JP6118737B2 - Environmental test equipment and spray nozzle for snowfall - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an environmental test apparatus that can artificially create a snowfall state and accumulate snow on a test object such as a building member or an electric wire. The present invention also relates to a snow spray nozzle for creating a snowfall condition in a predetermined space such as a test room.

One of the environmental test devices is a device called an artificial climate chamber. The artificial climate chamber is a device that artificially creates an environment close to the natural environment. For example, it reproduces the environment of extremely cold Hokkaido or Siberia, and examines the performance and strength of the test object.
One of the artificial climate chambers artificially creates a snowy environment. In this type of artificial climate chamber, for example, a roof material of a house, a vehicle, or the like can be arranged in a test chamber, and pseudo snow can be accumulated thereon.

There are two methods for artificially creating a snow-covered environment: shaving ice blocks to make a snow-like one, dropping it from the ceiling, spraying water in a low-temperature environment, and spraying the water in the middle of dropping There is a way to freeze.
When the cost required for the test is compared, the latter method of spraying water and freezing is advantageous. For this reason, many of the environmental test apparatuses that artificially snow fall have a structure in which a spray nozzle is provided on the ceiling, and the test chamber is maintained at a temperature below freezing and water is sprayed from the nozzle. The sprayed water freezes while floating in the test room, and pseudo snow is generated, falls and accumulates snow.

JP 58-75678 A

However, the method of freezing by spraying water has a problem that a nozzle spraying water may freeze and become clogged.
That is, the water sprayed from the nozzle must be in a liquid state. However, since the nozzle sprays water in a sub-freezing environment, it is exposed to low-temperature air, the water in the nozzle freezes and the nozzle is clogged, or the water sprayed from the nozzle freezes on the nozzle itself. Or spraying may be hindered.

As a countermeasure against this, a method in which a heater is wound around the side of the nozzle and the periphery of the heater is covered with a heat insulating material can be considered.
That is, a heater is wound around the side of the nozzle in order to prevent the nozzle from freezing. In order to avoid the heat generated from the heater from affecting the environment of the test chamber, the periphery of the heater is covered with a heat insulating material.
When a heater is wound around the side of the nozzle, a heat insulating material is indispensable because it is necessary to prevent disturbing the environment of the test chamber as described above. Therefore, the nozzle is covered with the heater and the heat insulating material.

  By the way, since the spray performed for the slack to artificially snow it is necessary to spray fine water droplets, the spray opening (spray hole) of the nozzle is a small hole. For this reason, foreign substances are likely to be clogged in the spray opening of the nozzle, and it is necessary to replace or clean each time.

Moreover, a heater cannot be attached to the spray opening of the nozzle itself or in the vicinity of the spray opening. Therefore, icicle-shaped ice blocks are formed in the vicinity of the spray opening of the nozzle, which may grow and block the spray opening of the nozzle. Further, there is a concern that the spray pattern may be changed even if the spray opening is not blocked.
Also, when water is sprayed from the nozzle vigorously, the spray opening is unlikely to freeze, but when spraying is stopped or interrupted, the water dripping from the nozzle freezes or the water remaining in the nozzle freezes. There is a case. This ice mass may grow and block the spray opening of the nozzle.
That is, depending on the test conditions, snow may be intermittently applied, and spraying from the nozzle may be interrupted during the test. In such a case, water may hang down from the nozzle during the interruption and icicles may be formed.

In this way, when the nozzle spray opening is clogged with foreign matter, or the nozzle spray opening freezes and becomes clogged, it becomes impossible to spray, and the operator enters the test chamber and performs maintenance work to eliminate clogging of the injection hole Must.
Here, when nozzle clogging occurs during continuous testing over a long period of time, the clogging elimination operation becomes very troublesome.

That is, when the test is continuously performed for a long time, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of the test, and thus the environmental test apparatus cannot be stopped. For this reason, the operator must replace or clean the nozzle in an extremely cold environment.
Further, as described above, since the nozzle is covered with the heater and the heat insulating material, it is necessary to remove the surrounding heat insulating material, and further perform maintenance of the nozzle after removing the heater. For this reason, the maintenance of the nozzle is forced to be a fine manual work and is a troublesome work.

In addition, nozzle maintenance is a high-altitude task.
In other words, in order to artificially perform snowfall, the sprayed water must be frozen during the fall to form pseudo snow. Therefore, it is necessary for the test room to secure a considerable drop margin, and the ceiling of the actual test room is 4 to 5 meters above the floor. The above-mentioned nozzle maintenance work must be carried out at such a high place, which is dangerous.

  As described above, the maintenance work of the nozzle needs to be performed in a state where the temperature is kept below freezing so that the snow is not melted. Therefore, the working environment of the operator who maintains the nozzle is very harsh and troublesome.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to develop a snow spray nozzle having a function of preventing icing. Another object of the present invention is to develop an environmental test apparatus equipped with such a snow spray nozzle.

The invention according to claim 1 for solving the above-described problem has a test chamber capable of creating an environment below freezing and a spray nozzle for snowfall, and snowfall in a state where the temperature in the test chamber is maintained below freezing. In an environmental test apparatus that sprays water from a spray nozzle into a test chamber and freezes water droplets in the test chamber to simulate snow in the test chamber, the snow spray nozzle includes a nozzle body for spraying water, and a nozzle body and a package member which constitutes the air flow path between the nozzle body covering the circumference of the time to snowfall in the test chamber, the spraying water from the nozzle body, over through the air to the air passage by replacing the air in the air passage, the air to the passage, the temperature is higher than the freezing point, the dew point is all SANYO lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber, circulating a test room air Has a blower and the blower Air from the air discharge port is introduced into the test chamber, and the air that has passed through the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle is also introduced into the test chamber. The flow rate of the introduced air is an environmental test apparatus characterized by being at least slower than the flow rate of the air discharge port of the blower .

In the invention according to claim 1, the spray nozzle for snowfall has a nozzle body that sprays water and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body and the nozzle body. An annular air layer can be formed around the.
When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is passed through the air flow path at a low speed to replace the air in the air flow path. It has been replaced.
And since the temperature of the air to pass is higher than the temperature of the water sprayed, the water injection site | part of the spray nozzle for snowfall is hard to freeze.
If the dew point of the air to be passed is made lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber, the passing air has a low absolute humidity and is difficult to condense. Therefore, it is difficult for the nozzle body to be iced.
The requirement that “the dew point is lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber (air)” does not need to be dry air or nitrogen.
Since air compressed by a normal compressor is condensed to a certain extent with water vapor in the atmosphere and removed as drain water, the dew point is often lower than the dew point of air in the test chamber. Therefore, in such a case, it is possible to depressurize and use the air compressed by the compressor. However, when the absolute humidity of the air in the test chamber is low, it is necessary to use air or nitrogen that has passed through a dehumidifier and supply this air (nitrogen) to the air flow path.
The flow rate of the air passing through the air flow path is a speed at which the air in the air flow path can be replaced to such an extent that the air is cooled from the exterior member and the temperature in the air flow path does not become a negative temperature, and is preferably low.

The invention described in claim 1 has a blower that circulates the air in the test chamber, the air is discharged from the air discharge port of the blower, and the air is introduced into the test chamber through a predetermined air path. The air passing through the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle is also introduced into the test chamber, and the flow rate of the air introduced from the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle into the test chamber is at least the flow rate of the air discharge port of the blower It is also characterized by being slower.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the tester has a blower that circulates the air in the test chamber, the air is discharged from the air discharge port of the blower, and the air is introduced into the test chamber through a predetermined air path. The room air is exchanged while circulating through a predetermined air path.
The present invention shows one of the standards for the flow velocity of the air flowing through the air flow path. In the present invention, the flow rate of the air introduced into the test chamber from the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle is slower than at least the flow rate of the air outlet of the blower, so that the diffusion of water droplets sprayed from the snow spray nozzle is inhibited. Hard to do. Therefore, water droplets sprayed from the spray nozzle for snowfall are frozen in the test chamber to become pseudo snow and easily fall directly below. Therefore, according to the present invention, snow can be evenly accumulated in the test chamber.

The invention according to claim 2 includes a test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a snow spray nozzle, and the temperature of the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point from the snow spray nozzle to the test chamber. In an environmental test apparatus that sprays water, freezes water droplets in the test chamber, and artificially snows in the test chamber, the snow spray nozzle is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle that diffuses and sprays water. A nozzle body and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body, and the exterior member has an open end that opens into the test chamber; When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and the air in the air flow path is replaced by passing air at a slow speed that can replace the air in the air flow path. Let through Air, the temperature is higher than the freezing point, the dew point is environmental test apparatus, characterized in that less than the dew point of the air in the test chamber.

The invention according to claim 3 includes a test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a snow spray nozzle, and the temperature of the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point from the snow spray nozzle to the test chamber. In an environmental test apparatus that sprays water, freezes water droplets in the test chamber, and artificially snows in the test chamber, the snow spray nozzle is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle that diffuses and sprays water. A nozzle body and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body, and the exterior member has an open end that opens into the test chamber; When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is passed through the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path. High, its dew point And a lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber, an environmental testing apparatus, wherein the flow velocity of the air discharged from the air flow path is 0.8 m / sec to 1.2 m / sec.

The invention according to claim 4 includes a test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a snow spray nozzle, and the temperature of the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point from the snow spray nozzle to the test chamber. In an environmental test apparatus that sprays water, freezes water droplets in the test chamber, and artificially snows in the test chamber, the snow spray nozzle is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle that diffuses and sprays water. A nozzle body, and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body and when snowing in the test chamber, While spraying water, air is passed through the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path, and the temperature of the air to be passed is higher than the freezing point, and the dew point is higher than the dew point of the air in the test chamber. Is also low In the test chamber, the temperature-adjusted air is introduced from the air supply port, and the air that has passed through the air flow path of the snowfall spray nozzle is also introduced into the test chamber. The environmental test apparatus is characterized in that a flow rate of air introduced from the flow path into the test chamber is equal to or slower than a flow rate of air introduced from the air supply port into the test chamber.

The invention according to claim 5 includes a test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a snow spray nozzle, and the temperature of the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point from the snow spray nozzle to the test chamber. In an environmental test apparatus that sprays water, freezes water droplets in the test chamber, and artificially snows in the test chamber, the snow spray nozzle is a one-fluid nozzle that sprays water by diffusing water at the tip. An air flow path is formed between a nozzle body that is supplied with only water and is made into fine water droplets and is discharged and diffused from the spray opening and covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle. The exterior member has an open end that opens into the test chamber, and when snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is allowed to pass through the air flow path. Replace the air in the road, Air to the passage is higher than the temperature of the water temperature is sprayed, the dew point is all SANYO lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber, the position of the spray opening, substantial aperture of the outer member than the position of the end is an environment test apparatus according to claim position near Rukoto inside.

The invention described in claim 6 has a blower that circulates air in the test chamber, the air is discharged from the air discharge port of the blower, and the air is introduced into the test chamber through a predetermined air path. The air passing through the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle is also introduced into the test chamber, and the flow rate of the air introduced from the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle into the test chamber is at least the flow rate of the air discharge port of the blower 6. The environmental test apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the environmental test apparatus is slower than the first one.

In the invention according to claim 7, the exterior member has an opening end opened in the test chamber, the nozzle body has a spray opening for spraying water, and the position of the spray opening is a substantial opening of the exterior member. The environmental test apparatus according to any one of claims 1, 2 , 3 , 4 , and 6, wherein the environmental test apparatus is located at an end position or an inner position.

In the invention according to claim 7 , since the outer end of the exterior member is opened in the test chamber and the air that has passed through the air channel of the snow spray nozzle is introduced into the test chamber, the air in the air channel is Smooth replacement.
Further, the nozzle body has a spray opening for spraying water, and water can be sprayed from the spray opening. Since the position of the spray opening is at the position of the substantial opening end of the exterior member or the position inside thereof, the spray opening is easily wrapped with air passing through the air flow path. Since the temperature of the air passing through the air flow path is higher than that of water sprayed from the nozzle, it is possible to prevent the temperature of the spray opening from decreasing. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the spray opening of the nozzle from freezing.

In the invention according to claim 8 , the opening end of the exterior member is opened in the test chamber, the nozzle body sprays water at a predetermined diffusion angle, and the position of the opening end of the exterior member is diffused. The environmental test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the environmental test apparatus is in a place where water does not come in contact.

In the invention according to claim 8 , since the outer end of the exterior member is opened in the test chamber and the air that has passed through the air channel of the snow spray nozzle is introduced into the test chamber, the air in the air channel is Smooth replacement.
The nozzle body sprays water with a predetermined diffusion angle, and the position of the opening end of the exterior member is in a place where the diffused water does not hit, so the course of the diffused water is not changed, and the test is performed. It is smoothly introduced into the room.

According to a ninth aspect of the present invention, at least the nozzle body is fixed to the test chamber by a temporary fastening element from the outside of the test chamber, directly or via another member, and at least the nozzle is removed by removing the temporary fastening element. an environmental test apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is possible to extract the body outside of the test chamber.

Here, the “temporary fastening element” is a general term for mechanical components that are coupled so that the object to be fastened can be removed, and includes screws, clamps, pins, and the like. A device such as a giant clam vise is also included in the “temporary fastening element” of the present invention.
In the invention according to claim 9 , at least the nozzle body is fixed to the test chamber by a temporary fastening element from the outside of the test chamber, directly or via another member, and at least the nozzle is removed by removing the temporary fastening element. Since the main body can be extracted outside the test chamber, the nozzle main body can be easily attached and detached from the outside of the test chamber.
Therefore, maintenance of the nozzle body can be easily performed.

The invention according to claim 10 is characterized in that a part or all of the exterior member can be removed or opened, and at least the nozzle body can be exposed in the test chamber. It is an environmental test apparatus in any one of thru | or 9 .

In the invention according to claim 10 , since the exterior member can be partially or completely removed or opened and at least the nozzle body can be exposed in the test chamber, the maintenance of the exposed nozzle body can be performed. It is easy to carry out.

The invention according to claim 11 is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle in a spray nozzle for snowfall in which water is sprayed into a space maintained below freezing point and a water droplet is frozen to generate a pseudo snowfall phenomenon. A nozzle body that diffuses and sprays water, and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body, and the exterior member is a nozzle When opening in the same direction as the spray opening of the main body and causing a snowfall phenomenon, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and the air flow path has a dew point that is higher than the freezing point and lower than the air in the test chamber. Air is passed at a speed that is slow enough to replace the air in the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path, and passes through the air flow path in the vicinity of the tip of the nozzle body including the spray opening. Air atmosphere It is snow spray nozzle which is characterized in that it is.

The invention according to claim 12 is a spray nozzle for snowfall which sprays water in a space maintained below freezing point and freezes water droplets to generate a pseudo snowfall phenomenon. A nozzle body that diffuses and sprays water, and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body, and the exterior member is a nozzle When opening in the same direction as the spray opening of the main body and causing a snowfall phenomenon, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and the air flow path has a dew point that is higher than the freezing point and lower than the air in the test chamber. Air is passed through to replace the air in the air flow path, and the vicinity of the tip of the nozzle body including the spray opening is made an air atmosphere passing through the air flow path, and the flow rate of air discharged from the air flow path is 0. 8m / secno A snow spray nozzle which is a 1.2 m / sec.

In the inventions according to claims 11 and 12 , since the nozzle main body that sprays water and the exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle main body and forms an air flow path between the nozzle main body and the nozzle main body are annular, An air layer can be formed.
When a snowfall phenomenon occurs, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and air having a dew point that is higher than the temperature of the sprayed water and lower than the dew point of the outside air is passed through the air flow path at a low speed. Since the air in the air flow path is replaced, the water sprayed from the nozzle body is not hindered from moving, and the sprayed water is well frozen and falls and accumulated evenly.
Furthermore, since it is possible to prevent the nozzle body from freezing, water can be stably sprayed from the nozzle body.

In the spray nozzle for snowfall of the present invention, air in the air flow path around the nozzle body passes and is replaced at a low speed, so that relatively high temperature air exists around the nozzle body, and the nozzle body is attached to the nozzle. Hard to ice. Therefore, the spray nozzle for snowfall of this invention can continue spraying stably over a long time.
The environmental test apparatus of the present invention can generate simulated snow by freezing water sprayed by a snow spray nozzle. In addition, since air in the air flow path around the nozzle body passes at a low speed, it hardly affects the diffusion of water sprayed from the nozzle body, and snow can be accumulated almost uniformly over a wide range in the test chamber. . Furthermore, by making the dew point of the air in the air channel around the nozzle body lower than the dew point of the gas in the test chamber, icing due to the air flowing through the air channel is less likely to occur.

It is the conceptual diagram which portrayed the environmental test apparatus of embodiment of this invention typically, and shows the outline of a test room and a piping system. It is a substance perspective view of an environmental testing device of an embodiment of the present invention. It is a perspective view of the spray nozzle for snowfall employ | adopted with the environmental test apparatus of FIG. 1, FIG. It is a partial cross section front view of the spray nozzle for snowfall of FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view of the spray nozzle for snowfall of FIG. It is a perspective view of the nozzle of the state installed in the environmental test apparatus, (a) shows the state before decomposition | disassembly, (b) is the state which removed the nozzle main body of the spray nozzle for snowfall from the upper direction of the environmental test apparatus (C) shows the state which removed only the front-end | tip of the spray nozzle for snowfall. It is an expanded sectional view of the tip part of the spray nozzle for snowfall. It is a partial cross section front view of the member around the spray nozzle for snowfall and the spray nozzle for snowfall. It is a partial cross section front view which shows the state which removed the indoor side exterior member from the spray nozzle for snowfall attached to the test chamber, and exposed the nozzle main body in the test chamber. It is sectional drawing of the front-end | tip part of the spray nozzle for snowfall of other embodiment of this invention, (a) shows the state by which the indoor side exterior member was attached, (b) shows the state by which the indoor side exterior member was removed Indicates. It is a perspective view of the front-end | tip part of the spray nozzle for snowfall of other embodiment of this invention, (a) shows the state by which the indoor side exterior member was closed, (b) is the state by which the indoor side exterior member was opened. Indicates. It is a partial cross section front view of the spray nozzle for snowfall of other embodiment of this invention.

Hereinafter, an environmental test apparatus according to this embodiment of the present invention will be described.
A conceptual display of the environmental test apparatus 1 of the present embodiment is as shown in FIG. 1, centered on a test room 2 (artificial climate room), provided with an air conditioning facility 3 and a snow spray nozzle 11, and An air supply system 52 that supplies air to the snowfall spray nozzle 11 and a water supply system 53 that supplies water to the snowfall spray nozzle 11 are provided.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the test chamber 2 is a space substantially sealed by a side wall 5 having a layer made of a heat insulating material, a ceiling 6 and a floor surface 7. The height from the floor surface 7 to the ceiling 6 is, for example, about 3 to 6 m. Moreover, the horizontal length of the side wall 5 shown in FIG. 2 is about 4-10 m, for example. That is, the test chamber 2 is a test space having a length and width of about 4 to 10 m and a height of about 3 to 6 m.

The environmental test apparatus 1 has a path for circulating the air in the test chamber 2 through the air conditioning equipment 3, and the test chamber 2 is provided with an air suction port 8 and an air supply port 9 as shown in FIG. It has been. As shown in FIG. 1, the air inlet 8 is in the lower part of the side wall 5, and the air supply port 9 is in the upper part of the side wall 5.
The air suction port 8 and the air supply port 9 are holes provided in the side wall 5. The air supply ports 9 are actually distributed and provided at a plurality of locations above the four side walls 5 as shown in FIG. In addition, the air supply port 9 is actually a collection of small holes, and the flow rate of air introduced from each hole is low.

As shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of nozzle mounting holes 10 are provided in the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2. Each nozzle mounting hole 10 is provided at equal intervals, and is arranged at a rate of 1 to 4 per 1 m ² (square meter), for example.
As will be described later, a snowfall spray nozzle 11 is mounted in the nozzle mounting hole 10 provided in the ceiling 6.
Around the nozzle mounting hole 10, a plurality of screw holes 10a (FIG. 4) are provided. The screw hole 10 a is provided on the upper surface side of the ceiling 6. The screw holes 10 a are provided at equal intervals around the nozzle mounting hole 10.

  Various devices, articles, and the like to be tested are arranged on the floor surface 7 as necessary, but the depiction thereof is omitted in FIGS.

The air conditioner 3 of the environmental test apparatus 1 includes an air conditioner 12, a duct 13, and a blower 28 as shown in FIGS.
The air conditioner 12 is a device having a function of adjusting the inside of the test chamber 2 to a predetermined temperature and humidity. That is, the air conditioner 12 includes a cooler, a heater, a dehumidifier, and a humidifier (not shown).

As shown in FIG. 1, the duct 13 includes a supply side duct 13a and a suction side duct 13b. The suction side duct 13 b forms an air flow path that connects the air suction port 8 of the test chamber 2 and the air conditioner 12. The supply-side duct 13 a forms an air flow path that connects the air conditioner 12 and the air supply port 9 of the test chamber 2. That is, the test chamber 2 and the air conditioner 12 are connected in an annular shape via the supply side duct 13a and the suction side duct 13b.
As shown in FIG. 2, the supply side duct 13a actually forms a belt-like space extending along the upper part of the side wall 5 of the test chamber 2, and this belt-like space and each supply port (small hole) 9 are formed. Communicate.

  As shown in FIG. 1, the blower 28 is provided in the supply side duct 13a. When the air blower 28 is driven, the air in the test chamber 2 is sent from the air suction port 8 to the air conditioner 12 via the suction side duct 13b, and within the air conditioner 12, a predetermined temperature (for example, minus 20 degrees Celsius to minus 40 degrees Celsius). Degree). The adjusted air is discharged from the discharge port 28 a of the blower 28 and returns to the inside of the test chamber 2 through the supply side duct 13 a and the air supply port 9. That is, the air adjusted to a predetermined temperature by the air conditioner 12 is supplied into the test chamber 2 from each air supply port 9 by the blower 28 via the supply side duct 13a.

  The wind speed at the discharge port 28a of the blower 28 is fast. On the other hand, since air is supplied into the test chamber 2 from each of the air supply ports 9 at a plurality of locations in four directions, the inflow speed of air flowing into the test chamber 2 from each air supply port 9 is relatively slow. It is about 1 m / sec to 2 m / sec, and the water from the snow spray nozzle 11 is not disturbed by the air flowing in from the air supply ports 9.

Next, the snow spray nozzle 11 will be described. The snowfall spray nozzle 11 has a double tube structure as shown in FIGS. 1, 3, 4, and 5, and includes an outer tube 60 and a core tube 61 as shown in FIG. 4. The outer tube 60 functions as an exterior member.
The core tube 61 is a member inserted into the outer tube 60 and includes the nozzle body 17 and the liquid supply tube 18.
The outer tube (exterior member) 60 constituting the outside is constituted by the outdoor exterior member 26, the insertion tube 46, and the indoor exterior member 27.

The nozzle body 17 constituting the core tube 61 is a known one-fluid nozzle, and has a spray opening 17a for spraying water at the tip. That is, only the liquid is supplied to the nozzle body 17 and diffuses as fine water droplets when discharged from the spray opening 17a.
In the nozzle body 17 employed in the present embodiment, the supplied water is sprayed in a predetermined angle range (for example, 70 to 100 degrees) from the spray opening 17a.
The nozzle body 17 employed in the present embodiment is a screw-in type nozzle, and a threaded portion 17c is provided at the end of the nozzle body 17 opposite to the spray opening 17a. The threaded portion 17c is a tube screw.

The liquid supply pipe 18 constituting the core pipe 61 is a straight pipe. One end of the liquid supply tube 18 is provided with a distal end side screw portion 18a, and the other end of the liquid supply tube 18 is provided with a proximal end side screw portion 18b. Both the distal end side screw portion 18a and the proximal end side screw portion 18b are pipe screws.
The nozzle body 17 described above is attached to the distal end side screw portion 18a. Since the nozzle body 17 is attached to the liquid supply pipe 18 by a pipe screw, it can be removed from the liquid supply pipe 18 by using a predetermined wrench.
An outward flange portion 29 is provided at a position near the proximal end side screw portion 18 b of the liquid supply pipe 18. The flange portion 29 is integrally fixed to the side wall of the liquid supply pipe 18. The flange portion 29 is provided with a plurality of holes 29a at equal intervals.
As described above, the core tube 61 (FIG. 4) has a structure in which the nozzle body 17 is fixed to the end of the linear tube body with a tube screw, and the flange portion 29 is provided outside the tube body.

Next, the outer tube 60 constituting the outer shell of the snow spray nozzle 11 will be described. As described above, the outer tube 60 constituting the outside of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is constituted by the outdoor exterior member 26, the insertion tube 46, and the indoor exterior member 27.
The outdoor exterior member 26 has a cylindrical main body portion 55 as shown in FIG. 5, an outward flange portion 35 is provided at one end thereof, and a lid member 37 is attached to the other end side. .
A branch pipe 45 is provided in the main body 55. The branch pipe 45 is provided on the side surface of the main body portion 55 and communicates with the inside and outside of the main body portion 55.
Holes 35a are provided in the outward flange portion 35 at equal intervals. The hole 35a is provided at a position corresponding to the screw hole 10a provided around the nozzle mounting hole 10 of the test chamber 2 described above.

The lid member 37 is a cylindrical member having a diameter that can be externally fitted to the main body portion 55, and has an inward flange portion 38 at one end. A small diameter hole 38 a is formed inside the flange portion 38. The small diameter hole 38 a is a hole having a size (diameter) through which the nozzle body 17 and the liquid supply pipe 18 can pass. Further, the flange portion 38 of the lid member 37 is provided with screw holes 39 at equal intervals on the circumference.
For ease of explanation, FIG. 5 shows the lid member 37 separated from the main body portion 55, but actually, the lid member 37 is inseparably attached to the main body portion 55 by means such as welding. ing.
Accordingly, the exterior exterior member 26 is opened largely on the lower end side with reference to the mounting posture of FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5, and 6, and the upper end side is restricted by the inward flange portion 38 of the lid member 37. This is a member that is a tube and is provided with a branch manifold 45 on the side surface of the main body 55.

The insertion tube 46 has a cylindrical main body portion 47 that is open at both ends, and is provided with an upper end flange portion 48 and a lower end flange portion 42 at the ends.
In FIG. 5, for ease of explanation, the lower end flange portion 42 is illustrated separately from the main body portion 47, but actually, both are integrally coupled by screws or the like.
The upper end flange portion 48 is provided with four holes 48a at equal intervals. The lower end flange portion 42 is provided with four screw holes 56 at equal intervals.

The indoor side exterior member 27 is a cylindrical member that is open at both ends, and has an outward flange portion 41 at one end. The inner diameter of the indoor exterior member 27 preferably matches the inner diameter of the cylindrical portion of the outdoor exterior member 26, but it does not necessarily need to match.
The flange portion 41 of the indoor side exterior member 27 is provided with holes 41a at equal intervals on the circumference.
The outer tube 60 is formed by fastening the three members of the outdoor exterior member 26, the insertion tube 46, and the indoor exterior member 27 with screws 49 and 50.
More specifically, the flange portion 35 of the outdoor exterior member 26 and the flange portion 48 of the insertion tube 46 are matched, and a screw 49 is inserted into each of the holes 35a and 48a to connect the flange portion 35 of the outdoor exterior member 26 to the flange portion 35. The insertion tube 46 is integrated.
As will be described later, the insertion tube 46 is inserted into the nozzle mounting hole 10 of the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2, and the screw 49 inserted into the holes 35 a and 48 a of the flange portions 35 and 48 is attached to the ceiling 6. It engages with a screw hole 10 a provided around the nozzle mounting hole 10.
Between the flange portion 35 of the outdoor exterior member 26 and the flange portion 48 of the insertion tube 46, packing or O-ring (not shown) is interposed to ensure airtightness.

Further, the flange portion 42 of the insertion tube 46 and the flange portion 41 of the indoor side exterior member 27 are matched, and the screw 50 is inserted through each hole 41a and the screw hole 56, so that the insertion tube 46, the indoor side exterior member 27, Are integrated.
Between the flange portion 42 of the insertion tube 46 and the flange portion 41 of the indoor side exterior member 27, packing or O-ring (not shown) is interposed to ensure airtightness.

The snow spray nozzle 11 has a core tube 61 inserted from above the outer tube 60 on the basis of the mounting posture of FIGS. 1, 3, 4, 5 and 6 and is located below the flange portion 29 of the core tube 61 (nozzle body). 17 side) is arranged in the outer tube 60.
That is, the nozzle body 17 side of the core tube 61 is inserted through the small diameter hole 38 a of the lid member 37 of the outer tube 60, the flange portion 29 of the core tube 61 and the flange portion 38 of the outer tube 60 are matched, and the hole 29 a of the flange portion 29 is aligned. The screw 40 is communicated with the screw hole 39 of the flange portion 38 and the flange portions 38 and 29 are fastened together. More specifically, the flange portion 29 of the core tube 61 is placed on the upper surface of the flange portion 38 at the upper end of the outer tube 60, and the flange portions 38 and 29 are fastened together by screws 40, whereby the core tube 61 is surrounded. It is fixed to the tube 60.
In addition, between the flange parts 38 and 29, the packing and O-ring which are not illustrated are interposed, and airtightness is ensured.

  The snow spray nozzle 11 assembled integrally has a double tube structure as shown in FIG. 4, and a core tube 61 is inserted into the outer tube 60. The core tube 61 is on the center line of the outer tube 60, and the core tube 61 and the outer tube 60 are concentric. The inner diameter of the outer tube 60 is larger than the outer diameter of the core tube 61, and there is a gap as the air flow path 43 between them.

  The tip of the core tube 61 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 (near the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17) is at the same position as the end surface of the outer tube 60 (end portion 27a of the interior exterior member 27) or slightly. At the back. In other words, the spray opening 17 a of the nozzle body 17 does not protrude from the outer tube 60.

The snowfall spray nozzle 11 of the present embodiment can pull the core tube 61 upward from the outer tube 60 with reference to the mounting posture of FIGS.
That is, the core tube 61 is inserted into the outer tube 60 from the small-diameter hole 38 a of the lid member 37, and is attached to the outer tube 60 by the flange joint between the flange portion 29 and the flange portion 38. The mechanical engagement between the core tube 61 and the outer tube 60 can be released by removing the screw 40 and dividing the flange portions 29 and 38. Further, since the flange portion 29 of the core tube 61 is placed on the upper surface of the flange portion 38 at the upper end of the outer tube 60, there is no member that becomes an obstacle when the core tube 61 is pulled away from the outer tube 60.

In addition, the spray nozzle 11 for snowfall of the present embodiment removes the indoor side exterior member 27 of the outer tube 60 from other parts with reference to the mounting postures of FIGS. The part can be exposed.
That is, since the indoor side exterior member 27 is flange-bonded to other members, it can be removed by removing the screw (temporary fastening element) 50.

Returning to the description of the environmental test apparatus 1, the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is mounted in a nozzle mounting hole 10 provided in the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2 as shown in FIG.
That is, the outer tube 60 is inserted into the nozzle mounting hole 10 provided in the test chamber 2. More specifically, the insertion tube 46 of the outer tube 60 is in the nozzle mounting hole 10 provided in the test chamber 2, and an upper end flange portion 48 and a lower end flange portion 42 provided at both ends of the insertion tube 46. The wall of the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2 is sandwiched between them.
The upper end flange portion 48 of the insertion tube 46 is connected to the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2 by a screw 49 inserted through the hole 48a of the upper end flange portion 48 of the insertion tube 46 and the hole 35a of the flange portion 35 of the outdoor exterior member 26. It is fixed.
The snow spray nozzle 11 attached to the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2 has an insertion tube 46 as an intermediate portion in the wall of the ceiling 6, and the outdoor exterior member 26 of the snow spray nozzle 11 is provided in the test chamber 2. Is outside. More precisely, the outdoor exterior member 26 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is in a position corresponding to the ceiling of the test chamber 2. Therefore, the flange portions 29 and 38 and the screw 40 that mechanically join the core tube 61 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 and the outer tube 60 are located outside the test chamber 2 and corresponding to the back of the ceiling. .

Moreover, the indoor side exterior member 27 of the spray nozzle 11 for snowfall hangs down vertically from the surface of the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2.
That is, the indoor side exterior member 27 of the snow spray nozzle 11 protrudes from the surface of the ceiling 6 of the test chamber 2 toward the test chamber 2.
Therefore, the nozzle body 17 of the snow spray nozzle 11 is in the test chamber 2.

  In the environmental test apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, a water supply system 53 and an air supply system 52 are connected to the snow spray nozzle 11.

As shown in FIG. 1, the water supply system 53 includes a common pipe 20 connected to a water source such as a water tank 63, and branch pipes 21a, 21b, and 21c. Each branch pipe 21a, 21b, 21c is a pipe branched with the common pipe 20 as a main pipe. The common pipe 20 is provided with a pump 14 and an on-off valve 22 which is a main plug. Each branch pipe 21a, 21b, 21c is provided with an on-off valve 23a, 23b, 23c, respectively. A pipe joint 65 is provided at the tip (lower end) of the branch pipes 21a, 21b, and 21c. The core pipe 61 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is connected via a pipe joint 65.
In FIG. 1, three branch pipes 21a, 21b, and 21c are depicted, but the number of branch pipes is actually the same as the number of snow spray nozzles 11 described later. Further, a part or all of the branch pipes 21a, 21b, and 21c may be tubes.

In the common pipe 20, water is pressurized by the pump 14, and when the on-off valve 22 of the common pipe 20 and the on-off valves 23a-23c of the branch pipes 21a-21c are opened, the water is supplied to the common pipe 20, each branch pipe 21a. Flow through ~ 21c. High-pressure water is introduced into the snowfall spray nozzle 11, flows through the core tube 61, and is sprayed into the test chamber 2 from the spray opening 17 a of the nozzle body 17.
The temperature of the water introduced into the snow spray nozzle 11 is adjusted to a temperature close to the freezing temperature by a cooler (not shown). For example, when the liquid is water, it is adjusted to 1 to 5 degrees Celsius (more preferably, 2 to 3 degrees Celsius).

  Further, the water sprayed from the nozzle body 17 is diffused within a predetermined angle range (for example, 70 to 100 degrees). In this embodiment, the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 is the same as the end surface of the outer tube 60. Since it is in the position or slightly in the back, the sprayed water is not applied to the outer tube 60. That is, in this embodiment, water is sprayed at an angle of less than 180 degrees, and the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 is located at the same position as the end of the outer tube 60, so that the sprayed water is applied to the outer tube 60. It does not take.

As shown in FIG. 1, the air supply system 52 supplies pressurized air to the snow spray nozzle 11, and has a compressor 66 and an air tank 67 as gas supply sources as base ends.
In general factories and research laboratories, a large compressor 66 and an air tank 67 are placed outdoors, and air plugs are installed where pipes are provided in the building. Of the air supply system 52, the compressor 66 and the air tank 67, which are gas supply sources, are not dedicated to the snowfall spray nozzle 11, but are often shared by factories and laboratories. Of course, the compressor 66 and the air tank 67 may be dedicated to the snow spray nozzle 11.
The air pressurized by the compressor 66 is accumulated in the air tank 67. At this time, the air compressed and raised in temperature naturally cools, and the water vapor in the air condenses to generate drain water 68. For this reason, the air supplied from the air tank 67 has a low dew point compared to the outside air.

In the air supply system 52, the common pipe 30 and subsequent parts shown in FIG. 1 are dedicated to the snow spray nozzle 11.
In the present embodiment, the air supply system 52 includes a common pipe 30 and branch pipes 31a, 31b, and 31c. Each branch pipe 31a, 31b, 31c is a pipe from which the common pipe 30 is branched.
The common pipe 30 is supplied with air from the air tank 67 as described above, and is provided with an on-off valve 32 and a pressure reducing valve 44. The on-off valve 32 is an electromagnetic valve. Further, the branch pipes 31a, 31b, 31c are provided with on-off valves 33a, 33b, 33c, respectively. The on-off valves 33a, 33b and 33c are manual valves and are always open. The on-off valves 33a, 33b, and 33c are manually closed only when the snow spray nozzle 11 is maintained. In FIG. 1, three branch pipes 31a, 31b, and 31c are depicted, but the number of branch pipes is actually the same as the number of snow spray nozzles 11 described later.

Assuming that the on-off valves 33a to 33c of the branch pipes 31a to 31c of the common pipe 30 are opened, when the on-off valve 32 serving as an electromagnetic valve is opened, the air supplied from the air tank 67 is supplied to the common pipe 30. , Flows through the branch pipes 31a to 31c. In the common pipe 30, the pressure is reduced by the pressure reducing valve 44, and the air after the pressure reduction is supplied to the branch pipes 31a to 31c.
As shown in FIG. 1, each branch pipe 31 a, 31 b, 31 c is connected to a branch pipe 45 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11.
Air flows through the air flow path 43 from the branch pipe 45 and flows into the test chamber 2 from the tip of the outer tube 60. That is, the air introduced into the snow spray nozzle 11 from the branch pipe 45 flows through the air flow path 43 between the outer tube 60 and the core tube 61 and is discharged into the test chamber 2 from the tip.

The temperature of the air flowing through the air flow path 43 is adjusted to 12 to 18 degrees Celsius (more preferably, 14 to 16 degrees Celsius) by a heating device or a cooling device (not shown). Moreover, the dew point of the air supplied from the gas supply source is lower than the outside air as described above.
The flow velocity of the air flowing through the air flow path 43 is a speed at which air in the air flow path 43 can be replaced, and is a slow speed.

  In the present embodiment, water pressurized from the water supply system 53 is introduced into the snow spray nozzle 11 and sprayed into the test chamber 2 from the spray opening 17 a of the nozzle body 17. The water introduced into the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is cooled to a temperature just before freezing, and the test chamber 2 is in a low temperature environment, so the sprayed water freezes and becomes snowy, Descent and pile up.

  Further, the water sprayed from the nozzle body 17 is diffused within a predetermined angle range (for example, 70 to 100 degrees). In this embodiment, the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 is the same as the end surface of the outer tube 60. Since it is in the position or slightly in the back, the sprayed water is not applied to the outer tube 60. That is, in this embodiment, water is sprayed at an angle of less than 180 degrees, and the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 is located at the same position as the end of the outer tube 60, so that the sprayed water is applied to the outer tube 60. It does not take.

In addition, air flows through an air flow path 43 formed between the outer tube 60 and the core tube 61, and the air flows around a part of the liquid supply tube 18 and the nozzle body 17.
Here, the temperature of the air flowing around the nozzle body 17 or the like is higher than at least the temperature of water passing through the nozzle body 17 and higher than the freezing point. Therefore, the nozzle body 17 receives heat from the air flowing around and is kept warm.
Moreover, since the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 is at the same position as the end of the outer tube 60, the vicinity of the tip of the nozzle body 17 is also surrounded by a relatively high temperature atmosphere. Therefore, freezing of the nozzle body 17 is prevented.
Further, since the amount of air that passes through the periphery of the nozzle body 17 and is introduced into the test chamber 2 is small, the influence on the environment in the test chamber is small. Further, since the air flow rate is low, the pattern of water sprayed from the nozzle body 17 is not disturbed.

In the environmental test apparatus 1 configured as described above, the nozzle body 17 can be removed from the inside of the test chamber 2. That is, by removing the indoor exterior member 27, the nozzle body 17 exposed in the test chamber 2 can be operated. Specifically, the screw 50 is removed, and the indoor side exterior member 27 is removed from the ceiling 6. As a result, the nozzle body 17 is exposed inside the test chamber 2 as shown in FIG.
Accordingly, when a problem occurs in the nozzle body 17, the nozzle body 17 can be touched from the test chamber 2 side, and operations such as replacement of the nozzle body 17 can be performed.
That is, by rotating the nozzle body 17 and releasing the screwing with the liquid supply pipe 18, the nozzle body 17 can be removed as shown in FIG.

In addition, the nozzle body 17 can be removed from the outside of the test chamber 2. In this case, the worker moves to a place corresponding to the back of the ceiling of the test chamber 2, and the screws of the flange portions 29 and 38 that mechanically join the core tube 61 of the snow spray nozzle 11 and the outer tube 60. 40 is removed and the flange portions 29 and 38 are separated.
As a result, the mechanical engagement between the core tube 61 and the outer tube 60 is released, and only the core tube 61 can be pulled upward. That is, the screw 40 is removed, the fixing of the flange portion 38 of the lid member 37 and the flange portion 29 of the liquid supply pipe 18 is released, and the screwing of the liquid supply pipe 18 to the branch pipe 21a (or 21b, 21c) is released. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6B, the core tube 61 can be extracted upward, and the nozzle body 17 can be removed in a state of being integrated with the liquid supply tube 18.

  Since the nozzle body 17 can be removed together with the liquid supply pipe 18 from the outside of the test chamber 2, the operator does not need to enter the test chamber 2 at minus tens of degrees Celsius. Moreover, the attachment / detachment work of the nozzle body 17 on the ceiling 6 in the test chamber 2 having a height of several meters is unnecessary. That is, it is not necessary to detach and attach only the nozzle body 17 at risk, and the nozzle body 17 can be safely attached and detached together with the liquid supply pipe 18 from the outside of the test chamber 2.

  Next, the operation of the environmental test apparatus 1 will be described.

  When reproducing the snow accumulation state using the environmental test apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, the temperature in the test chamber 2 is adjusted to minus 20 to 50 degrees Celsius by the air conditioner 12. That is, the air blower 28 is driven, and the air in the test chamber 2 is sucked through the air suction port 8 and the suction side duct 13 b and introduced into the air conditioner 12. After the air introduced into the air conditioner 12 is adjusted to a predetermined temperature and humidity, it is discharged from the discharge port 28a of the blower 28 and is supplied into the test chamber 2 through the supply side duct 13a and the plurality of air supply ports 9. To be supplied.

  The flow rate of air when discharged from the discharge port 28a of the blower 28 is fast, and the flow rates in the supply side duct 13a and the suction side duct 13b are slower than that. And the inflow speed of the air from the air supply ports 9 which are many holes into the test chamber 2 is still slower. The flow rate of air discharged from the air supply port 9 is 1 m / sec to 2 m / sec, which is slower than the flow rate when discharged from the discharge port 28a of the blower 28, and the air in the test chamber 2 is disturbed. Absent. That is, the total flow area of the air supply port 9 is much larger than the cross-sectional area of the flow path in the supply side duct 13a and the suction side duct 13b, and the flow rate of air into the test chamber 2 is very high. slow. Therefore, the air in the test chamber 2 is not disturbed.

  Also, air is supplied from the air supply system 52 to the air channel 43 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 before the temperature in the test chamber 2 reaches the liquid freezing temperature (below freezing point) by the operation of the air conditioner 12. That is, on the premise that the compressor 66 is activated and the on-off valves 33a to 33c are opened, the on-off valve 32 as an electromagnetic valve is opened. The air supplied from the air supply system 52 has a temperature of 12 degrees Celsius to 18 degrees Celsius, and the absolute humidity is adjusted so that the dew point is lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber 2. As a result, the temperature-adjusted air is supplied from the gas supply source to the air flow path 43 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 through the common pipe 30 and the branch pipes 31a to 31c.

  Therefore, the air whose temperature is adjusted to 12 to 18 degrees Celsius and higher in temperature than water passing through the core tube 61 and having a low dew point is supplied around the nozzle body 17. Therefore, even if the inside of the test chamber 2 is at the liquid freezing temperature (below freezing point), the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 protruding into the test chamber 2 is wrapped and kept warm by the air atmosphere of the surrounding air flow path 43. do not do.

  Further, the air around the nozzle body 17 is pushed out and replaced little by little by the air continuously supplied to the air flow path 43 to the test chamber 2 side. That is, the air around the nozzle body 17 is constantly replaced. Therefore, even if the air around the nozzle body 17 is cooled by the low-temperature air in the test chamber 2, air having a temperature of 12 to 18 degrees Celsius is continuously supplied to the air flow path 43. Air having a temperature of 12 degrees to 18 degrees is always present around the nozzle body 17 (spray opening 17a). Therefore, the nozzle body 17 (spray opening 17a) is not frozen.

At this time, the flow velocity of the air moving in the air flow path 43 is very slow, and the flow velocity in the blowout cross section around the nozzle body 17 (wind velocity at the blowout port) is 0.8 m / sec to 1.2 m / sec. More preferably, it is 0.9 m / sec to 1.1 m / sec, and the optimum value is 1 m / sec. In the present embodiment, the speed of air blown from the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is slower than the speed of air introduced into the test chamber 2 from the air supply port 9.
In the present embodiment, the pressure of the supplied air is reduced by the pressure reducing valve 44 provided in the common pipe 30 from the gas supply source, and the flow rate of the air supplied to the air flow path 43 is controlled.

  The flow velocity (0.8 m / sec to 1.2 m / sec) of the air that moves in the air flow path 43 and is blown out from the snowfall spray nozzle 11 is introduced into the test chamber 2 from a large number of air supply ports 9. Is slower than 1 m / sec to 2 m / sec. Therefore, the air in the test chamber 2 is not disturbed by the air flow flowing into the test chamber 2 from the air flow path 43. Further, the influence on the diffusion pattern of the water sprayed from the nozzle body 17 is small.

  When the temperature and humidity of the air in the test chamber 2 reach a predetermined temperature and humidity set in advance and the environment for simulated snowfall is prepared, the open / close valves 23a to 23c provided in the branch pipes 21a to 21c are The on-off valve 22 of the common pipe 20 is opened on the assumption that it is opened. Further, the pump 14 is driven. As a result, water is supplied to the snow spray nozzle 11 via the common pipe 20 and the branch pipes 21a to 21c of the water supply system 53. The water supplied from the water supply system 53 is adjusted in advance to a predetermined temperature close to the freezing temperature by a cooler and a heater (not shown). Specifically, the temperature of water is adjusted to 1 to 5 degrees Celsius (preferably 2 to 3 degrees Celsius).

  The water supplied to the snowfall spray nozzle 11 passes through the liquid supply pipe 18 and is sprayed into the test chamber 2 from the spray opening 17a of the nozzle body 17 as shown in FIG. The jetted water spreads over a predetermined range and falls toward the floor surface 7. The mist-like water sprayed into the test chamber 2 at a temperature close to the freezing temperature is quickly frozen during the fall to form pseudo snow.

  The water injection angle from the spray opening 17a can be 70 to 100 degrees, but is preferably 80 to 90 degrees. That is, if the spray angle is too narrow, the snowfall range becomes narrow, and a large number of snow spray nozzles 11 are required to snow over a wide range. Conversely, if the spray angle is too wide, the air flow path 43 It becomes easy to be influenced by the inflowing air. Although the flow velocity of the air flowing into the test chamber 2 from the air flow path 43 is very slow, if the spray angle is too wide, the course is blocked by the flow of air flowing from the air flow path 43.

Moreover, if the temperature of the sprayed water is too low, the water may freeze in the common pipe 20 and the branch pipes 21a to 21c, and conversely, if the temperature is too high, the temperature is increased until pseudo snow is formed in the test chamber 2. It is hard to decline. In other words, the temperature of the water droplets sprayed (sprayed) from the ceiling 6 having a height of several meters is unlikely to decrease to the extent that pseudo snow is formed before reaching the floor surface 7.
Moreover, it is preferable that the particle diameter of the sprayed water is about 0.5 to 1.2 mm.
That is, if the particle size is too large, it will reach the floor before it freezes and pseudo snow is formed, and conversely if the particle size of water is too small, the influence of air intake and supply by the air conditioner 12 will be affected. Even if it is frozen, it becomes easy to be sucked into the air conditioner 12 and does not properly snow on the floor surface 7.

In the embodiment described above, the screws 40 and 50 are illustrated as examples of the temporary fastening elements. However, instead of this, a clamp, a giant clam vise, a pin, or the like may be employed.
In the embodiment described above, the parts to be divided are flange-coupled, but a screwing method may be adopted. FIG. 10 shows an example in which a screwing method is adopted for coupling between the insertion tube 70 and the indoor side exterior member 71.

  Moreover, the spray nozzle 11 for snowfall of above-described embodiment is the structure in which the outer tube | pipe 60 is comprised by three members, and the outer tube | pipe 60 can be divided into three. In this configuration, the snow spray nozzle 11 is easily attached to the test chamber 2 and is recommended. However, the present invention is not limited to this configuration, and may be configured by two members, such as a snowfall spray nozzle 80 shown in FIG. Of course, you may be comprised by three or more members. The description of the structure of the snowfall spray nozzle 80 shown in FIG. 12 is omitted by giving the same reference numerals to the same members as the snowfall spray nozzle 11 of the previous embodiment.

Further, in the embodiment described above, a structure in which the indoor side exterior members 27 and 71 are completely separable is adopted, but a structure that can be opened and closed by a hinge 72 as shown in FIG.
In the embodiment described above, the one-fluid nozzle is used for the nozzle body 17, but a two-fluid nozzle may be used.
Moreover, although the environmental test apparatus 1 of this invention does not need to provide a heat insulating material and a heater in the snow spray nozzle 11, it does not deny providing a heat insulating material and a heater.
In the embodiment described above, the air that is supplied from the air supply system 52 to the snow spray nozzle 11 and reaches the periphery of the nozzle body 17 and the water that is supplied from the water supply system 53 to the snow spray nozzle 11 and around the nozzle body 17. The temperature of both waters leading to was adjusted. Although this configuration is a recommended configuration, the temperature of only one of air and water may be adjusted. Furthermore, if it is clear that the temperature of the air is higher than the temperature of water, it is not necessary to adjust the temperature of both air and water. In short, it is only necessary that the temperature of the air that actually passes through the air flow path 43 is higher than the temperature of the water that is actually sprayed.

In the above-described embodiment, when snowing in the test chamber 2, the air is always passed through the air flow path 43 at a low speed and the air in the air flow path 43 is always replaced. However, the air replacement may be intermittent. . That is, the air replacement may be intermittently operated so that the temperature in the air flow path 43 does not drop too much.
Alternatively, the water in the pipe may be drained at the time of stopping, and air may be allowed to flow through the air flow path 43 immediately before the water flows.

It is desirable that the flow velocity of the air flowing through the air flow path 43 of the snow spray nozzle 11 is as low as possible. In the present embodiment, there is an air conditioning path for circulating the air in the test chamber 2 through the air conditioning equipment 3, and the flow velocity of the air flowing through the air flow path 43 of the snowfall spray nozzle 11 flows through any part of the air conditioning path. Slower than air flow rate.
This flow rate setting is the most recommended but not required. In other words, the environmental test apparatus 1 has various uses and is designed so that the flow rate of air introduced into the test chamber 2 through the air conditioning equipment 3 and the flow velocity of air from the test chamber 2 to the air conditioning equipment 3 become extremely small. Sometimes it is done.
In such a case, the flow rate of air flowing through the air flow path 43 of the snow spray nozzle 11 may be equal to the flow rate of air introduced into the test chamber 2 through the air conditioning equipment 3.
Commonly, the air velocity in the air conditioning path is the fastest in the vicinity of the blower 28. Therefore, it is desirable that the flow velocity of the air flowing through the air flow path 43 of the snow spray nozzle 11 is slower than the flow velocity of the air discharge port 28a of the blower 28.
Also, common sense, the flow rate in the duct of the air conditioning path is next to the flow rate of the air discharge port 28a of the blower 28. Therefore, it is desirable that the flow velocity of the air flowing through the air flow path 43 of the snow spray nozzle 11 is slower than the flow velocity in the duct.

  In the above-described embodiment, the nozzle body 17 is attached to the test chamber 2 via the liquid supply pipe 18. For example, the nozzle body itself is provided with a mounting flange and a mounting screw hole, and a screw or the like is provided from the outside of the test chamber 2. It is also possible to adopt a configuration in which the nozzle body 17 is extracted outside the test chamber 2 by being fixed to the test chamber 2 by the temporary fastening element and removing the temporary fastening element.

1 Environmental test equipment 2 Test room (space kept below freezing point)
11, 80 Spray nozzle 17 for snowfall Nozzle body 17a Spray opening 27 Indoor exterior member (exterior member)
27a End of indoor side exterior member (open end)
28 Blower 28a Blower outlet 40 Screw (temporary fastening element)
43 Air channel 50 Screw (temporary fastening element)

Claims (12)

A test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a spray nozzle for snowfall. Water is sprayed from the spray nozzle for snowfall into the test chamber in a state where the temperature in the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point, and water drops in the test chamber. In an environmental test device that freezes snow and simulates snow in the test chamber,
The snowfall spray nozzle has a nozzle body that sprays water, and an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body and
When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is passed through the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path. High and its dew point is lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber,
It has a blower that circulates the air in the test chamber, air from the air outlet of the blower is introduced into the test chamber, and air that has passed through the air flow path of the spray nozzle for snowfall is also introduced into the test chamber. An environmental test apparatus characterized in that the flow rate of air introduced into the test chamber from the air flow path of the spray nozzle for snowfall is slower than at least the flow rate of the air discharge port of the blower. A test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a spray nozzle for snowfall. Water is sprayed from the spray nozzle for snowfall into the test chamber in a state where the temperature in the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point, and water drops in the test chamber. In an environmental test device that freezes snow and simulates snow in the test chamber,
The spray nozzle for snowfall is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle that diffuses and sprays water, and covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle, and air between the nozzle body. An exterior member that constitutes a flow path, and the exterior member has an open end opened into the test chamber,
When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and the air in the air flow path is replaced by passing air at a slow speed that can replace the air in the air flow path. An environmental test apparatus characterized in that the air to be passed has a temperature higher than a freezing point and a dew point lower than the dew point of air in the test chamber. A test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a spray nozzle for snowfall. Water is sprayed from the spray nozzle for snowfall into the test chamber in a state where the temperature in the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point, and water drops in the test chamber. In an environmental test device that freezes snow and simulates snow in the test chamber,
The spray nozzle for snowfall is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle that diffuses and sprays water, and covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and air between the nozzle body. An exterior member that constitutes a flow path, and the exterior member has an open end opened into the test chamber,
When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is passed through the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path. High and its dew point is lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber,
An environmental test apparatus, wherein a flow velocity of air discharged from the air flow path is 0.8 m / sec to 1.2 m / sec. A test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a spray nozzle for snowfall. Water is sprayed from the spray nozzle for snowfall into the test chamber in a state where the temperature in the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point, and water drops in the test chamber. In an environmental test device that freezes snow and simulates snow in the test chamber,
The spray nozzle for snowfall is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle that diffuses and sprays water, and covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and air between the nozzle body. An exterior member constituting the flow path,
When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is passed through the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path. High and its dew point is lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber,
In the test chamber, temperature-controlled air is introduced from an air supply port, and air that has passed through the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle is also introduced into the test chamber, and the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle An environmental test apparatus characterized in that the flow rate of air introduced into the test chamber from the air supply port is equal to or slower than the flow rate of air introduced from the air supply port into the test chamber. A test chamber capable of creating a sub-freezing environment and a spray nozzle for snowfall. Water is sprayed from the spray nozzle for snowfall into the test chamber in a state where the temperature in the test chamber is maintained below the freezing point, and water drops in the test chamber. In an environmental test device that freezes snow and simulates snow in the test chamber,
The spray nozzle for snowfall is a one-fluid nozzle having a spray opening for diffusing and spraying water at the tip, and supplying only water to discharge water from the spray opening and diffusing water as fine water droplets And an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body, and the exterior member has an open end that opens into the test chamber,
When snowing in the test chamber, water is sprayed from the nozzle body and air is passed through the air flow path to replace the air in the air flow path, and the temperature of the air to be passed is sprayed. higher than the temperature of the water, the dew point is all SANYO lower than the dew point of the air in the test chamber,
Wherein the position of the spray apertures, environmental testing equipment, wherein the position near Rukoto inside than the position of the substantial aperture end of the outer member.   A blower that circulates the air in the test chamber, air is discharged from the air discharge port of the blower, and air is introduced into the test chamber through a predetermined air path. The air passing through the test chamber is also introduced into the test chamber, and the flow rate of the air introduced into the test chamber from the air flow path of the snow spray nozzle is at least slower than the flow rate of the air discharge port of the blower. Item 6. The environmental test apparatus according to any one of Items 2 to 5. The exterior member has an open end opened in the test chamber, and the nozzle body has a spray opening for spraying water, and the position of the spray opening is substantially at the position of the open end of the exterior member or on the inside thereof. environmental testing apparatus according to any one of claims 1,2,3,4,6, characterized in that in position.   The exterior member has an open end in the test chamber, the nozzle body sprays water with a predetermined diffusion angle, and the position of the open end of the exterior member is a place where the diffused water does not hit. The environmental test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the environmental test apparatus is characterized in that:   At least the nozzle body is fixed to the test chamber by a temporary fastening element from the outside of the test chamber directly or through another member, and at least the nozzle body is pulled out of the test chamber by removing the temporary fastening element. The environmental test apparatus according to claim 1, wherein:   The environment according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein a part or all of the exterior member can be removed or opened, and at least the nozzle body can be exposed in the test chamber. Test equipment. In the spray nozzle for snowfall that sprays water in a space maintained below freezing point and freezes water droplets to generate a pseudo snowfall phenomenon,
An exterior member that is a one-fluid nozzle or a two-fluid nozzle and diffuses and sprays water and covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body And the exterior member opens in the same direction as the spray opening of the nozzle body,
When a snowfall phenomenon occurs, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and air in the air channel is replaced with air in the air channel that has a dew point that is higher than the freezing point and lower than the air in the test chamber. It is possible to replace the air in the air flow path by passing it at a slow speed that can be performed, and to make an air atmosphere that passes through the air flow path in the vicinity of the tip of the nozzle body including the spray opening. Spray nozzle for snowfall. A nozzle body that sprays water by spraying water into a space maintained below freezing point and icing the water droplets to generate a pseudo snowfall phenomenon. And an exterior member that covers the periphery of the nozzle body that is the one-fluid nozzle or the two-fluid nozzle and forms an air flow path between the nozzle body and the exterior member that opens in the same direction as the spray opening of the nozzle body And
When a snowfall phenomenon occurs, water is sprayed from the nozzle body, and air having a dew point that is higher than the freezing point and lower than the air in the test chamber is passed through the air flow path so that the air in the air flow path And an air atmosphere passing through the air flow path near the tip of the nozzle body including the spray opening,
A spray nozzle for snowfall, wherein a flow velocity of air discharged from the air flow path is 0.8 m / sec to 1.2 m / sec.

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