JP6094996B2 - Device, method and program for supporting decision making for animal infection control - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an apparatus, a method, and a program for supporting decision making for countermeasures against animal infectious diseases.

  Patent Document 1 describes a disaster risk evaluation system in which a business operator can appropriately evaluate a disaster risk related to the occurrence of a disaster. This disaster risk assessment system evaluates the difference between the amount of direct loss at the time of disaster in the current equipment and the amount of direct loss at the time of disaster in the equipment after the countermeasure, and compares it with the cost of the disaster countermeasure equipment to determine decision-making information for disaster countermeasures. Present as.

  Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a crisis management methodology for foot-and-mouth disease infection that positions loss of asset value due to the occurrence and transmission of foot-and-mouth disease as a disaster risk and minimizes the expected damage due to the killing of livestock. Yes. In Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, the occurrence and transmission of foot-and-mouth disease is modeled as a spatial Markov chain process, and the optimal infection risk suppression model that seeks optimal preventive killing that minimizes expected loss is formulated as a Markov decision model. It formulates a crisis management model that determines the timing and scope of vaccination based on spatiotemporal data.

JP 2004-280444 A

Yoshida Mamoru, Abe Shiniku, Kuriya Shohei, Kobayashi Kiyoji, 2011, Development of Optimal Infection Risk Suppression Model for Foot-and-Mouth Disease, Civil Engineering Planning and Lectures, No. 44 Shingo Abe, Mamoru Yoshida, Kiyoji Kobayashi, Shohei Beniya, 2012, Spatial Infection Modeling of Foot-and-Mouth Disease, JSCE Proceedings D3 (Civil Engineering Planning), Vol. 68, no. 4, p. 369-387

  Animal infections that occur in livestock such as cattle and pigs can be prevented by taking appropriate measures if the scope of infection at the initial stage is narrow. If this happens, the damage will not be easily deterred, resulting in tremendous human and economic damage. For this reason, animal infection is a risk with a peak in time, and it is important to examine the appropriate timing and scope for implementing countermeasures.

  In the case of animal infectious diseases, countermeasures are implemented at each level of prefectures, municipalities and farms. As one of the countermeasures against animal infections, for example, when an onset of infection is confirmed at a certain farm, preventive slaughter is performed on livestock of a nearby farm to prevent the spread of infection. However, currently, measures are being taken based on indicators that lack objectivity, such as killing farms that are within a few kilometers of a concentric circle from the farm where the infection occurred.

  By the method proposed in Non-Patent Document 2, it is possible to simulate the spatial distribution of the probability of infection when an initial response is performed immediately when an animal infection occurs or when the initial response is delayed. . However, this probability of infection only indicates how many percent of the infection will spread to the farm within a kilometer from the outbreak area, and an index must be determined as to what percentage or more is necessary to kill. I must. In this way, there is no objective indicator for animal infectious diseases for relevant prefectures, municipalities and farms to implement countermeasures at appropriate times, such as which farms should carry out preventive killings. .

  In addition, it is indispensable to prepare countermeasure materials and the like from the normal time for risks that can cause enormous and irreversible damage when they become apparent. This provision includes, for example, vaccines, materials, veterinarians, heavy machinery, burial sites for killed livestock, and the like. However, it is extremely difficult to take action to deal with the risk at the planning stage where the risk is manifest but uncertain. The cause is inadequate understanding of residents' risk events and difficulty in consensus building.

  Governments are required to conduct risk assessments based on scientific evidence and publicize their information in order to properly formulate residents' risk perceptions. And in order to secure the cost to prepare for risks, it is necessary to form a consensus between the government and the residents in advance. Risk information related to animal infectious diseases includes, for example, the magnitude of infection risk, the magnitude of damage, the content of preventive plans, and prevention work items that may cause countermeasure delays. However, in the case of animal infectious diseases, there is no system for visualizing risk information that is necessary for consensus building and should be shared between the government and residents.

  Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an objective index for at least each local government and farm entity related to animal infectious disease countermeasures to make decisions at the deterrence work stage, and to provide risk information on animal infectious diseases. It is to visualize.

  The device according to the present invention is a device that supports decision making for the control of animal infectious diseases, and is in a plurality of hierarchies including at least a plurality of farms belonging to the local government of the region where the animal infectious disease occurs and the administrative district of the local government. , A work flow creation unit that creates a work flow for each entity including local governments and farms to control animal infections, and according to the decisions made by each entity at each work stage in the created work flow A scenario candidate determination unit that determines a plurality of work scenario candidates determined by each, a risk index calculation unit that calculates, for each of the plurality of work scenarios, a risk index indicating the magnitude of damage caused to the affected area by an animal infection, A risk index presentation unit that presents a plurality of work scenarios and risk indices calculated for each work scenario in association with each other. The features.

In the apparatus according to the present invention, the work flow creation unit includes at least three prefectures, municipalities, and farms, each of the prefectures, municipalities, and farms. It is preferable to create a work flow that the main body performs in order to suppress animal infections.
In the apparatus according to the present invention, the scenario candidate determination unit determines a work scenario candidate for each of a plurality of different time points, and the risk index presentation unit performs the work scenario in a time series for the plurality of different time points. It is preferable to present the risk index calculated for the work scenario in association with each other.
In the apparatus according to the present invention, the scenario candidate determination unit determines candidate work scenarios that are determined according to a decision including a determination of when and on which farm to kill animals in order to suppress animal infections. It is preferable.
In the apparatus according to the present invention, the risk index calculation unit includes at least the number of animals killed by the end of the animal infection, the number of farms to be killed, or from the occurrence to the end of the animal infection. It is preferable to calculate a risk index including an index representing the length of the period.
In the apparatus according to the present invention, the risk index presenting unit performs a work scenario for a part of the work scenarios among a plurality of work scenarios, which is a countermeasure cost necessary until the end of the animal infection or the amount of damage due to the animal infection is small. It is preferable to present the risk index calculated for the work scenario in association with each other.

  Further, the method according to the present invention is a method for supporting decision making for animal infectious disease countermeasures, wherein the computer includes at least a plurality of farms belonging to the local government in which the animal infectious disease occurs and the administrative district of the local government. Steps to create a workflow for each entity, including local governments and farms, to control animal infections at multiple levels, and decision making by each entity at each stage in the created workflow Determining a plurality of work scenario candidates that are determined according to each of the plurality of work scenarios, calculating a risk index indicating the magnitude of damage caused to the affected area by an animal infection for each of the plurality of work scenarios, and a plurality of work scenarios And a step of associating and presenting the risk index calculated for each work scenario. .

  Further, the program according to the present invention is such that each subject including a local government and a farm has an animal infectious disease in a plurality of hierarchies including at least a plurality of farms belonging to the local government in the region where the animal infectious disease occurs and the local government. A function to create workflows to suppress each of the above, a function to determine candidates for multiple work scenarios that are determined according to the decision making by each subject at each work stage in the created workflow, and multiple For each of these work scenarios, a function that calculates the risk index that indicates the scale of damage caused to the affected area due to animal infections is associated with multiple work scenarios and the risk indices that are calculated for each work scenario. The function is realized.

  According to the present invention, at least local governments and farm entities related to animal infectious disease countermeasures provide objective indicators for making decisions at the deterrence work stage, and visualize risk information on animal infectious diseases It becomes possible to do.

It is the conceptual diagram which showed the hierarchical structure of a farm, a municipality, a prefecture, and a country in connection with an animal infectious disease countermeasure. 3 is a functional block diagram of the device 10. FIG. It is a table showing the prevention work items in prefectures and municipalities stipulated in the prevention guideline for foot-and-mouth disease based on the Livestock Infectious Disease Prevention Law. It is the table | surface which showed the quarantine work item on the farm prescribed | regulated by the quarantine guideline regarding foot-and-mouth disease based on the livestock epidemic prevention law. FIG. 3B is a PERT diagram for the work item of FIG. 3A across two levels of prefectures and municipalities. FIG. 3C is a PERT diagram for the work items of FIGS. 3A and 3B across two levels of municipalities and farms. It is the conceptual diagram which showed a mode that the work of the work flow of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B progressed in time. It is the map which showed the specific example of the spatial probability distribution of the farm used as the object of killing. It is the bar graph which showed the specific example of probability distribution of the number of livestock killed. It is the bar graph which showed the specific example of the probability distribution of the period length required until foot-and-mouth disease ends. It is a figure for demonstrating the example of the method by which the risk parameter | index presentation part 16 presents a work scenario and a risk parameter | index. It is a figure for demonstrating another example of the method by which the risk parameter | index presentation part 16 presents a work scenario and a risk parameter | index. It is the flowchart which showed the example of a process in which the optimal scenario determination part 17 determines an optimal work scenario. It is the map which showed the specific example of probability distribution of a priority countermeasure farm. It is an example of the graph of the countermeasure cost curve which the countermeasure cost calculation part 18 presents. It is a hardware block diagram of the computer 90 which implement | achieves the apparatus 10 of FIG.

  Hereinafter, an apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be noted that the technical scope of the present invention is not limited to these embodiments, but extends to the invention described in the claims and equivalents thereof.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing a hierarchical structure of farms, municipalities, prefectures (hereinafter simply referred to as “prefectures”) and countries related to animal infectious disease countermeasures.

  The farm 1 raises pigs, cattle, chickens and other livestock that can be infected with animal infections. For example, the farm 1 designates a landfill for livestock that has been infected and killed as a countermeasure against animal infectious diseases.

  The municipality 2 is a local municipality including the farm 1. What is indicated by reference numeral 5 is the work personnel, the materials necessary for the control measures for animal infectious diseases, materials such as quarantine materials, heavy machinery, transport means, and landfills, owned by the municipalities 2. Below, the amount of human resources and materials that can be procured in the region is referred to as “regional capacity”. Municipalities 2 kill livestock and secure personnel and heavy machinery as deterrence measures. When the procurement amount of human resources and materials necessary for deterrence exceeds the local capacity of municipality 2, municipality 2 issues a request for support to prefecture 3.

  The prefecture 3 is a prefecture including the municipalities 2. When an animal infectious disease occurs, it is common for a countermeasure headquarters to be set up in prefecture 3 and for prefecture 3 to direct deterrence measures. Prefecture 3, like municipalities 2, has personnel necessary for animal infectious disease control measures, materials such as quarantine materials, heavy machinery, transportation means, and landfills. When the necessary procurement amount exceeds the regional capacity of prefecture 3, prefecture 3 issues a request for support to country 4.

  Country 4 is the highest level involved in countermeasures when the damage from animal infections becomes large. For this reason, below, attention is paid to the three levels of farm 1, municipality 2 and prefecture 3 excluding country 4. Animal infectious diseases may occur across multiple prefectures, but for the sake of simplicity, consider the case where they occur within one prefecture. Consider a model in which a plurality of municipalities 2 belong to prefecture 3, and a plurality of farms 1 belong to each municipality 2.

  In the following description, three layers will be described as an example, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, at first, measures were taken only at the three decision-making levels of prefectures, municipalities, and farms, but when the scale of damage increased, preventive killing and vaccination treatment became necessary. It is also possible to include a country that directs and supervises measures as a separate hierarchy. Furthermore, it is possible to include an organization specializing in prevention of epidemics as a separate level.

  On the other hand, for example, when an animal infection occurs only in a small area, a deterrence measure may be implemented only in the two levels of the municipality and farm in the occurrence area. Therefore, the decision-making hierarchy is not limited to three, but may be two hierarchies of a local government that is a prefecture or a municipality where an animal infectious disease occurs and a plurality of farms that belong to the administrative area of the local government. There may be four or more layers including other layers.

  When an animal infectious disease occurs in a certain area, the upper level administrative body such as the prefecture determines the spatial scope and implementation period for which the best deterrence measures should be implemented. In response to the determination of the deterrence measure, the procurement amount of human resources and materials necessary to implement the deterrence measure becomes clear. In order to be able to implement optimal deterrence measures, it is necessary to clarify the amount of human resources and materials that can be procured immediately in the region where the problem occurred.

  In addition, if the risk of the procurement of human resources and materials required for deterrence exceeds the local capacity increases, request assistance from a wider, higher-level administrative body (for example, the country) at the necessary timing. It is essential to do. Furthermore, assuming that regional capacity constraints have become apparent, it is also necessary to consider priorities for allocating human resources and materials with a view to the entire hierarchical structure.

  In that case, the decision making at a certain time point made by each administrative entity becomes the basic information of the decision making at the next time point. This relationship continues until the end of animal infections is declared. Therefore, the decision-making network in which subsequent decision-making is developed according to the decision-making at each time point changes in real time based on the Markov process. Here, such a network is defined as a Markov network.

  Therefore, the apparatus described below models a decision-making network for animal infectious disease countermeasures across three levels of prefectures, municipalities, and farms. This model is based on the premise that if the risk of the required procurement amount exceeding the regional capacity increases, a higher-level administrative entity is requested for assistance at the required timing. The device then provides objective indicators that allow higher-level administrative actors to make appropriate decisions at each stage of deterrence to minimize the amount of damage expected from animal infections. . With this device, human resources and the amount of materials (regional capacity) that can be immediately procured in the outbreak area when an animal infectious disease occurs are clarified, and work items that may cause countermeasure delays are visualized.

  Examples of animal infectious diseases include foot-and-mouth disease, mad cow disease, and bird flu. In the following description, as an example, it is assumed that the animal infection is foot-and-mouth disease. However, the content described below is applicable not only to foot-and-mouth disease, as long as it is an animal infectious disease in which an animal (livestock) is killed in order to suppress the spread of infection.

  FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram of the apparatus 10. As illustrated, the apparatus 10 includes a list storage unit 11, a workflow creation unit 12, a scenario candidate determination unit 13, a spatial infection calculation unit 14, a risk index calculation unit 15, a risk index presentation unit 16, and An optimal scenario determination unit 17 and a countermeasure cost calculation unit 18 are included.

  The list storage unit 11 stores in advance information on work items for animal infectious disease countermeasures created by each local government in a form tailored to each local government. This work item is known information determined for each animal infection. Specific examples of information stored in the list storage unit 11 are shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B are tables showing the prevention work items in each level of prefectures, municipalities, and farms defined in the prevention guideline regarding foot-and-mouth disease based on the method for preventing infectious diseases of livestock.

  The work flow creation unit 12 is composed of three prefectures composed of prefectures in the region where animal infectious diseases occur, a plurality of municipalities belonging to the prefectures, and a plurality of farms belonging to the municipalities. Create a workflow to do each to control animal infections. For example, the work flow creation unit 12 creates a PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) diagram from the work items stored in the list storage unit 11. The PERT diagram makes it easy to grasp the entire image of work items, and the critical path that can cause work delays becomes clear.

  FIGS. 4A and 4B are PERT diagrams for the work items of FIGS. 3A and 3B across three levels of prefectures, municipalities and farms. At the prefecture level, there are six work items shown in FIG. 3A, which are represented by reference numerals 1A to 1F. At the municipal level, there are 14 work items shown in FIG. 3A, which are represented by reference numerals 2A to 2O. At the municipal level, there are 25 work items shown in FIG. 3B, which are represented by reference numerals 3A to 3Y. These work items are executed in the order indicated by the arrows in each hierarchy. Although not shown, in practice, in the path corresponding to each work item, a numerical value such as a working time or a substantial time necessary for examining the event is entered. Regional capacity can also be displayed overlaid on this figure.

  Some work items affect other levels of work. In FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B, this is shown by the thick line and the broken-line arrow which connect between hierarchy. A broken arrow is an example of a path in which decision-making at the prefecture level affects the municipal level. For example, consider a case where a prefecture decides material transportation to a municipality. If the material is insufficient for the municipality, subsequent work performed by the municipality will be delayed unless the material is transported from the prefecture. For this reason, the prefecture's decision-making will affect the subsequent work of the municipalities.

  Conversely, a thick arrow is an example of a path in which actions at the municipal level affect the prefecture level. For example, consider a case where a prefecture sets a restricted area. The prefecture cannot set a restricted area unless it receives notification from the municipality about the place where traffic is blocked and the land where the killed livestock is buried. For this reason, the decision of the municipality will affect the work of the prefecture. As described above, a decision on a work item at a certain level may be associated with a work item at another level.

  The PERT diagram reveals a critical path with no work period. Delaying work on the critical path leads to overall work delay. Work delays can be caused by delays in decision making or when the amount of personnel or materials needed reaches local capacity. The work flow creation unit 12 creates a PERT diagram, thereby visualizing work items that may become a bottleneck when an animal infection occurs.

  4A and 4B show only one PERT diagram for each prefecture, municipality, and farm, but a similar PERT diagram is associated with each of a plurality of municipalities and farms. Therefore, the workflow created by the workflow creation unit 12 constitutes a PERT network in which a plurality of PERTs are associated with each other in a hierarchical structure.

  The scenario candidate determination unit 13 determines a plurality of work scenario candidates determined according to the decision making by the subject of each hierarchy at each work stage in the work flow created by the work flow creation unit 12. This decision-making includes, for example, deciding to transport materials from a prefecture to a certain municipality, or deciding to kill livestock on a farm where the municipality is located.

  Described below is the time development and work scenario of deterrence work. According to the work flow shown in the PERT diagrams of FIGS. 4A and 4B, the prefecture, the municipality, and the farm each execute each work item, and the work of the deterrence measures develops in time. And, under the situation where the spread of animal infections is stochastically grasped, as described above, the decision-making of the upper layer such as the country or prefecture can affect the progress of the lower layer work. That is, the process of determining the work progress status at the next time point from the work progress status of the prefecture, the municipality and the farm at a certain time point proceeds probabilistically. Decisions at one point become the basic information for decisions at the next point, and the relationship continues until the end of animal infection is declared.

  In general, at a certain time point t, the progress of work in the prefecture, the plurality of municipalities, and the plurality of farms is different. The work progress of the whole area including prefectures, municipalities and farms at a certain point in time is (total number of work items in prefecture) + (number of municipalities) x (number of work items in municipalities) + (number of farms) x (farm Number of work items). Thus, the time evolution of a decision-making network is described as a Markov process between that number of states.

FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B are conceptual diagrams showing how the work of the work flow of FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B progresses over time. FIG. 5A shows the progress of work at time t = 1. Here, the work flows of a plurality of municipalities and farms omitted in FIGS. 4A and 4B are displayed. At time t = 1, for example, the work proceeds to work item 1A in the prefecture, work item 2B in the municipality A, work item 2C in the municipality B, work item 3C in the farm A, and work item 3A in the farm B. Suppose that In FIG. 5A, the work items currently being executed by the subject of each hierarchy are highlighted. Such, prefecture, work progress of the entire region, including cities, towns and villages and farms, to form one of the state u _1. At the next time t = 2, working with each entity to progress, another state u ₂ is realized with state u _1.

FIG. 5B schematically shows time development of the work progress status in time series. The figure schematically shows how each work item is executed in each hierarchy as time elapses from left to right in the figure. Squares in the figure represent individual states such as the states u ₁ and u ₂ shown in FIG. The progress of work in each hierarchy as time passes is indicated by an increasing number of black circles in each state square.

  The left end in the figure is the state at the initial time t = 0, and the first work item is executed. For example, there are three possible states when t = 0, depending on which of the prefecture, the municipality, and the farm makes the decision first. At each subsequent time point, depending on the decision making by the subject in each hierarchy, there are a plurality of possible states at the next time point. For example, if a prefecture takes action on a municipality at a certain point in time, depending on which municipality the action is taken on, there are a plurality of work progress statuses at the next point in time. This is indicated by a plurality of arrows connecting the states between the respective time points.

In FIG. 5B, a series of arrows from the initial time point t = 0 to the final time point t = T indicates a series of decision making processes for the deterrence measures. This series of decision making processes is called a “work scenario”. In FIG. 5B, three examples of work scenarios are indicated by thick arrows R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ . The scenario candidate determination unit 13 determines a possible decision making process from the initial time point t = 0 to the final time point t = T as a work scenario candidate by using the Markov process.

Specific examples of work scenario candidates that can be taken from the initial time point t = 0 to the final time point t = T will be described. As an example, it is assumed that a small farm A, a small farm B, and a large farm C are adjacent in this order, and infection occurs in the small farm A when t = 0. In this case, in order to prevent the spread of infection, farm C should be slaughtered. However, farm C has a large number of livestock, and if it is not infected, the loss will increase. There is also the idea of not disposing of it. Therefore, the prefectural headquarters will consider the following three work scenarios as infection control measures.
Work scenario R ₁ : At t = 1, all farms A, B, and C are killed.
• Work scenario R ₂ : At t = 1, farms A and B are killed, but farm C is not killed.
Work scenario R ₃ : At t = 1, kill only at farm A, and at farm B, kill until you see t = α (1 <α <T). Don't kill at Farm C.
Such work scenarios R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ are candidates for work scenarios.

  The spatial infection calculation unit 14 uses the non-stationary Markov chain model disclosed in Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, and when an animal infection occurs in a certain area, it is spatially transmitted to other farms. Calculate the probability. In the apparatus 10, based on the probability of infection, for example, an administrative entity can give a star of a farm on which an epidemiological examination should be performed. Below, the processing content which the spatial infection calculating part 14 performs is assumed that an animal infectious disease is foot-and-mouth disease.

時点ｔでの地域全体における口蹄疫の感染状態を、以下では「システム状態Ｓ（ｔ）」という。システム状態の総数をＫとし、Ｋ個のうちｈ番目のシステム状態をＳ_ｈと表す。Ｓ_ｈ＝｛ｓ_１ ^ｈ，・・・，ｓ_Ｎ ^ｈ｝である。 First, the total number of farms is N. The infection state s _i (t) of foot-and-mouth disease of livestock at the time point t in the i-th farm is expressed by the following equation.

Hereinafter, the infection state of foot-and-mouth disease in the entire region at time t is referred to as “system state S (t)”. The total number of system states and K, the h-th system state of the K expressed as S _h. S _h = {s ₁ ^h ,..., S _N ^h }.

ここで、δ_ｉ ^ｈは、システム状態がＳ_ｈのときに農場ｉにて殺処分を実施しないならば０であり、実施するならば１となるダミー変数である。 When the system state is _{S h,} the probability [pi _hg to each farm state transitions from _s ^{i h} to _s ^{i g} _{(S h)} is expressed by the following equation.

Here, [delta] _i ^h, the system state is 0 if not performed sacrificed at farm i at S _h, a dummy variable that is 1 if implemented.

ここで、Ｊ（Ｓ_ｈ）はシステム状態Ｓ_ｈにおいて口蹄疫が確認された農場の集合、ζ^ｒは家畜の感染の感受性パラメータ、ｍ_ｉ ^ｒは農場ｉでの家畜の飼育頭数、ｄ_ｉｊは農場ｉと農場ｊの間の距離、ηは距離抵抗パラメータである。 Further, ρ _i (S _h ) and q _i (S _h ) are given by the following equations.

Here, J (S _h) is a collection of farm FMD was confirmed in the system state S _h, sensitive parameter of zeta ^r infection of livestock, breeding number of cattle livestock in m _i ^r farms i, d _ij farms The distance between i and farm j, η, is a distance resistance parameter.

The probability Π _hg that the system state at time t is S (t) = S _h and transitions to the system state S (t + 1) = S _g at time t + 1 is expressed as the following equation. The

Ｐ_ｈ（ｔ）は、時点ｔにおいて、システム状態がＫ個の状態うちｈ番目の状態をとる確率である。 When the occurrence probability of the system state is expressed as P (t) = {P ₁ (t),..., P _K (t)}, the spatial transmission process of foot-and-mouth disease in the entire region is the Markov process as It is represented by

P _h (t) is the probability that the system state takes the h-th state out of K states at time t.

  Actually, since the number of system state variables becomes very large, it is difficult to calculate the occurrence probabilities of all system states using a Markov chain model. Therefore, the spatial infection calculation unit 14 obtains the occurrence probability of each state using Monte Carlo simulation or quasi-Monte Carlo simulation.

  The risk index calculation unit 15 further includes a killing range calculation unit 15A, a killing head count calculation unit 15B, and a convergence days calculation unit 15C. The risk index calculation unit 15 calculates a risk index indicating the scale of damage caused to the occurrence region by the animal infectious disease for each of the plurality of work scenarios.

  The killing range calculation unit 15A uses the spatial probability distribution of the farms to be killed until the foot-and-mouth disease ends, and as one of the risk indicators, the killing range calculation unit 15A Calculate the number. In the following, the probability that a certain farm will be killed is called the “killing probability”.

A farm set Ψ (c) having a killing probability of c (0 ≦ c ≦ 1) or more at the final time point t = T is expressed by the following equation.

  FIG. 6 is a map showing a specific example of a spatial probability distribution of a farm to be killed. Figure 6 shows the distribution of the probability of killing when a foot-and-mouth disease infection occurs on a farm based on the distance data between actual farms in Miyazaki Prefecture, plotted on a map. It is a thing.

  When the position of the early-onset farm is given, the killing range calculation unit 15A obtains a probability distribution as a reference for calculating the risk index according to Equation 6. The killing range calculation unit 15A multiplies the probability by, for example, the reciprocal of the distance from the early-onset farm, and calculates a reference value for the killing probability of each farm. Further, the killing range calculation unit 15A sets a threshold for the number of farms whose killing probability exceeds the reference value.

  Then, the killing range calculation unit 15A calculates the killing probability according to Equation 6 in the course of progress of deterrence measures against foot-and-mouth disease. From the distribution of the killing probability, it can be seen whether the killing probability exceeds the above-mentioned reference value for each farm. The killing range calculation unit 15A counts the number of farms whose killing probability exceeds the reference value, and uses the number as a risk index.

  The killing head calculation unit 15B uses the probability distribution of the number of livestock killed before the end of the foot-and-mouth disease as an index of the number of animals killed before the foot-and-mouth disease ends. .

ここで、Θ（ｎ，Ｔ）は、対象地域全体における殺処分数の総和がｎ以下となるシステム状態の集合を示す。また、δ_ｉ ^ｈ（ι＋２，Ｔ）は、ｉ番目の農場が時点ｔ＝Ｔまでに殺処分対象となった場合は０であり、それ以外の場合は１となるダミー変数である。 The probability σ (n) that the number of killings in the entire area is n or less at the final time point t = T is given by the following equation.

Here, Θ (n, T) represents a set of system states in which the total number of killings in the entire target area is n or less. Further, δ _i ^h (ι + 2, T) is a dummy variable that is 0 when the i-th farm has been killed by time t = T, and is 1 otherwise.

  FIG. 7 is a bar graph showing a specific example of the probability distribution of the number of livestock killed. In this bar graph, the probability of occurrence is greatest when the number of killed heads is 140,000, so it is considered most likely that 140,000 heads will be killed. Therefore, the number of killed animals calculating unit 15B uses the number of killed animals having the highest occurrence probability as a risk index.

  The convergence days calculation unit 15C calculates the length of the period from the occurrence of foot-and-mouth disease to the end as one of the risk indices using the probability distribution of the period length necessary until the foot-and-mouth disease ends.

ただし、τ_ｉ ^ｈ（ｔ）は、システム状態Ｓ_ｈ（ｔ）＝｛ｓ_１ ^ｈ（ｔ），・・・，ｓ_Ｎ ^ｈ（ｔ）｝の下で、農場ｉが感染または発症状態（すなわちｓ_ｉ ^ｈ（ｔ）＝１，・・・，ι＋１）にあれば１、それ以外であれば０となるダミー変数である。 The probability Λ (t) that the foot-and-mouth disease ends at time t is expressed as follows.

However, τ _i ^h (t) indicates that the farm i is infected or onset (ie, under the system state S _h (t) = {s ₁ ^h (t),..., S _N ^h (t)} It is a dummy variable that is 1 if s _i ^h (t) = 1,..., +1), and 0 otherwise.

  FIG. 8 is a bar graph showing a specific example of the probability distribution of the period length necessary until the foot-and-mouth disease ends. In this bar graph, since the probability of occurrence becomes the maximum when the number of days of convergence is 20 days, it seems most likely that the convergence will occur on the 20th. Therefore, the convergence days calculation unit 15C uses such convergence days that maximize the occurrence probability as a risk index.

  The risk index presenting unit 16 associates a plurality of work scenarios determined by the scenario candidate determining unit 13 with the risk indexes calculated for each work scenario by the risk index calculating unit 15, for example, a display mechanism 95 (FIG. 14)). In particular, the risk index presentation unit 16 presents a work scenario and a risk index in association with each other at a plurality of different time points in time series.

  FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining an example of a method in which the risk index presentation unit 16 presents a work scenario and a risk index. The vertical axis of the figure is the risk index, and the horizontal axis indicates the number of days that have elapsed since the occurrence of the animal infection. The risk index presentation unit 16 uses two decision criteria α and β as threshold values of the risk index. The case where the risk index is less than the decision criterion α is referred to as “first mode”. In the first mode, the risk is low that infection can be suppressed with relatively small damage. The case where the risk index is equal to or higher than the decision criterion β is referred to as “third mode”. The third mode is a state in which there is a high risk that infection will spread and serious damage will occur. An intermediate between the first mode and the third mode in which the risk index is greater than or equal to the decision criterion α and less than β is referred to as a “second mode”.

  The risk index here is the number of farms where livestock is killed, the number of livestock killed, or the length of the occurrence period. Regarding the number of farms, two threshold values are set for the number of farms whose killing probability exceeds the reference value, and these are used as decision-making criteria α and β. Regarding the number of livestock killed and the length of occurrence period, two thresholds are set for the number of killed animals and the number of days of convergence, respectively, where the probability of occurrence is the maximum, and these are used as decision-making criteria α and β. The decision-making criteria α and β are set by prefectures and countries according to the type of risk index as criteria for declaring an emergency.

  However, if only one of the above three is used as a risk index, the scale of damage caused to the affected area due to animal infection may not be accurately grasped. For example, considering the case where the occurrence period length is used as a risk index, even if it ends in a short period and the risk index becomes a small value, the amount of damage may become enormous by killing many livestock . For this reason, the risk index presenting unit 16 calculates a value that takes these three indices into account, for example, by appropriately weighting and averaging the number of farms where livestock is killed, the number of livestock killed, and the length of the occurrence period. It is preferably used as a risk index.

  In FIG. 9, it is assumed that a certain farm is infected at an initial time point, and the risk index of the target area changes along a solid line until time point A. At time A, the target area is in the first mode, and infection can be suppressed relatively easily.

  Here, the scenario candidate determination unit 13 determines a work scenario that can be taken from the time point A to the next time point B using the Markov process of the decision making network. Then, the risk index calculation unit 15 calculates a risk index at time B for each of the work scenarios. The risk index presentation unit 16 presents the spread of the risk index at time B according to the work scenario, for example, as shown in FIG. An upper-level administrative entity such as a prefecture selects one work scenario from the work scenarios presented together with the risk index by the risk index presentation unit 16 and makes a decision. For example, if appropriate deterrence measures are taken, such as killing on an infected farm at this time, the spread of the infection can be suppressed. Therefore, depending on the work scenario selected at time point A, how to spread risk indicators (in the figure) The length of the triangle in the vertical axis direction) will change.

  Thereafter, it is assumed that the risk index reaches the decision criterion α at time point B. In response to this, the risk index presentation unit 16 proposes a transition to the second mode. At time B, as in time A, the risk index presenting unit 16 displays the risk index at the next time C corresponding to the work scenario as shown in FIG. Present the spread.

  Thereafter, it is assumed that the risk index reaches the decision criterion β at time C. In response to this, the risk index presenting unit 16 recommends the transition to the third mode and prompts the administrative body to issue an emergency state declaration. At time C, as in time B, for example, as shown in FIG. 9 with a triangle having time C as the apex, the spread of the risk index at the next time according to the work scenario is presented.

  In this way, the risk index presentation unit 16 shows the work scenarios that can be taken at each time point and changes in the risk index when following the work scenarios in time series. As a result, the risk index presentation unit 16 provides a judgment material when an administrative entity such as a prefecture or country makes a decision, and the risk index is suppressed to a threshold value β or less if any decision is made. Make sure that the person in charge of the administrative body knows if they can do it. In general, since the total number of work scenarios that can be taken is considered to be very large, the work scenario presented by the risk index presentation unit 16 may be limited to a specific number that reduces the cost for implementing deterrence measures.

FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining another example of a method in which the risk index presentation unit 16 presents a work scenario and a risk index. As shown in the figure, in this example, the risk index presentation unit 16 displays a screen 50 in which a plurality of work scenarios and risk indices for each work scenario are associated with each other on the display mechanism 95 (see FIG. 14). To present. This screen 50 shows the risk index after 30 days when the work scenarios R ₁ , R ₂ and R ₃ described with reference to FIG. The risk index shows all three of the number of farms where livestock is slaughtered, the number of livestock slaughtered and the number of days of convergence. In this example, the decision-making criterion α is set to the number of slaughtered farms = 20, the number of slaughtered heads = 5000, and the convergence period = 15 days. In addition, the decision-making standard β is set to the number of killed farms = 100, the number of killed heads = 20000, and the convergence period = 50 days.

At operation scenario R _1, any risk indicators also below the decision criteria alpha. On the other hand, the working scenario R _2, convergence days the slaughter head count is above a decision criterion alpha, but also exceeds the decision criterion β At operation scenario R _3, any risk indicators. Therefore, when the work scenario R ₁ , R ₂ , R ₃ is executed, the risk index presentation unit 16 determines that the target area is in the first, second, and third modes after 30 days (R ₂ (This is an example of a case where a majority decision is made). That is, the risk index presenting unit 16, determines that it is possible to suppress the infection provided by carrying out the deterrent in accordance with the work scenario R _1. Therefore, the risk index presenting unit 16 to display on the screen 50 to the effect should be performed deterrent in accordance with the work scenario R _1, proposes a working scenario R ₁ to responsible administrative entities.

  The optimal scenario determination unit 17 selects an optimal deterrence measure that minimizes the expected damage amount of the entire region due to animal infectious diseases or the spatial range where the infection spreads from among a plurality of scenario candidates determined by the scenario candidate determination unit 13. To decide. Here, the expected damage amount refers to the cost of measures that are expected to be required before the end of animal infections and the amount of loss that is expected to occur due to the killing of livestock.

FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing an example of processing in which the optimal scenario determination unit 17 determines an optimal work scenario. First, the damage amount V _{min is set} to a sufficiently large number M (S11). Then, one work scenario is selected from a plurality of possible work scenarios determined by the scenario candidate determination unit 13 (S12). Since the work scenario determines when and on which farm the slaughter will be performed, the transition probability π _hg (S _h ) of _Equation 2 can be written down specifically. From this, the Markov transition matrix Π is determined using Equations 2 to 5 (S13).

Next, provide the system state _{S h} at an initial time t = 0 probability _{P h (0) (S14)} . Then, the occurrence probability P _h (0) is evolved over time according to Equation 5, and the occurrence probability P _h (T) of the system state at the final time point t = T is obtained (S15). Here, the damage amount V generated until the final time point t = T is estimated (S16). The damage amount V is given by, for example, {(cost required for killing one livestock) + (loss caused by killing one livestock)} × (number of killed heads). If the damage amount V is V _min <V (Yes in S17), V _min = V is set (S18).

If there is a next work scenario (Yes in S19), the process returns to S12. If the damage amount V is obtained for all the work scenarios (No in S19), the work scenario that gives the final V _min is set as the optimum scenario (S19). Thus, the process of determining the optimum work scenario by the optimum scenario determination unit 17 ends.

  Further, the optimum scenario determination unit 17 presents the killing probability when the deterrence measure is implemented according to the determined optimum work scenario on the display mechanism 95 (see FIG. 14), for example, superimposed on a map of the target area. To do.

  FIG. 12 is a map showing a specific example of the probability distribution of the priority countermeasure farm. FIG. 12 shows the distribution of killing probabilities when a foot-and-mouth disease infection occurs on a farm in Miyazaki Prefecture, and then a deterrent is implemented according to the optimal work scenario determined by the optimal scenario determination unit 17. 14 is calculated according to Equation 6 based on the distance data between actual farms and plotted on a map. In this way, by visualizing the priority countermeasure farms having a high killing probability even in the case of an optimal work scenario, the responsible person of the administrative body can determine the farms to be focused on.

  The countermeasure cost calculation unit 18 calculates a countermeasure cost necessary for implementing a countermeasure against animal infection for each work scenario determined by the scenario candidate determination unit 13. In particular, the countermeasure cost calculation unit 18 graphically displays a change in the countermeasure cost when each work process in the work flow of the deterrence measure is shortened on the display mechanism 95 (see FIG. 14).

  FIG. 13 is an example of a countermeasure cost curve graph presented by the countermeasure cost calculation unit 18. In FIG. 13, assuming that the minimum necessary cost for the countermeasure is 20 million yen, there are three work scenarios A to C as possible work scenarios, and when there are seven countermeasure items 1 to 7, the efficiency of each process is improved. It shows how much cost savings can be expected if done. Once the work scenario is decided, the cost of the countermeasure can be estimated for each hierarchy or the entire region. This countermeasure cost also changes depending on whether or not the number of days required for a certain work process is shortened. In general, if it is attempted to reduce the number of days required for a certain work process, an extra cost is required due to an increase in personnel. In the graph of FIG. 13, the slope becomes steeper as it goes from right to left. Therefore, it can be seen that a work item with a smaller number requires a lot of cost for shortening and it is difficult to shorten the period.

  By presenting such a countermeasure cost curve, the person in charge of the administrative body can determine how much cost reduction effect can be expected when various countermeasure items are made efficient. In general, since the total number of work scenarios that can be taken is considered to be very large, the number of graphs that can be displayed should be limited to a specific number that reduces the cost of measures in consideration of ease of viewing.

  In the present embodiment, α and β are used as decision criteria for the risk index and the first to third modes are used as three modes. However, the present invention is not limited to this. A number of decision-making criteria and modes can be set in accordance with the actual situation of each local government with respect to the target animal infectious disease.

  In addition, in this example, as a risk index, the number of animals killed before the end of the animal infection, the number of farms to be killed, or the length of the period from the occurrence of the animal infection to the end Although described using three, the present invention is not limited to this. Different risk indicators can be added as appropriate according to the target animal infectious disease and the actual situation of each local government.

  FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a hardware configuration of a computer 90 that implements the apparatus 10 of FIG. As illustrated, the computer 90 includes a processor 91, a main memory 92, a storage device 93, a communication interface 94, a display mechanism 95, and an input interface 96. The processor 91 implements each function described above by executing a program stored in the storage device 93. The main memory 92 stores a program being executed by the processor 91, data temporarily used by the program, and the like. The storage device 93 stores a program executed by the processor 91, input / output data related to the program, and the like. The communication interface 94 transmits / receives data to / from an external device. The display mechanism 95 includes a video memory, a display, and the like, and displays data and the like to the user. The input interface 96 includes a keyboard, a mouse, and the like, and accepts input operations from the user.

  2 is realized by the processor 91 shown in FIG. 14 reading a program from the storage device 93 into the main memory 92 and executing it. The list storage unit 11 is realized by, for example, the main memory 92 shown in FIG.

  The program for realizing the device 10 may be provided by communication means or may be provided by being stored in a recording medium such as a CD-ROM.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Apparatus 11 List memory | storage part 12 Work flow preparation part 13 Scenario candidate determination part 14 Spatial infection calculation part 15 Risk index calculation part 16 Risk index presentation part 17 Optimal scenario determination part 18 Countermeasure cost calculation part

Claims (8)

A device that supports decision making for animal infection control,
Each main body including the local government and the farm performs control of the animal infectious disease at a plurality of levels including at least a plurality of farms belonging to the local government in which the animal infectious disease occurs and the administrative district of the local government. A workflow creation unit for creating a workflow;
A scenario candidate deciding unit for deciding a plurality of work scenario candidates determined according to a decision made by each subject at each work stage in the created work flow;
For each of the plurality of work scenarios, a risk index calculation unit that calculates a risk index indicating the scale of damage caused to the occurrence area by the animal infection,
A risk index presenting unit that presents the plurality of work scenarios and the risk index calculated for each work scenario in association with each other;
A device characterized by comprising:   The work flow creation unit includes, as the local government, the prefecture of the occurrence region and a municipality belonging to the prefecture, at least in the three levels of the prefecture, the municipality, and the farm, the prefecture, the municipality, and the The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a work flow is created for each main body of the farm to perform the control of the animal infection. The scenario candidate determination unit determines a candidate for the work scenario after the time point for each of a plurality of different time points,
The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the risk index presentation unit presents the work scenario and the risk index calculated for the work scenario in association with each other at a plurality of different time points in time series.   The scenario candidate determination unit determines candidates for the work scenario determined according to a decision including a determination of when and on which farm an animal is to be killed in order to suppress the animal infection. The apparatus as described in any one of -3.   The risk index calculation unit includes at least the number of animals killed before the end of the animal infection, the number of farms where the killing is performed, or the length of the period from the occurrence of the animal infection to the end. The apparatus as described in any one of Claims 1-4 which calculates the said risk parameter | index containing the parameter | index showing suspicion.   The risk index presenting unit, for a part of the plurality of work scenarios, the work scenario and the work scenario and a part of the work scenario with a small amount of damage due to the animal infectious disease necessary for the end of the animal infectious disease The apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the risk index calculated for a work scenario is presented in association with each other. A method for supporting decision making for the control of animal infectious diseases, wherein a computer
Each main body including the local government and the farm performs control of the animal infectious disease at a plurality of levels including at least a plurality of farms belonging to the local government in which the animal infectious disease occurs and the administrative district of the local government. Creating a workflow,
Determining a plurality of work scenario candidates determined according to a decision made by each subject at each work stage in the created work flow;
For each of the plurality of work scenarios, calculating a risk index indicating a scale of damage caused to the occurrence area by the animal infection;
Presenting the plurality of work scenarios and the risk index calculated for each work scenario in association with each other;
A method characterized by comprising: On the computer,
Work performed by each subject including the local government and the farm to suppress the animal infectious disease in a plurality of hierarchies including at least a plurality of farms belonging to the local government where the animal infectious disease occurs and the administrative district of the local government The ability to create flows,
A function for determining a plurality of work scenario candidates determined according to a decision made by each subject at each work stage in the created work flow;
For each of the plurality of work scenarios, a function of calculating a risk index indicating the scale of damage caused to the occurrence area by the animal infection,
A function of associating and presenting the plurality of work scenarios and the risk index calculated for each work scenario;
A program to realize

Images