JP6130129B2 - Fuel cell device - Google Patents
Fuel cell device Download PDFInfo
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- JP6130129B2 JP6130129B2 JP2012261963A JP2012261963A JP6130129B2 JP 6130129 B2 JP6130129 B2 JP 6130129B2 JP 2012261963 A JP2012261963 A JP 2012261963A JP 2012261963 A JP2012261963 A JP 2012261963A JP 6130129 B2 JP6130129 B2 JP 6130129B2
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- reformer
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims description 181
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 82
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 19
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000004939 coking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000629 steam reforming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002453 autothermal reforming Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006057 reforming reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N novaluron Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(OC(F)(F)C(OC(F)(F)F)F)=CC=C1NC(=O)NC(=O)C1=C(F)C=CC=C1F NJPPVKZQTLUDBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000006200 vaporizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010349 pulsation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Description
本発明は、燃料改質器を備える燃料電池装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a fuel cell device including a fuel reformer.
内部改質型の燃料電池装置は、炭化水素系の燃料（原燃料）を主に水蒸気改質反応により改質して水素リッチな改質燃料を生成する燃料改質器と、改質燃料と酸化剤（一般に空気）との電気化学反応により発電する燃料電池スタックと、を含んで構成される。この場合、燃料改質器には、燃料と水とを供給する。 The internal reforming type fuel cell device includes a fuel reformer that generates a hydrogen-rich reformed fuel by reforming a hydrocarbon-based fuel (raw fuel) mainly by a steam reforming reaction, And a fuel cell stack that generates electricity by an electrochemical reaction with an oxidant (generally air). In this case, fuel and water are supplied to the fuel reformer.
特許文献１には、改質器（気化部）の供給口に原燃料及び水をそれぞれ供給するための二重管が接続されている改質器が開示されている。この改質器においては、気化部の供給口に接続される原燃料を供給するための原燃料供給管の内側に、気化部に水を供給するための水供給管が設けられており、原燃料供給管と水供給管とが二重管として形成されている。 Patent Document 1 discloses a reformer in which double pipes for supplying raw fuel and water are respectively connected to supply ports of a reformer (vaporization unit). In this reformer, a water supply pipe for supplying water to the vaporizer is provided inside the raw fuel supply pipe for supplying raw fuel connected to the supply port of the vaporizer. The fuel supply pipe and the water supply pipe are formed as a double pipe.
燃料改質器への燃料及び水の供給管は、燃料電池スタック及び燃料改質器を収納する筐体の外部から筐体を貫通して筐体内の燃料改質器に接続される。従って、燃料改質器の熱は燃料及び水の供給管を通じて筐体外に放熱することから、改質性能を良好に維持するために放熱量を抑制することが求められる。 The fuel and water supply pipes to the fuel reformer pass through the casing from the outside of the casing that houses the fuel cell stack and the fuel reformer, and are connected to the fuel reformer in the casing. Accordingly, since the heat of the fuel reformer is radiated to the outside of the housing through the fuel and water supply pipes, it is required to suppress the heat radiation amount in order to maintain the reforming performance satisfactorily.
特許文献１に記載の技術では、燃料と水とを二重管により供給することで、放熱量を抑制できるという利点がある。 The technique described in Patent Document 1 has an advantage that the amount of heat release can be suppressed by supplying fuel and water through a double pipe.
しかしながら、特許文献１に記載の技術では、二重管によって燃料と水とを別々に供給するため、次のような問題がある。すなわち、炭化水素系の燃料を約３００℃以上の高温部に単独で流すとコーキングが発生しやすい。炭化水素系の燃料に水（又は水蒸気）が僅かでも含まれている場合はコーキングの発生が大きく緩和されるが、水と合流する前の燃料配管においては、コーキングが発生しやすく、これによって流路閉塞につながる。 However, the technique described in Patent Document 1 has the following problems because fuel and water are separately supplied by a double pipe. That is, coking is likely to occur when a hydrocarbon-based fuel is caused to flow alone to a high temperature portion of about 300 ° C. or higher. If the hydrocarbon fuel contains even a small amount of water (or water vapor), the occurrence of coking is greatly mitigated. However, coking is likely to occur in the fuel pipe before it joins with water. It leads to road blockage.
また、放熱量抑制という観点から見ても、単に燃料及び水の供給管を共通化するだけでは不十分である。燃料電池装置の制御のために改質器温度を知ることは重要であり、改質器温度測定デバイスを設置する場合、これも筐体を貫通させる必要がある。従って、改質器温度測定デバイスによっても放熱量が増えることになるからである。 Also, from the viewpoint of suppressing the amount of heat release, it is not sufficient to simply share the fuel and water supply pipes. It is important to know the reformer temperature for the control of the fuel cell apparatus, and when a reformer temperature measuring device is installed, it is necessary to penetrate the housing as well. Therefore, the amount of heat release is also increased by the reformer temperature measuring device.
本発明は、このような実状に鑑み、内部改質型の燃料電池装置における燃料改質器からの放熱を抑制すると共に、燃料配管でのコーキングの発生を抑制することを課題とする。 In view of such a situation, an object of the present invention is to suppress heat radiation from a fuel reformer in an internal reforming fuel cell apparatus and to suppress the occurrence of coking in a fuel pipe.
本発明に係る燃料電池装置は、燃料電池スタックを収納する筐体内に燃料改質器を備えると共に、前記筐体を貫通して燃料及び水を前記燃料改質器に供給する供給管を備える。ここにおいて、前記供給管は、１本で燃料及び水を混在状態で供給するものであり、かつ、その管内に、改質器温度測定デバイスを挿通する鞘管を有する構成とする。前記供給管は、また、筐体外の端部に接続される継手を有し、前記継手は、前記供給管の軸線の延長方向に開口し前記鞘管の内周側と連通する改質器温度測定デバイス挿入部と、前記供給管の軸線と交差する方向にそれぞれ開口し前記鞘管の外周側と連通する燃料入口及び水入口と、を有する構成とする。 The fuel cell device according to the present invention includes a fuel reformer in a housing that houses a fuel cell stack, and a supply pipe that passes through the housing and supplies fuel and water to the fuel reformer. Here, the supply pipe is configured to supply fuel and water in a mixed state, and has a sheath pipe through which the reformer temperature measuring device is inserted. The supply pipe also has a joint connected to an end portion outside the housing, and the joint opens in the extension direction of the axis of the supply pipe and communicates with the inner peripheral side of the sheath pipe. A measurement device insertion portion, and a fuel inlet and a water inlet that open in the direction intersecting the axis of the supply pipe and communicate with the outer peripheral side of the sheath pipe are provided.
本発明によれば、燃料及び水の供給管と改質器温度測定デバイス挿通用の鞘管とを二重管構造とすることで、筐体貫通部を共通化し、放熱量抑制を図ることができる。また、貫通部のシール部材の削減によるコストダウン等を図ることもできる。
また、燃料及び水の供給管は、燃料及び水を混在状態で供給する構成とすることで、高温部でのコーキングの発生を抑制できる。
According to the present invention, by making the fuel and water supply pipe and the sheath pipe for inserting the reformer temperature measuring device into a double pipe structure, it is possible to make the housing penetration common and to suppress the heat radiation amount. it can. In addition, the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of sealing members in the through portion.
In addition, the fuel and water supply pipes are configured to supply fuel and water in a mixed state, thereby suppressing the occurrence of coking in the high temperature part.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について、詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明の一実施形態を示す燃料電池装置の概念図である。
本実施形態の燃料電池装置は、固体酸化物形燃料電池（ＳＯＦＣ）方式であり、筐体１内に、燃料電池スタック２、オフガス燃焼部３、及び、燃料改質器４を備える。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of a fuel cell device showing an embodiment of the present invention.
The fuel cell device according to this embodiment is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system, and includes a fuel cell stack 2, an off-gas combustion unit 3, and a fuel reformer 4 in a housing 1.
筐体１は、耐熱性金属により形成されており、その内面及び／又は外面には断熱材が配置される。 The housing 1 is made of a heat-resistant metal, and a heat insulating material is disposed on the inner surface and / or outer surface thereof.
燃料改質器４は、炭化水素系の燃料（原燃料）を主に水蒸気改質反応により改質して水素リッチな改質燃料を生成する。このため、燃料改質器４には、筐体１外の燃料ポンプ１１により燃料が供給されると共に、筐体１外の水ポンプ１２により改質用の水が供給される。 The fuel reformer 4 reforms a hydrocarbon-based fuel (raw fuel) mainly by a steam reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed fuel. For this reason, fuel is supplied to the fuel reformer 4 by the fuel pump 11 outside the housing 1 and water for reforming is supplied by the water pump 12 outside the housing 1.
また、燃料改質器４には、改質器温度の測定のため、筐体１外より、改質器温度測定デバイス（１３）が挿入されている。改質温度測定デバイスとしては、例えば、熱電対、サーミスタなどを用いることができ、本実施形態では、改質温度測定デバイスとして熱電対１３を用いる形態について説明する。熱電対１３の検出信号は制御装置（図示せず）に入力されて各種制御に利用される。ここで、燃料及び水の供給管と熱電対１３挿通用の鞘管とは、後に詳述するように一体化されている（図示Ｐ）。 Further, a reformer temperature measuring device (13) is inserted into the fuel reformer 4 from the outside of the housing 1 for measuring the reformer temperature. For example, a thermocouple, a thermistor, or the like can be used as the reforming temperature measuring device. In the present embodiment, a mode in which the thermocouple 13 is used as the reforming temperature measuring device will be described. The detection signal of the thermocouple 13 is input to a control device (not shown) and used for various controls. Here, the fuel and water supply pipe and the sheath pipe for inserting the thermocouple 13 are integrated as described in detail later (P in the drawing).
尚、燃料改質器４は、水蒸気改質反応の他、部分酸化改質反応や自己熱改質反応を行わせることも可能であり、起動工程時には、温度上昇に伴わせて、部分酸化改質反応→自己熱改質反応→水蒸気改質反応の順、又は、自己熱改質反応→水蒸気改質反応の順で、改質反応を切換えてもよい。 In addition to the steam reforming reaction, the fuel reformer 4 can also perform a partial oxidation reforming reaction or an autothermal reforming reaction. During the start-up process, the partial reforming reforming is performed as the temperature rises. The reforming reaction may be switched in the order of quality reaction → autothermal reforming reaction → steam reforming reaction or autothermal reforming reaction → steam reforming reaction.
燃料改質器４の出口側からは、生成された改質燃料の供給管５が導出され、燃料電池スタック２の台座（燃料分配部）６に接続されている。 A supply pipe 5 for the generated reformed fuel is led out from the outlet side of the fuel reformer 4 and connected to a pedestal (fuel distribution unit) 6 of the fuel cell stack 2.
燃料電池スタック２は、複数の固体酸化物形燃料電池セルを直列及び／又は並列に接続してなる組立体である。各燃料電池セルは固体酸化物電解質の両面に燃料極（アノード）及び酸化剤極（カソード）を積層してなり、燃料極には台座６から改質燃料が供給され、酸化剤極には筐体１外の酸化剤ポンプ１４により酸化剤供給通路１５を通じて酸化剤（一般に空気）が供給される。 The fuel cell stack 2 is an assembly formed by connecting a plurality of solid oxide fuel cells in series and / or in parallel. Each fuel cell is formed by laminating a fuel electrode (anode) and an oxidant electrode (cathode) on both sides of a solid oxide electrolyte. Reformed fuel is supplied from the pedestal 6 to the fuel electrode, and the oxidant electrode has a housing. An oxidant (generally air) is supplied through an oxidant supply passage 15 by an oxidant pump 14 outside the body 1.
従って、燃料電池セルの各々において、酸化剤極にて、下記（１）式の電極反応が生起され、燃料極にて、下記（２）式の電極反応が生起されて、発電がなされる。
酸化剤極： １／２Ｏ２＋２ｅ−→Ｏ２−（固体電解質） ・・・（１）
燃料極： Ｏ２−（固体電解質）＋Ｈ２→Ｈ２Ｏ＋２ｅ− ・・・（２）
Therefore, in each fuel cell, an electrode reaction of the following formula (1) occurs at the oxidant electrode, and an electrode reaction of the following formula (2) occurs at the fuel electrode to generate power.
Oxidant electrode: 1 / 2O 2 + 2e − → O 2− (solid electrolyte) (1)
Fuel electrode: O 2− (solid electrolyte) + H 2 → H 2 O + 2e − (2)
オフガス燃焼部３は、燃料電池スタック２での余剰の改質燃料（発電未反応ガスとして排出されるオフガス）を余剰の酸化剤の存在下で燃焼させ、燃料電池スタック２及び燃料改質器４を高温状態に維持する。ここで、燃料電池スタック２の上端部が燃料電池スタック２からのオフガスの排出部となり、オフガスは図示しない着火手段により着火されて燃焼する。従って、燃料電池スタック２の上端部側がオフガス燃焼部３となる。オフガス燃焼部３での燃焼熱により燃料電池スタック２及び燃料改質器４は発電可能及び改質可能な高温状態に維持される。燃焼によって生成された高温の排気ガスは排気通路１６により筐体１外に排出されるが、その廃熱は適宜熱利用される。 The off-gas combustion unit 3 burns surplus reformed fuel in the fuel cell stack 2 (off-gas discharged as power generation unreacted gas) in the presence of surplus oxidant, and the fuel cell stack 2 and the fuel reformer 4 Is maintained at a high temperature. Here, the upper end portion of the fuel cell stack 2 serves as a discharge portion for the off gas from the fuel cell stack 2, and the off gas is ignited by an ignition means (not shown) and burned. Therefore, the upper end side of the fuel cell stack 2 is the off-gas combustion unit 3. The fuel cell stack 2 and the fuel reformer 4 are maintained in a high-temperature state capable of generating power and reforming by the combustion heat in the off-gas combustion unit 3. The high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the combustion is discharged out of the housing 1 through the exhaust passage 16, and the waste heat is appropriately used as heat.
制御装置（図示せず）は、マイクロコンピュータを含んで構成され、燃料ポンプ１１、水ポンプ１２及び酸化剤ポンプ１４による燃料、水、酸化剤の供給量を制御すると共に、燃料電池スタック２の出力側に設けられるパワーコンディショナー（図示せず）を介して、燃料電池スタック２からの電流掃引を制御し、これらによって発電電力を制御する。 The control device (not shown) includes a microcomputer, controls the amount of fuel, water and oxidant supplied by the fuel pump 11, the water pump 12 and the oxidant pump 14, and outputs the fuel cell stack 2. A current sweep from the fuel cell stack 2 is controlled via a power conditioner (not shown) provided on the side, and generated power is controlled by these.
次に燃料改質器４及びその配管構造について説明する。
図２は燃料改質器４及び配管の斜視図、図３は筐体外部の配管の斜視図、図４は筐体外部の配管の拡大断面図である。
Next, the fuel reformer 4 and its piping structure will be described.
2 is a perspective view of the fuel reformer 4 and piping, FIG. 3 is a perspective view of piping outside the housing, and FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of piping outside the housing.
燃料改質器４は、図２に示されるように、扁平かつ横長の箱状容器２０（蓋部材については図示省略）を主体として構成される。この箱状容器２０には、その長手方向一端側の端壁２０ａに入口部２１が形成され、他端側の端壁２０ｂに出口部２２が形成される。従って、箱状容器２０の内部には、入口部２１から出口部２２へ向かう流路が形成される。そして、この流路の途中（端壁２０ａ、２０ｂ間）に区画壁２０ｃが設けられ、区画壁２０ｃの上流側に水気化部２３が区画され、区画壁２０ｃの下流側に改質部２４が区画される。 As shown in FIG. 2, the fuel reformer 4 is mainly composed of a flat and horizontally long box-shaped container 20 (the lid member is not shown). The box-like container 20 has an inlet portion 21 formed on the end wall 20a on one end side in the longitudinal direction, and an outlet portion 22 formed on the end wall 20b on the other end side. Accordingly, a flow path from the inlet 21 to the outlet 22 is formed inside the box-shaped container 20. A partition wall 20c is provided in the middle of the flow path (between the end walls 20a and 20b), the water vaporization unit 23 is partitioned upstream of the partition wall 20c, and the reforming unit 24 is downstream of the partition wall 20c. Partitioned.
水気化部２３は、その内部にアルミナボール等の伝熱部材を充填してあり、水を気化させて、水蒸気を生成する。
改質部２４は、その内部に改質触媒を充填してあり、燃料を主に水蒸気改質反応により改質して、水素リッチな改質燃料を生成する。
The water vaporizing unit 23 is filled with a heat transfer member such as an alumina ball, and vaporizes water to generate water vapor.
The reforming unit 24 is filled with a reforming catalyst, and reforms the fuel mainly by a steam reforming reaction to generate a hydrogen-rich reformed fuel.
区画壁２０ｃは、本実施形態では箱状容器２０の高さより低い堰状に形成されているが、これに限るものではなく、伝熱部材及び改質触媒の移動を阻止する一方、燃料及び水の通過を許容できるものであればよい。 In the present embodiment, the partition wall 20c is formed in a dam shape lower than the height of the box-shaped container 20, but is not limited to this, and prevents movement of the heat transfer member and the reforming catalyst, while the fuel and water It is sufficient if it can allow the passage of.
前記入口部２１には、燃料及び水の供給管２５が接続される。前記出口部２２には、図１中の改質燃料の供給管５が接続される。 A fuel and water supply pipe 25 is connected to the inlet 21. The reformed fuel supply pipe 5 in FIG. 1 is connected to the outlet portion 22.
燃料及び水の供給管２５について更に詳しく説明する。
燃料及び水の供給管２５は、１本で、燃料及び水を混在状態で供給するものであり、かつ、その管内に、改質器温度測定用の熱電対１３を挿通する鞘管２６を有している。すなわち、燃料及び水の供給管２５と、熱電対挿通用の鞘管２６とは、二重管構造をなしている。尚、前述のように燃料改質器４にて部分酸化反応を行わせるときには、燃料及び水の供給管２５を酸化剤の供給に用いることもある。
The fuel and water supply pipe 25 will be described in more detail.
The fuel and water supply pipe 25 is a single pipe that supplies fuel and water in a mixed state, and has a sheath pipe 26 through which the thermocouple 13 for measuring the reformer temperature is inserted. doing. That is, the fuel and water supply pipe 25 and the thermocouple insertion sheath pipe 26 have a double pipe structure. As described above, when the partial reforming reaction is performed in the fuel reformer 4, the fuel and water supply pipe 25 may be used for supplying the oxidant.
燃料及び水の供給管２５は、箱状容器２０の端壁２０ａ（入口部２１）、すなわち水気化部２３の入口側に開口する。その一方、熱電対挿通用の鞘管２６は、箱状容器２０内に延在し、水気化部２３を通過し、区画壁２０ｃを貫通して、改質部２４に達する。これにより、熱電対１３の先端部を改質部２４に位置させて、改質器温度を測定するのが容易となる。 The fuel and water supply pipe 25 opens to the end wall 20 a (inlet part 21) of the box-shaped container 20, that is, the inlet side of the water vaporization part 23. On the other hand, the thermocouple insertion sheath tube 26 extends into the box-shaped container 20, passes through the water vaporization section 23, passes through the partition wall 20 c, and reaches the reforming section 24. Thereby, it becomes easy to position the front-end | tip part of the thermocouple 13 in the reforming part 24, and to measure reformer temperature.
燃料及び水の供給管２５（及びその内部の鞘管２６）は、図３及び図４に示されるように、燃料電池スタック及び燃料改質器を収納する筐体（その壁部）１を貫通して筐体１外へ延びている。
燃料及び水の供給管２５の筐体１貫通部には、シール部材（スタフィングボックス）２７を介装する。二重管構造とすることで、鞘管２６専用のシール部材を不要とすることができる。
As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the fuel and water supply pipe 25 (and the inner sheath pipe 26) penetrates the casing (the wall portion) 1 for housing the fuel cell stack and the fuel reformer. And extends outside the housing 1.
A seal member (stuffing box) 27 is interposed in the casing 1 through portion of the fuel and water supply pipe 25. By using a double tube structure, a seal member dedicated to the sheath tube 26 can be dispensed with.
燃料及び水の供給管２５（及びその内部の鞘管２６）の筐体１外の端部には、継手２８が接続される。継手２８の固定にはクイックファスナー２９を用いる。
継手２８は、図４に示されるように、供給管２５の軸線の延長方向に開口し、鞘管２６の内周側と連通する熱電対挿入部（改質器温度測定デバイス挿入部）３０と、供給管２５の軸線と交差する方向にそれぞれ開口し鞘管２６の外周側と連通する燃料入口３１及び水入口３２とを有する。
A joint 28 is connected to the end of the fuel and water supply pipe 25 (and the sheath pipe 26 inside thereof) outside the housing 1. A quick fastener 29 is used to fix the joint 28.
As shown in FIG. 4, the joint 28 opens in the direction of extension of the axis of the supply pipe 25, and is connected to a thermocouple insertion part (reformer temperature measurement device insertion part) 30 communicating with the inner peripheral side of the sheath pipe 26. The fuel inlet 31 and the water inlet 32 open in the direction intersecting the axis of the supply pipe 25 and communicate with the outer peripheral side of the sheath pipe 26.
ここで、供給管２５は水平に配置され、燃料入口３１は上向きに開口し、水入口３２は下向きに開口する。
燃料入口３１には上方からフランジ３３ａ付きの燃料配管３３を接続する。水入口３２には下方からフランジ３４ａ付きの水配管３４を接続する。これらの配管３３、３４の固定にはクイックファスナー３５を用いる。
Here, the supply pipe 25 is disposed horizontally, the fuel inlet 31 opens upward, and the water inlet 32 opens downward.
A fuel pipe 33 with a flange 33a is connected to the fuel inlet 31 from above. A water pipe 34 with a flange 34a is connected to the water inlet 32 from below. A quick fastener 35 is used to fix these pipes 33 and 34.
図５はクイックファスナー２９の説明図であり、図４のａ−ａ矢視図に相当する。クイックファスナー２９は、図５に示されるように、燃料及び水の供給管２５外周への嵌合固定部２９ａと、継手２８外周の溝部への嵌合固定部２９ｂとを一体に有し、燃料及び水の供給管２５と継手２８とを固定する。 FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the quick fastener 29, and corresponds to a view taken along the line aa in FIG. As shown in FIG. 5, the quick fastener 29 integrally includes a fitting and fixing portion 29 a to the outer periphery of the fuel and water supply pipe 25 and a fitting and fixing portion 29 b to the groove portion of the outer periphery of the joint 28. And the water supply pipe 25 and the joint 28 are fixed.
図６はクイックファスナー３５の説明図であり、図６（Ａ）は図４のｂ−ｂ矢視図に相当する。図６（Ｂ）は図６（Ａ）の平面図である。クイックファスナー３５は、図６に示されるように、燃料配管３３外周への嵌合固定部３５ａと、水配管３４外周への嵌合固定部３５ｂとを一体に有し、燃料配管３３のフランジ３３ａと水配管３４のフランジ３４ａとを上下から挟持する。 FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the quick fastener 35, and FIG. 6 (A) corresponds to a view taken along the line bb of FIG. FIG. 6B is a plan view of FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the quick fastener 35 integrally includes a fitting fixing part 35 a to the outer periphery of the fuel pipe 33 and a fitting fixing part 35 b to the outer periphery of the water pipe 34, and the flange 33 a of the fuel pipe 33. And the flange 34a of the water pipe 34 are sandwiched from above and below.
本実施形態によれば、燃料及び水の供給管２５と熱電対挿通用の鞘管２６とを二重管構造とすることで、筐体貫通部を共通化し、放熱量抑制を図ることができる。また、貫通部のシール部材２７の削減によるコストダウン等を図ることもできる。
また、燃料及び水の供給管２５は、燃料及び水を混在状態で供給する構成とすることで、高温部でのコーキングの発生を抑制できる。このため、流路閉塞等を低減することができる。
According to the present embodiment, the fuel and water supply pipe 25 and the thermocouple insertion sheath pipe 26 have a double pipe structure, so that the housing penetration can be made common and the amount of heat radiation can be suppressed. . Further, the cost can be reduced by reducing the number of sealing members 27 at the penetrating portion.
Further, the fuel and water supply pipe 25 is configured to supply the fuel and water in a mixed state, thereby suppressing the occurrence of coking in the high temperature portion. For this reason, channel blockage etc. can be reduced.
また、本実施形態によれば、供給管２５は、筐体１外の端部に接続される継手２８を有する構成とし、この継手２８は、供給管２５の軸線の延長方向に開口し鞘管２６の内周側と連通する熱電対挿入部３０と、供給管２５の軸線と交差する方向にそれぞれ開口し鞘管２６の外周側と連通する燃料入口３１及び水入口３２と、を有する構成とすることにより、熱電対挿入部３０と燃料入口３１及び水入口３２とをコンパクトにまとめることができる。 Further, according to the present embodiment, the supply pipe 25 is configured to have a joint 28 connected to an end portion outside the housing 1, and the joint 28 opens in the extending direction of the axis of the supply pipe 25 and is a sheath pipe. A thermocouple insertion portion 30 that communicates with the inner peripheral side of the pipe 26, and a fuel inlet 31 and a water inlet 32 that open in the direction intersecting the axis of the supply pipe 25 and communicate with the outer peripheral side of the sheath pipe 26, respectively. By doing so, the thermocouple insertion part 30, the fuel inlet 31, and the water inlet 32 can be put together compactly.
また、本実施形態によれば、供給管２５は水平に配置され、燃料入口３１は上向きに開口し、水入口２６は下向きに開口することにより、燃料配管３３が下向き、水配管３４が上向きとなり、次のような効果を得ることができる。 Further, according to the present embodiment, the supply pipe 25 is disposed horizontally, the fuel inlet 31 opens upward, and the water inlet 26 opens downward, so that the fuel pipe 33 faces downward and the water pipe 34 faces upward. The following effects can be obtained.
燃料入口３１が下向き、水入口２６が上向きに設けられている構造においては、燃料の吐出圧力によっては、燃料と比較すると比重が重い水が燃料配管３３に逆流する可能性がある。その場合、水ポンプ１２から正確な水量を吐出しても、その水量が燃料改質器４に供給されないことになる。継手２８内に二流体の逆流を抑制する構造を設けることによっても解決することができるが、燃料入口３１を上向き、水入口２６を下向きにすることで、特別な構造を備えることなく、水が燃料配管３３に逆流することを抑制し、正確な水量を燃料改質器４に供給することができる。 In the structure in which the fuel inlet 31 is provided downward and the water inlet 26 is provided upward, water having a higher specific gravity than the fuel may flow backward to the fuel pipe 33 depending on the fuel discharge pressure. In that case, even if an accurate amount of water is discharged from the water pump 12, the amount of water is not supplied to the fuel reformer 4. This can also be solved by providing a structure that suppresses the backflow of the two fluids in the joint 28. However, by providing the fuel inlet 31 upward and the water inlet 26 downward, water can be supplied without providing a special structure. Backflow to the fuel pipe 33 can be suppressed and an accurate amount of water can be supplied to the fuel reformer 4.
また、液体を下向きに供給すると、液体は自重の影響を受けて流れ込むこととなり、液滴による流量の乱れや脈動を生じるなど、気体と比較してその流量の管理が難しいため、下向きに供給される流体はガス状であることがより好ましい。この点も踏まえると、ガス状の燃料を上から、水を下から送り込むことで、水及び燃料の流量の管理がより正確かつ容易となり、本実施形態の配管構造による安定供給の効果をより一層発揮させることができる。尚、燃料として液体燃料を使用しても、供給管２５へ供給する前に気化させる構成として、燃料が燃料入口３１に対しガス燃料として供給されるようにすれば、同等の効果を得ることができる。 Also, if the liquid is supplied downward, the liquid will flow under the influence of its own weight, and the flow rate is difficult to manage compared to the gas, such as turbulence and pulsation caused by droplets. More preferably, the fluid is gaseous. Considering this point, the flow rate of water and fuel can be managed more accurately and easily by sending gaseous fuel from the top and water from the bottom, and the effect of the stable supply by the piping structure of the present embodiment is further enhanced. It can be demonstrated. Even if liquid fuel is used as the fuel, the same effect can be obtained if the fuel is supplied as gas fuel to the fuel inlet 31 as a structure that is vaporized before being supplied to the supply pipe 25. it can.
また、本実施形態によれば、燃料入口３１に上方から接続されるフランジ３３ａ付きの燃料配管３３と、水入口３２に下方から接続されるフランジ３４ａ付きの水配管３４とを固定するため、燃料配管３３のフランジ３３ａと水配管３４のフランジ３４ａとを上下から挟持する配管固定用ファスナー３５を用いることにより、配管の固定を簡単かつ容易に行うことができる。 Further, according to the present embodiment, the fuel pipe 33 with the flange 33a connected to the fuel inlet 31 from above and the water pipe 34 with the flange 34a connected to the water inlet 32 from below are fixed. By using the pipe fixing fastener 35 that sandwiches the flange 33a of the pipe 33 and the flange 34a of the water pipe 34 from above and below, the pipe can be fixed easily and easily.
尚、図示の実施形態はあくまで本発明を例示するものであり、本発明は、説明した実施形態により直接的に示されるものに加え、請求の範囲内で当業者によりなされる各種の改良・変更を包含するものであることは言うまでもない。 The illustrated embodiment is merely an example of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described directly, but includes various improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the claims. Needless to say, it is included.
実施の形態として、固体酸化物形燃料電池（ＳＯＦＣ）方式を例示したが、これに限らない。放熱量の低減及び原燃料配管のコーキング抑制は各種の燃料電池方式において共通の課題であることから、水蒸気改質を行う燃料改質器を備える各種の方式の燃料電池装置に本発明を適用することができる。 As an embodiment, a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) system has been exemplified, but the present invention is not limited to this. Since reduction of heat release and suppression of coking of raw fuel piping are common problems in various fuel cell systems, the present invention is applied to various types of fuel cell apparatuses including a fuel reformer that performs steam reforming. be able to.
図１では、オフガス燃焼部３が燃料電池スタック２の上端部と燃料改質器４の下部との間に設けられる形態を例示したが、これに限らない。例えば、筐体１内を燃料電池スタック２を設置するブロックと、燃料改質器４及びオフガス燃焼部３を設置するブロックとに区画し、燃料電池スタック２を設置するブロックから燃料改質器４及びオフガス燃焼部３を設置するブロックにオフガスを導いて、オフガスを燃焼させ、燃料改質器４を高温状態に維持してもよい。また、燃料改質器４をヒータで加熱する場合やオフガス燃焼熱を利用せずに燃料電池スタック２の発熱のみで改質に必要な熱量を賄える場合は、オフガス燃焼部３を省略してもよい。 In FIG. 1, the off gas combustion unit 3 is illustrated as being provided between the upper end of the fuel cell stack 2 and the lower part of the fuel reformer 4, but this is not a limitation. For example, the housing 1 is partitioned into a block for installing the fuel cell stack 2 and a block for installing the fuel reformer 4 and the off-gas combustion unit 3, and the block for installing the fuel cell stack 2 is changed to the fuel reformer 4. In addition, the off-gas may be guided to a block where the off-gas combustion unit 3 is installed to burn off gas, and the fuel reformer 4 may be maintained at a high temperature. Further, when the fuel reformer 4 is heated by a heater, or when the amount of heat necessary for reforming can be provided only by the heat generation of the fuel cell stack 2 without using the offgas combustion heat, the offgas combustion unit 3 may be omitted. Good.
図２では、燃料改質器４として扁平かつ横長の直方体容器２０を例示したが、これに限らない。例えば、燃料改質器４として円筒状容器を用い、一端面に入口部を、他端面に出口部を形成してもよい。また、改質ガス流路が上下又は左右方向に折り返すような外観及び内部構造を有するものであってもよい。 In FIG. 2, a flat and horizontally long rectangular parallelepiped container 20 is illustrated as the fuel reformer 4, but the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, a cylindrical container may be used as the fuel reformer 4, and an inlet portion may be formed on one end surface and an outlet portion may be formed on the other end surface. Further, the reformed gas flow path may have an appearance and an internal structure such that the reformed gas flow path is folded up and down or left and right.
図４では、燃料及び水の供給管２５が１つの壁部を貫通する例を示しているが、これに限らない。筐体１の内部が層構造になっている場合には、供給管２５は、複数の壁部を貫通して筐体１外へ延びるように設けられる。また、燃料改質器４において部分酸化改質反応又は自己熱改質反応を行う場合、改質用の酸化剤を混合した燃料を燃料配管３３から供給してもよい。 Although FIG. 4 shows an example in which the fuel and water supply pipe 25 penetrates one wall portion, the present invention is not limited to this. When the inside of the housing 1 has a layered structure, the supply pipe 25 is provided so as to extend outside the housing 1 through a plurality of wall portions. Further, when a partial oxidation reforming reaction or an autothermal reforming reaction is performed in the fuel reformer 4, a fuel mixed with an oxidizing agent for reforming may be supplied from the fuel pipe 33.
１ 筐体
２ 燃料電池スタック
３ オフガス燃焼部
４ 燃料改質器
５ 改質燃料の供給管
６ 台座
１１ 燃料ポンプ
１２ 水ポンプ
１３ 熱電対（改質器温度測定デバイス）
１４ 酸化剤ポンプ
１５ 酸化剤供給通路
１６ 排気通路
２０ 箱状容器
２０ａ、２０ｂ 端壁
２０ｃ 区画壁
２１ 入口部
２２ 出口部
２３ 水気化部
２４ 改質部
２５ 燃料及び水の供給管
２６ 熱電対挿通用の鞘管
２７ シール部材
２８ 継手
２９ クイックファスナー
３０ 熱電対挿入部
３１ 燃料入口
３２ 水入口
３３ 燃料配管
３４ 水配管
３５ クイックファスナー
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Case 2 Fuel cell stack 3 Off-gas combustion part 4 Fuel reformer 5 Reformed fuel supply pipe 6 Base 11 Fuel pump 12 Water pump 13 Thermocouple (reformer temperature measuring device)
14 Oxidant pump 15 Oxidant supply passage 16 Exhaust passage 20 Box-shaped container 20a, 20b End wall 20c Partition wall 21 Inlet portion 22 Outlet portion 23 Water vaporizing portion 24 Reforming portion 25 Fuel and water supply pipe 26 Thermocouple insertion Sheath pipe 27 Seal member 28 Joint 29 Quick fastener 30 Thermocouple insertion part 31 Fuel inlet 32 Water inlet 33 Fuel pipe 34 Water pipe 35 Quick fastener
Claims (4)
前記供給管は、１本で燃料及び水を混在状態で供給するものであり、かつ、その管内に、改質器温度測定デバイスを挿通する鞘管を有し、
前記供給管は、また、筐体外の端部に接続される継手を有し、
前記継手は、前記供給管の軸線の延長方向に開口し前記鞘管の内周側と連通する改質器温度測定デバイス挿入部と、前記供給管の軸線と交差する方向にそれぞれ開口し前記鞘管の外周側と連通する燃料入口及び水入口と、を有することを特徴とする、燃料電池装置。 A fuel cell device including a fuel reformer in a housing that houses a fuel cell stack, and a supply pipe that passes through the housing and supplies fuel and water to the fuel reformer,
The supply pipe is intended to supply fuel and water in a mixed state one and, in the tube, have a sheath tube for inserting the reformer temperature measuring device,
The supply pipe also has a joint connected to an end portion outside the housing,
The joint is opened in the extending direction of the axis of the supply pipe and is connected to the reformer temperature measuring device insertion portion communicating with the inner peripheral side of the sheath pipe, and the sheath is opened in a direction intersecting the axis of the supply pipe. A fuel cell device comprising a fuel inlet and a water inlet communicating with an outer peripheral side of a pipe .
前記燃料入口は上向きに開口し、前記水入口は下向きに開口することを特徴とする、請求項１記載の燃料電池装置。 The supply pipe is arranged horizontally;
2. The fuel cell apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel inlet opens upward and the water inlet opens downward.
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