JP6096407B2 - 葉菜類の栽培方法 - Google Patents
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Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Description
サニーレタスの苗を対象として光質育苗試験を実施した。
リーフレタスに分類されるサニーレタスの種子(品種:晩抽レッドファイヤー、タキイ種苗)を給水させた後、1日間の発芽処理を行い、ピートモス(種まき培土、タキイ種苗)とバーミキュライト(ブイエス科工)を2:1(v/v)の比率で混合した培養土を充填した200穴セルトレイ(16mL/セル)に播種した。苗を白色蛍光灯下(FLR110H−W1A、三菱オスラム)で光合成有効放射束密度(PPFD)100μmolm−2s−1 、14時間日長、気温23±2℃、相対湿度40%の環境条件で育苗した。播種7日後(7DAS)に大塚ハウス肥料A処方(大塚化学)の1/2培養液(EC:1.2dS・m−2)を施与し、播種10日後の苗を光質育苗処理に供した。尚、「DAS」とは、Days after sowing(播種後日数)を意味している。
光質育苗時の光源には、青LED、赤LED、青赤LEDの照射装置(ISL−305X302、シーシーエス)、または白色蛍光灯(FL)を用いた。光源のスペクトル分布をファイバ入力型のマルチチャンネル分光器(USB2000、Ocean Optics)にて計測した結果を図3に示す。尚、青LED、赤LED、青赤LEDの光質は、具体的には以下の通りであった。
・青LED:中心波長468nm、半値幅21nm
・赤LED:中心波長660nm、半値幅22nm
・青赤LED:中心波長467nm+655nm、半値幅21nm+20nm
播種から定植4週間後(45DAS)までのスキームを図4に示す。
10、17および45DASに処理区ごとに5〜6個体ずつサンプリングし、葉数、葉面積、新鮮重(FW)、地上部および地下部の乾物重(DW)を調べた。また、地上部/地下部比(S/R比)および比葉面積(SLA)を求めた。
17および45DASに処理区ごとにサンプリングしたサニーレタスを凍結乾燥し、乳鉢で微粉砕して成分分析に供した。
光質育苗処理後のサニーレタスの苗の形態について図5に示す。図5に示される結果から、光質によって形態が大きく変化することが確認された。具体的には、赤LEDで育苗した場合には葉が著しく伸長して徒長したが、青LEDで育苗した場合、及び青赤LEDで育苗した場合には、白色蛍光灯で育苗した場合と比較して矮化していることが認められ、コンパクトな形態となっていることが確認された。
光質育苗処理後、苗を定植して4週間栽培したサニーレタスの形態について図8に示す。図8に示される結果から、光質育苗処理後に見られた光質による形態的特徴は変化し、白色蛍光灯で育苗したサニーレタスの葉と同様に、青LED、赤LED及び青赤LEDで育苗したサニーレタスの葉も鮮やかな緑色と赤褐色のバランスが良い正常な形態になっていた。
葉の総クロロフィル含量を図9に示す(10DASはFL、17DASと45DASは左から順にFL、青、赤、青赤)。異なる光質は苗の葉に含まれるクロロフィル(Chl)含量に部分的に影響を及ぼすことが確認された。具体的には、光質育苗前(10DAS)の総クロロフィル含量は9.0μgmg−1DWであったのに対し、17DASにおける苗の総クロロフィル含量は7.3〜8.6μgmg−1DWを示した。総クロロフィル含量は、赤LEDで育苗した場合、及び青赤LEDで育苗した場合には、白色蛍光灯で育苗した場合よりも少なく、赤LEDで育苗した場合に最小(7.3μgmg−1DW)であった。
葉のアントシアニン含量を図11に示す(10DASはFL、17DASと45DASは左から順にFL、青、赤、青赤)。17DASの葉におけるアントシアニン含量は、青LEDで育苗した場合、及び青赤LEDで育苗した場合、白色蛍光灯で育苗した場合と比較して顕著に増加し、青赤LEDで育苗した場合に最大値を示した。一方、赤LEDで育苗した場合における葉のアントシアニン含量は、白色蛍光灯で育苗した場合よりも小さく、最小値を示した。
実施例1と同じ青LEDを用い、光合成有効放射束密度を300μmolm−2s−1 と500μmolm−2s−1 に変更して、実施例1と同様の光質育苗処理を実施した。光質育苗処理後のサニーレタスの苗の形態を図16に示す。
2 苗
3 (第一の)人工光源
3’ 第二の人工光源
Claims (7)
- 葉菜類の定植前の苗を育苗対象とし、波長450nm〜500nmの青色光を主成分とする照明光のみを照射して育苗する期間を設けることにより、前記苗の矮化を促す育苗方法により得られた苗を、前記育苗環境とは異なる環境に定植して栽培することを特徴とする葉菜類の栽培方法。
- 前記育苗方法において、青色発光ダイオードから発せられる光、又は青色発光ダイオードと赤色発光ダイオードの双方から発せられる光を前記照明光とする請求項1に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記育苗方法において、前記照明光の照射は、昼間の時間帯に実施する請求項1又は2に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記育苗方法において、前記照明光の照射は、前記苗の下胚軸の伸長が実質的に完了した以降に実施する請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記育苗方法において、前記照明光の照射は、育苗終了時まで実施する請求項4に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記葉菜類はリーフレタスである請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載の栽培方法。
- 前記リーフレタスはサニーレタスである請求項6に記載の栽培方法。
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JP2018019667A (ja) | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-08 | パナソニックIpマネジメント株式会社 | 照明システム、照明制御方法及び植物栽培器 |
JP6775242B2 (ja) * | 2016-09-08 | 2020-10-28 | 国立大学法人 筑波大学 | レタスのクロロゲン酸含有量を増加させる方法及びレタス |
JP2018198548A (ja) * | 2017-05-25 | 2018-12-20 | 株式会社エムスポーラ | 植物栽培用光源及び植物栽培装置並びに植物栽培工場 |
WO2020013011A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | ナス科植物の苗の栽培装置及び栽培方法 |
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