JP6138652B2 - Fine particle measurement system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fine particle measurement system for measuring the amount of fine particles such as soot contained in a gas.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a fine particle measurement system that measures the amount of fine particles such as soot contained in exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine such as a diesel engine is known (Patent Documents 1 and 2). This fine particle measurement system generates ions by corona discharge, charges the fine particles in the exhaust gas by the generated ions, captures ions that are not used for charging the fine particles, and based on the amount of captured ions (reverse) In other words, the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas is measured (based on the amount of ions charged and not captured by the particulates). The amount of captured ions correlates with the amount of ions used for charging, and the amount of ions used for charging correlates with the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas. The amount of particulates in the exhaust gas stream can be measured from the amount.

JP 2012-220423 A Special table 2012-194078

  However, since the current detected by the fine particle measurement system is very small, it is not easy to detect the amount of fine particles with high sensitivity from the current value, and there is a problem that it is difficult to increase the sensitivity. For example, it has been difficult to measure with high sensitivity in a wider range using a system capable of measuring the amount of fine particles in a narrow range with high sensitivity.

  In order to solve the above problems, the present invention can be realized as the following forms.

(1) One aspect of the present invention is a particulate measurement system including a measurement signal generation circuit that generates a measurement signal indicating the amount of particulates in a gas: the measurement signal generation circuit reduces the amount of particulates with low sensitivity. A low-sensitivity measurement signal that represents and a high-sensitivity measurement signal that represents the amount of fine particles with a higher sensitivity than the low-sensitivity measurement signal; And a sensor control unit that adaptively changes a measurement window of the high-sensitivity measurement signal in the measurement signal generation circuit.
According to this fine particle measurement system, the measurement window of the high sensitivity measurement signal is adaptively changed according to the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal, so that the measurement can be performed with high sensitivity over a wide range of the fine particle amount. Is possible.

(2) The fine particle measurement system further includes: an ion generating unit that generates ions by corona discharge; a charging chamber for charging at least some of the fine particles in the gas using the ions; and charging of the fine particles. And a capturing section that captures at least a part of the ions that are not used in the above. Further, the measurement signal generation circuit is configured to generate the low-sensitivity measurement signal based on a current value corresponding to a difference between the amount of ions generated from the ion generation unit and the amount of ions captured by the capture unit. The high sensitivity measurement signal may be generated.
According to this configuration, the low sensitivity measurement signal and the high sensitivity measurement signal are generated based on the current value corresponding to the difference between the amount of ions generated from the ion generation unit and the amount of ions captured by the capture unit. Therefore, accurate measurement is possible even if the amount of fine particles in the gas is very small.

(3) In the fine particle measurement system, the measurement signal generation circuit changes the current corresponding to the difference between the amount of ions generated from the ion generation unit and the amount of ions captured by the capture unit to a voltage. An IV conversion circuit that performs the above operation; and a high-sensitivity measurement circuit that amplifies the output voltage of the IV conversion circuit with a first amplification degree. The measurement signal generation circuit may include (i) a first voltage equal to an output voltage of the IV conversion circuit, or a second amplification degree that is smaller than the first amplification degree. The second voltage amplified in step (b) may be output as the low sensitivity measurement signal, and (ii) the output voltage of the high sensitivity measurement circuit may be output as the high sensitivity measurement signal.
According to this configuration, it is possible to generate both the low sensitivity measurement signal and the high sensitivity measurement signal with a simple circuit configuration.

(4) In the fine particle measurement system, the high-sensitivity measurement circuit includes: first and second input terminals, and amplifies the low-sensitivity measurement signal supplied to the first input terminal to increase the sensitivity. An amplifier circuit that generates a measurement signal; and an offset voltage adjustment circuit that can change an offset voltage supplied to the second input terminal of the amplifier circuit may be provided. The sensor control unit supplies the offset voltage to the offset voltage adjustment circuit by supplying an offset signal having a signal level determined based on the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal to the offset voltage adjustment circuit. The measurement window of the high-sensitivity measurement signal may be adaptively changed by adjustment.
According to this configuration, it is possible to accurately adjust the measurement window.

(5) In the fine particle measurement system, the measurement signal generation circuit includes: first and second input terminals, and amplifies the low sensitivity measurement signal supplied to the first input terminal to increase the high sensitivity. An amplifier circuit that generates a measurement signal; and an offset voltage adjustment circuit that can change an offset voltage supplied to the second input terminal of the amplifier circuit may be provided. The sensor control unit supplies the offset voltage to the offset voltage adjustment circuit by supplying an offset signal having a signal level determined based on the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal to the offset voltage adjustment circuit. The measurement window of the high-sensitivity measurement signal may be adaptively changed by adjustment.
According to this configuration, it is possible to accurately adjust the measurement window.

(6) In the fine particle measurement system, the sensor control unit changes the amplification degree of the amplification circuit, thereby outputting the low sensitivity measurement signal from the amplification circuit, and the amplification circuit. The second operation mode for outputting the high-sensitivity measurement signal may be switched.
According to this configuration, it is possible to appropriately generate the low sensitivity measurement signal and the high sensitivity measurement signal as needed only by changing the amplification degree of the amplifier circuit. In addition, since the low sensitivity measurement signal and the high sensitivity measurement signal are output using the same amplifier circuit, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of measurement signal errors due to the difference between the amplifier circuits.

  The present invention can be realized in various modes, and can be realized in the form of, for example, a particulate sensor, a particulate detection method, an internal combustion engine equipped with a particulate measurement system, and a vehicle equipped with the internal combustion engine. it can.

It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the fine particle measurement system in 1st Embodiment. It is explanatory drawing which shows the structure of the front-end | tip part of a microparticle sensor. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of an electric circuit part. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the measurement signal generation circuit of 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the procedure of a microparticle measurement process. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship between a low sensitivity measurement range and a high sensitivity measurement range. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the measurement signal generation circuit of 2nd Embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the measurement signal generation circuit of 3rd Embodiment.

A. First embodiment:
FIG. 1A is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a vehicle 500 on which the particulate measurement system 10 is mounted. FIG. 1B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the particulate measurement system 10 attached to the vehicle 500. The particulate measurement system 10 includes a particulate sensor 100, a cable 200, and a sensor driving unit 300, and measures the amount of particulates such as soot contained in exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine 400. The internal combustion engine 400 is a power source of the vehicle 500 and is configured by a diesel engine or the like.

  The particulate sensor 100 is attached to an exhaust gas pipe 402 extending from the internal combustion engine 400, and is electrically connected to the sensor driving unit 300 by a cable 200. In the present embodiment, the particulate sensor 100 is attached to the exhaust gas pipe 402 on the downstream side of the filter device 410 (for example, DPF (Diesel particulate filter)). The fine particle sensor 100 outputs a signal correlated with the amount of fine particles contained in the exhaust gas to the sensor driving unit 300.

  The sensor driving unit 300 drives the particulate sensor 100 and measures the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas based on a signal input from the particulate sensor 100. In the present embodiment, the “amount of fine particles” is measured as a value proportional to the total mass of fine particles in the exhaust gas. However, the “amount of fine particles” may be measured as a value proportional to the total surface area of the fine particles, or may be measured as a value proportional to the number of fine particles contained in the unit volume of the exhaust gas. The sensor driving unit 300 outputs a signal indicating the detected amount of fine particles in the exhaust gas to the vehicle control unit 420. The vehicle control unit 420 determines the combustion state of the internal combustion engine 400, the amount of fuel supplied from the fuel supply unit 430 to the internal combustion engine 400 via the fuel pipe 405, and the like in accordance with a signal input from the sensor drive unit 300. To control. The vehicle control unit 420 is configured to warn the driver of the vehicle 500 of deterioration or abnormality of the filter device 410, for example, when the amount of fine particles in the exhaust gas is larger than a predetermined upper limit (threshold value). Also good. Electric power is supplied from the power supply unit 440 to the sensor driving unit 300 and the vehicle control unit 420.

  As shown in FIG. 1B, the particulate sensor 100 includes a cylindrical tip 100e. The tip 100e is inserted on the inside of the exhaust gas pipe 402 on the outer surface of the exhaust gas pipe 402. It is fixed. Here, the tip 100e of the particulate sensor 100 is inserted substantially perpendicular to the extending direction DL of the exhaust gas pipe 402. On the surface of the casing CS of the distal end portion 100e, an inflow hole 45 for taking in the exhaust gas into the casing CS and an exhaust hole 35 for discharging the taken in exhaust gas to the outside of the casing CS are provided. Part of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust gas pipe 402 is taken into the casing CS of the tip portion 100e through the inflow hole 45. The fine particles contained in the taken-in exhaust gas are charged by ions (here, cations) generated by the fine particle sensor 100. The exhaust gas containing the charged fine particles is discharged to the outside of the casing CS through the discharge hole 35. The internal configuration of the casing CS and the specific configuration of the particulate sensor 100 will be described later.

  A cable 200 is attached to the rear end portion 100r of the particle sensor 100. The cable 200 has a configuration in which a first wiring 221, a second wiring 222, a signal line 223, and an air supply pipe 224 are bundled. The first wiring 221, the second wiring 222, and the signal line 223 are electrically connected to the sensor driving unit 300. The air supply pipe 224 is connected to the air supply unit 800.

  The sensor driving unit 300 includes a sensor control unit 600, an electric circuit unit 700, and an air supply unit 800. The sensor control unit 600 and the electric circuit unit 700 and the sensor control unit 600 and the air supply unit 800 are electrically connected, respectively.

  The sensor control unit 600 includes a microcomputer and controls the electric circuit unit 700 and the air supply unit 800. The sensor control unit 600 determines the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas from the signal input from the electric circuit unit 700 and outputs a signal representing the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas to the vehicle control unit 420.

  The electric circuit unit 700 supplies power for driving the particle sensor 100 via the first wiring 221 and the second wiring 222. In addition, a signal that correlates with the amount of fine particles contained in the exhaust gas is input from the fine particle sensor 100 to the electric circuit unit 700 via the signal line 223. The electric circuit unit 700 outputs a signal corresponding to the amount of fine particles in the exhaust gas to the sensor control unit 600 using a signal input from the signal line 223. Specific contents of these signals will be described later.

  The air supply unit 800 includes a pump (not shown), and supplies high-pressure air to the particulate sensor 100 via the air supply pipe 224 based on an instruction from the sensor control unit 600. The high-pressure air supplied from the air supply unit 800 is used when measuring the amount of fine particles by the fine particle sensor 100. Instead of supplying air by the air supply unit 800, another type of gas may be supplied to the particle sensor 100.

  FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of the tip 100e of the particle sensor 100. As shown in FIG. The distal end portion 100e has a configuration in which an ion generation unit 110, an exhaust gas charging unit 120, and an ion trapping unit 130 are provided in a casing CS. That is, in the casing CS, the three processing units 110, 120, and 130 are arranged in this order from the base end side (upper side in FIG. 2) to the front end side (lower side in FIG. 2) of the tip end part 100e. Are lined up along the axial direction. The casing CS is formed of a conductive member, and is connected to the secondary side ground SGL (FIG. 3) via the signal line 223 (FIG. 1).

  The ion generation unit 110 is a processing unit for generating ions (here, cations) to be supplied to the exhaust gas charging unit 120, and includes an ion generation chamber 111 and a first electrode 112. The ion generation chamber 111 is a small space formed inside the casing CS. The air supply hole 55 and the nozzle 41 are provided on the inner peripheral surface, and the first electrode 112 protrudes inside. It has been. The air supply hole 55 communicates with the air supply pipe 224 (FIG. 1) and supplies high-pressure air supplied from the air supply unit 800 (FIG. 1) to the ion generation chamber 111. The nozzle 41 is a minute hole (orifice) provided in the vicinity of the central portion of the partition wall 42 that partitions the exhaust gas charging unit 120, and ions generated in the ion generation chamber 111 enter the charging chamber 121 of the exhaust gas charging unit 120. Supply. The first electrode 112 has a rod-like outer shape, and a base end portion thereof is fixed to the casing CS via the ceramic pipe 25 in a state in which the tip end portion is close to the partition wall 42. The first electrode 112 is connected to the electric circuit portion 700 (FIG. 1) via the first wiring 221 (FIG. 1).

  The ion generator 110 applies a DC voltage (for example, 2 to 3 kV) using the power supplied from the electric circuit unit 700 with the first electrode 112 as an anode and the partition wall 42 as a cathode. The ion generator 110 generates a positive ion PI by generating a corona discharge between the tip of the first electrode 112 and the partition wall 42 by applying this voltage. The positive ions PI generated in the ion generation unit 110 are jetted into the charging chamber 121 of the exhaust gas charging unit 120 through the nozzle 41 together with the high-pressure air supplied from the air supply unit 800 (FIG. 1). It is preferable that the jet speed of the air jetted from the nozzle 41 is about the speed of sound.

  The exhaust gas charging unit 120 is a part for charging fine particles contained in the exhaust gas with the cation PI, and includes a charging chamber 121. The charging chamber 121 is a small space adjacent to the ion generation chamber 111 and communicates with the ion generation chamber 111 via the nozzle 41. The charging chamber 121 communicates with the outside of the casing CS via the inflow hole 45 and communicates with the trapping chamber 131 of the ion trapping unit 130 via the gas flow path 31. The charging chamber 121 is configured such that when air containing positive ions PI is ejected from the nozzle 41, the inside becomes negative pressure, and exhaust gas outside the casing CS flows through the inflow hole 45. The air containing the cation PI ejected from the nozzle 41 and the exhaust gas flowing in from the inflow hole 45 are mixed inside the charging chamber 121. At this time, the cation PI supplied from the nozzle 41 is charged to at least a part of the fine particles S contained in the exhaust gas flowing in from the inflow hole 45. The air containing the charged fine particles S and the cations PI that have not been charged is supplied to the trapping chamber 131 of the ion trap 130 via the gas flow path 31.

  The ion trap 130 is a part for trapping ions that have not been used for charging the fine particles S, and includes a trap chamber 131 and a second electrode 132. The capture chamber 131 is a small space adjacent to the charging chamber 121 and communicates with the charging chamber 121 via the gas flow path 31. Further, the capture chamber 131 communicates with the outside of the casing CS via the discharge hole 35. The second electrode 132 has a substantially rod-shaped outer shape whose upper end is tapered, and the longitudinal direction of the second electrode 132 is in the casing CS such that the longitudinal direction is along the flow direction of the air flowing through the gas flow path 31 (the extending direction of the casing CS). It is fixed. The second electrode 132 is connected to the electric circuit portion 700 (FIG. 1) via the second wiring 222 (FIG. 1). A voltage of about 100 V is applied to the second electrode 132 and functions as an auxiliary electrode that assists in capturing positive ions that have not been charged by the fine particles S. Specifically, a voltage is applied to the ion trap 130 with the second electrode 132 as an anode and the casing CS constituting the charging chamber 121 and the trap chamber 131 as a cathode. As a result, the positive ions PI that have not been used for charging the fine particles S receive a repulsive force from the second electrode 132 and are deflected in a direction away from the second electrode 132. The positive ions PI whose traveling direction is deflected are captured by the capture chamber 131 functioning as a cathode and the inner peripheral wall of the gas flow path 31. On the other hand, the fine particles S charged with the cation PI receive a repulsive force from the second electrode 132 in the same manner as the simple cation PI. However, since the mass is larger than that of the cation PI, the degree of deflection due to the repulsive force is Smaller than a single cation PI. Therefore, the charged fine particles S are discharged from the discharge hole 35 to the outside of the casing CS according to the flow of the exhaust gas.

  The fine particle sensor 100 outputs a signal indicating a change in current according to the amount of positive ions PI captured by the ion capturing unit 130. The sensor control unit 600 (FIG. 1) determines the amount of fine particles S contained in the exhaust gas based on the signal output from the fine particle sensor 100. A method for determining the amount of the particulate S contained in the exhaust gas from the signal output from the particulate sensor 100 will be described later.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of the electric circuit unit 700. The electric circuit unit 700 includes a primary power supply circuit 710, an insulating transformer 720, a corona current measurement circuit 730, a measurement signal generation circuit 740, a first rectifier circuit 751, and a second rectifier circuit 752. ing.

The primary power supply circuit 710 boosts the DC voltage supplied from the power supply unit 440 and supplies the boosted DC voltage to the insulation transformer 720 and drives the insulation transformer 720. The primary power supply circuit 710 includes a discharge voltage control circuit 711 and a transformer drive circuit 712. The discharge voltage control circuit 711 includes a DC / DC converter, and the supply voltage to the insulation transformer 720 can be arbitrarily changed under the control of the sensor control unit 600. The control of the supply voltage, for example, the current value of the input current I _in supplied to the first electrode 112 of the fine particle sensor 100 through the first wiring 221, a preset target current value (e.g., 5 .mu.A ) Is performed. This control method will be described later. Thereby, in the ion generation part 110, the generation amount of the cation PI generated by corona discharge can be made constant.

  The transformer drive circuit 712 includes a switch circuit capable of switching the direction of the current flowing through the primary coil of the insulation transformer 720, and drives the insulation transformer 720 by switching the switch circuit. In this embodiment, the transformer drive circuit 712 is configured as a push-pull circuit, for example, but may be configured as a circuit of another system such as a half-bridge system or a full-bridge system.

  The insulation transformer 720 performs voltage conversion on the power supplied from the primary side power supply circuit 710 and supplies the converted power (here, AC power) to the secondary side rectifier circuits 751 and 752. The insulation transformer 720 can set different amplification factors for the power supplied to the first rectifier circuit 751 and the power supplied to the second rectifier circuit 752 depending on the secondary coil configuration. Is possible. The insulation transformer 720 of this embodiment is configured such that the primary side coil and the secondary side coil are not in physical contact and are coupled magnetically. The primary side circuit of the insulating transformer 720 includes the sensor control unit 600 and the power supply unit 440 in addition to the primary side power supply circuit 710. The secondary side circuit of the insulating transformer 720 includes the particle sensor 100 and rectifier circuits 751 and 752. The corona current measurement circuit 730 and the measurement signal generation circuit 740 are circuits that extend between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit of the isolation transformer 720, and are electrically connected to both circuits, respectively. . As will be described later, the corona current measurement circuit 730 has a gap between a circuit portion electrically connected to the primary side circuit of the isolation transformer 720 and a circuit portion electrically connected to the secondary side circuit. It is physically insulated. Here, the ground (ground potential) indicating the reference potential of the primary side circuit is also referred to as “primary side ground PGL”, and the ground indicating the reference potential of the secondary side circuit is also referred to as “secondary side ground SGL”. The end of the primary side coil of the insulating transformer 720 is connected to the primary side ground PGL, and the end of the secondary side coil is connected to the secondary side ground SGL. The casing CS of the particle sensor 100 is connected to the secondary side ground SGL via the signal line 223 and the shunt resistor 230.

The rectifier circuits 751 and 752 convert the AC power output from the insulating transformer 720 into DC power. The first rectifier circuit 751 is connected to the first electrode 112 of the particle sensor 100 via the first wiring 221 and the short protection resistor 753. The DC voltage supplied from the first rectifier circuit 751 is substantially equal to the discharge voltage at the first electrode 112 of the particle sensor 100, and the DC current supplied from the first rectifier circuit 751 is applied to the first electrode 112. It is the same as the input current I _in inputted. The second rectifier circuit 752 is connected to the second electrode 132 of the particle sensor 100 via the second wiring 222 and the short protection resistor 754.

The corona current measurement circuit 730 is connected to both ends of the shunt resistor 230 on the signal line 223 through wirings 761 and 762, and is connected to the sensor control unit 600 through the wiring 763. The corona current measurement circuit 730 outputs a signal S _{dc + trp} indicating the current value of the current (I _dc + I _trp ) flowing on the signal line 223 from the casing CS toward the secondary side ground SGL to the sensor control unit 600. Here, the “signal indicating the current value” is not limited to a signal directly indicating the current value, but also a signal indirectly indicating the current value. For example, a signal that can specify a current value by applying an arithmetic expression or a map to information obtained from the signal is also included in the “signal indicating the current value”.

The sensor control unit 600, in response to the signal S _{dc + trp} inputted from the corona current measuring circuit 730, the current value of the input current I _in is such that the target current value, to control the discharge voltage control circuit 711. That is, the corona current measurement circuit 730 and the sensor control unit 600 constitute a constant current circuit for making the current value of the corona current (= input current I _in ) constant. Since the current value of the corona current correlates with the amount of cations PI generated in the ion generator 110, the constant current circuit keeps the amount of cations PI generated in the ion generator 110 constant.

  The measurement signal generation circuit 740 measures a current Ic corresponding to the current Iesc (hereinafter referred to as “leakage current Iesc”) of the positive ion PI that has flown outside without being captured by the ion trap 130. The measurement signal generation circuit 740 is connected to the secondary-side signal line 223 via the wiring 771 and is connected to the primary-side sensor control unit 600 via the wirings 772 and 773. Further, the measurement signal generation circuit 740 is connected to the primary side ground PGL via a wiring 775. The measurement signal generation circuit 740 outputs the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc to the sensor control unit 600 via the wiring 772 and outputs the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc to the sensor control unit 600 via the wiring 773.

The relationship of the following formula (1) is established between the currents flowing through the tip 100e of the particle sensor 100.
I _in = I _dc + I _trp + I _esc (1)
Here, I _in is an input current of the first electrode 112, I _dc is a discharge current flowing through the casing CS via the partition wall 42, and I _trp is a charge amount of the cation PI trapped in the casing CS. This is a corresponding trapping current, and I _esc is a leakage current corresponding to the charge amount of the cation PI that has flown outside without being trapped by the ion trapping unit 130.

Since the discharge current I _dc and the trapped current I _trp flow from the casing CS to the secondary side ground SGL via the signal line 223, the total current (I _dc + I _trp ) of the shunt resistor 230 on the signal line 223 is present. Flows. On the other hand, the input current I _in is controlled to be constant by the constant current circuit as described above. Therefore, the leakage current I _esc is equal to the difference between the input current I _in and the current flowing through the shunt resistor 230 (I _dc + I _trp ).
I _esc = I _in − (I _dc + I _trp ) (2)

  FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the measurement signal generation circuit 740. The measurement signal generation circuit 740 includes an IV conversion circuit 742 and a high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 provided at the subsequent stage of the IV conversion circuit 742. As will be described below, in the first embodiment, the IV conversion circuit 742 also functions as a low sensitivity measurement circuit.

  The IV conversion circuit 742 includes a first amplifier circuit AMP1 and a negative feedback resistor R1. An operational amplifier can be used as the first amplifier circuit AMP1. The inverting input terminal of the first amplifier circuit AMP1 is connected to the secondary side ground SGL via the wiring 223. As shown in FIG. 3, the wiring 223 is connected to the casing CS of the particle sensor. A power supply Vref that applies a constant reference voltage (for example, 0.5 V) to the primary side ground PGL is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the first amplifier circuit AMP1. In the following description, the same reference numeral “Vref” is used to represent the reference voltage of the power supply Vref. If the reference voltage Vref is input to the non-inverting input terminal of the first amplifier circuit AMP1, an error (such as an error due to a bias current or an offset voltage) is unlikely to occur in the potential difference between the two input terminals of the first amplifier circuit AMP1. Adjustments can be made to approach the potential difference range. As will be described in detail later, a current Ic corresponding to the leakage current Iesc (FIG. 3) of the particle sensor 100 flows through the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier circuit AMP1. This current Ic is converted to the first voltage E1 by the first amplifier circuit AMP1. The signal SWesc indicating the first voltage E1 is supplied to the sensor control unit 600 through the wiring 772 as a low sensitivity measurement signal.

  The reason why the current Ic flowing through the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier circuit AMP1 becomes a current corresponding to the leakage current Iesc of the particle sensor 100 is as follows. When the leakage current Iesc is generated, the reference potential of the secondary side ground SGL is lower than the reference potential of the primary side ground PGL according to the magnitude of the leakage current Iesc. This is because energy (power) supplied to the particle sensor 100 from the primary circuit including the primary power supply circuit 710 (FIG. 3) and energy (power) output from the particle sensor 100 via the signal line 223. This is because a difference in energy corresponding to the leakage current Iesc occurs. If a difference occurs between the reference potential of the secondary side ground SGL and the reference potential of the primary side ground PGL due to the generation of the leakage current Iesc, the inverting input terminal of the first amplifier circuit AMP1 corresponds to this difference. A compensation current Ic flows. This compensation current Ic is equal to the leakage current Iesc and is a current that compensates for the difference between the reference potential of the secondary side ground SGL and the reference potential of the primary side ground PGL. Therefore, the IV conversion circuit 742 can generate the first voltage E1 (and the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc) representing the leakage current Iesc by performing IV conversion of the compensation current Ic.

  The high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 includes a second amplifier circuit AMP2, three resistors R2, R3, and R4, and an offset voltage adjustment circuit 745. An operational amplifier can be used as the second amplifier circuit AMP2. The non-inverting input terminal of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 is connected to the output terminal of the IV conversion circuit 742. The inverting input terminal of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 is connected to the offset voltage adjustment circuit 745 via the resistor R2. The offset voltage adjustment circuit 745 is supplied with an offset signal Soffset having a signal level indicating the offset voltage Voffset from the sensor control unit 600 via the wiring 774. The offset voltage adjustment circuit 745 D / A converts (or decodes) the offset signal Soffset, outputs the offset voltage Voffset, and supplies the offset voltage Voffset to the inverting input terminal of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 via the resistor R2. The output terminal of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 is connected to the primary side ground PGL via resistors R3 and R4. The contact between these two resistors R3 and R4 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the second amplifier circuit AMP2. Therefore, the resistor 3 functions as a negative feedback resistor. The high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 amplifies the output voltage E1 of the IV conversion circuit 742 and generates a voltage E2. The signal SSesc representing the voltage E2 is supplied to the sensor control unit 600 via the wiring 773 as a high sensitivity measurement signal.

ここで、Ｉｃは補償電流、Ｒ１〜Ｒ４は抵抗Ｒ１〜Ｒ４の抵抗値、Ｖrefは第１の増幅回路ＡＭＰ１の基準電圧、Ｖoffsetは第２の増幅回路ＡＭＰ２のオフセット電圧である。 Output voltages E1 and E2 of the two amplifier circuits AMP1 and AMP2 are given by the following equations.

Here, Ic is a compensation current, R1 to R4 are resistance values of the resistors R1 to R4, Vref is a reference voltage of the first amplifier circuit AMP1, and Voffset is an offset voltage of the second amplifier circuit AMP2.

By adjusting the resistance values R2 to R4, the amplification factor of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 (that is, the amplification factor of the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744) can be adjusted. For example, the amplification factor of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 can be set to about 10 ³ times. Further, as will be described later, by adjusting the offset voltage Voffset, the measurable range of the compensation current Ic (that is, the leakage current Iesc) in the high-sensitivity measurement circuit 744 (that is, the measurement window for the amount of fine particles) can be shifted. It is.

  The sensor controller 600 determines the amount of fine particles S contained in the exhaust gas based on the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc and the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc supplied from the measurement signal generation circuit 740. As a method for determining the amount of the fine particles S contained in the exhaust gas from the measurement signal SSesc (or SWesc), for example, the correspondence between the voltage value of the measurement signal SSesc (or SWesc) and the amount of the fine particles S in the exhaust gas is shown. It is possible to use a method of referring to the map, or a method of using a relational expression indicating the relationship between the voltage value of the measurement signal SSesc (or SWesc) and the amount of the particulate S in the exhaust gas.

  The sensor control unit 600 converts the voltage values of the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc and the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc as analog signals into digital values with a predetermined resolution (for example, 8 bits). In addition, the sensor control unit 600 is configured such that the voltage value readable range (full scale range) is the same in both of the measurement signals SSesc and SWesc.

  The high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc has higher sensitivity (resolution) to the current value of the leakage current Iesc than the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. For example, 1 V of the low-sensitivity measurement signal SWesc corresponds to 1 nA of the leakage current Iesc, whereas 1 V of the high-sensitivity measurement signal SSesc corresponds to 1 pA of the leakage current Iesc. On the other hand, the voltage resolution (minimum identifiable potential difference) of the measurement signals SSesc and SWesc in the sensor control unit 600 is equal (for example, 0.02 V). Accordingly, the current value of the leakage current Iesc corresponding to the voltage resolution of the sensor control unit 600 is small for the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc (for example, 0.02 pA) and large for the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc (for example, 0.02 nA). In other words, the sensor control unit 600 can detect a smaller variation in the leakage current Iesc based on the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc as compared to the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. As can be understood from these descriptions, “sensitivity” in the present specification means resolution or minimum measurement unit. That is, “high sensitivity” means that the minimum measurement unit of the fine particle amount is small, and “low sensitivity” means that the minimum measurement unit of the fine particle amount is large.

  As described above, the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas that can be acquired from the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc has a smaller minimum identifiable unit and higher accuracy than the amount of particulates in the exhaust gas that can be acquired from the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. On the other hand, the readable voltage range (for example, 0 to 5 V) of the sensor control unit 600 is set to include the entire voltage range of the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. Therefore, the range of the amount of fine particles in the exhaust gas that can be measured by the low-sensitivity measurement signal SWesc is wider than the range of the amount of fine particles in the exhaust gas that can be measured by the high-sensitivity measurement signal SSesc. If it is within a range corresponding to the entire voltage range of the signal SWesc, the amount of fine particles can be measured in the entire range.

  On the other hand, when the high-sensitivity measurement signal SSesc is used, the sensor control unit 600 can determine the amount of fine particles while the amount of fine particles in the exhaust gas is in a considerably narrow measurement window (measurement range). If the measurement range is not met, the voltage range of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 is exceeded, and the amount of fine particles cannot be determined. Therefore, in the first embodiment, as described in the following processing procedure, the offset voltage Voffset output from the offset voltage adjustment circuit 745 is changed according to the voltage level E1 of the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc, thereby increasing the high voltage. The measurement window of the amount of fine particles by the sensitivity measurement signal SSesc is changed.

  FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of operations of the particle measurement processing in the first embodiment. When the fine particle measurement process is started, low sensitivity measurement is executed in step S100, and the sensor control unit 600 receives the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. At this time, the sensor control unit 600 may calculate or determine the amount of fine particles based on the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. In step S110, the sensor control unit 600 calculates the offset voltage Voffset of the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 according to the voltage level E1 of the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. At this time, as the offset voltage Voffset, the output voltage E2 of the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 output from the second amplifier circuit AMP2 is a predetermined value (for example, a median value) within the output voltage range of the second amplifier circuit AMP2. It is decided to become. For example, when the lower limit value of the output voltage range of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 is Vmin and the upper limit value is Vmax, the offset voltage Voffset is calculated so that the output voltage E2 is equal to (Vmin + Vmax) / 2. Can do. Such calculation of the offset voltage Voffset can be performed using a known relational expression (for example, the above expression (3b)) between the offset voltage Voffset and the two voltages E1 and E2.

  In step S120, the sensor control unit 600 outputs an offset signal Soffset having a signal level representing the calculated offset voltage Voffset to the offset voltage adjustment circuit 745. The offset voltage adjustment circuit 745 thus D / A converts (or decodes) the offset signal Soffset, outputs the offset voltage Voffset, and supplies it to the inverting input terminal of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 via the resistor R2. In step S130, high sensitivity measurement is performed, and the sensor control unit 600 receives the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc. In step S140, the sensor control unit 600 calculates or determines the amount of fine particles based on the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc. As described above, in the high sensitivity measurement, since the voltage level E2 of the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc is determined to be within the output voltage range of the second amplifier circuit AMP2, the sensor control unit 600 performs the high sensitivity measurement. The amount of fine particles can be determined with high sensitivity according to the signal SSesc. In step S150, it is determined whether or not to end the fine particle measurement, and steps S100 to S150 are repeatedly executed until an end is instructed. The repetition cycle of steps S100 to S150 can be set to 1 ms to 2 ms, for example.

  FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the low sensitivity measurement range and the high sensitivity measurement range. The horizontal axis in FIG. 6 is the amount of fine particles, and the vertical axis is the output voltage level of the amplifier circuits AMP1 and AMP2. The range of the amount of fine particles that can be measured based on the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc (measurement window for low sensitivity measurement) is a wide range from 0 to Mmax. On the other hand, the range of the amount of fine particles that can be measured based on the high-sensitivity measurement signal SWesc (measurement window for high-sensitivity measurement) is a very small range of measurement windows 0 to Mmax for low-sensitivity measurement (for example, a 1/1000 range) ). Therefore, by adjusting the offset voltage Voffset according to the procedure of FIG. 5 described above and adaptively moving the measurement window for high sensitivity measurement, the amount of fine particles can be measured with high sensitivity regardless of the amount of fine particles at that time. It becomes possible.

  According to the fine particle measurement system of the first embodiment described above, whether the amount of fine particles is large or small by adaptively moving the measurement window of the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc according to the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. Regardless, the amount of fine particles can be measured with high sensitivity. Further, since the adjustment of the measurement window of the high sensitivity measurement signal is executed by adjusting the offset voltage Voffset supplied to the input terminal of the amplifier circuit AMP2, the measurement window can be adjusted with a simple circuit configuration. Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the sensor control unit 600 supplies the offset signal Soffset having a signal level determined based on the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc to the offset voltage adjustment circuit 745, thereby adjusting the offset voltage. Since the circuit 745 adjusts the offset voltage Voffset and adaptively changes the measurement window of the high-sensitivity measurement signal SSesc, the measurement window can be adjusted accurately. Further, the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc and the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc are generated based on the current corresponding to the difference between the amount of ions generated from the ion generation unit 110 and the amount of ions captured by the capture unit 130. Therefore, accurate measurement is possible even if the amount of fine particles in the gas is very small.

B. Second embodiment:
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the measurement signal generation circuit 740a in the second embodiment. The measurement signal generation circuit 740a is obtained by adding a low sensitivity measurement circuit 746 to the circuit of FIG. 4, and the other configuration is the same as the circuit of FIG. The low sensitivity measurement circuit 746 includes a third amplifier circuit AMP3 provided on the wiring 772 between the output terminal of the IV conversion circuit 742 and the sensor control unit 600. The third amplifier circuit AMP3 amplifies the output voltage E1 of the first amplifier circuit AMP1, and supplies the amplified voltage to the sensor control unit 600 as the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc. The various resistors for the third amplifier circuit AMP3 are not shown. The amplification degree of the third amplifier circuit AMP3 is arbitrary. For example, the amplification degree may be 1.0, or may be set to a value exceeding 1. However, the amplification factor of the third amplifier circuit AMP3 is set to a value smaller than the amplification factor of the second amplifier circuit AMP2 of the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744.

  The procedure of the measurement process in the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above. The second embodiment also has the same effect as the first embodiment described above. As can be understood from the first and second embodiments, as the low sensitivity measurement signal, the voltage equal to the output voltage E1 of the IV conversion circuit 742 or the output voltage E1 is amplified in the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744. It is possible to use a voltage amplified with a degree of amplification smaller than the degree.

C. Third embodiment:
FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the measurement signal generation circuit 740b in the third embodiment. The measurement signal generation circuit 740b is only changed from the circuit of FIG. 4 in that the switch SW1 is added to the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 and the wiring 772 is omitted. The circuit is the same as that of FIG. The switch SW1 is connected in parallel with the negative feedback resistor R3. The sensor control unit 600 can switch between a state in which the negative feedback resistor R3 is valid and a state in which the negative feedback resistor R3 is not present (a state in which the negative feedback resistor is zero) by switching on / off the switch SW1.

  When the switch SW1 is in the on state, the amplification degree of the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744b in FIG. 8 is 1.0. This can be confirmed by substituting R3 = 0 into the above-described equation (3b). Accordingly, in this first operation mode (low sensitivity measurement mode), the output voltage E2 of the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744b is equal to the output voltage E1 of the IV conversion circuit 742, and therefore the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744b is used to reduce the output voltage E2. Sensitivity measurement can be performed. On the other hand, when the switch SW1 is in the off state (the state in FIG. 8), the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744b in FIG. 8 is equivalent to the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744 in FIG. Therefore, in the second operation mode (high sensitivity measurement mode), it is possible to perform high sensitivity measurement using the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744b. For example, in step S100 of the processing procedure of FIG. 5, the on / off state of the switch SW1 is switched to set the above-described first operation mode, and in step S130, the on / off state of the switch SW1 is switched to set the above-described first operation mode. By setting the operation mode 2 (the state shown in FIG. 8), it is possible to execute low sensitivity measurement and high sensitivity measurement, respectively. In other words, in the third embodiment, the high sensitivity measurement circuit 744b also functions as a low sensitivity measurement circuit, and the low sensitivity measurement signal SWesc and the high sensitivity measurement signal SSesc are required only by changing the amplification degree in the amplifier circuit AMP2. It is possible to generate appropriately according to. The amplification degree in the first operation mode (low sensitivity measurement mode) described above is set to a value smaller than the amplification degree in the second operation mode (high sensitivity measurement mode). In the example of FIG. 8, the amplification degree in the first operation mode is 1.0, but it may be set to a value other than 1.0.

  The procedure of the measurement process in the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment described above except for the switching of the switch SW1. As the circuit configuration for changing the amplification degree of the amplifier circuit AMP2, various configurations other than those shown in FIG. 8 can be adopted.

  The third embodiment also has the same effect as the first embodiment described above. In the third embodiment, since the low-sensitivity measurement signal SWesc and the high-sensitivity measurement signal SSesc are output using the same amplifier circuit AMP2, it is possible to reduce the occurrence of measurement signal errors due to differences in the amplifier circuits. . As can be understood from the first to third embodiments, the measurement signal generation circuit does not need to have the low sensitivity measurement circuit and the high sensitivity measurement circuit separately, but the low sensitivity measurement signal and the high sensitivity measurement signal It is preferable to have a circuit configuration capable of generating

D. Variations:
In addition, this invention is not restricted to said embodiment, In the range which does not deviate from the summary, it can be implemented in a various aspect, For example, the following deformation | transformation is also possible.

・ Modification 1:
The configuration of the particle measurement system 10 described in the first embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention can be realized by a configuration other than the particle measurement system 10 shown in the first embodiment. For example, the fine particle measurement system 10 may not include the second electrode 132. In the fine particle measurement system 10, the ion generation unit 110 may be configured separately from the fine particle sensor 100 instead of inside the fine particle sensor 100. Further, the first electrode 112 is disposed in the charging chamber 121 so as to penetrate the front and rear of the partition wall 42, and a corona discharge is generated between the distal end portion of the first electrode 112 and the inner wall surface of the charging chamber 121. May be. In this case, the ion generation unit 110 and the exhaust gas charging unit 120 are integrated. The measurement current generation circuit 740 may be any circuit that can generate a signal indicating the amount of fine particles, and various configurations other than the configurations described in the above-described embodiments can be employed.

Modification 2
The fine particle measurement system 10 of the above-described embodiment is configured to generate cations between the first electrode 112 and the partition wall 42 by corona discharge, but the fine particle measurement system 10 generates anions by corona discharge. It is good also as a structure. For example, by changing the positive and negative connection destinations of the first electrode 112 and the partition wall 42, anions can be generated between the first electrode 112 and the partition wall 42.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Fine particle measurement system 25 ... Ceramic pipe 31 ... Gas flow path 35 ... Discharge hole 41 ... Nozzle 42 ... Partition wall 45 ... Inflow hole 55 ... Air supply hole 100 ... Fine particle sensor 110 ... Ion generation part 111 ... Ion generation chamber 112 ... No. DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 electrode 120 ... Exhaust gas charging part 121 ... Charging chamber 130 ... Ion trap part 131 ... Trapping chamber 132 ... Second electrode 200 ... Cable 221 ... First wiring 222 ... Second wiring 223 ... Signal line 224 ... Air supply Pipe 230 ... Shunt resistance 300 ... Sensor drive part 400 ... Internal combustion engine 402 ... Exhaust gas pipe 405 ... Fuel pipe 410 ... Filter device 420 ... Vehicle control part 430 ... Fuel supply part 440 ... Power supply part 500 ... Vehicle 600 ... Sensor control part 700 ... Electrical circuit section 710 ... Primary power supply circuit 711 ... Discharge voltage control circuit 712 ... Transformer Dynamic circuit 720 ... Insulation transformer 730 ... Corona current measurement circuit 740 ... Measurement signal generation circuit 745 ... Offset voltage adjustment circuit 751, 752 ... Rectification circuit 753, 754 ... Short protection resistance 771-774 ... Wiring 800 ... Air supply part AMP1 3. Amplification circuit (op amp)
CS ... Casing PGL ... Primary side ground R1-R4 ... Resistance SW, SW1 ... Switch SGL ... Secondary side ground Vref ... Reference voltage Voffset ... Offset voltage

Claims (6)

A particle measurement system including a measurement signal generation circuit that generates a measurement signal indicating the amount of particles in a gas,
The measurement signal generation circuit is capable of generating a low sensitivity measurement signal that represents the amount of fine particles with low sensitivity and a high sensitivity measurement signal that represents the amount of fine particles with higher sensitivity than the low sensitivity measurement signal.
The fine particle measurement system includes a sensor control unit that adaptively changes a measurement window of the high sensitivity measurement signal in the measurement signal generation circuit according to a voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal.
A fine particle measuring system characterized by that. The fine particle measurement system according to claim 1, further comprising:
An ion generator that generates ions by corona discharge;
A charging chamber for charging at least some of the fine particles in the gas using the ions;
A capturing unit that captures at least a part of the ions that were not used for charging the fine particles,
The measurement signal generation circuit includes the low-sensitivity measurement signal and the high-sensitivity signal based on a current value corresponding to a difference between the amount of ions generated from the ion generation unit and the amount of ions captured by the capture unit. Generate a sensitivity measurement signal,
A fine particle measuring system characterized by that. The fine particle measurement system according to claim 2,
The measurement signal generation circuit includes:
An IV conversion circuit that changes a current corresponding to a difference between the amount of ions generated from the ion generation unit and the amount of ions captured by the capture unit into a voltage;
A high-sensitivity measurement circuit that amplifies the output voltage of the IV conversion circuit with a first amplification degree;
With
The measurement signal generation circuit includes:
(I) a first voltage equal to an output voltage of the IV conversion circuit, or a second voltage obtained by amplifying the first voltage with a second amplification factor smaller than the first amplification factor, Output as the low sensitivity measurement signal,
(Ii) outputting the output voltage of the high sensitivity measurement circuit as the high sensitivity measurement signal;
A fine particle measuring system characterized by that. The fine particle measurement system according to claim 3,
The high sensitivity measurement circuit includes:
An amplifier circuit having first and second input terminals, amplifying the low sensitivity measurement signal supplied to the first input terminal to generate the high sensitivity measurement signal;
An offset voltage adjustment circuit capable of changing an offset voltage supplied to the second input terminal of the amplifier circuit;
With
The sensor control unit causes the offset voltage adjustment circuit to adjust the offset voltage by supplying the offset voltage adjustment circuit with an offset signal having a signal level determined based on the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal. Adaptively changing the measurement window of the high-sensitivity measurement signal,
A fine particle measuring system characterized by that. The fine particle measurement system according to claim 1 or 2,
The measurement signal generation circuit includes:
An amplifier circuit having first and second input terminals, amplifying the low sensitivity measurement signal supplied to the first input terminal to generate the high sensitivity measurement signal;
An offset voltage adjustment circuit capable of changing an offset voltage supplied to the second input terminal of the amplifier circuit;
With
The sensor control unit causes the offset voltage adjustment circuit to adjust the offset voltage by supplying the offset voltage adjustment circuit with an offset signal having a signal level determined based on the voltage level of the low sensitivity measurement signal. Adaptively changing the measurement window of the high-sensitivity measurement signal,
A fine particle measuring system characterized by that. The fine particle measurement system according to claim 4 or 5,
The sensor control unit changes a degree of amplification of the amplifier circuit, thereby outputting a first operation mode for outputting the low sensitivity measurement signal from the amplifier circuit, and a first operation mode for outputting the high sensitivity measurement signal from the amplifier circuit. Switch between two operation modes,
A fine particle measuring system characterized by that.

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