the compressed gas ejected from the holes strikes the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter in a line, the filtration filter can be evenly washed in the longitudinal direction.

[Invention of Claim 3]
The shape of the tube of the nozzle is a straight line,
The cylinder is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter,
The tube is provided with a slit-like hole extending along the axial direction of the tube,
The said slit-shaped hole is a filtration apparatus of Claim 1 provided in the side which faces the said filtration filter among cylinder walls.

(Function and effect)
There exists an effect similar to Claim 2.

[Invention of Claim 4]
The shape of the tube of the nozzle is annular,
The cylinder is disposed around an outer surface of the filtration filter;
The cylinder is provided with at least one of a plurality of dot-like holes spaced at predetermined intervals along the axial direction of the cylinder or a slit-like hole extending along the axial direction of the cylinder,
The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the dot-like hole or the slit-like hole is provided on a side of the cylindrical wall facing the filtration filter.

(Function and effect)
Since the compressed gas ejected from the holes strikes the filter filter in the circumferential direction, the filter can be evenly cleaned in the circumferential direction.
In particular, in the case of a linear nozzle (line nozzle or dot nozzle), in order to apply compressed gas to the entire circumference (360 degrees) of the filtration filter, the filtration filter is rotated or around the filtration filter. However, in the case of a ring-shaped nozzle, the compressed gas can be applied to the entire circumference (360 degrees) of the filtration filter without doing so.

[Invention of Claim 5]
The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of the annular nozzles are provided along a longitudinal direction of the filtration filter.

(Function and effect)
The filter can be washed not only uniformly in the circumferential direction but also equally in the longitudinal direction.

[Invention of Claim 6]
The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein the annular nozzle is connected to a power generator that moves the nozzle along a longitudinal direction of the filtration filter.

(Function and effect)
The same effect as that of claim 5 is achieved.
Further, the manufacturing cost can be reduced as compared with the case where a plurality of annular nozzles are provided.

[Invention of Claim 7]
A filtration step of filtering the object to be processed using a cylindrical filtration filter provided in the filtration container, the outer surface of which is a filtration surface and the inside of which is a filtrate passage ;
A draining step of discharging the object to be processed from the gap between the filtration container and the filtration filter;
A step of injecting compressed gas toward the outer surface of the filtration filter and peeling the cake formed on the outer surface of the filtration filter,
The washing step includes
A generating step of generating a compressed gas with a compressed gas generating device;
An injection step of injecting the compressed gas toward an outer surface of the filtration filter through a hole provided along an axial direction of the nozzle.

(Function and effect)
There exists an effect similar to Claim 1.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the deposit | attachment adhering to the surface of the filtration filter can be removed effectively.

It is structure explanatory drawing of the filtration apparatus which concerns on 1st Example. It is explanatory drawing of a filtration filter (a cleaning apparatus is abbreviate | omitting illustration). It is sectional drawing of the cake of a dehydration drying process, a filtration membrane, and a filter support body. It is explanatory drawing (sectional drawing) that heated air flows through a heated gas channel from the bottom to the top. It is explanatory drawing (sectional drawing) that heated air flows through a heated gas channel from the top to the bottom. It is explanatory drawing (sectional drawing) that heated air flows through a heating gas path from the top to the center, and from the bottom to the center. It is a perspective view (partially broken view) of the ridge of a pleat filter. It is a perspective view of a cylindrical filter. It is structure explanatory drawing at the time of using a horizontal type | mold filtration apparatus (a cleaning apparatus is abbreviate | omitting illustration). It is a flowchart of a filtration process. It is a flowchart of a drainage process. It is a flowchart of a dehydration drying process. It is a flowchart of a washing | cleaning process. It is a cross-sectional view of the filtration apparatus which has arrange | positioned the ring-shaped nozzle. It is a cross-sectional view of a filtration device in which a plurality of compressed gas generation devices are arranged on a ring-shaped nozzle. It is sectional drawing of the nozzle which concerns on this invention. Both (16a) and (16b) have a circular cross-sectional shape, (16a) shows a case where one hole is provided in the cross-sectional view, and (16b) shows a case where two holes are provided in the cross-sectional view. It is explanatory drawing of the liquid residue in a cylinder whose cross-sectional shape is a rectangle. As the state changes from the state (17a) to the state (17c) through the state (17b), the amount of slurry decreases. It is explanatory drawing of the liquid residue in a cylinder whose cross-sectional shape is a rectangle. As the state of (18a) changes to the state of (18c) through the state of (18b), the amount of slurry decreases. It is explanatory drawing of operation | movement of the automatic opening / closing lid attached to the pipe | tube. It shows that the state changes from the state (19a) to the state (19b) and from the state (19b) to the state (19c). The reverse change is also possible. It is explanatory drawing that a cylinder swings. It shows that the state changes from the state of (20a) to the state of (20b) and from the state of (20b) to the state of (20c). The reverse change is also possible. It is a side view of a line-shaped nozzle. It is a perspective view which shows the positional relationship of a line-shaped nozzle and a filtration filter. It is a side view of a dot-shaped nozzle. It is a perspective view which shows the positional relationship of a dot-shaped nozzle and a filtration filter. It is a cross-sectional view of a horizontal filtration apparatus that filters contaminated air. It is a cross-sectional view of a vertical filtration apparatus (nozzle movement type) that filters contaminated air. It is a cross-sectional view of a vertical filtration apparatus (multiple nozzle type) that filters contaminated air. It is a perspective view of a ring-shaped nozzle. (28a) shows a case where a slit-like hole is provided, and (28b) shows a case where a dot-like hole is provided. It is a top view which shows other embodiment.

  Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described. In addition, the following description and drawings show only one embodiment of the present invention, and the contents of the present invention should not be limited to this embodiment.

(Subject A)
Examples of the processing object A to be filtered by the filtering device 10 according to the present invention include, for example, tunnel premises drainage, spraying raw plant drainage, die slime recovery drainage, batcher plant drainage, river construction dry pit drainage, and deep foundation work. Drainage, grout construction drainage, shield construction drainage, shield surplus muddy water, dredging landfill drainage, caisson construction drainage, cast-in-place pile drainage, floor surface washing drainage, well point construction drainage, foundation construction yard drainage, tire washing drainage, core boring drainage, Diamond cutter drainage, soil contamination excavation yard drainage, VOC decomposition cleaning drainage, incinerator demolition cleaning drainage, radioactive decontamination work drainage, wire saw cutting drainage, water jet cutting drainage, paper mill process drainage, pulp mill process drainage, Food factory cleaning wastewater, ready-mix factory cleaning wastewater, secondary concrete Industrial wastewater, Crushed stone yard wastewater, Gas cleaning scrubber wastewater, Waste incinerator quenching tower wastewater, Converter gas cleaning wastewater, Arc furnace gas cleaning wastewater, Silver recovery process wastewater, Sand washing device wastewater, Water washing neutralization wastewater, Barrel polishing wastewater , Electropolishing drainage, glass polishing drainage, wet blast drainage, spray coating booth drainage, cationic coating drainage, stainless steel pickling drainage, raw material yard drainage, raw material conveyor cleaning drainage, accumulated dust wet recovery drainage, factory yard drainage, continuous casting drainage, Rolling cooling drainage, dehumidifying drain drainage, immersion cutting yard drainage, slag yard drainage, ship bottom bilge drainage, shipbuilding dog drainage, shellfish drainage, cooling tower blow drainage, dyeing factory drainage, milk plant washing drainage, tunnel wall washing drainage, building Examples of such wastewater include exterior wall washing drainage, car washing drainage, golf course drainage, and industrial disposal site leachate.

In addition, the to-be-processed object A is not restricted to the liquid illustrated above, A gas and solid may be sufficient. For example, the object A may be air contaminated with dust such as oil smoke or oil droplets scattered during rolling, drawing, cutting, biodiesel production, or the like. Examples of the dust trapped by the filter 12 include die oil mist, turbine oil mist, compressor oil mist, oil diffusion vacuum pump exhaust oil smoke, food fryer fume, oil quenching / heat treatment smoke, and plating fume. Can do. The location and origin of the dust to be captured is not particularly limited. For example, cutting oil (water-soluble cutting oil, mineral oil cutting oil, etc.), lubricant / release agent (for high-temperature press etc.) ) Or other liquid-derived dust.
Further, the object A may be a powder or fluid having elasticity or compressibility such as rubber or sponge.

(First embodiment)
In the filtration device 10 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the object to be processed A (for example, slurry) is filtered by the filter 12 in the hermetically sealed filtration container 11, and the object to be processed B (for example, filtrate) and the cake K are filtered. This is a device for filtering the entire amount to be discharged (dead end filtration). When discharging the cake K in the filtration device 10, the cake K is first dehydrated and dried using the heated gas HA, and then the dried cake K is peeled off from the filter 12 using the compressed gas WA for washing. The flow is such that the peeled cake K is discharged from the discharge port. This flow will be described in detail later. First, the configuration of the filtration device 10 will be described.

(Filtration container 11)
The filtration device 10 has a filtration container 11. A cake discharge chute 11S is provided at the lower part of the filtration container 11, and a cylindrical filtration filter built-in portion 11U is continuous upward from the cake discharge chute 11S. The shape of the filtration container 11 is not limited to the above shape, and may be changed to any shape such as a shape without the cake discharge chute 11S.

(Cylindrical body 12s)
Inside the filtration container 11, there is provided a cylindrical body 12s in which a permeation hole for the filtrate B is formed on the wall surface and a filtrate passage 12r is formed inside. The shape and orientation of the cylindrical body 12 s are not particularly limited, but in the illustrated example, the cylindrical body is cylindrical, and the central axis thereof is disposed in the filtration container 11 in a posture along the vertical direction of the filtration container 11. In addition, the shape of the cylindrical body 12s may be changed to any known shape such as a rectangular tube shape, and the filtration container 11 is arranged so that the central axis of the cylindrical body 12s is inclined obliquely. It may be installed inside.

The illustrated cylindrical body 12s is a cylindrical plate having a perforation hole such as punching metal, and the space in the cylindrical body 12s serves as a filtrate passage 12r. Further, baffle plates (flat plates in the illustrated embodiment) 21u and 21d are respectively provided in the horizontal direction at the upper and lower portions in the cylindrical body 12s. Of the baffle plates 21u and 21d, at least the lower baffle plate 21d is fixed to the inner surface of the cylindrical body 12s by spot welding. Therefore, there is a gap between the inner surface of the cylindrical body 12s and the edge of the lower baffle plate 21d, and the filtrate B flowing down the filtrate passage 12r and reaching the upper surface of the baffle plate 21d passes through this gap. , It flows down to the filtrate discharge pipe 14.
The cylindrical body 12s has a function of guiding the heated air HA into the heated gas passage 22 in cooperation with the baffle plates 21u and 21d, in addition to the function of forming the filtrate passage 12r therein.

(Filtration membrane 12m)
A filtration membrane 12m is formed outside the wall surface of the cylindrical body 12s. Since this filtration membrane 12m has a large surface area (filtration area), it is preferable to use a pleat filter formed in a cylindrical shape by winding a flat filter medium in a zigzag manner and winding it around the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical body 12s. it can. As described above, a plurality of wrinkles are generated by bending in a zigzag manner. Moreover, the upper end and lower end of the ridge are covered with nonwoven fabrics 12mT and 12mD arranged in the horizontal direction.

The filtration membrane 12m can be a single layer or multiple layers. For example, polyester, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) resin, stainless steel, nylon, or the like can be used as a material (filter medium) of the filtration membrane 12m. Moreover, it is preferable to use a material with good wettability (hydrophilic material) as the material of the filtration membrane 12m. Wettability is shown by measuring the contact angle θ between the solid surface and the tangent of the droplet, the solid / gas interfacial tension γ _VS , the liquid / gas interfacial tension γ _LV , and the liquid / solid interfacial tension. Determined by interfacial tension γ _LS . The relationship between the contact angle and the interfacial tension can be expressed by the following formula 1 (Young's formula).
γ _VS = γ _LS + γ _LV cos θ Equation 1
It should be noted that the surface of the material is made hydrophilic by using a method of irradiating plasma (a material having a contact angle θ of 90 degrees or more), a method of irradiating with ultraviolet rays (UV), a method of chemical treatment, etc. It is also possible to do. However, such materials return to hydrophobic again when placed in the atmosphere, and the period during which hydrophilicity can be maintained is short. Accordingly, it is preferable to use a hydrophilic material (a material having a contact angle θ of less than 90 degrees). In particular, it is preferable to use a superhydrophilic material (a material having a contact angle θ of less than 5 degrees).
As a specific material of the filtration membrane 12m, for example, G2260-1S BK0 of polyester long fiber nonwoven fabric “Axter” (registered trademark) manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc. can be used.

The thickness of the filtration membrane 12m is preferably 0.3 to 0.7 mm, more preferably 0.6 mm. Further, the fiber diameter (projected area equivalent circle diameter, Heywood diameter; hereinafter the same) of the filter medium is preferably 0.5 to 20 μm, more preferably 7 μm. When a fiber having a fiber diameter smaller than 0.5 μm is used, the resistance during filtration increases and the apparent surface area decreases. Moreover, when a fiber having a fiber diameter larger than 20 μm is used, suspended particles (filtered object) permeate through the filtration membrane 12 m and the cake K cannot be formed.
Therefore, it is preferable to form the filter membrane 12m having a certain degree of eye roughness using a filter medium having a fiber diameter of 0.5 to 20 μm. With the filtration membrane 12m having such a certain degree of roughness, suspended particles penetrate the eyes of the filtration membrane 12m and form a coating layer at the time of filtration. Therefore, the coating layer is used as a new filtration filter 12. can do. On the other hand, at the time of dehydration drying, the apparent surface area increases and the area of the filtration membrane 12m directly hit by the heated gas HA increases, so that the filtration membrane 12m (and hence the cake K) can be easily dehydrated and dried. In addition, since the heated gas HA directly hits the suspended particles that have entered the eyes of the filtration membrane 12m, the suspended particles can be directly dehydrated and dried, and in addition to the capillary phenomenon via the filtration membrane 12m, Since capillary action also occurs, the dehydration drying speed of the cake K can be increased.

  The length of the filtration membrane 12m in the longitudinal direction can be, for example, 300 mm to 2000 mm.

  In this embodiment, the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m refers to the surface facing the filtration container 11 side, and refers to the surface with which the slurry A before filtration contacts. On the other hand, the back surface 12b of the filtration membrane 12m refers to the surface facing the cylindrical body 12s side, and refers to the surface from which the slurry A is discharged after passing through the filtration membrane 12m. Moreover, the surface Kf of the cake K means the surface which faces the filtration container 11 side, and means the surface which contacts the slurry A before filtration. On the other hand, the back surface Kb of the cake K refers to the surface facing the cylindrical body 12s side, and refers to the surface in contact with the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m.

Further, since the compressed gas WA is directly sprayed onto the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m, it is preferable to use a filtration membrane 12m having a predetermined strength or higher so that the filtration membrane 12m is not damaged by the shock wave of the compressed gas WA. For example, in the measuring method of JIS L-1906, it is preferable to use a material having a tensile strength (N / 5 cm) length of 1200, a width of 700, and a bursting strength (kgf / cm ² ) length of 25.

(Pre-coating layer)
In addition, when the particle diameter of the suspended particles (filter target) contained in the slurry A is smaller than the size of the filter medium, the filtration accuracy is deteriorated. In addition, in the case of a highly adherent slurry such as a gel or colloid (for example, bentonite slurry, slurry using a coagulant, or algae or laver slurry), the filter medium is likely to be clogged. Therefore, in such a case, it is preferable to form a pre-coating layer made of diatomaceous earth, zeolite or the like in order to prevent problems.

(Flocculant)
Further, instead of forming the pre-coating layer, an aggregating agent (aggregating sedimentation agent) that aggregates suspended particles can be used. Since the suspended particles are aggregated by the aggregating agent, the suspended particles and the filtrate B can be separated even if the eyes of the filter medium 12m are larger than the suspended particles. As this aggregating agent, polyaluminum chloride (PAC), highly basic aluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, aluminum sulfate or the like can be used.

(Filter support 25)
In addition, a support plate (filter support 25) in which a honeycomb mesh, a metal net, or the like is bent in a zigzag manner along the shape of the ridge is provided on the inner surface of the ridge (so as to contact the back surface 12b of the filtration membrane 12m). preferable. As the cake K is laminated on the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m, the pleat filter's wrinkles may be crushed and the space in the wrinkles may be lost. It is possible to prevent and maintain the space (heated gas passage 22) in the basket through which the heated air HA flows.

(Supplying means, discharging means)
A supply pipe 13 for the object to be processed A is attached to one end side of the filtration container 11. The storage tank (not shown) for storing the workpiece A and the filtration container 11 are connected by the supply pipe 13, and the workpiece A is sent from the storage tank to the filtration container 11 by a pressure feed pump (not shown). .
In addition, a filtrate discharge pipe 14 for discharging the filtrate B to the outside of the filtration container 11 passes through the side opposite to the supply pipe 13 of the filtration container 11. The filtrate discharge pipe 14 is led out of the filtration container 11 from the lower end opening of the filtrate passage 12r of the filtration filter 12, and is led to a storage tank and a drainage destination (not shown) through the filtrate discharge valve 14v.

(Pressure gas supply means)
The space 50 between the inner surface of the filtration container 11 and the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m is at the same height as the filtration filter 12 on the side wall of the filtration container 11 (any position between the upper end and the lower end of the filtration filter 12). In addition, a pressurized air supply pipe 15 for supplying pressurized gas CA (hereinafter also referred to as “pressured air”) at a pressure higher than the supply pressure by the slurry A supply means is opened. Although the opening position of the pressurized air supply pipe 15 can be determined as appropriate, it is provided at a height position above the filtration filter 12 in the illustrated embodiment. The pressurized air supply pipe 15 is connected to a compressor (not shown) via a pressurized air supply valve 15v. Moreover, not only air but nitrogen etc. can also be used for pressurized gas CA.

(First heating gas supply means)
A first heated gas supply pipe 16 </ b> A is connected to the filtrate discharge pipe 14. The heated gas HA is supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A and flows through the heated gas passage 22 from the lower side to the upper side. The first heated gas supply pipe 16A is connected to a blower such as a blower (not shown) via the first heated gas supply valve 16v1. As the heated gas HA, not only air but also nitrogen or the like can be used.

  The top surface 11T of the filtration container 11 positioned above the cylindrical body 12s is a first gas that is supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A and exhausts the heated gas HA (exhaust gas X3) after heating the filtration membrane 12m. The heated gas exhaust pipe 17A is connected. The first heated gas exhaust pipe 17A is provided with a first heated gas exhaust valve 17v1, and the flow rate of exhaust gas X3 exhausted to the outside of the filtration device 10 through the first heated gas exhaust pipe 17A, or not exhausted. Adjustments are being made.

(Second heating gas supply means)
A second heated gas supply pipe 16 </ b> B can be provided on the upper outer side of the filtration container 11. Another heated gas HA is supplied from the second heated gas supply pipe 16B and flows through the heated gas passage 22 from the upper side to the lower side. In the illustrated example, the heating gas HA is supplied to the first heating gas exhaust pipe 17A through the second heating gas supply pipe 16B. The second heated gas supply pipe 16B is connected to a blower such as a blower (not shown) via a second heated gas supply valve 16v2. The kind of heating gas HA and the kind of blower are the same as those of the first heating gas supply pipe 16A.

  Connected to the filtrate discharge pipe 14 is a second heated gas exhaust pipe 17B that exhausts the heated gas HA (exhaust gas X4) supplied from the second heated gas supply pipe 16B and heating the filtration membrane 12m. The second heated gas exhaust pipe 17B is provided with a second heated gas exhaust valve 17v2, and the flow rate of exhaust gas X4 exhausted out of the filtration device 10 through the second heated gas exhaust pipe 17B is adjusted and exhausted.・ Do not adjust.

(Third heated gas supply means)
The gap 50 between the inner surface of the filtration container 11 and the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m is at the same height as the filtration filter 12 on the side wall of the filtration container 11 (any position between the upper end and the lower end of the filtration filter 12). A third heated gas supply pipe 16C is connected to the heated gas HA under pressure. The third heated gas supply pipe 16C is connected to a blower such as a blower (not shown) via a third heated gas supply valve 16v3. The kind of heating gas HA and the kind of blower are the same as those of the first heating gas supply pipe 16A.

  While providing the 3rd heating gas exhaust pipe 17C in the side wall of the filtration container 11, the 3rd heating gas exhaust pipe 17C can also be provided with the 3rd heating gas exhaust valve 17v3. The heated gas HA supplied from the third heated gas supply pipe 16C hits the surface Kf of the cake K to heat the cake K, and then is exhausted out of the filtration container 11 through the third heated gas exhaust pipe 17C. In addition, when a vent hole is generated in the cake K due to dehydration drying of the cake K, a part of the heated gas HA supplied from the third heated gas supply pipe 16C is permeated through the vent hole of the cake K and the filtration membrane 12m. It flows to the gap 22 through the holes and the permeation holes of the support body 25 and merges with the other heated gas HA flowing up and down the gap 22. And it exhausts from the 17th heating gas exhaust pipe 17A or the 2nd heating gas exhaust pipe 17B according to the direction through which other heating gas HA flows. The third heated gas exhaust pipe 17C can also be used as a bypass heated gas exhaust pipe described later.

  The filtration device 10 according to the present invention preferably includes at least one of the first heated gas supply means and the second heated gas supply means. Using the heated gas HA supplied by these supply means, the filtration membrane 12m is heated from the back surface 12b side and dehydrated and dried. Moreover, the cake K adhering to the filtration membrane 12m is also indirectly dehydrated and dried with the dehydration drying from the back surface 12b side of the filtration membrane 12m. In order to accelerate the dehydration drying speed of the filter membrane 12m and the cake K, as shown in FIG. 1, all of the first heating gas supply means, the second heating gas supply means, and the third heating gas supply means are provided. Anyway.

(Cake discharging means)
The cake discharge chute 11S has a cake discharge valve 19 constituted by a butterfly valve having a lower end opening as a valve seat. By opening and closing the cake discharge valve 19, the cake discharge state and the sealed state can be switched. ing. The structure of the cake discharge valve 19 is not particularly limited, and a separate valve device may be connected below the cake discharge chute 11S. Moreover, you may use well-known valves other than a butterfly valve.

  In this embodiment, a drain pipe 19p and a drain valve 19v are also provided as drain means for extracting the slurry A from the cake discharge chute 11S. In the illustrated embodiment, since the valve body 19b of the cake discharge valve 19 is located on the bottom surface of the filtration container 11, the drain pipe 19p is provided through the valve body 19b of the cake discharge valve 19, but the side wall of the cake discharge chute 11S is provided. It can also be provided at an appropriate position.

(Filter cleaning means 35)
As filtration is performed using the filtration device 10, the cake K accumulates on the outer surface 12 f of the filtration filter 12. When the cake K is deposited, the filtration capacity is lowered, and therefore it is necessary to surely peel and remove the cake K. Therefore, in the present invention, a filter cleaning means, that is, a cleaning device 35 is provided. The cleaning device 35 may be manufactured as a part of the filtration device 10, or may be manufactured as a separate product from the filtration device 10 and attached to the filtration device 10 later.

The cleaning device 35 is disposed outside the filtration filter 12.
The cleaning device 35 shown in FIG. 1 includes a ring-shaped nozzle 36 s disposed outside the filtration container 11, a compressed gas generation device 43 (also referred to as a compressor) that generates compressed gas WA for cleaning the filtration filter 12, and a generation. A tank 38 (also referred to as an air tank) for accumulating the compressed gas WA (the main tank 38B and the branch tank 38A can be exemplified), a ring-shaped nozzle 36s, a branch tank 38B, and a regulator 44 (as shown in FIG. 1). The injection amount of the compressed gas WA provided in the middle of the pipe 40 connecting each of the main tank 38A and the compressed gas generating device 43 and the pipe 40 connecting the ring-shaped nozzle 36s and the branch tank 38A may be provided. It has a regulating valve 39 (also referred to as an air pulse valve) for regulating. As shown in FIG. 28, the ring-shaped nozzle 36s includes a circular cylinder (a shape in a plan view) arranged so as to surround the outer peripheral surface of the filtration container 11, and an axial direction of the cylinder 42. At least one of a plurality of dot-shaped holes 37 (37D) arranged at predetermined intervals along the slit 42 and a slit-shaped hole 37 (37L) extending along the axial direction of the cylinder 42. . The point-like hole 37D or the slit-like hole 37L is provided on the side of the wall of the tube 42 facing the filtration filter 12 (the inner peripheral surface 42M of the tube 42). Further, in FIGS. 14, 15, and 28, the outer peripheral surface of the cylinder 42 is indicated as 42N.

  The inner peripheral surface of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is in contact with the outer surface of the filtration container 11 (packing or the like may be sandwiched), and the hole 37 (37D or 37L) of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is also formed in the filtration container 11 at the joined portion. Hereinafter, a hole (not shown) similar to the case of “hole 37” is provided. The compressed gas WA generated by the compressed gas generator 43 is discharged to the outer surface of the filtration filter 12 through the hole 37 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s and the hole of the filtration container 11. The compressed gas WA discharged from the hole 37 becomes a shock wave and collides with the filtration filter 12, and the cake K is peeled from the filtration filter 12 by the impact force. In this invention, the cake K can be peeled using such a shock wave (air pulse) by the compressed gas WA. In the conventional example, the compressed gas is sprayed on the inner surface of the filtration filter. However, since the shock wave of the compressed gas WA directly hits the cake K by spraying on the outer surface of the filtration filter 12 as in the present invention, the filtration filter 12 The cake K adhering to the film becomes easy to peel and remove.

  Moreover, although the cross section of the cylinder 42 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s of FIG. 1 is a rectangular shape as shown in FIG. 18, this cross-sectional shape can be changed arbitrarily. For example, the length of the section of the cylinder 42 in the height direction can be set to 25 to 70 mm, and the length in the horizontal direction can be set to 25 to 70 mm. The size of the cylinder 42 is determined by the size of the control valve 39. That is, as the size of the control valve 39 increases, the amount of the compressed gas WA sent from the compressed gas generating device 43 into the cylinder 42 increases, so that the cross-sectional area of the cylinder 42 is also increased so that it is injected from the hole 37. It is preferable to design so that the shock wave of the compressed gas WA is uniform and there is no pressure loss.

  The length 37h in the height direction of the hole 37 can be set to 1 to 3 mm, for example. When the length in the height direction is less than 1 mm, it is difficult to peel the cake K because the amount of the compressed gas WA to be injected is too small. Further, if it exceeds 3 mm, the amount of the compressed gas WA to be injected becomes too large, which may damage the filtration membrane 12m.

  Furthermore, when the cylinder 42 is viewed in plan, the length of the circumference of the central axis of the cylinder 42 is determined according to the length of the outer circumference of the filtration container 11 and the filtration filter 12, for example, 1000 to 1500 mm. it can.

  So far, the cylinder 42 having a rectangular cross-sectional shape has been described, but the cross-sectional shape can be arbitrarily changed, for example, a circular shape, a square shape, an elliptical shape, a polygonal shape, or the like. Moreover, although the cross-sectional shape of the outer surface 42a and the inner surface 42b of the cylinder 42 is often the same, it may be different. For example, the shape of the outer surface 42a may be a rectangle, and the shape of the inner surface 42b may be a circle.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 18, the hole 37 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is provided on the lower side in the height direction of the tube 42, but may be provided on the upper side or in the middle. As will be described in detail later, while the workpiece A (for example, slurry) is being filtered (filtering step), the gap A between the filtration container 11 and the filtration filter 12 is filled with the workpiece A. And in the draining process after a filtration process, the to-be-processed object A filled is discharged | emitted from the slurry discharge pipe 19p. At this time, when a ring-shaped nozzle 36s is provided in the filtration container 11 (the same applies to a line-shaped nozzle 36r and a dot-shaped nozzle 36d described later), the hole 37 is formed in the height direction of the cylinder 42 as shown in FIG. If it is in the center, there is a high possibility that the workpiece A entering the cylinder 42 will not be discharged from the cylinder 42 (see 17c in FIG. 17). Therefore, as shown in FIG. 18, it is preferable to provide a hole 37 on the lower side in the height direction of the cylinder 42, whereby the workpiece A can be reliably discharged from within the cylinder 42 (see 18 c in FIG. 18). ). In addition, when the hole 37 is provided at a position as shown in FIG. 17, a hole (not shown) for removing the slurry that has entered the cylinder 42 may be provided separately. In addition, when the to-be-processed object A is gas, it is not necessary to provide such a hole.

  In addition, when the hole 37 is provided in the height direction lower side of the cylinder 42, there exists a fault that the position which injects compressed gas WA will become a lower side. Therefore, when the injection position of the compressed gas WA is considered first, it is preferable to provide the hole 37 at the center in the height direction.

  FIG. 16 shows a cylinder 42 having a circular cross section. As shown in 16a of FIG. 16, the number of the holes 37 in the cross-sectional view of the cylinder 42 may be one, but may be two or more as shown in 16b of FIG. By increasing the number of holes 37, the area covered by the impact force of the shock wave can be expanded. On the other hand, by reducing the number of the holes 37 to one, there is an advantage that the impact force of the shock wave can be increased. Therefore, the number of the holes 37 in the cross-sectional view may be determined depending on which one is important. In addition, although the two holes 37 of FIG. 16b make an angle of about 45 degrees up and down from the horizontal direction, this angle can be arbitrarily changed. By setting the angle in this way, it is possible to peel the cake K which is accumulated in the valley (the base end side portion of the ridge) of the pleated filter 12 and is difficult to peel off.

  Further, an automatic opening / closing lid 41 that opens and closes the hole 37 may be provided on the outer surface or the inner surface of the cylinder 42. FIG. 19 shows a ring-shaped nozzle 36s having an automatic opening / closing lid 41 on the outer surface of the cylinder 42 (the same applies to a line-shaped nozzle 36r and a dot-shaped nozzle 36d described later). FIG. 19 shows a form in which the cross-sectional shape of the cylinder 42 is circular and holes 37 are provided on the upper and lower sides in the height direction. As shown by 19a in FIG. 19, the lid 41 is closed in the filtration step, and as shown in 19b and 19c in FIG. 19, the workpiece A is prevented from entering the cylinder 42 from the hole 37. The lid 41 can be opened and the compressed gas WA can be injected from the hole 37 in a predetermined direction. The automatic opening / closing lid 41 shown in FIG. 19 can be rotated 360 degrees in a sectional view, and the opening position of the hole 37 can be freely adjusted by rotating the lid 41 leftward or rightward. be able to. For example, only the lower hole 37 can be opened (meaning that it is not covered by the lid 41 in this paragraph) as shown in FIG. 19b, or both the upper and lower sides can be used as shown in FIG. 19c. The holes 37 and 37 can also be opened. Although not shown, only the upper hole 37 may be opened, and the opening position and degree of opening of the hole 37 (the degree of overlap between the lid 41 and the hole 37) is peeled according to the peeling state of the cake K. It is preferable to control so that the compressed gas WA is injected in the direction in which the cake K to be present exists.

  In addition, as a kind of compressed gas WA, although it is preferable to use air from an economical viewpoint, you may use nitrogen gas, argon, etc. which are nonflammable gas. Moreover, 0.1-0.6 MPa is suitable for the pressure when injecting this compressed gas WA. When the pressure is lower than 0.1 MPa, the cake K of the filtration filter 12 is difficult to peel off. When the pressure is higher than 0.6 MPa, the filtration membrane 12m may be damaged by the pressure of the compressed gas WA. The value of the injection pressure may be determined in consideration of the adhesion force of the cake K (the type of substance constituting the cake K, the water content, etc.).

  Moreover, in order to peel the cake K uniformly, it is desirable to inject the compressed gas WA to the entire outer peripheral surface of the filtration filter 12 at an equal pressure. Therefore, one branch tank 38A can be connected to one ring-shaped nozzle 36s as shown in FIG. 14, but two or more branch tanks 38A are connected as shown in FIG. It is more preferable to reduce the difference in the injection amount depending on the injection position. Specifically, when two or more branch tanks 38A are connected, the positions of the supply ports 45 (connection portions between the cylinder 42 and the pipe 40) of the pipe 40 connecting the cylinder 42 and the branch tank 38A may be equally spaced. preferable. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, when three branch tanks 38 </ b> A are provided, the supply ports 45 may be provided at intervals of 120 degrees with reference to the center point of the circular cylinder 42.

  Further, the number of control valves 39 attached to the ring-shaped nozzle 36r depends on the size of the filtration filter 12, the state of the workpiece A (whether the shape is hairy (it is difficult to remove in the case of hairy), It is preferable to determine whether or not the material is paper powder (easy to remove in the case of paper powder), whether or not the property is easily fixed to the filter 12, and the like. For example, when the workpiece A is dust having a weak adhesion to the filter 12, even if the amount of compressed gas ejected from the ring-shaped nozzle 36r is not uniform, the dust is removed (the dust is blown off). It is possible to remove dust.) One control valve 39 is sufficient. However, when it is difficult to remove, for example, when the adhesion of the workpiece A is strong, it is required to make the amount of compressed gas injected from the ring-shaped nozzle 36r uniform. One supply port is preferably provided (three control valves 39 are provided at intervals of 120 degrees).

  When a plurality of control valves 39 are provided in the ring-shaped nozzle 36r, the opening and closing of the control valves 39 are synchronized, and the holes are provided uniformly from all directions (360 degrees direction) of the hole 37 provided in the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder 42. It is preferable to inject a quantity of compressed gas WA simultaneously.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 1, only one ring-shaped nozzle 36s may be provided, but two or more ring-shaped nozzles 36s may be provided in order to clean the filtration filter 12 uniformly. For example, when three ring-shaped nozzles 36s are provided, as shown in FIG. 27, one is provided in the central portion of the filtration filter 12 in the axial direction (vertical direction in FIG. 27) and at both axial end portions. It is good to provide one by one. In FIG. 27, the compressed gas generator 43 and the main tank 38B, the main tank 38B and the regulator 44, and the regulator 44 and the three branch tanks 38A are connected by pipes 40, respectively. The compressed gas WA generated by the compressed gas generator 43 is temporarily accumulated in the main tank 38B. The compressed gas WA accumulated in the main tank 38B is distributed by the regulator 44 to each branch tank 38A at an equal pressure, and is accumulated in each branch tank 38A. Even when only one ring-shaped nozzle 36s is provided as shown in FIG. 26, it is preferable to provide the main tank 38B in order to continuously generate air pulses.

  In addition, when a plurality of ring-shaped nozzles 36s are provided in this way, the control valves 39 attached to the ring-shaped nozzles 36s need not be synchronized. That is, for example, the control valve 39 connected to the ring-shaped nozzle 36s disposed on the upper side in the vertical direction, the control valve 39 connected to the ring-shaped nozzle 36 disposed in the middle in the vertical direction, and the lower side in the vertical direction. The opening / closing timing of the control valve 39 connected to the ring-shaped nozzle 36 can be made different. Moreover, the pattern which injects compressed gas WA can be made into a recipe, and the timing can also be changed with the kind of to-be-processed object. For example, after the compressed gas WA is injected from the upper ring-shaped nozzle 36s in the vertical direction, the compressed gas WA is injected from the middle ring-shaped nozzle 36s in the vertical direction, and then the lower ring-shaped nozzle 36s in the lower vertical direction. A pattern in which the compressed gas WA is jetted from the nozzles and repeatedly jetted in this order can be used. When a plurality of such patterns are prepared, the pattern can be selected depending on the type of the workpiece A. For example, when the weight of the workpiece A is heavy, a cake K is likely to be formed on the lower side of the filtration filter 12, and therefore, a pattern to be sprayed first on the lower side of the filtration filter 12 may be selected. On the other hand, when the weight of the workpiece A is light, a cake K is likely to be formed on the upper side of the filtration filter 12, so that a pattern to be sprayed on the upper side of the filtration filter 12 may be selected first. When a plurality of ring-shaped nozzles 36 s are provided along the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter 12, when the injection timing of the compressed gas WA of each ring-shaped nozzle 36 s is simultaneously set, the compressed gas injected from the adjacent ring-shaped nozzles 36 s. Since the WAs interfere with each other to weaken the peeling effect of the cake K, it is better not to simultaneously inject the compressed gas WA from the adjacent ring nozzles 36s.

  Furthermore, when only one ring-shaped nozzle 36s is provided, the portion away from the ring-shaped nozzle 36s cannot be cleaned, so that the ring-shaped nozzle 36s can move in the axial direction of the filter 12 as shown in FIG. It is good to do so. When the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is moved, a motor as a power source, a gear as a force transmission means, a pulley and a belt, and the like can be provided.

  In FIG. 1, the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the filtration container 11, but the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s may be attached to the gap 50 between the inner surface of the filtration container 11 and the outer surface of the filtration filter 12. . In FIG. 1, since the pressurized air supply pipe 15, the third heated gas supply pipe 16C, and the third heated gas discharge pipe 17C are attached to the outer surface of the filtration container 11, the attachment position of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s and the nozzle 36s can be moved. Although the location is restricted (cannot be installed at the same position as each of the tubes 15, 16C, 17C), such a restriction is obtained by attaching a ring-shaped nozzle 36s between the inner surface of the filtration container 11 and the outer surface of the filtration filter 12. The freedom of design can be increased. Further, there is an advantage that it is not necessary to provide a hole corresponding to the ring-shaped nozzle 36s in the filtration container 11.

  However, when the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is attached between the inner surface of the filtration container 11 and the outer surface of the filter 12, the cake K blown off by the compressed gas WA may be deposited on the upper surface of the tube 42 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s. . In order to prevent this, a baffle plate or the like can be installed above the tube 42 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s, but there are design restrictions and the maintainability also deteriorates. Therefore, if anything, the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s is preferably arranged outside the filtration container 11.

  When the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s is installed in the filtration container 11, for example, a plurality of rod-shaped supports (illustrated) extending in the gap 50 between the inner surface of the filtration container 11 and the outer surface of the filtration filter 12. The ring-shaped nozzle 36s can be attached to the structure.

  Further, whether the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is installed in the filtration container 11 or outside the filtration container 11, the hole 37 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s and the outer surface of the filter 12 (in the case of a pleated filter) Is a distance L (see FIG. 14) between the top and the top located on the outside of the ridge is 50 mm or more, preferably 50 mm to 150 mm. When this distance is less than 50 mm, the cake K dropped from the filtration filter 12 is difficult to pass through the gap between the inner peripheral surface of the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s and the outer surface of the filter 12.

(Line nozzle 36r)
The ring-shaped nozzle 36s has been described above as an example. However, instead of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s shown in FIG. 1 and the like, a slit-shaped hole 37L extending along the axial direction of the cylinder 42 is provided in a linear cylinder 42. Alternatively, a line-shaped nozzle 36r provided with the above may be used. Note that the shape of the cylinder 42 of the line-shaped nozzle 36s and the dot-shaped nozzle 36d described later is not limited to a strictly straight line, and may be arbitrarily changed, such as a slightly curved shape or a refracted shape. good. That is, what is recognized as being linear as compared with the annular tube 42 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s is included.

  21 and 22, the tube 42 of the line-shaped nozzle 36 r is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter 12. It should be noted that the axial direction of the line-shaped nozzle 36r may be inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal direction of the pleat filter.

  In addition, the tube 42 of the line-shaped nozzle 36r is provided with an elongated (slit-shaped) hole 37L extending along the axial direction of the tube 42. The hole 37L can be provided in a straight line parallel to the axial direction of the cylinder 42, for example. The hole 37L of the present invention is not limited to such a form, and may be formed so as to intersect the axial direction of the cylinder 42 at a predetermined angle. Further, the shape of the cylinder 42 is not limited to a linear shape, and may be an arbitrary curved shape or may be provided on the wall surface of the cylinder 42 in a spiral shape. Further, the hole 37L may be provided from one end to the other end of the cylinder 42, but as shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, it may not be provided at the end of the cylinder 42 but only at the intermediate portion. . Further, in order to spray the compressed gas WA over the entire longitudinal direction of the filtration filter 12, it is preferable to provide the hole 37 </ b> L at a position facing the filtration filter 12. That is, as shown in FIG. 22, it is preferable to provide the circumferential wall surface of the cylinder 42 on the side facing the filtration filter 12 (side facing the filtration filter 12). On the other hand, if the hole 37L is provided at a position that does not face the filter 12, not only the cake K cannot be peeled off but also the compressed gas WA is unnecessarily injected, which is not preferable.

  Moreover, the length of the height direction of the hole 37L can be 1 to 3 mm, for example. The significance of setting this value is the same as in the case of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s. Moreover, the outer diameter of the cylinder 42 can be set to 34 to 76 mm, for example, and the inner diameter can be set to 27 to 68 mm, for example. Furthermore, the length of the central axis of the tube 42 is preferably the same as the length of the filtration membrane 12m in the longitudinal direction, and can be set to 300 to 2000 mm, for example.

  The compressed gas WA injected toward the outer surface 12f of the filtration filter 12 collides with the filtration filter 12, and then partially passes through the inside of the filtration membrane 12m and flows into the filtrate passage 12r. It flows laterally along the wall surface of the filter 12 (to the adjacent outer ridge).

(Dot-shaped nozzle 36d)
Although the ring-shaped nozzle 36s and the line-shaped nozzle 36r have been described above, a plurality of dot-shaped (dot-shaped) holes 37D are provided at predetermined intervals along the axial direction of the cylinder 42 in the linear cylinder 42. Alternatively, the dot-shaped nozzle 36d provided (with a predetermined pitch P) may be used. The cylinder 42 of the dot-shaped nozzle 36d can also be arranged in parallel along the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter 12, similarly to the line-shaped nozzle 36r. In addition, the point which does not necessarily need to be arrange | positioned in parallel is the same as that of the line-shaped nozzle 36r. In addition, the pitch P of the plurality of holes 37D (the length between the center points of the adjacent holes 37D and 37D) can be set to, for example, 10 to 30 mm. Note that the value of the pitch P can be set to the same value when a plurality of dot-shaped holes 37D are provided in the circle-shaped nozzle. Moreover, it is preferable that the position where the hole 37D is provided is in a direction facing the filtration filter 12, similarly to the line-shaped nozzle 36r. The shape of the hole 37D provided in the dot-shaped nozzle 36d and the ring-shaped nozzle 36s can be circular as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, or can be any shape such as a quadrangle. Further, since the pressure of the compressed gas WA is likely to be accumulated toward the distal end side (lateral right side in FIG. 25) of the linear tube 42, the diameter of the hole 37D on the distal end side is reduced and the proximal end side (left lateral direction in FIG. 25). The diameter of the hole 37D may be increased.

  In the line-shaped nozzle 36r and the dot-shaped nozzle 36d, as shown in FIG. 20, the cylinder 42 is rotated up and down around the axis of the cylinder 42, and the direction in which the compressed gas WA is ejected is arbitrarily changed. You may be able to do it.

  Whether the filter device 10 is provided with the ring-shaped nozzle 36s or the line-shaped nozzle 36r or the dot-shaped nozzle 36d may be determined depending on how the cake K is to be peeled off. That is, when it is desired to clean the entire circumference (360 degrees) of the filtration filter 12 with a single air pulse, the ring-shaped nozzle 36s may be selected. Similarly, when the entire longitudinal direction of the filtration filter 12 is desired to be cleaned with a single air pulse. The line-shaped nozzle 36r and the dot-shaped nozzle 36d may be selected. Further, the line-shaped nozzle 36r and the dot-shaped nozzle 36d have almost the same effect, and can be arbitrarily selected.

  In addition, when using the line-shaped nozzle 36r and the dot-shaped nozzle 36d, it is good to arrange | position these nozzles 36r and 36d below the filter 12 as shown in FIG. By spraying the compressed gas WA from the lower side to the filtration filter 12, there is an advantage that the peeled cake K easily falls to the cake discharge port 11S by gravity.

(Other means)
Preferably, a means for measuring the cake thickness on the cake adhering surface 12f of the filter 12 is provided (not shown). As a means for measuring the cake thickness, in addition to an apparatus for measuring the actual cake thickness, an apparatus for measuring the supply pressure of the slurry A and estimating the cake thickness based on the correlation between the supply pressure and the cake thickness may be used. .

(Filtering process)
Next, an example of the filtration process by the filtration device 10 will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the slurry supply valve 13v and the filtrate discharge valve 14v are opened (S1), and the pump 13P is activated (S2). Then, the slurry A is pressurized and supplied into the filtration container 11 through the slurry supply pipe 13 and is filtered by the filtration filter 12. At this time, the supply amount of the slurry A can be adjusted by adjusting the opening of the slurry supply valve 13v. Then, in the slurry A supplied into the filtration container 11, the liquid component passes through the filtration membrane 12 m and is discharged to the filtrate passage 12 r and is discharged as the filtrate B through the filtrate discharge pipe 14. At this time, the discharge amount of the filtrate B is adjusted by adjusting the opening degree of the filtrate discharge valve 14v. The suspended particles in the slurry A adhere to the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m and are stacked. As a result, cake K is deposited on the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m (S3).

  Then, the thickness (cake thickness) of the suspended particles deposited (laminated) on the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m is measured by means (not shown) for measuring the thickness of the cake K (S4). When this cake thickness grows to a predetermined level (if no cake thickness measuring means is provided, it may be determined whether or not a predetermined time has passed), and the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m is covered with the cake K, The pump 13P is stopped and the supply of the slurry A is stopped (S5). Thereafter, the slurry supply valve 13v is closed (S6). In addition, although the standard which stops supply of the slurry A can be determined suitably, it is preferable to carry out until the cake K becomes a state which cannot be ventilated. The thickness at which the cake K cannot pass is about 1 to 2 mm.

(Drainage process)
In the draining step, after the supply of the slurry A is stopped, the residual slurry A and filtrate B remaining in the filtration container 11 are discharged. The residual slurry A is discharged through the slurry discharge pipe 19p after opening the slurry discharge valve 19v disposed below the container 11, and the filtrate B is discharged while the filtrate discharge valve 14v is kept open. Perform through tube 14.

This draining process will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
When the supply of the slurry A is stopped and the filtration process is completed, the slurry A is normally in a full tank state where the slurry A has accumulated up to the upper part of the filtration container 11. From this state, first, the slurry discharge valve 19v is opened (S21), and the slurry A in the filtration container 11 is gradually discharged out of the filtration device 10 through the slurry discharge pipe 19p (S22). Then, the amount of slurry in the filtration container 11 gradually decreases, the liquid level of the slurry A falls, and the cake K attached to the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m appears from the slurry A. However, due to the adhesive force between the slurry A and the cake K, the cake K formed on the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m is lost, and the cake K is also discharged together with the slurry A being dragged.

  Accordingly, the slurry discharge valve 19v is opened and the pressurized air supply valve 15v is opened (S21). After the slurry is started to be discharged (S22), a compressor (not shown) is started (S23) to supply the pressurized air CA into the filtration container 11. It is preferable to do. The supplied pressurized air CA presses the cake K against the filtration surface 12 m and prevents the cake K from being peeled off by pressurization. Therefore, the supply of the pressurized air CA is continued until the liquid level of the slurry A reaches the lower end of the filtration filter 12 (S24), and the supply is terminated when the lower end is reached (S25). The supply of the pressurized air CA may be continued until the slurry A in the filtration container 11 is completely discharged. After the compressor is stopped (S25) and the slurry A is discharged from the filtration container 11, the filtrate discharge valve 14v, the pressurized air supply valve 15v, and the slurry discharge valve 19v are closed (S26), and the draining process is completed.

(Dehydration drying process)
Next, the dehydration drying process after the draining process will be described with reference to FIG.
First, the optional discharge valves 17v1, 17v2, 17v3 are opened (S31), the optional supply valves 16v1, 16v2, 16v3 are opened (S32), a heated air blower (not shown) is activated (S33), and the heated air HA is turned on. Supply. While supplying the heated air HA, the moisture content of the cake K adhering to the surface 12f of the filtration filter 12 is measured, and when the moisture content of the cake K falls below the target value (S34), the heating air blower is operated. The operation is stopped (S35), the arbitrary discharge valves 17v1, 17v2, 17v3 and the arbitrary supply valves 16v1, 16v2, 16v3 that have been opened are closed (S36), and the dehydration drying process is ended. This dehydration drying process will be described in detail below.

  The first heated gas discharge valve 17v1 and the first heated gas supply valve 16v1 are opened (S31, S32), the heated air blower is activated (S33), and the heated gas HA is supplied through the first heated gas supply pipe 16A. Although the temperature of this heating gas HA can be determined suitably, it is desirable to set it as about 40-170 degreeC. As the heated gas HA, a gas heated by an electric heater, a gas heated by a combustion gas, diesel exhaust gas from which impurities such as black smoke are removed, and the like can be used. The supply pressure of the heated gas HA can be set to about 5 to 10 kPa, for example.

  The heated gas HA supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A passes through the filtrate discharge pipe 14, and flows into the filtration container 11 from the lower end of the filtrate passage 12r. As shown in FIG. 4, baffle plates (flat plates in the illustrated embodiment) 21d and 21u are provided at the lower and upper portions of the filtrate passage 12r so that the heated gas HA does not enter the intermediate portion of the filtrate passage 12r. ing. Therefore, the heated gas HA hits the baffle plate 21d at the lower end of the filtrate passage 12r, flows in the lateral direction, passes through the perforation hole of the cylindrical body 12s, and is a space between the surface of the cylindrical body 12s and the back surface 12b of the filtration membrane 12m. 22 (hereinafter referred to as “heated gas passage”). Thereafter, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 7, the heated gas HA flows through the heated gas passage 22 from the bottom to the top. It flows to the upper end of the filtrate passage 12r (above the baffle plate 21u at the upper end of the filtrate passage 12r) and is exhausted out of the apparatus 10 as the exhaust gas X3 through the first heated gas exhaust pipe 17A.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in the process in which the heated gas HA flows through the heated gas passage 22, the filtration membrane 12m is heated from the back surface 12b side, dehydrated, and dried. In this dehydration drying process, when the cake K is in a state that allows ventilation, the heated gas HA not only warms the cake K from the back surface Kb but also passes through the cake K from the back surface Kb side to the front surface Kf side. At the same time, the cake K is also heated and dehydrated and dried. Further, the filtration membrane 12m is dehydrated and dried from the portion where the heated gas HA is good. As described above, since the filtration membrane 12m is made of a filter material with good wettability, the effect of capillary action is larger than that of a normal filtration membrane, and the dehydrated and dried portion of the filter membrane 12m absorbs moisture from the non-dehydrated and dried portion of the filter membrane 12m. Absorbs and promotes dehydration and drying of the entire filtration membrane 12m. This capillary phenomenon also acts on the cake K, and the dehydrated and dried portion of the filter membrane 12m absorbs the moisture of the cake K and promotes the drying of the cake K. That is, by using the capillary phenomenon of the filtration membrane 12m, the cake K attached to the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m can be dehydrated and dried sequentially from the back surface Kb side of the cake K to the surface Kf side.

  In the dehydration drying of the cake K, a pleated filter is used for the filtration membrane 12m, and the pleated filter has a unique structure, that is, the back surface 12b of the filtration membrane 12m (specifically, the back surface of the filter support 25) and the surface of the cylindrical body 12s. The structure in which the mountain-shaped heated gas passage 22 is formed between the two is effectively utilized. As shown in FIG. 7, the heated air HA is passed through the inner surface of the pleat filter so that the heated air HA and the filtration membrane 12 m are in direct contact with each other. The dehydration drying rate of K can be increased.

  In addition to the pleated filter, for example, a cylindrical filter as shown in FIG. 8 may be used. In this cylindrical filter, one filtration membrane 12m is formed into a cylindrical shape, and in order to maintain this cylindrical shape, a honeycomb or a wire mesh is formed in a cylindrical shape along the back surface 12b of the filtration membrane 12m. The support plate (filter support 25) is disposed. The back surface 12b of the filtration membrane 12m and the surface of the filter support 25 are in contact with each other. A cylindrical body 12s is provided inside the filter support 25, and a gap of 5 to 10 mm is provided between the back surface of the filter support 25 and the surface of the cylindrical body 12s. Then, when the heated air HA passes through this gap, the filtration membrane 12m is heated from the back surface 12b side. The structure of the cylindrical body 12s, the arrangement of the baffle plates 21d and 21u, the inside of the cylindrical body 12s becomes the filtrate passage 12r, and the heated air HA to the filtration membrane 12m by the cooperation of the cylindrical body 12s and the baffle plates 21d and 21u Since the guidance function and the like are the same as described above, description thereof is omitted. Further, the shape of the filtration filter 12 may be changed to an arbitrary shape such as a rectangular tube shape.

  In the above description, the heated gas HA is supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A. Alternatively, the heated gas HA may be supplied from the second heated gas supply pipe 16B. That is, the second heated gas discharge valve 17v2 and the second heated gas supply valve 16v2 are opened (S31, S32), the heated air blower is activated (S33), and the heated gas HA is supplied through the second heated gas supply pipe 16B. To do. The flow of the heated gas HA supplied from the second heated gas supply pipe 16B is in the opposite direction to the passage of the heated gas HA supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A. That is, as shown in FIG. 5, the heated gas HA supplied from the second heated gas supply pipe 16A flows through the first heated gas exhaust pipe 17A from the upper end of the filtrate passage 12r to the inside. Then, it hits the baffle plate 21u at the upper end of the filtrate passage 12r, flows in the lateral direction, and flows into the heated gas passage 22 through the perforation hole of the cylindrical body 12s. Thereafter, the heated gas HA flows from the top to the bottom through the heated gas passage 22 and reaches the lower end edge of the filtration membrane 12m, passes through the perforation hole of the cylindrical body 12s, and passes through the lower end of the filtrate passage 12r (lower end portion of the filtrate passage 12r. To the outside of the apparatus 10 as exhaust gas X4 through the filtrate discharge pipe 14 and the second heated gas exhaust pipe 17B.

The heated air HA is preferably supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A rather than supplied from the second heated gas supply pipe 16B. That is, the heated air HA is preferably flowed from the bottom to the top rather than from the top to the bottom of the heated gas passage 22.
When the heated gas HA is flowed from the bottom to the top, the temperature of the heated gas HA is high in the lower part of the heated gas passage 22, so that the dehydrating and drying speed of the filtration membrane 12 m and the cake K is fast and well dehydrated and dried. However, as the heated gas HA flows from the bottom to the top, it contains a lot of moisture evaporated from the cake K and the filtration membrane 12m. At the same time, the temperature of the heated gas HA is lowered. Therefore, in the upper part of the heated gas passage 22, the dehydration and drying speed of the filter membrane 12 m and the cake K is slow, and the dehydration and drying are difficult.
On the other hand, since the moisture in the cake K and the filtration membrane 12m tends to move downward due to gravity, the moisture content of the cake K and the filtration membrane 12m increases toward the lower side. Therefore, by flowing the heated air HA from the bottom to the top of the heated gas passage 22, the lower cake K and the filter membrane 12m having a high water content can be dehydrated and dried with priority.
As a result of continuing to flow the heated air HA from the bottom to the top, the moisture content in the lower part of the cake K may be lower than the moisture content in the upper part when the dehydration drying is completed. When the cake K in this state is peeled off from the filtration membrane 12m, the lower part of the cake K having a low water content is easily peeled off and is peeled off first. On the other hand, the upper part of the cake K is harder to peel than the lower part. However, when the lower part of the cake K is peeled off, the upper part of the cake K that is no longer supported is peeled off by gravity.
Because of the advantages as described above, it is preferable to supply the heated gas HA from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A and flow the gas HA from the bottom to the top.

  Further, when the heated gas HA is supplied from one of the first heated gas supply pipe 16A and the second heated gas supply pipe 16B, a difference occurs in the moisture content between the upper part and the lower part of the cake K as described above. Therefore, in order to reduce the difference in moisture content, the heating gas HA may be supplied from both the first heating gas supply pipe 16A and the second heating gas supply pipe 16B as shown in FIG. In this case, a partition plate 23 that does not allow the heated gas HA to pass therethrough can be provided horizontally in the intermediate portion (desirably, the central portion) of the heated gas passage 22 in the height direction. Thus, the cake K is dehydrated and dried by the heated gas HA supplied from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A from the lower part to the intermediate part, and from the upper part to the intermediate part of the cake K from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A. Dehydrated and dried by the supplied heated gas HA. The heated gas HA flowing from the top to the bottom of the heated gas passage 22 and hitting the intermediate partition plate 23 and the heated gas HA flowing from the bottom to the top of the passage 22 and hitting the intermediate partition plate 23 are filtered. It flows out from the back surface 12b of the membrane 12m to the surface Kf of the cake K, passes through the third heated gas exhaust pipe 17v3 provided in the filtration container 11, and is exhausted as exhaust gas X5 (see FIG. 1). Thus, the heating gas HA does not necessarily have to flow from the upper part to the lower part of the heating gas passage 22 or from the lower part to the upper part, and may be bypassed in the middle.

In addition to supplying the heated gas HA from the first heated gas supply pipe 16A and the second heated gas supply pipe 16B, the heated gas HA is also supplied from the third heated gas supply pipe 16C, and the cake K and the filter medium 12m are supplied. Dehydration drying may be performed by heating from the surface 12f side (see FIG. 1).
Further, the opening of the third heated gas supply pipe 16 </ b> C may be desired below or above the filter 12.
Note that, when the heated gas HA is applied to the surface Kf of the cake K through the third heated gas supply pipe 16C, since the air resistance is large, a large-capacity blower is required and the power consumption is remarkably increased. Specifically, the pressure is about 5 to 10 kPa when the surface Kf of the cake K is not wet, and a pressure of 40 kPa or more is required when the surface Kf of the cake K is wet. Therefore, it is preferable to supply the heating gas HA from the first heating gas supply pipe 16A or the second heating gas supply pipe 16B and to heat the cake K from the back surface Kb side. In addition, when supplying heated gas HA from the back surface 12b side of the membrane 12m, the supply pressure is about 5 kPa.

(Washing process)
After the dehydration drying process, a cleaning process as illustrated in FIG. 13 is performed. That is, the cake K is peeled after dehydration and drying for a predetermined time (after a predetermined dehydration and drying program is completed). The start time of the cleaning process is not determined by whether or not a predetermined time related to the dehydration drying process has elapsed, and when the exhaust gas X1 to X5 becomes a predetermined temperature or higher, the exhaust gas X1 to X5 becomes a predetermined humidity or lower. In the case where the filtration filter 12 becomes a predetermined temperature or higher, the pressure of the filter built-in portion 11U becomes a predetermined pressure or higher, or the differential pressure between the filter built-in portion 11U and the filtrate passage 12r is within a predetermined differential pressure range. Or the like, the cake K attached to the surface 12f of the filter 12 may be determined to be sufficiently dried, and the dehydration drying process may be switched to the washing process. . Due to the capillary phenomenon associated with the dehydration and drying of the filter membrane 12m, the boundary surface between the cake K and the filter membrane 12m becomes a peeling layer, and as the cake K is dehydrated and dried, the adhesive action due to moisture between the cake K and the filter membrane 12m is released. The cake K can be easily peeled off. At this time, since the boundary surface between the cake K and the filtration membrane 12m is dehydrated and dried earlier than the outer surface Kf of the cake K, the cake K can be peeled even when the outer surface Kf of the cake K is slightly wet. That is, even if the cake K is not completely dehydrated and dried, the cake K can be peeled from the filtration membrane 12m. In this manner, the delamination efficiency of the cake K can be increased by dehydrating and drying the filtration membrane 12m from the back surface 12b side. This is because when the cake K is dehydrated and dried from the surface Kf side, the cake K containing a large amount of moisture is sufficiently dehydrated and dried in order to dehydrate and dry the peeling surface (the boundary surface between the filtration membrane 12m and the cake K). Although it is necessary, by dehydrating and drying from the back surface 12b side of the filtration membrane 12m, it is sufficient to dehydrate and dry the interface between the filtration membrane 12m and the cake K, and the cake K can be obtained without sufficiently dehydrating and drying the cake K. It is because it can peel.

  At an arbitrary time before the start of the cleaning process, the compressed gas generator 43 is activated to generate the compressed gas WA, and the generated compressed gas WA is accumulated in the main tank 38B and the branch tank 38A. Then, when the predetermined dehydration drying time has elapsed and the washing process is started, the valve body 19b and the regulating valve 39 of the cake discharge valve 19 are opened from the closed state (S41). When the control valve 39 is opened, the compressed gas WA in the branch tank 38A passes through the pipe 40 and instantaneously fills the cylinder 42 of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s. The filled compressed gas WA is ejected from the hole 37 provided in the ring-shaped nozzle 36s toward the filter 12 as shown in FIGS. 14 and 15 (S42). The air pulse generation pressure (pressure in the branch tank 38A) is preferably 0.1 to 0.6 MPa. When the pressure is lower than 0.1 MPa, there is a problem that the control valve 39 does not operate. When the pressure is higher than 0.6 MPa, there is a problem that the filtration membrane 12m of the filtration filter 12 is destroyed. . The compressed gas WA released from the hole 37 rapidly expands to become a shock wave, collides with the filtration filter 12, and peels off the cake K attached to the bag of the filtration filter 12 by the impact (S43). At this time, since the hole 37 is provided on the entire inner periphery of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s, an impact is applied to the filtration filter 12 from a direction of 360 degrees, and the cake K can be peeled along the circumferential direction without leakage. it can.

  It should be noted that the shock wave cannot be applied to the cake K, which is attached to the filter 12, far away from the position where the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s is provided in the axial direction of the filter 12. Therefore, for example, as shown in FIG. 26, it is preferable to provide a moving mechanism that moves the ring-shaped nozzle 36 s in the axial direction of the filter 12. By moving the ring-shaped nozzle 36s in the axial direction and releasing the compressed gas WA from the hole 37 during or after the movement, the cake K can be peeled off along the axial direction without leakage. When the moving mechanism is not provided, for example, as shown in FIG. 27, by providing a plurality of ring-shaped nozzles 36s along the axial direction of the filter 12, it is possible to obtain the same effect as when the moving mechanism is provided. it can.

  Further, when the line-shaped nozzle 36r or the dot-shaped nozzle 36d is provided instead of the ring-shaped nozzle 36s, the compressed gas WA discharged from the hole 37 expands to become a shock wave, and the axial direction (longitudinal direction of the filter 12) Direction). Therefore, the cake K adhering to the filter 12 can be peeled off along the axial direction without leakage. In addition, the cake K adhering to the perimeter of the filter 12 can be peeled by rotating the filter 12 with the rotation mechanism which is not shown in figure. When the filtration filter 12 does not rotate, the line-shaped nozzle 36r and the dot-shaped nozzle 36d are configured to rotate around the filtration filter 12, so that the cake K attached to the entire circumference of the filtration filter 12 is peeled off. be able to.

In addition, when the heated gas HA is sprayed onto the surface Kf of the cake K and the cake K is dehydrated and dried from the surface Kf, conventionally, the cake K can be peeled off even when the moisture content of the cake K is about 35%. In order to ensure peeling, the moisture content of cake K was required to be 30% or less. However, in the above-described embodiment, it is sufficient to dehydrate and dry the interface between the cake K and the filtration membrane 12m. Therefore, the cake K can be peeled even if the moisture content of the cake K is about 60%. For this reason, the amount of blown air of the heated gas HA is reduced, and the amount of power used for operating the blower and the like can be reduced. Even if the moisture content of the cake K as a whole is high, the moisture content of the peeled portion between the surface 12f of the filtration membrane 12m and the back surface Kb of the cake K is reduced due to the capillary phenomenon of the filtration membrane 12m. K can be peeled off. Therefore, the dehydration drying time can be greatly shortened, and the processing capacity of the entire dehydration drying apparatus 10 can be improved. In addition, peeling will become easier when the moisture content of the cake K is lowered to about 55%. Therefore, it is good to dehydrate and dry until the moisture content of the cake K is 60% or less, more preferably 55% or less.
The peeled cake K that has fallen on the cake discharge chute 11S is discharged out of the apparatus 10 through the cake discharge valve 19. It should be noted that the peeled cake K is collected on the cake discharge chute 11S without opening the valve body 19b of the cake discharge valve 19 in the step of S41, and after a certain amount of cake K is collected (between S43 and S44). Alternatively, the valve body 19b of the cake discharge valve 19 may be opened and discharged out of the apparatus 10.

  Thus, after all the cake K is discharged | emitted (S44), the valve body 19b and the adjustment valve 39 of the cake discharge valve 19 are closed from opening, and a washing | cleaning process is complete | finished.

  In addition, when a pleated filter is used like this embodiment, since the space | interval between the wall surface of adjacent ridges and ridges becomes large gradually toward inner side from the inner side, there exists an advantage that the cake K is easy to peel and discharge | emit. Moreover, since the heat capacity of the nonwoven fabric which comprises the filtration membrane 12m is small, there is little energy loss. As shown in FIG. 2, the length L1 between the adjacent ridges and the distal end portions of the ridges can be, for example, 17 mm, and the length L2 from the distal end to the proximal end of the ridges can be, for example, 80 mm. Can do.

  Although the case where the filtration filter 12 with good wettability is used has been described above, a normal filtration filter 12 may be used. Further, the heating gas HA may not be flowed to the back side of the filter 12, and the heating gas HA may be flowed from the outside of the filter 12. That is, in the above description, a more preferable example has been shown from the viewpoint of drying efficiency, running cost, and the like, but other than the cleaning device and the cleaning process can be changed to any known structure or known process.

(Vertical dehydration dryer and horizontal dehydration dryer)
In the above description, the vertical filtration apparatus 10 in which the filtration filter 12 is arranged vertically has been described. The present invention is not limited to such a form, and may be a horizontal filtration device 10 in which the filtration filter 12 is disposed horizontally. 9 is configured to supply the slurry A from the left of the drawing and drain the filtrate B from the right of the drawing, but to supply the slurry A from the left of the drawing and drain the filtrate B from the left of the drawing. That is, the filtrate discharge pipe 14 may be arranged on the left side of the drawing. At this time, the first heated gas exhaust pipe 17A and the second heated gas supply pipe 16B are preferably arranged on the right side of the drawing.

(Multiple filtration filters)
In the above, although the filtration apparatus 10 provided with one filtration filter 12 was demonstrated, it is not restricted to this, The same washing | cleaning apparatus 35 is also provided with respect to the filtration apparatus 10 provided with the several filtration filter 12. FIG. Can be used.

(Second Embodiment)
In the description of the first embodiment, the filtering device 10 that filters the liquid workpiece A such as slurry has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and may be a filtration device 10 that filters gas. Such a filtration device 10 includes, for example, a filtration filter 12 that captures dust in the contaminated gas A, and a filtration container 11 that stores the filtration filter 12. Further, a supply port 54 for contaminated gas (object A) is provided at one end side of the filtration device 10, and a clean gas discharge port 55 after filtration is provided at the other end side. The contaminated gas A supplied from the supply port 54 passes through the filtration filter 12 in the process of flowing from one end side to the other end side, and dust contained in the contaminated gas B is removed by the filtration filter 12, and the clean gas B As shown in FIG.

(Filtration filter 12)
As the filtration filter 12, a pleated filter is suitable as in the first embodiment because of its large surface area. The material of the filter 12 is not limited to a material with good wettability, and a metal mesh such as a demister may be used. As a demister, a thin metal wire with a diameter of about 0.12 mm to 0.25 mm is knitted into a predetermined shape, and the knitted fabric is formed into a pleated filter shape using a roll with a special shape, etc. Can be illustrated. When the compressed gas WA is sprayed onto a pleated filter made of a metal mesh, deposits (liquid fine particles, etc.) adhering to the filter are removed cleanly (the deposit removal rate is higher than that of a pleated filter made of polyester or other fibers) Since clogging of the filter is eliminated, there is an advantage that the filtration accuracy increases when re-filtration is performed. Further, when the pleated filter is made of a fiber such as polyester, the filter has to be replaced after a plurality of washing steps. However, in the case of a pleated filter made of a metal mesh, such replacement is hardly required. There is an advantage. Further, when the filtration filter 12 is arranged in the filtration container 11, the filtration filter 12 is arranged so that the axis of the filtration filter 12 is in the horizontal direction (horizontal direction), or in the vertical direction (vertical direction). it can.

(Flow of contaminated air A and clean air B)
Next, the flow of contaminated air A and clean air B in the filtration device 10 will be described. First, contaminated air A as the object to be processed A is supplied into the filtration container 11 from the supply port 54 of the filtration device 10. The supplied contaminated air A flows into the gap 50 between the inner wall surface of the filtration container 11 and the outer surface of the filtration filter 12. A shielding plate 52 is provided at one end (supply port side) end of the filtration filter 12 so as to cover the end of the hollow portion (clean gas passage 12r) of the filtration filter 12, and contaminated air. A is prevented from directly entering the hollow portion 12r of the filter 12. The contaminated air A flowing into the gap 50 passes from the outer surface of the filtration filter 12 to the inner surface, and dust in the contaminated air A is trapped mainly on the outer surface 12f of the filtration filter 12 when passing through. Clean air B from which dust has been removed by the filtration filter 12 flows through the clean gas passage 12r in the filtration filter 12 toward the other end side (exhaust port side), and is exhausted from the exhaust port 55.

(Blower fan and intake fan)
The flow of the contaminated air A and the clean air B can be realized by providing a blower fan on one end side (upstream side) or an intake fan 53 on the other end side (downstream side). In the present embodiment, an intake fan 53 is provided at a position adjacent to the exhaust port 55, and the contaminated air A and clean air B are sucked from the upstream side toward the downstream side. Moreover, when providing a ventilation fan, it is good to install a fan in the vicinity of the air inlet 54.

(Cleaning device 35)
The dot nozzle 36d and the line nozzle 36r are preferably provided in the gap 50 between the inner wall surface of the filtration container 11 and the outer surface of the filtration filter 12, and the ring nozzle 36s is preferably provided outside the filtration container 11. . Since the shapes and installation positions of the nozzles 36d, 36r, and 36s are the same as those in the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted.
In the invention of the second embodiment, the filtration of the gas to be processed A is not performed through the filtration step, the discharge step, the dehydration drying step, and the cleaning step, as in the first embodiment, What is necessary is just to wash | clean the filter 12 while performing.

(Third embodiment)
The filtration apparatus 10 of the present invention uses a filtration filter 12 to process an object A (a mixture of a low-melting-point alloy and other impurities. Preferably, the low-melting-point alloy is melted by heating to form a liquid). Alternatively, the low-melting point alloy may be separated from the low-melting point alloy, and the low-melting point alloy deposited on the surface 12f of the filter 12 may be peeled off and recovered using the cleaning device 35.

(Low melting point alloy)
This low melting point alloy is an alloy whose main component is a component selected from the group consisting of bismuth, tin, lead, indium, cadmium, antimony, zinc, and gallium. In particular, those containing bismuth and tin as main components and adding indium as necessary are preferable. In addition, as a melting temperature of a low melting-point alloy, 16 degreeC-183 degreeC can be illustrated.

  Specific examples of the low melting point alloy include “U Alloy” series manufactured by Osaka Asahi Metal Factory. As this series, various kinds of low melting point alloys having a melting point of 16 ° C. to 183 ° C. are sold.

  When the low-melting-point alloy filtering apparatus 10 according to the present invention is used to separate the low-melting-point alloy from other impurities, a low-melting-point alloy having a melting point of 90 ° C. to 150 ° C. is particularly suitable.

  The low melting point alloy is used for a fixture for a workpiece. And in the process of precision machining etc. to cut the work piece, when the fixing jig is also shaved, cutting scrap of low melting point alloy is generated, so when recovering the low melting point alloy from the cutting scrap good.

  Examples of impurities other than the low-melting-point alloy include cutting scraps of workpieces such as titanium, aluminum, stainless steel, copper, iron, and glass (which refers to materials to be processed. Workpiece). These cutting chips may consist of only one substance (for example, only titanium) or may consist of a mixture of two or more substances (for example, a mixture of titanium and aluminum).

  Examples of the workpiece A include, but are not limited to, a mixture of low melting point alloy cutting scraps and other impurity cutting scraps. Examples of other objects to be treated A include crushed products of household electrical appliances including low melting point alloys (which may be in a non-crushed state) and prototypes including low melting point alloys produced in the course of research (same as above) In addition, it may be in a non-crushed state).

  The structure of the filtering device 10 and the shapes and installation positions of the nozzles 36d, 36r, and 36s are duplicated in FIG.

(Other embodiments)
FIG. 29 shows an example in which two filtration filters 12 are provided in the filtration device 10. When a plurality of filtration filters 12 are arranged, the cleaning device 35 is provided between the plurality of filtration filters 12 as described above, and the compressed gas WA is sprayed from the cleaning device 35 toward the plurality of filtration filters 12. good. By adopting such a structure, the number of cleaning devices 35 can be reduced. In FIG. 29, a dot-shaped nozzle 36d or a line-shaped nozzle 36r is provided between two filtration filters 12, and different directions (each filtration filter 12 is located in a pipe 42 of the nozzle (36d or 36r)). 29. A hole 37 directed in the direction (upper left and right upper direction in FIG. 29) is provided, and the compressed gas WA is sprayed to each filter 12 through the hole 37. In addition, since each filtration filter 12 rotates in the direction of R in the drawing by a rotation mechanism (not shown), the entire circumference (360 degrees) of the filtration filter 12 can be washed. Moreover, the rotation direction R of the filtration filter 12 can be changed arbitrarily. For example, in FIG. 29, the rotation directions R of the two filtration filters 12 are different, but they may be aligned and the same. Further, the rotation direction may be opposite to the rotation direction R in FIG.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Filtration apparatus, 11 ... Filtration container, 11S ... Cake discharge chute (dust discharge chute), 11U ... Filter built-in part, 12 ... Filtration filter, 12b ... The back surface of a filtration membrane (inner surface of a filtration filter), 12f ... Filtration membrane Surface (outer surface of filtration filter), 12m ... filtration membrane, 12mh ... permeation hole of filtration membrane, 12r ... filtrate passage (clean gas passage), 12s ... cylindrical body, 13 ... slurry supply pipe (contamination gas supply pipe), 13v ... processing object supply valve, 14 ... filtrate discharge pipe, 14v ... filtrate discharge valve, 15 ... pressurized air supply pipe, 15v ... pressurized air supply valve, 16A ... first heating gas supply pipe, 16B ... second heating gas supply pipe, 16C 3rd heating gas supply pipe, 16v1 ... 1st heating gas supply valve, 16v2 ... 2nd heating gas supply valve, 16v3 ... 3rd heating gas supply valve, 17A ... 1st heating gas discharge , 17B ... second heating gas discharge pipe, 17C ... third heating gas discharge pipe (bypass piping), 17v1 ... first heating gas discharge valve, 17v2 ... second heating gas discharge valve, 17v3 ... third heating gas discharge valve, 19 ... Cake discharge valve, 19p ... Slurry discharge pipe, 19v ... Slurry discharge valve, 21u ... Upper baffle plate, 21d ... Lower baffle plate, 22 ... Heated gas passage, 25 ... Filter support, 35 ... Cleaning device, 36 ... Nozzle 36d ... dot nozzle, 36r ... line nozzle, 36s ... ring nozzle, 37 ... hole, 37D ... dotted hole, 37L ... slit hole, 38 ... tank, 38A ... branch tank, 38B ... main tank , 39 ... control valve, 40 ... piping, 41 ... automatic opening / closing lid, 42 ... cylinder, 43 ... compressed gas generator, 44 ... regulator, 45 ... supply port, 50 ... gap, 51 Rotating means, 52 ... shielding plate, 53 ... intake fan, 54 ... supply port, 55 ... discharge port, A ... processed object, B ... processed product, C ... dust, CA ... pressurized gas (pressure air), K ... cake Kb ... back side of cake, Kf ... surface of cake, M ... motor, HA ... heated gas, HAF ... direction in which heated gas flows, P ... pitch, WA ... compressed gas, WT ... moisture, WTF ... direction in which moisture flows, X1, X2, X3, X4, X5 ... exhaust gas

Claims (7)

A filtration container having a supply port for the object to be processed and a discharge port for the filtrate ;
A cylindrical filtration filter provided in the filtration container, the outer surface of which is a filtration surface and the inside of which is a filtrate passage ;
A filter that injects compressed gas toward the outer surface of the filtration filter in a state where the object to be processed is discharged from the gap between the filtration container and the filtration filter, and peels the cake formed on the outer surface of the filtration filter Cleaning means,
The filter cleaning means includes
A compressed gas generating device for generating compressed gas;
A nozzle disposed outside the filtration filter;
A control valve for adjusting the injection amount of the compressed gas generated by the compressed gas generation device,
The said nozzle has a hollow cylinder and the hole which inject | emits the said compressed gas provided along the axial direction of the said cylinder. The shape of the tube of the nozzle is a straight line,
The cylinder is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter,
The tube is provided with a plurality of dotted holes at predetermined intervals along the axial direction of the tube,
The said dotted | punctate hole is a filtration apparatus of Claim 1 provided in the side facing the said filtration filter among cylinder walls. The shape of the tube of the nozzle is a straight line,
The cylinder is arranged in parallel with the longitudinal direction of the filtration filter,
The tube is provided with a slit-like hole extending along the axial direction of the tube,
The said slit-shaped hole is a filtration apparatus of Claim 1 provided in the side which faces the said filtration filter among cylinder walls. The shape of the tube of the nozzle is annular,
The cylinder is disposed around an outer surface of the filtration filter;
The cylinder is provided with at least one of a plurality of dot-like holes spaced at predetermined intervals along the axial direction of the cylinder or a slit-like hole extending along the axial direction of the cylinder,
The filtration device according to claim 1, wherein the dot-like hole or the slit-like hole is provided on a side of the cylindrical wall facing the filtration filter.   The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein a plurality of the annular nozzles are provided along a longitudinal direction of the filtration filter.   The filtration device according to claim 4, wherein the annular nozzle is connected to a power generator that moves the nozzle along a longitudinal direction of the filtration filter. A filtration step of filtering the object to be processed using a cylindrical filtration filter provided in the filtration container, the outer surface of which is a filtration surface and the inside of which is a filtrate passage ;
A draining step of discharging the object to be processed from the gap between the filtration container and the filtration filter;
A step of injecting compressed gas toward the outer surface of the filtration filter and peeling the cake formed on the outer surface of the filtration filter,
The washing step includes
A generating step of generating a compressed gas with a compressed gas generating device;
An injection step of injecting the compressed gas toward an outer surface of the filtration filter through a hole provided along an axial direction of the nozzle.

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