JP6107504B2 - Pump and actuator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to pumps and actuators that utilize thermal transition flows.

The thermal transition flow is a flow peculiar to a rare gas, and when a wall having a temperature gradient exists in the rare gas, a unidirectional flow along the wall is induced from the low temperature part to the high temperature part. This is called a thermal transition flow. And a rare gas means a gas when there are few collisions between gas molecules so that an equilibrium state cannot be maintained in a certain region. Specific examples of the rare gas include a case where the pressure in the region of about 1 cm ³ is as low as about 1 Pa and the case where the pressure in a narrow region of about 10 × 10 × 10 nm is about atmospheric pressure. Like the latter, it becomes a rare gas in a small scale region even under atmospheric pressure, and it is possible to generate a thermal transition flow even under atmospheric pressure conditions.

  In order to generate a thermal transition flow under conditions of about atmospheric pressure, a porous structure in which a large number of pores having a small pore diameter not more than five times the mean free path of the surrounding gas (about 60 nm under atmospheric pressure) is formed inside A body is used (for example, Non-Patent Document 1 below). In Non-Patent Document 1, in order to generate a thermal transition flow inside the porous membrane, the air on one side of the porous membrane is heated by a heater to indirectly heat one side of the porous membrane. . As a result, a temperature difference is generated between one side of the porous membrane and the back side thereof, and a temperature gradient is generated inside the porous membrane.

N.K.Gupta et al., "Thermal transpiration in mixed cellulose ester membranes: Enabling miniature, motionless gas pumps", Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Vol.142, pp.535-541,2011

  In order to generate a thermal transition flow inside the porous body, it is necessary to generate a temperature gradient inside the porous body. In Non-Patent Document 1, in order to generate a temperature gradient inside the porous membrane, air on one side of the porous membrane is heated by a heater. However, still air has low heat conductivity (0.02 [W / (m · K)]), and the heat of the heater is difficult to be transmitted to one surface of the porous film, which is an object, so that the heating efficiency is low. Therefore, in Non-Patent Document 1, it is difficult to efficiently generate a thermal transition flow inside the porous membrane.

  An object of the present invention is to efficiently generate a thermal transition flow in a pump and an actuator that use the thermal transition flow.

  Moreover, in the pump using a heat transition flow, although a gas can be transferred, the liquid could not be transferred in principle. Another object of the present invention is to enable liquid transfer in a pump that uses a heat transition flow.

  The pump and actuator according to the present invention employ the following means in order to achieve the above-described object.

  The pump according to the present invention has light absorptivity for a predetermined wavelength band, and irradiates the first surface of the porous body with a porous body having pores and an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band. A heating section for heating the first surface of the porous body, the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space, the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space, and the first space And the second space communicate with each other through pores, and the gist is that the gas in the second space can be transferred to the first space through the pores communicating with each other.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the pores of the porous body preferably have a pore diameter that is not more than five times the length of the mean free path of the gas filled in the first space or the second space.

  In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the first surface of the porous body is irradiated with electromagnetic waves through a transmission window having light transmittance with respect to the predetermined wavelength band.

  In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable to include a heat radiating portion for radiating heat on the second surface of the porous body.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the porous body has a light absorption peak for infrared light, and the heating unit irradiates the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the infrared light region. Is preferred.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, the porous body has a light absorption peak with respect to visible light, and the heating unit irradiates the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the visible light region. Is preferred.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the porous body is preferably made of silicon dioxide, and the predetermined wavelength band is preferably 2.3 μm or more.

  In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the porous body is made of silicon dioxide, and the predetermined wavelength band is 2.3 to 4.0 μm.

  In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the porous body is made of silicon dioxide, and the predetermined wavelength band is 2.5 to 3.8 μm, or 4.8 μm or more.

  In one aspect of the present invention, it is preferable that the gas molecules in the second space are transferred to the first space by a thermal transition flow generated inside the pores.

  Moreover, the actuator which concerns on this invention makes it a summary to have a drive part based on the pressure difference which generate | occur | produces between 1st space and 2nd space with the pump which concerns on this invention.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the first space communicates with a third space having a liquid discharge port, and the pump discharges the liquid in the third space from the liquid discharge port by pressurizing the third space. It is preferred that it is possible.

  In one aspect of the present invention, the second space communicates with a fourth space having a liquid suction port, and the pump sucks liquid from the liquid suction port into the fourth space by decompressing the fourth space. It is preferred that it is possible.

  In one aspect of the present invention, a first valve that allows or blocks communication between the fifth space having the liquid transfer port and the first space, and a second valve that allows or blocks communication between the fifth space and the second space. And the pump allows the communication between the fifth space and the first space by the first valve and blocks the communication between the fifth space and the second space by the second valve, A discharge function for discharging the liquid from the liquid transfer port, the communication between the fifth space and the first space is blocked by the first valve, and the communication between the fifth space and the second space is permitted by the second valve. Thus, it is preferable to have a suction function for sucking liquid into the fifth space from the liquid transfer port.

  The pump according to the present invention includes a porous body having pores, and means for making the temperature of the first surface of the porous body higher than the temperature of the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body. The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space, the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space, and the first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores, It is possible to transfer the gas in the two spaces to the first space through the pores communicating with each other, and the first space communicates with the third space having the liquid discharge port and pressurizes the third space. The gist is that the liquid in the third space can be discharged from the liquid discharge port.

  The pump according to the present invention includes a porous body having pores, and means for making the temperature of the first surface of the porous body higher than the temperature of the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body. The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space, the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space, and the first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores, It is possible to transfer the gas in the two spaces to the first space through the pores communicating with each other, and the second space communicates with the fourth space having the liquid suction port, and depressurizes the fourth space. The gist is that the liquid can be sucked into the fourth space from the liquid suction port.

  The gist of the power generation facility according to the present invention is that power generation can be performed using the pump according to the present invention.

  In one embodiment of the present invention, it is preferable that the first surface is one main surface of the porous body and the second surface is a surface opposite to the one main surface of the porous body.

  According to the present invention, by irradiating one main surface of a porous body with an electromagnetic wave including a wavelength band in which the porous body has light absorption, the porous body can efficiently absorb the energy of the irradiated electromagnetic wave from the one main surface. And one main surface of the porous body can be efficiently heated. As a result, a heat transition flow can be efficiently generated inside the porous body, and a pressure difference can be generated efficiently.

  According to the present invention, the third space communicating with the first space is pressurized by the thermal transition flow generated inside the porous body to discharge the liquid in the third space, or communicated with the second space. The fourth space can be decompressed to suck the liquid into the fourth space. Therefore, it is possible to transfer the liquid using the thermal transition flow generated inside the porous body.

It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the light transmission spectrum of silicon dioxide. It is a figure which shows the black body radiation spectrum of a 900 degreeC substance. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the light transmission spectrum of calcium fluoride. It is a figure which shows the light transmission spectrum of sodium chloride. It is a figure which shows the experimental data which measured the light transmission spectrum of the silica airgel. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the actuator which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. In the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention, it is a figure which shows an example of the relationship between the energy given to the surface of a porous film, and the transfer flow rate of a liquid. It is a figure which shows the other schematic structure of the pump which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the cooling device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows schematic structure of the cooling device which concerns on embodiment of this invention. It is a figure showing a schematic structure of a power generation facility concerning an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure showing a schematic structure of a power generation facility concerning an embodiment of the present invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments for carrying out the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a schematic configuration of a pump according to an embodiment of the present invention. The pump according to the present embodiment is a thermally driven molecular flow pump capable of pressurizing or depressurizing a gas using a thermal transition flow.

The porous membrane 10 disposed in the casing 20 has pores 12 inside a material having low thermal conductivity (0.2 [W / (m · K)] or less), for example, silicon dioxide (silica, SiO ₂ ) material. Is formed of a silica airgel film formed in large numbers. A first space 16 is formed between the casing 20 and the surface (first surface, one principal surface) 10a of the porous membrane 10, and a heat sink (heat radiating portion) 14 disposed in the casing 20 and the porous membrane. A second space 18 is formed between 10 back surfaces (second surfaces opposite to the first surface (one main surface)) 10b. That is, the front surface 10 a of the porous film 10 is in contact with the first space 16, and the back surface 10 b of the porous film 10 is in contact with the second space 18. An airtight seal 22 is provided in close contact with the heat sink 14 and the back surface 10b of the porous film 10 around the second space 18 between the heat sink 14 and the back surface 10b of the porous film 10. The second space 18 communicates with the inflow port 17 through an inflow path 19 formed in the heat sink 14, and the first space 16 communicates with the outflow port 15. Further, the second space 18 and the first space 16 communicate with each other through a large number of pores 12 inside the porous membrane 10. The pore diameter of each pore 12 inside the porous membrane 10 is formed to be not more than five times the average free path (about 60 nm under atmospheric pressure) of the surrounding gas filled in the first space 16 or the second space 18. For example, it is formed to about 10 nm.

  Between the casing 20 and the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 (in the first space 16), a light source 24 for irradiating the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 with an electromagnetic wave (light) 44 is installed. The light source 24 is supported on the casing 20 via a support member 25. The light source 24 here is an infrared light source that irradiates the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 with infrared light as the light 44, and an infrared heater or the like can be used as the infrared light source.

  FIG. 2A shows a light transmission spectrum of silicon dioxide which is a material of the porous film 10. As shown in FIG. 2A, silicon dioxide has a high light transmittance for light having a wavelength shorter than 2.3 μm, but the light transmittance for light having a wavelength of 2.3 μm or more is lowered. Thus, silicon dioxide exhibits light transmission in a wavelength band shorter than 2.3 μm, for example, light transmission in a wavelength band in the visible light region, but exhibits light absorption in a wavelength band of 2.3 μm or more. For example, it exhibits light absorption in the wavelength band of the infrared light region, and has a light absorption peak for infrared light. Therefore, the silicon dioxide material of the porous film 10 is irradiated by irradiating the surface 10a of the porous film 10 from the light source 24 with an electromagnetic wave (light) 44 including a wavelength band of 2.3 μm or more that shows light absorption. The energy of the light 44 is absorbed by the porous film 10 from the surface 10a. For example, by irradiating the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 with infrared light 44 having a light absorption wavelength band of 2.3 μm to 4.0 μm, the energy of the irradiated infrared light 44 is partially applied to the porous film 10. Absorbed from the surface 10a. Thereby, the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 can be heated using the light source 24 as a heating part.

  The black body emission spectrum of the material at 900 ° C. is shown in FIG. 2B. As shown in FIG. 2B, the black body radiation spectrum at 900 ° C. has the highest irradiance (intensity) at a wavelength of about 2.5 μm and is high in the wavelength band of the infrared light region of 2.3 μm to 4.0 μm. Indicates irradiance. Therefore, the black body radiation spectrum at 900 ° C. has a peak of irradiance in a wavelength band of 2.3 μm or more where silicon dioxide exhibits light absorption, and has a high irradiance of 2.3 μm to 4.0 μm. The light emission wavelength band matches the light absorption wavelength band of silicon dioxide. Furthermore, the black body radiation spectrum changes according to the temperature, and the irradiance increases as the temperature rises. Further, the wavelength at which the irradiance is maximized is shortened. Therefore, by adjusting the filament temperature of the light source 24 to a temperature (for example, 900 ° C.) at which a condition having a peak of a black body radiation spectrum in a wavelength band of 2.3 μm or more where silicon dioxide exhibits light absorption is established. The light source 24 emits an electromagnetic wave (light) 44 having an intensity peak within the wavelength band where silicon dioxide absorbs light (about 2.5 μm when the filament temperature is 900 ° C.) to the surface 10 a of the porous film 10. Can radiate. Thereby, the light emission wavelength band in which the irradiance of the light source 24 becomes high can be matched with the light absorption wavelength band of silicon dioxide. The filament temperature of the light source 24 can be adjusted by adjusting the power supplied to the light source 24.

  When the thermally driven molecular flow pump according to the present embodiment is operated, the condition that the silicon dioxide material of the porous film 10 has a peak of the black body radiation spectrum in the wavelength band of the infrared region where the light absorption is exhibited. The filament temperature of the light source 24 is adjusted by heating to an established temperature (for example, 900 ° C.). As a result, an electromagnetic wave (infrared light) 44 having an intensity peak in the wavelength band of the infrared light region where the silicon dioxide material exhibits light absorption is emitted from the light source 24, and the energy of the emitted infrared light 44 is reduced. The porous membrane 10 is absorbed from the surface 10a. Thus, when the surface 10a of the porous film 10 is heated, the temperature of the surface 10a of the porous film 10 becomes higher than the temperature of the back surface 10b, and a temperature difference is generated, and the thickness direction is generated inside the porous film 10. A temperature gradient of. Along with the generation of this temperature gradient, a thermal transition flow 40 is generated in the porous membrane 10 from the second space 18 side (low temperature side) to the first space 16 side (high temperature side). In that case, the heat sink 14 dissipates heat from the back surface 10b of the porous film 10, thereby increasing the temperature difference between the front surface 10a and the back surface 10b of the porous film 10 and increasing the temperature gradient inside the porous film 10. It is possible to increase the thermal transition flow 40 that passes through the pores 12 in the porous membrane 10. Due to the generation of the thermal transition flow 40, gas molecules in the second space 18 facing the back surface 10b of the porous membrane 10 are transferred to the first space 16 facing the surface 10a through the pores 12 inside the porous membrane 10. Since the pressure of the gas in the first space 16 becomes higher than the pressure of the gas in the second space 18 and a pressure difference is generated, it functions as a gas pump that pressurizes or depressurizes the gas using this pressure difference. Can be made. When the second space 18 is at atmospheric pressure (open to the atmosphere), the gas in the first space 16 is pressurized by the thermal transition flow 40 with respect to the atmospheric pressure, so that it can function as a pressure pump. On the other hand, when the first space 16 is at atmospheric pressure (open to the atmosphere), the gas in the second space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40, and thus can function as a decompression pump.

  In order to generate the heat transition flow 40 from the second space 18 side to the first space 16 side inside the porous film 10, the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 is heated to increase the thickness direction inside the porous film 10. It is necessary to generate a temperature gradient. In the present embodiment, the light emission wavelength band in which the irradiance of the light source 24 is increased matches the light absorption wavelength band (wavelength band in the infrared light region) of the silicon dioxide material of the porous film 10, thereby radiating from the light source 24. The energy of the emitted light 44 (infrared light) can be efficiently absorbed by the porous film 10 from the surface 10a, and the surface 10a of the porous film 10 can be efficiently heated without contact. At that time, since the energy of the light 44 is absorbed by the porous film 10 itself, it is not necessary to perform a surface treatment such as forming a film that absorbs the light 44 on the surface 10a of the porous film 10, and the porous material 10 The pores 12 inside the membrane 10 are not blocked. Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the heat transition flow 40 from the second space 18 side to the first space 16 side can be efficiently generated in the porous membrane 10, and the first space 16 and the second space 18 are generated. The pressure difference can be efficiently generated between the two. As a result, a thermally driven molecular flow pump having high performance in terms of flow rate and head can be realized.

  Infrared light generally includes light of all wavelengths of 0.7 μm or more. Therefore, for example, when infrared light having an irradiance peak at 1 μm is radiated from the light source 24, light near 1 μm with high irradiance is out of the light absorption wavelength band of the silicon dioxide material of the porous film 10. It does not contribute to the heating of the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 through the porous membrane 10. Furthermore, if the light transmitted through the porous film 10 is absorbed by a material other than the porous film 10 such as the heat sink 14, the temperature gradient inside the porous film 10 is also reduced, and the performance of the thermally driven molecular flow pump It also leads to a decline. In order to efficiently generate the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous film 10, the light absorption wavelength band of the material of the porous film 10 is examined, and the light source 24 has a peak of irradiance in the light absorption wavelength band. By adjusting the wavelength band (temperature of the light source 24) of the light 44 emitted from the light, the light 44 emitted from the light source 24 is suppressed from passing through the porous film 10, and the surface 10a of the porous film 10 is It is necessary to contribute to heating.

  In order to quantitatively evaluate the output of the thermally driven molecular flow pump according to the present embodiment, in the configuration shown in FIG. 1, the first space 16 is atmospheric pressure (open to the atmosphere), and the second space 18 is a closed space. By constructing an experimental device and heating the filament of the light source 24 (infrared heater) to 900 ° C., infrared light is applied to the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 (silica airgel membrane having a thickness of about 1 mm and a porosity of about 90%). An experiment was conducted to measure the pressure in the second space 18 when 44 was irradiated. As a result of the experiment, the pressure in the second space 18 could be reduced by 25.5 kPa (about 25% of the atmospheric pressure) with respect to the atmospheric pressure. Since the highest value shown in Non-Patent Document 1 is 1.05 kPa, 25.5 kPa in this embodiment corresponds to 24 times or more. Since the liquid can be lifted by 1 mm per 10 Pa, 25.5 kPa corresponds to a lift of 2.55 m in terms of pump performance.

  In the present embodiment, it is possible to heat the surface 10a of the porous film 10 by irradiating the light 44 with the light source 24 other than the infrared heater. For example, in the configuration shown in FIG. 5, the light source 24 is configured by a light source using vacuum-sealed carbon or a material having a radiation rate close to that of a black body and a radiation rate of approximately 0.7 or more. A condensing lens 26 (for example, a Fresnel lens) for condensing sunlight 46 (light having a wavelength of approximately 0.3 μm to 1.2 μm) is disposed at a position facing the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 in the casing 20. And the focal point of the condenser lens 26 is located in the space on the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10. The light source 24 (for example, vacuum-sealed carbon) is disposed between the condensing lens 26 and the surface 10a of the porous film 10, and is disposed at the focal position of the condensing lens 26, so that the condensing lens 26 condenses light. The irradiated sunlight 46 is condensed on the light source 24.

  Since carbon absorbs almost 100% of visible light and infrared light, the light source 24 (vacuum-encapsulated carbon) is heated by absorbing the energy of sunlight 46 collected by the condenser lens 26. At that time, the carbon does not burn out even when the temperature rises, if it is vacuum sealed and there is no surrounding oxygen. By adjusting the temperature of the light source 24 (vacuum-encapsulated carbon) to a temperature at which the black body radiation spectrum has a high irradiance in the wavelength band of the infrared light region (for example, 900 ° C.), the light source 24 can be This silicon dioxide material can function as an infrared light source that radiates infrared light 44 in a wavelength band exhibiting light absorptivity to the surface 10 a of the porous film 10. As a result, the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 can be efficiently heated in a non-contact manner using the condenser lens 26 and the light source 24 as a heating unit, and the second space 18 side can be heated inside the porous membrane 10 from the second space 18 side. It is possible to efficiently generate the heat transition flow 40 toward the one space 16 side. Further, in the configuration example shown in FIG. 5, the energy of sunlight 46 is used as energy for heating the surface 10 a of the porous film 10, so that electric energy or the like is used for driving the heat-driven molecular flow pump. Since energy other than 46 is not required, energy efficiency can be improved. However, in the configuration example shown in FIG. 5, it is also possible to use visible light energy other than sunlight 46 as the energy for heating the light source 24 (vacuum-filled carbon). In that case, the light source 24 (vacuum-filled carbon) functions as an infrared light source that emits infrared light 44 to the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 by being heated by visible light energy.

In this embodiment, for example, as shown in FIG. 3, a light transmission window 27 is provided between the light source 24 and the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 to seal the porous film 10 with respect to the light source 24. It is also possible. The light transmission window 27 exhibits light transparency with respect to the wavelength band of the electromagnetic wave (light) 44 emitted from the light source 24. In other words, the light transmission window 27 exhibits light transmittance with respect to the wavelength band in which the material of the porous film 10 has light absorption (not light absorption), and the emission wavelength band of the light 44 from the light source 24 and It has a light absorption wavelength band different from the light absorption wavelength band of the material of the porous film 10. Therefore, the light 44 from the light source 24 is irradiated to the surface 10a of the porous film 10 through the light transmission window 27, and the surface 10a of the porous film 10 is heated. In the example in which the material of the porous film 10 is silicon dioxide, as the material of the light transmission window 27, calcium fluoride (CaF ₂ ) having the light transmission spectrum shown in FIG. 4A or chloride having the light transmission spectrum shown in FIG. 4B. Sodium (NaCl) etc. can be illustrated, for example, the infrared light 44 of a wavelength band of 2.3 μm to 4.0 μm passes through the light transmission window 27 of calcium fluoride or sodium chloride, and the surface of the porous membrane 10 10a is irradiated.

  For example, when the light transmission window 27 and the porous film 10 are made of the same material (for example, silicon dioxide), the light transmission wavelength band and the light absorption wavelength band are the same in the light transmission window 27 and the porous film 10. become. In that case, even if light in the light absorption wavelength band of the porous film 10 (for example, infrared light of 2.3 μm to 4.0 μm) is emitted from the light source 24, it is absorbed almost without being transmitted through the light transmission window 27. Therefore, it does not contribute to the heating of the surface 10a of the porous film 10. In order to efficiently generate the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous film 10, the light is transmitted so that there is a wavelength band common to the light transmission wavelength band of the light transmission window 27 and the light absorption wavelength band of the porous film 10. The material is made different between the transmission window 27 and the porous film 10 so that the irradiance peak exists in the light absorption wavelength band of the porous film 10 and the light transmission wavelength band of the light transmission window 27 (common wavelength band). By adjusting the wavelength band (temperature of the light source 24) of the light 44 emitted from the light source 24, the light 44 emitted from the light source 24 is prevented from passing through the light transmission window 27 and through the porous film 10. Thus, it is necessary to contribute to the heating of the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10.

  In the above embodiment, even if the temperature of the light source 24 is other than 900 ° C., the silicon dioxide material of the porous film 10 has a peak of the black body radiation spectrum in the wavelength band of the infrared light region exhibiting light absorption. It is possible to satisfy the conditions, and the light source 24 transmits infrared light 44 having an intensity peak in the wavelength band of the infrared light region where the silicon dioxide material exhibits light absorption to the surface 10a of the porous film 10. It is possible to radiate. For example, when the temperature of the light source 24 is 1200 ° C. or lower, the black body radiation spectrum has high irradiance in the wavelength band of the infrared light region, and the infrared light 44 can be emitted to the surface 10 a of the porous film 10. Is possible. In the black body radiation spectrum, the irradiance increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, in order to increase the absorption energy from the light source 24 to the porous body film 10, the silicon dioxide material of the porous body film 10 absorbs light. It is preferable to raise the temperature of the light source 24 within a range where the condition that the black body radiation spectrum has high irradiance is established in the wavelength band indicating. In addition, the light emission wavelength band in which the irradiance (blackbody emission spectrum) of the light source 24 is high need not be completely matched with the light absorption wavelength band of the material of the porous film 10. It is possible to partially match the light emission wavelength band to be increased with the light absorption wavelength band of the material of the porous film 10, and the light emission wavelength band in which the irradiance of the light source 24 is increased is the material of the porous film 10. It is also possible to make it close to the light absorption wavelength band.

  FIG. 4C shows experimental data obtained by measuring a light transmission spectrum of a product name “SP30” manufactured by JFCC as another example of silica airgel containing silicon dioxide. As shown in FIG. 4C, it can be seen that the light absorptivity of silica airgel is particularly suitable in the wavelength bands of 2.5 μm to 3.8 μm and 4.8 μm or more. The reason for this is that about 2.5 μm to 3.8 μm is an absorption band of OH groups and alkyl groups, and it is considered that OH groups and alkyl groups contained in silicon dioxide contribute to 4.8 μm or more. Is an absorption band of silicon dioxide, and it is considered that silicon dioxide contributes. And if it is a silica airgel film | membrane consisting of general silicon dioxide other than the said product, it will be thought that it has the same light absorption characteristic. Therefore, in the present embodiment, an electromagnetic wave (infrared light) 44 having an intensity peak in the wavelength band of the infrared light region of 2.5 μm to 3.8 μm in which silica airgel exhibits light absorption is emitted from the light source 24. By doing so, the energy of the emitted infrared light 44 can be efficiently absorbed from the surface 10a by the porous film 10 (silica airgel film). Therefore, the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 can be efficiently heated with less energy, and the thermal transition flow 40 can be efficiently generated. As a result, an efficient thermal transition flow pump can be realized. Alternatively, in the present embodiment, the silica airgel emits an electromagnetic wave (infrared light) 44 having an intensity peak in the wavelength band of the infrared light region of 4.8 μm or more, which shows light absorption, from the light source 24. However, it is possible to efficiently generate the thermal transition flow 40 by efficiently heating the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 (silica airgel membrane) with less energy.

  In the present embodiment, a visible light source (for example, a halogen lamp) having a wavelength of 0.4 μm to 0.8 μm can be used as the light source 24. In that case, as the material for the porous film 10, a material that exhibits light absorption in the wavelength band of the visible light region and has a peak of light absorption with respect to visible light is used. As a material for the porous film 10 in that case, for example, silicon carbide (SiC) or the like can be used, but other black or dark blue materials can also be used. When a visible light source is used as the light source 24, the light source 24 (visible light source) is heated to a temperature at which the condition that the material of the porous film 10 has a black body radiation spectrum peak in the wavelength band of the visible light region exhibiting light absorption is established. ) Adjust the temperature by heating. As a result, the light source 24 radiates electromagnetic waves (visible light) 44 having an intensity peak in the wavelength band of the visible light region where the material of the porous film 10 exhibits light absorption to the surface 10 a of the porous film 10. For example, when the temperature of the light source 24 is higher than 1200 ° C., the black body radiation spectrum has high irradiance in the wavelength band of the visible light region, and the visible light 44 can be emitted to the surface 10 a of the porous film 10. is there. By irradiating the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 from the light source 24 with visible light 44 in a wavelength band in which the material of the porous membrane 10 exhibits light absorption, the energy of the irradiated visible light 44 is applied to the porous membrane 10 Absorbed from the surface 10a. Thereby, the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 can be efficiently heated in a non-contact manner, and the thermal transition flow 40 from the second space 18 side to the first space 16 side is efficiently generated inside the porous membrane 10. be able to.

  Moreover, when using the material which shows a light absorptivity in the wavelength range of visible light region, such as silicon carbide, as a material of the porous body film | membrane 10, it is porous by irradiating the surface 10a of the porous body film | membrane 10 with sunlight 46. It is also possible to heat the surface 10 a of the body film 10 to generate a heat transition flow from the second space 18 side to the first space 16 side inside the porous film 10. Regarding the configuration in that case, in the configuration example shown in FIG. 5, the light source 24 (for example, vacuum-sealed carbon) is omitted and the surface 10 a of the porous film 10 is irradiated with sunlight 46 condensed by the condenser lens 26. The configuration should be considered.

  In the above embodiment, the heat sink 14 for radiating the back surface 10b of the porous film 10 can be omitted. Even in that case, it is possible to generate the heat transition flow 40 from the second space 18 side to the first space 16 side inside the porous membrane 10.

  In the above embodiment, the actuator drive unit may be driven using the pressure difference generated between the first space 16 and the second space 18 by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10. Is possible. That is, an actuator can also be configured using the configuration of the above embodiment. For example, in the actuator having the configuration shown in FIG. 6, when a pressure difference is generated between the first space 16 and the second space 18 due to the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous film 10, the drive unit 34 moves to the low pressure side.

  Moreover, in the above embodiment, it is also possible to transfer the liquid using the pressure difference generated between the first space 16 and the second space 18 by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10. . That is, a liquid pump can be configured using the configuration of the above embodiment. For example, in the liquid pump having the configuration shown in FIG. 7, the second space 18 is opened to the atmosphere, and the first space 16 communicates with the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 via the flow path 51. Further, a liquid discharge port 30b is provided in the liquid tank 30, and the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 communicates with the outside of the liquid tank 30 through the liquid discharge port 30b. A liquid 32 is accommodated in the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30. When the gas in the first space 16 is pressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 communicating with the first space 16 through the flow path 51 is formed. Pressurized more than atmospheric pressure. As a result, the liquid 32 stored in the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 is pressurized, and the liquid 32 is discharged out of the liquid tank 30 through the liquid discharge port 30b.

  In the liquid pump configured as shown in FIG. 8, the first space 16 is opened to the atmosphere, and the second space 18 communicates with the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 through the flow path 52. Furthermore, a liquid suction port 30c is provided in the liquid tank 30, and the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 communicates with the inside of the liquid container 31 disposed outside the liquid tank 30 via the liquid suction port 30c. A liquid 32 is accommodated in the liquid container 31. When the gas in the second space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 communicating with the second space 18 through the flow path 52 is large. The pressure is reduced from the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the liquid 32 in the liquid container 31 is sucked into the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 from the liquid suction port 30c.

  9A, the first space 16 can communicate with the flow path 53 via the flow path 51, and the second space 18 can communicate with the flow path 53 via the flow path 52. Yes, the flow path 53 communicates with the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30. Furthermore, a liquid transfer port 30d is provided in the liquid tank 30, and the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 communicates with the inside of the liquid container 31 disposed outside the liquid tank 30 via the liquid transfer port 30d. The flow path 51 is provided with a first valve 61 that allows or blocks communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53 (the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30). The first valve 61 is constituted by a three-way valve. When the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53 is blocked by the first valve 61, the first space 16 is opened to the atmosphere. The flow path 52 is provided with a second valve 62 that allows or blocks communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53 (the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30). The second valve 62 is constituted by a three-way valve, and when the communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53 is blocked by the second valve 62, the second space 18 is opened to the atmosphere.

  As shown in FIG. 9A, the first valve 61 allows the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53, and the second valve 62 blocks the communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53 (second In the case of opening the space 18 to the atmosphere), when the gas in the first space 16 is pressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, the first space is passed through the flow paths 51 and 53. The internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 that communicates with 16 is pressurized from the atmospheric pressure. As a result, the liquid 32 stored in the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 is pressurized, and the liquid 32 is discharged from the liquid transfer port 30 d into the liquid container 31 outside the liquid tank 30.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9B, the first valve 61 blocks the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53 (opens the first space 16 to the atmosphere), and the second valve 62 connects to the second space 18. When the communication with the flow path 53 is allowed, when the gas in the second space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, the second flow occurs via the flow paths 52 and 53. The internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 communicating with the space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure. Accordingly, the liquid 32 in the liquid container 31 is sucked into the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 from the liquid transfer port 30d. 9A, the liquid pump having the configuration shown in FIG. 9A has a discharge function for discharging the liquid 32 in the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 from the liquid transfer port 30d, and a liquid from the liquid transfer port 30d to the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30. It has a suction function to suck 32. If the liquid level in the liquid tank 30 is lower than the liquid level in the liquid container 31, the first space 61 is opened to the atmosphere by the first valve 61 (the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53 is blocked). In addition, the second space 18 is opened to the atmosphere (the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53 is blocked), so that the liquid 32 in the liquid container 31 can be removed from the liquid tank 30 using the siphon principle. It can be transferred to the space 30a.

  According to the liquid pump according to the above embodiment, the liquid 32 can be transferred using the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10. Further, unlike a liquid pump such as a gear pump, there is no pulsation of the liquid 32, and vibration and noise can be greatly reduced. Furthermore, since the liquid 32 does not touch the pump mechanism, problems such as corrosion do not occur. Therefore, it can be suitably used in various applications.

  As described above, the maximum value of the pressure difference due to the thermal transition flow shown in Non-Patent Document 1 is 1.05 kPa, and even if an attempt is made to transfer liquid using this pressure difference, the lift is about 10 cm. Only the performance of a lifting height of 1 mm per pressure difference of 10 Pa is obtained, and sufficient performance as a liquid pump cannot be obtained. On the other hand, in this embodiment, a pressure difference of 25.5 kPa can be obtained between the first space 16 and the second space 18 by the thermal transition flow 40, and the performance of a lift of 2.55 m sufficient as a liquid pump. Can be obtained.

  In the liquid pump according to the above embodiment, the relationship between the energy applied to the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 and the transfer flow rate of the liquid 32 is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, the greater the energy applied to the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10, the greater the transfer flow rate of the liquid 32. Therefore, the transfer flow rate of the liquid 32 can be adjusted by adjusting the energy applied to the surface 10 a of the porous membrane 10.

  In the liquid pump for transferring the liquid 32, in order to generate the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, means for making the temperature of the front surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 higher than the temperature of the back surface 10b is: The surface 10a of the porous film 10 is heated using other heat sources than the emission of the electromagnetic wave (light) 44 from the light source 24, and the temperature of the surface 10a of the porous film 10 is changed to the back surface 10b. It is also possible to make it higher than the temperature. For example, when the surface 10a of the porous membrane 10 is heated using the exhaust heat of the apparatus as a heat source, the liquid 32 can be transferred without using electricity. Therefore, even in isolated spaces where power lines cannot reach, such as spacecraft (satellite), ships, deep-sea boats, deep-sea construction premises, underground premises, cars (especially EVs), tunnels, and human bodies, The pump can be used. In addition, when used within the reach of the power transmission line, there are advantages that an external power source is not required for transferring the liquid 32 and that the transfer of the liquid 32 starts automatically when the heat source reaches a high temperature. Moreover, it is also possible to apply the transfer of the liquid 32 by the liquid pump to, for example, cooling water circulation, air-conditioner refrigerant circulation, power generation, propulsion of a moving body, and the like.

  In the liquid pump having the configuration shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3 are provided in parallel. The first space 16 can communicate with the flow paths 53-1 to 53-3 via the flow path 51, and the second space 18 can communicate with the flow paths 53-1 to 53-3 via the flow path 52. The flow paths 53-1 to 53-3 can communicate with the internal spaces 30a-1 to 30a-3 of the liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3, respectively. Furthermore, the liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3 are respectively provided with liquid transfer ports 30d-1 to 30d-3, and the internal spaces 30a-1 to 30a-3 of the liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3 are provided. It can communicate with the liquid container 31 through the liquid transfer ports 30d-1 to 30d-3. On the flow paths 53-1 to 53-3, an open / close valve 63-1 that allows or blocks communication between the flow paths 51 and 52 and the internal spaces 30a-1 to 30a-3 of the liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3. To 63-3 are provided. The liquid transfer ports 30d-1 to 30d-3 are open / close valves 64-1 that allow or block communication between the liquid container 31 and the internal spaces 30a-1 to 30a-3 of the liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3. ˜64-3 are provided. Different types of liquids 32-1 to 32-3 are accommodated in the internal spaces 30a-1 to 30a-3 of the liquid tanks 30-1 to 30-3, respectively.

  According to the configuration example shown in FIG. 11, a plurality of types of liquids 32-1 to 32-3 can be transferred by opening and closing the on-off valves 63-1 to 63-3 and 64-1 to 64-3. is there. For example, as shown in FIG. 11, when the on-off valves 63-2, 64-2 are opened and the on-off valves 63-1, 63-3, 64-1, 64-3 are closed, the flow paths 51, 52 and the liquid tank Communication with the internal space 30a-2 of 30-2 and communication between the inside of the liquid container 31 and the internal space 30a-2 of the liquid tank 30-2 are allowed, and the flow paths 51 and 52 and the liquid tank 30-1 are allowed. , 30-3 and the internal spaces 30a-1 and 30a-3, and the communication between the liquid container 31 and the internal spaces 30a-1 and 30a-3 of the liquid tanks 30-1 and 30-3 are blocked. . In that case, the liquid 32-2 accommodated in the internal space 30a-2 of the liquid tank 30-2 can be transferred. As shown in FIG. 11, the first valve 61 allows communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53-2, and the second valve 62 blocks communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2. When performing (releasing the second space 18 to the atmosphere), the gas in the first space 16 is pressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, so that the liquid tank 30-2 The liquid 32-2 in the internal space 30a-2 is discharged into the liquid container 31 from the liquid transfer port 30d-2. On the other hand, the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53-2 is blocked by the first valve 61 (the first space 16 is opened to the atmosphere), and the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2 are closed by the second valve 62. Is allowed to communicate with the liquid, the gas in the second space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, so that the liquid 32-2 in the liquid container 31 is liquid-transferred. The liquid is sucked into the internal space 30a-2 of the liquid tank 30-2 from the port 30d-2.

  It is also possible to configure the cooling device using the liquid pump described above. In the cooling device having the configuration shown in FIG. 12, the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 communicates with the cooling channel 54 passing through the vicinity of the high-temperature object (cooling object) 60 and the liquid transfer port 30 d, and the inside of the liquid tank 50. The space 50a communicates with the cooling channel 54 via the liquid transfer port 50d. Furthermore, the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 is open to the atmosphere via the open air port 50e. Cooling fins 30f and 50f are provided in the liquid tanks 30 and 50, respectively, and a radiator 57 is provided in a flow path 55 that connects the liquid transfer port 30d of the liquid tank 30 and the cooling flow path 54. A cooling liquid 32 is accommodated in the internal spaces 30a and 50a of the liquid tanks 30 and 50, respectively.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the first valve 61 allows communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53-2, and the second valve 62 blocks communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2. When the second space 18 is opened to the atmosphere, the gas in the first space 16 is pressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, so that the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30. The liquid 32 stored in the tank is pressurized, and the liquid 32 is supplied from the liquid transfer port 30d to the cooling channel 54. Thereby, the high temperature object 60 can be cooled. The liquid 32 that has passed through the cooling flow path 54 flows into the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 from the liquid transfer port 50d.

  When the liquid 32 in the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 decreases, as shown in FIG. 13, the first valve 61 and the second valve 62 are switched, and the first valve 61 and the flow path 53-2 are switched by the first valve 61. The communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2 is allowed by the second valve 62. In that case, the gas in the second space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, whereby the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure, and the liquid 32. Is sucked into the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 from the liquid transfer port 30d. Thereby, the liquid 32 accommodated in the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 is supplied to the cooling flow path 54, and the high temperature object 60 can be cooled.

  When the liquid 32 in the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 decreases, as shown in FIG. 12, the first valve 61 and the second valve 62 are switched, and the first space 61 and the flow path 53-2 are switched by the first valve 61. The second valve 62 blocks communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2 (opens the second space 18 to the atmosphere). By repeating the above operation, cooling is performed between the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 and the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 via the cooling flow path 54 using the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10. The liquid 32 for use can be reciprocated and the high temperature object 60 can be cooled. In addition, in order to generate the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous film 10, the surface 10a of the porous film 10 is heated by using the thermal energy generated by the high-temperature material 60 itself, so that the surface 10a of the porous film 10 is heated. It is also possible to make the temperature of this higher than the temperature of the back surface 10b. In that case, when the high temperature object 60 becomes high temperature, the transfer of the liquid 32 automatically starts, and the abnormal temperature increase of the high temperature object 60 can be automatically prevented.

  It is also possible to configure a power generation facility using the liquid pump described above. In the power generation facility configured as shown in FIG. 14, a propeller (water wheel) 58 is provided in the flow path 56 that connects the liquid transfer port 30 d of the liquid tank 30 and the liquid transfer port 50 d of the liquid tank 50. As the liquid 32 flows, the propeller 58 rotates to generate power. The propeller 58 is mechanically connected to the generator 59, and the generator 59 generates electric power (generates power) using the power generated by the rotation of the propeller 58.

  As shown in FIG. 14, the first valve 61 allows the communication between the first space 16 and the flow path 53-2, and the second valve 62 blocks the communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2. When the second space 18 is opened to the atmosphere, the gas in the first space 16 is pressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, so that the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30. The liquid 32 contained in the container is pressurized, and the liquid 32 is supplied from the liquid transfer port 30d to the flow path 56 (propeller 58). As a result, the propeller 58 is rotationally driven to generate power, and the generator 59 generates electric power. The liquid 32 that has passed through the flow path 56 flows into the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 from the liquid transfer port 50d.

  When the liquid 32 in the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 decreases, as shown in FIG. 15, the first valve 61 and the second valve 62 are switched, and the first valve 61 and the flow path 53-2 are switched by the first valve 61. The communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2 is allowed by the second valve 62. In that case, the gas in the second space 18 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure by the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10, whereby the internal space 30 a of the liquid tank 30 is depressurized from the atmospheric pressure, and the liquid 32. Is sucked into the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 from the liquid transfer port 30d. As a result, the liquid 32 stored in the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 is supplied to the flow path 56, the propeller 58 is rotationally driven to generate power, and the generator 59 generates electric power.

  When the liquid 32 in the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 decreases, as shown in FIG. 14, the first valve 61 and the second valve 62 are switched, and the first space 61 and the flow path 53-2 are switched by the first valve 61. The second valve 62 blocks communication between the second space 18 and the flow path 53-2 (opens the second space 18 to the atmosphere). By repeating the above operation, the liquid 32 is transferred between the internal space 30a of the liquid tank 30 and the internal space 50a of the liquid tank 50 via the flow path 56 using the thermal transition flow 40 inside the porous membrane 10. Can be reciprocated, power can be generated by the rotation of the propeller 58, and power generation by the generator 59 can be performed.

  As mentioned above, although the form for implementing this invention was demonstrated, this invention is not limited to such embodiment at all, and it can implement with a various form in the range which does not deviate from the summary of this invention. Of course.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Porous membrane, 12 Pores, 14 Heat sink, 15 Outlet, 16 1st space, 17 Inlet, 18 2nd space, 19 Inflow path, 20 Casing, 22 Airtight seal, 24 Light source, 25 Support member, 26 Condensing Lens, 27 Light transmission window, 30, 50 Liquid tank, 30a, 50a Internal space, 30b Liquid discharge port, 30c Liquid suction port, 30d, 50d Liquid transfer port, 31 Liquid container, 32 Liquid, 34 Drive unit, 40 Thermal transition Current, 44 electromagnetic waves (light), 46 sunlight, 51, 52, 53, 55, 56 flow path, 54 cooling flow path, 58 propeller (turbine), 59 generator, 60 high temperature object, 61 first valve, 62 second 2 valves, 63-1 to 63-3, 64-1 to 64-3 on-off valve.

Claims (18)

Visible light as a predetermined wavelength band, having a light absorption peak for the predetermined wavelength band with respect to visible light , and a porous body having pores;
A heating unit that heats the first surface of the porous body by irradiating the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band;
With
The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space,
A second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space,
The first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores,
A pump capable of transferring the gas in the second space to the first space through pores communicating with each other. A porous body made of silicon dioxide having pores having light absorption with respect to the predetermined wavelength band, with 2.3 μm or more being a predetermined wavelength band;
A heating unit that heats the first surface of the porous body by irradiating the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band;
With
The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space,
A second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space,
The first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores,
A pump capable of transferring the gas in the second space to the first space through pores communicating with each other.   The pump according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the pores of the porous body have a pore diameter that is not more than five times the length of the mean free path of the gas filled in the first space or the second space.   The pump according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the first surface of the porous body is irradiated with electromagnetic waves through a transmission window having light permeability with respect to the predetermined wavelength band.   The pump of any one of Claims 1-4 provided with the thermal radiation part for performing the thermal radiation of the 2nd surface of a porous body.   The pump according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined wavelength band is 2.3 to 4.0 μm.   The pump according to claim 2, wherein the predetermined wavelength band is 2.5 to 3.8 µm, or 4.8 µm or more.   The pump according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein gas molecules in the second space are transferred to the first space by a thermal transition flow generated inside the pores.   The actuator which has a drive part based on the pressure difference which generate | occur | produces between 1st space and 2nd space with the pump of any one of Claims 1-8. The first space communicates with a third space having a liquid discharge port,
The said pump is a pump of any one of Claims 1-8 which can discharge | emit the liquid in 3rd space from a liquid discharge port by pressurizing 3rd space. The second space communicates with the fourth space having the liquid suction port,
The pump according to claim 1, wherein the pump is capable of sucking liquid into the fourth space from the liquid suction port by decompressing the fourth space. A first valve that allows or blocks communication between the fifth space having the liquid transfer port and the first space;
A second valve that allows or blocks communication between the fifth space and the second space;
With
The pump is
The first valve allows communication between the fifth space and the first space, and the second valve blocks communication between the fifth space and the second space, thereby discharging the liquid in the fifth space from the liquid transfer port. A discharge function to
The first valve shuts off the communication between the fifth space and the first space, and the second valve allows the communication between the fifth space and the second space, thereby sucking the liquid from the liquid transfer port into the fifth space. With suction function to
The pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: Visible light as a predetermined wavelength band, having a light absorption peak for the predetermined wavelength band with respect to visible light , and a porous body having pores;
By irradiating the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band, the temperature of the first surface of the porous body is made higher than the temperature of the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body. Means to increase,
With
The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space,
A second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space,
The first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores,
It is possible to transfer the gas in the second space to the first space through the pores communicating with each other,
The first space communicates with a third space having a liquid discharge port,
A pump capable of discharging the liquid in the third space from the liquid discharge port by pressurizing the third space. A porous body made of silicon dioxide having pores having light absorption with respect to the predetermined wavelength band, with 2.3 μm or more being a predetermined wavelength band;
By irradiating the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band, the temperature of the first surface of the porous body is made higher than the temperature of the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body. Means to increase,
With
The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space,
A second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space,
The first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores,
It is possible to transfer the gas in the second space to the first space through the pores communicating with each other,
The first space communicates with a third space having a liquid discharge port,
A pump capable of discharging the liquid in the third space from the liquid discharge port by pressurizing the third space. Visible light as a predetermined wavelength band, having a light absorption peak for the predetermined wavelength band with respect to visible light , and a porous body having pores;
By irradiating the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band, the temperature of the first surface of the porous body is made higher than the temperature of the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body. Means to increase,
With
The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space,
A second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space,
The first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores,
It is possible to transfer the gas in the second space to the first space through the pores communicating with each other,
The second space communicates with the fourth space having the liquid suction port,
A pump capable of sucking liquid into the fourth space from the liquid suction port by depressurizing the fourth space. A porous body made of silicon dioxide having pores having light absorption with respect to the predetermined wavelength band, with 2.3 μm or more being a predetermined wavelength band;
By irradiating the first surface of the porous body with an electromagnetic wave having a radiation intensity peak in the predetermined wavelength band, the temperature of the first surface of the porous body is made higher than the temperature of the second surface different from the first surface of the porous body. Means to increase,
With
The first surface of the porous body is in contact with the first space,
A second surface different from the first surface of the porous body is in contact with the second space,
The first space and the second space communicate with each other through pores,
It is possible to transfer the gas in the second space to the first space through the pores communicating with each other,
The second space communicates with the fourth space having the liquid suction port,
A pump capable of sucking liquid into the fourth space from the liquid suction port by depressurizing the fourth space.   A power generation facility capable of generating power using the pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, 10 to 16. The first surface is one main surface of the porous body,
The pump according to any one of claims 1 to 8, and 10 to 16, wherein the second surface is a surface opposite to one main surface of the porous body.

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