JP6093205B2 - Whale repellent sound generation method and whale repellent sound generation device - Google Patents
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- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
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Description
本発明は、鯨類忌避音水中発生方法及びその鯨類忌避音水中発生装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for generating whale repellent sound underwater and a device for generating the whale repellent sound underwater.
鯨類が船舶（超高速船）、発電装置、養殖装置等に近づくのを回避するため、かかる船舶等には、鯨類忌避を目的としたＵｎｄｅｒ Ｗａｔｅｒ Ｓｐｅａｋｅｒ（ＵＷＳ）が装備されている（下記特許文献１参照）。
さらに、鯨類等の海洋哺乳類を含む哺乳類が音響驚愕反応を示す音を元にして、哺乳類が近づくのを抑止する方法及びシステムが提案されているが、海洋哺乳類の嫌悪感に関する音データがなく、これを明らかにする課題があると記載されている（下記特許文献２参照）。
In order to prevent whales from approaching ships (ultra-high speed ships), power generators, aquaculture equipment, etc., such ships are equipped with an Under Water Speaker (UWS) for the purpose of avoiding whales (see below). Patent Document 1).
Furthermore, methods and systems have been proposed to prevent mammals including marine mammals such as cetaceans from approaching mammals based on the sound of acoustic startle response, but there is no sound data on the aversion of marine mammals. It is described that there is a problem to clarify this (see Patent Document 2 below).
従って、鯨類が船舶等へ衝突するのを防止するために、更なる鯨類忌避対策を講じる必要がある。 Therefore, in order to prevent whales from colliding with ships etc., it is necessary to take further measures to avoid whales.
発明者は過去１０年間の船舶に衝突した鯨類の種類数を調査したところ、ヒゲクジラ類に属するミンククジラが一番多いことをつきとめた。鯨類はヒゲクジラ類とハクジラ類に分類することができ、それぞれ可聴周波数が異なる（上記非特許文献１参照）。鯨類の可聴周波数を考慮すると、ハクジラ類だけでなくヒゲクジラ類にも有効な忌避音が必要なことを発見した。 The inventor investigated the number of types of whales that had collided with ships over the past 10 years, and found that there were the most minke whales belonging to the baleen whales. Whales can be classified into baleen whales and bald whales, each having a different audible frequency (see Non-Patent Document 1 above). Considering the audible frequencies of whales, we found that effective evasive sound is necessary not only for bald whales but also for baleen whales.
また、海洋中には食用生物である魚類がおり、魚類に影響を与えることは環境的・経済的にも悪影響があり、魚類に影響を与えないことが望ましい。
魚の可聴周波数範囲は、１６〜５，０００Ｈｚであるとの報告があり、この周波数外で鯨類の忌避音を開発する必要がある。
本発明は、上記状況に鑑みて、魚に影響を及ぼすことのない広範な種類の鯨類に有効な鯨類忌避音水中発生方法及びその鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を提供することを目的とする。
In addition, there are fish that are edible organisms in the ocean, and affecting the fish has an adverse environmental and economic impact, and it is desirable not to affect the fish.
It has been reported that the audible frequency range of fish is 16 to 5,000 Hz, and it is necessary to develop repellent sounds for cetaceans outside this frequency.
In view of the above situation, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for generating whale repellent sound underwater that is effective for a wide variety of whales that do not affect fish and a whale repellent sound underwater generator. To do.
本発明は、上記目的を達成するために、
〔１〕鯨類忌避音水中発生方法において、鯨類に忌避効果のある忌避音として鯨類の可聴周波数帯域内で忌避効果のある捕鯨船の走行音と、鯨類の追い込み漁に使用する鯨類忌避効果のあるカンカン棒の音源を調整して合成したことを特徴とする。
〔２〕上記〔１〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生方法において、前記捕鯨船の走行音と前記カンカン棒の周波数を８．００ｋＨｚに変調したものを合成した固定周波数型としたことを特徴とする。
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides
[1] Whale repellent sound In the underwater generation method, whales used for repelling sound of whales that have repellent effect in the audible frequency band of whales as whale repellent sound, and whales used for chase fishing It is characterized by adjusting and synthesizing the sound source of the kankan stick, which has a repellent effect.
[2] In the method for generating whale repellent sound underwater according to [1] above, a fixed frequency type in which the sound of the whaler and the frequency of the kankan rod are modulated to 8.00 kHz is combined. To do.
〔３〕上記〔２〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生方法において、前記固定周波数型の周波数特性は、０．７９ｋＨｚと８．００ｋＨｚの２つのピーク周波数があることを特徴とする。
〔４〕上記〔１〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生方法において、前記捕鯨船の走行音と前記カンカン棒の周波数を５ｋＨｚ、８ｋＨｚ、１０ｋＨｚに音間隔を０．０９秒に変調したものを合成した変動周波数型としたことを特徴とする。
[3] In the method for generating whale repellent sound water according to [2] above, the fixed frequency type frequency characteristic has two peak frequencies of 0.79 kHz and 8.00 kHz.
[4] The method for generating underwater whale repellent sound in the above [1], wherein the sound of the whaling ship and the frequency of the kankan rod are modulated to 5 kHz, 8 kHz and 10 kHz with a sound interval of 0.09 seconds. The variable frequency type is used.
〔５〕上記〔４〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生方法において、前記変動周波数型の周波数特性は、５．０４ｋＨｚ、８．００ｋＨｚ、１０．０８ｋＨｚの３つのピーク周波数があることを特徴とする。
〔６〕鯨類忌避音水中発生装置において、鯨類に忌避効果のある忌避音として鯨類の可聴周波数帯域内で忌避効果のある船舶の走行音と、鯨類の追い込み漁に使用する鯨類忌避効果のあるカンカン棒の音源を調整して合成したことを特徴とする。
[5] The whale repellent sound generation method according to [4] above, wherein the variable frequency type frequency characteristic has three peak frequencies of 5.04 kHz, 8.00 kHz, and 10.08 kHz. .
[6] Whale repellent sound Underwater generators, as a repellent sound that has a repellent effect on whales, a ship running sound that has a repellent effect in the audible frequency band of whales, and a whale that is used for whale chase fishing It is characterized by adjusting and synthesizing the sound source of the kankan stick with repellent effect.
〔７〕上記〔６〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生装置において、前記鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を備えた船舶が捕鯨船であることを特徴とする。
〔８〕上記〔６〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生装置において、前記鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を備えた船舶が超高速船であることを特徴とする。
〔９〕上記〔６〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生装置において、前記鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を備えた船舶がヨットであることを特徴とする。
[7] The whale repellent sound underwater generating device according to [6] above, wherein the ship equipped with the whale repellent sound underwater generating device is a whaling ship.
[8] The whale repellent sound underwater generating device according to [6] above, wherein the ship equipped with the whale repellent sound underwater generating device is an ultra-high speed ship.
[9] The whale repellent sound underwater generating device according to [6] above, wherein the ship equipped with the whale repellent sound underwater generating device is a yacht.
〔１０〕上記〔６〕記載の鯨類忌避音水中発生装置において、水中に配置される発電装置や養殖装置の周囲に鯨類を寄り付かせないようにしたことを特徴とする。 [10] The whale repelling sound underwater generating device according to [6], wherein whales are prevented from coming close to a power generation device or an aquaculture device disposed in water.
本発明によれば、広範な種類の鯨類に対して有効な忌避音を発生させる方法及び装置を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the method and apparatus which generate | occur | produces the effective repelling sound with respect to a wide variety of cetaceans can be provided.
鯨類忌避音水中発生方法は、鯨類に忌避効果のある忌避音として鯨類の可聴周波数帯域内で忌避効果のある捕鯨船の走行音と、鯨類の追い込み漁に使用する鯨類忌避効果のあるカンカン棒の音源を調整して合成するようにした。 Whale repellent sound underwater generation method is as follows: Whale hunting sound that has a repellent effect in the audible frequency range of whales as a repellent sound that is repellent to whales, and whale repellent effect used for whale chase fishing Adjusted the sound source of the kankan stick with a synthesizer.
以下、本発明の実施の形態について詳細に説明する。
図１は本発明に係る超高速船とクジラ類の忌避の模式図である。
この図において、超高速船１は鯨類３に有効な鯨類忌避音水中発生装置ＵＷＳ２を具備しており、鯨類忌避音水中発生装置２より鯨類３に有効な鯨類忌避音を発生することで主に鯨類３に対する超高速船１の衝突を回避するようにしている。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the avoidance of a super-high-speed ship and whales according to the present invention.
In this figure, the super-high-speed ship 1 is equipped with a whale repellent sound underwater generator UWS2 that is effective for whales 3. The whale repellent sound underwater generator 2 generates a whale repellent sound that is effective for whales 3. By doing so, the collision of the super-high-speed ship 1 mainly with the cetaceans 3 is avoided.
より実効性の高い鯨類忌避音水中発生装置ＵＷＳを調整するための調査を行った。
本発明の鯨類忌避音水中発生装置の各特性については、以下の通りである。
本発明の鯨類忌避音水中発生装置の音響刺激は２種類作成した。音響刺激は、これまで鯨類との衝突事故例がなく、更に調査員の観察事例から忌避効果が高いと考えられる捕鯨船の走行音と、鯨類の追い込み漁に使用する鯨類忌避効果のある棒（カンカン棒）の音源を調整して合成した。また、これらの音を音源とし、今までに推定された各危険鯨種の可聴周波数と、現行の水中放声装置送波音圧の最大感度にあたる８ｋＨｚ〜２０ｋＨｚに合わせて、周波数を調整した。
A survey was conducted to adjust the more effective whale repellent sound underwater generator UWS.
Each characteristic of the cetacean repellent sound underwater generator of the present invention is as follows.
Two kinds of acoustic stimuli for the apparatus for generating underwater sound of whales according to the present invention were prepared. Acoustic stimuli have not been hit by accidents with whales so far, and the sound of whaling boats considered to have a high repellent effect based on observations by investigators and the effect of repelling whales used for whale chase fishing. It was synthesized by adjusting the sound source of a certain stick. These sounds were used as sound sources, and the frequency was adjusted according to the audible frequency of each dangerous whale species estimated so far and the current sensitivity of 8 kHz to 20 kHz, which is the maximum sensitivity of the underwater vocal sound transmission sound pressure.
以下、本発明のＵＷＳの比較（表１）と、本発明のＵＷＳの音響特性及び周波数特性の詳細について記載する。 Hereinafter, comparison of UWS of the present invention (Table 1) and details of acoustic characteristics and frequency characteristics of UWS of the present invention will be described.
〔Ａ〕第１実施例（ＵＷＳ１：固定周波数型）
（１）まず、本発明の第１実施例（ＵＷＳ１）の音響特性について説明する。
図２は本発明の第１実施例によるＵＷＳ１のソナグラムを示す図であり、縦軸を周波数（ｋＨｚ）、横軸を時間（秒）として音を図式化している。縦に入った黒線はカンカン棒の音を示し、背景の灰色部分は汽船Ａの走行音を示している。
[A] First embodiment (UWS1: fixed frequency type)
(1) First, the acoustic characteristics of the first embodiment (UWS1) of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a sonogram of UWS 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, in which the sound is graphically represented with the vertical axis representing frequency (kHz) and the horizontal axis representing time (seconds). The black line in the vertical line indicates the sound of a can, and the gray part in the background indicates the traveling sound of steamer A.
汽船Ａの走行音（エンジン音）は、最大速力時（１６．７ｋｔ，２００ｒｐｍ）走行音に０．１２ｋＨｚのハイパスフィルターをかけ、カンカン棒の原音（音源）は卓越周波数２．００ｋＨｚを８．００ｋＨｚ付近に変調したものを合成して、周波数８ｋＨｚ（固定周波数）、音間隔０．５２秒とした。
（２）次に、本発明の第１実施例（ＵＷＳ１）の周波数特性について説明する。
The running sound (engine sound) of steamer A is applied to the running sound at maximum speed (16.7 kt, 200 rpm) with a 0.12 kHz high-pass filter, and the original sound (sound source) of the kankan stick has a dominant frequency of 2.00 kHz at 8.00 kHz. What was modulated in the vicinity was synthesized to have a frequency of 8 kHz (fixed frequency) and a sound interval of 0.52 seconds.
(2) Next, the frequency characteristics of the first embodiment (UWS1) of the present invention will be described.
図３は本発明の第１実施例によるＵＷＳ１の１／３オクターブバンドの定比分析を行ったスペクトラムを示す図であり、縦軸を音圧（ｄＢ）、横軸を周波数（ｋＨｚ）として音の周波数分布を示している。黒の実線は本発明のＵＷＳ１の周波数特性を示している。
この図に示すように、ＵＷＳ１は、０．７９ｋＨｚ及び８．００ｋＨｚの二箇所にピーク周波数があり、０．７９ｋＨｚのピークは汽船Ａの走行音の周波数を示すものであるが、周波数の変調が困難なことからそのまま使用した。
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a spectrum obtained by performing a constant ratio analysis of the 1/3 octave band of UWS 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention, where the vertical axis represents sound pressure (dB) and the horizontal axis represents frequency (kHz). The frequency distribution is shown. The black solid line shows the frequency characteristic of the UWS 1 of the present invention.
As shown in this figure, UWS1 has peak frequencies at two locations of 0.79 kHz and 8.00 kHz, and the 0.79 kHz peak indicates the frequency of the traveling sound of steamer A, but the frequency modulation is Used as it was difficult.
ＵＷＳ１は８．００ｋＨｚに変調した。これは、衝突危険鯨種の可聴周波数（マッコウクジラ０．２９〜４７．７５ｋＨｚ、ツチクジラ０．２〜３３ｋＨｚ、ナガスクジラ科鯨類１５ｋＨｚ以下）と現行の水中放声装置の最大感度に合わせて調整したものである。
〔Ｂ〕第２実施例（ＵＷＳ２：変動周波数型）
（１）まず、本発明の第２実施例（ＵＷＳ２）の音響特性について説明する。
UWS1 was modulated to 8.00 kHz. This is adjusted to the audible frequency of the collision whale species (Sperm whale 0.29 to 47.75 kHz, Japanese whale 0.2 to 33 kHz, fin whales 15 kHz or less) and the maximum sensitivity of the current underwater sounding device. It is.
[B] Second embodiment (UWS2: variable frequency type)
(1) First, the acoustic characteristics of the second embodiment (UWS2) of the present invention will be described.
図４は本発明の第２実施例によるＵＷＳ２のソナグラムを示す図であり、縦に入った黒線は変調させたカンカン棒の音を示し、背景の灰色部分は汽船Ａの走行音を示している。
汽船Ａの走行音（エンジン音）は、最大速力時（１６．７ｋｔ，２００ｒｐｍ）走行音に０．１２ｋＨｚのハイパスフィルターをかけ、カンカン棒の原音（音源）は卓越周波数２．００ｋＨｚを５．００ｋＨｚ、８．００ｋＨｚ、及び１０．００ｋＨｚに変調し、それらの３つの周波数を交互に配列して、鯨類の優位可聴周波数（マッコウクジラ２〜５ｋＨｚ、ツチクジラ０．２〜３３ｋＨｚ、ナガスクジラ科鯨類１５ｋＨｚ以下）と現行の水中放声装置の最大感度に合わせて調整した。音間隔については、原音の０．５２秒を汽船Ａの接近速力時のディーゼルノック音の間隔に合わせて約０．０９秒に変調した。
FIG. 4 is a view showing a sonogram of UWS2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention, where a black line in the vertical direction indicates the sound of a modulated kankan stick, and a gray portion in the background indicates a running sound of steamer A. Yes.
The running sound (engine sound) of steamer A is a 0.12 kHz high-pass filter applied to the traveling sound at maximum speed (16.7 kt, 200 rpm), and the original sound (sound source) of the kankan stick has a dominant frequency of 2.00 kHz at 5.00 kHz. , 8.00 kHz, and 10.00 kHz, and alternately arranging these three frequencies, the dominant audible frequencies of cetaceans (sperm whales 2-5 kHz, horn whales 0.2-33 kHz, fin whales 15 kHz) And the maximum sensitivity of the current underwater sounding device. As for the sound interval, 0.52 seconds of the original sound was modulated to about 0.09 seconds in accordance with the interval of the diesel knock sound at the time of steamer A's approach speed.
（２）次に、本発明の第２実施例（ＵＷＳ２）の周波数特性について説明する。
図５は本発明の第２実施例によるＵＷＳ２の１／３オクターブバンドの定比分析を行ったスぺクトラムを示す図である。図５に示すように、ＵＷＳ２は５．０４ｋＨｚ、８．００ｋＨｚ、及び１０．０８ｋＨｚの三箇所にピーク周波数があり、これらの周波数特性は、鯨類の優位可聴周波数（マッコウクジラ２〜５ｋＨｚ、ツチクジラ０．２〜３３ｋＨｚ、ナガスクジラ科鯨類１５ｋＨｚ以下）の範囲内である。
(2) Next, the frequency characteristics of the second embodiment (UWS2) of the present invention will be described.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a spectrum obtained by performing a ratio analysis of 1/3 octave band of UWS2 according to the second embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 5, UWS2 has peak frequencies at three locations of 5.04 kHz, 8.00 kHz, and 10.08 kHz, and these frequency characteristics are the dominant audible frequencies of cetaceans (sperm whales 2 to 5 kHz, ivy whales). 0.2-33 kHz, fin whales whales 15 kHz or less).
〔Ｃ〕調査
以下、新潟・佐渡で行った鯨類忌避音の調査について説明する。
本願発明者らは、ＵＷＳの新音源を搭載する際の重要点として本発明のＵＷＳの水中伝播特性を明確化し、より実効性の高い音響刺激に調整する必要があるとの考えに基づき、本発明のＵＷＳを水中で再生した際の音と、ＵＷＳを再生している時の走行音とを録音し、その伝播特性について解析を行った。
[C] Survey The following is a description of the survey of whale repellent sounds conducted in Niigata and Sado.
The inventors of the present application clarify the underwater propagation characteristics of the UWS of the present invention as an important point when mounting a new sound source of UWS, and based on the idea that it is necessary to adjust the acoustic stimulation to be more effective. The sound when the UWS of the invention was reproduced in water and the running sound when the UWS was reproduced were recorded, and the propagation characteristics were analyzed.
この調査では、より実効性の高いＵＷＳに調整するために、非走行時及び走行時に本発明のＵＷＳの水中録音を実施し、本発明のＵＷＳ（固定周波数型と変動周波数型）の音響伝播特性について明確にするようにした。
（調査方法）
（１）非走行時及び走行時の本発明のＵＷＳの録音
（ａ）非走行時における本発明のＵＷＳの録音
新潟港・万代島第１バースより水中マイクロフオンを水中へ投下し、第２又は第３バースに停泊している船舶から本発明のＵＷＳを再生して水中録音を行った。その際、船舶ＡからＵＷＳ１（固定周波数型）を、船舶ＢからＵＷＳ２（変動周波数型）を再生した。録音前後でマイク深度と同様深度における水温を記録し、レーザー距離計を用いて録音位置から船舶までの距離を計測した。
In this investigation, in order to adjust to a more effective UWS, underwater recording of the present invention was performed during non-running and running, and the acoustic propagation characteristics of the UWS (fixed frequency type and variable frequency type) of the present invention were implemented. Clarified about.
(Investigation method)
(1) Recording of UWS of the present invention during non-running and running (a) Recording of UWS of the present invention during non-running From the first berth of Niigata Port and Bandaijima, drop an underwater microphone into the water, Underwater recording was performed by playing the UWS of the present invention from a ship anchored at 3 berths. At that time, UWS1 (fixed frequency type) was regenerated from ship A, and UWS2 (variable frequency type) was regenerated from ship B. The water temperature at the same depth as the microphone depth was recorded before and after recording, and the distance from the recording position to the ship was measured using a laser distance meter.
（ｂ）走行時における本発明のＵＷＳ及び従来のＵＷＳの船舶走行音録音
両津湊地区の桟橋より水中マイクロフオンを水中へ投下し、本発明のＵＷＳ音源及び従来のＵＷＳ音源を再生している３隻を対象として、両津港に入港する船舶及び港から出港する船舶の走行音録音を行った。出入港時刻１０分前から録音スタンバイし、船舶からの距離が目測で１．５ｋｍになった時点から録音を開始した。船舶が録音場所を通過する際にレーザー距離計を使用して船舶までの最短距離を計測した。また、録音前後でマイク深度と同様深度における水温を記録した。
(B) Sound recording of UWS of the present invention and conventional UWS when traveling The underwater microphone is dropped into the water from the jetty in the Ryotsu-an area to reproduce the UWS sound source of the present invention and the conventional UWS sound source 3 For the vessels, we recorded the running sound of vessels entering and leaving Ryotsu Port. Recording standby from 10 minutes before departure and arrival time, and recording started when the distance from the ship reached 1.5 km. A laser distance meter was used to measure the shortest distance to the ship as it passed through the recording location. The water temperature at the same depth as the microphone depth was recorded before and after recording.
使用録音機材については、無指向性の無指向性のハイドロフォン（ＯＫＩＳＥＡＴＥＣ ｍｏｄｅｌ ＯＳＴ２１３０、受波周波数範囲１０Ｈｚ〜１００ｋＨｚ，受波感度約−１７４±３ｄＢ ｒｅ １Ｖ／μＰａ、ケーブル長１５ｍ）にプレアンプ（受波周波数範囲２０Ｈｚ〜２０ｋＨｚ）及びデジタルレコーダー（Ｓｏｎｙ ＰＣＭ−Ｄ５０、１６ｂｉｔ、４４．１ｋＨｚ）を接続して使用した。この録音系の受波周波数範囲は２０Ｈｚ〜２０ｋＨｚの定周波数であった。また、予備の録音機器としてホエールフォン（静岡沖電気 周波数範囲１００Ｈｚ〜２０ｋＨｚ、受波感度−１９５ｄＢ １Ｖ／１μＰａ ａｔ １ｋＨｚ以上、無指向性、ケーブル１０ｍ）も用意した。船舶までの距離はレーザー距離計（Ｌａｓｅｒ Ｒａｎｇｅｆｉｎｄｅｒ ＥＬＩＴＥ１５００、Ｂｕｓｈｎｅｌｌ社製）を使用して計測した。水温は、ペッテンコーヘル式（採水器式）のものを使用して、マイク深度と同様深度で計測した。 The recording equipment used is a non-directional non-directional hydrophone (OKISEATEC model OST2130, receiving frequency range 10 Hz to 100 kHz, receiving sensitivity about −174 ± 3 dB re 1 V / μPa, cable length 15 m). A wave frequency range of 20 Hz to 20 kHz) and a digital recorder (Sony PCM-D50, 16 bits, 44.1 kHz) were connected and used. The reception frequency range of this recording system was a constant frequency of 20 Hz to 20 kHz. In addition, a whale phone (Shizuoka Oki Electric, frequency range: 100 Hz to 20 kHz, reception sensitivity: -195 dB, 1 V / 1 μPa at 1 kHz or more, omnidirectional, cable: 10 m) was also prepared as a spare recording device. The distance to the ship was measured using a laser rangefinder (Laser Rangefinder ELITE 1500, manufactured by Bushnell). The water temperature was measured at a depth similar to the microphone depth using a Pettenkohel type (sampler type).
（２）調査結果
調査は準備を含めて６日間実施し、計５時間３８分８秒の録音調査を行うことができた。非走行時及び走行時それぞれの調査録音データの内容は以下の表２及び表３の通りである。
(2) Survey results The survey was conducted for 6 days including preparations, and a total of 5 hours 38 minutes 8 seconds could be recorded. The contents of the survey recording data during the non-running time and during the running time are as shown in Tables 2 and 3 below.
（ａ）本発明のＵＷＳ音響特性
図６は本発明の第１実施例を示すＵＷＳ１及びＵＷＳ２を搭載した船舶の走行音をそれぞれソナグラムで示す図である。図６（ａ）は船舶Ａ（本発明のＵＷＳ１、１４０ｍ地点）、図６（ｂ）は船舶Ｂ（本発明のＵＷＳ２、１２６ｍ地点）の走行音ソナグラムであり、それぞれ最接近時を含めた２０秒間を示している（ＦＦＴ ｌｅｎｇｔｈ＝５１２，Ｆｒａｍｅ ｓｉｚｅ＝１００％ Ｏｖｅｒｌａｐ＝０％ Ｈａｍｍｉｎｇ ｗｉｎｄｏｗ）。
(A) UWS Acoustic Characteristics of the Present Invention FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the traveling sound of a ship equipped with UWS1 and UWS2 according to the first embodiment of the present invention in a sonagram. FIG. 6 (a) is a traveling sound sonargram of the ship A (UWS1, 140m point of the present invention), and FIG. 6 (b) is a traveling sound sonargram of the ship B (UWS2, 126m point of the present invention). Seconds are shown (FFT length = 512, Frame size = 100% Overlap = 0% Hamming window).
図７は各船舶の走行音を各音源で１０秒間ずつ切り出してパワースペクトラムで示す図である。図７（ａ）は船舶Ａ（ＵＷＳ１）、図７（ｂ）は船舶Ｂ（ＵＷＳ２）の走行音をそれぞれ示している。なお、走行音と背景雑音を比較するため、通過前の背景雑音についても１０秒間切り出し、パワースペクトラムで示している。
図６に示すように、本発明のＵＷＳ１及びＵＷＳ２では、５〜１０ｋＨｚの範囲でカンカン棒の音圧が走行音と比較して高い傾向が見られ、さらに、図７のパワースペクトラムから分かるように、ＵＷＳ１では８ｋＨｚ、ＵＷＳ２では５ｋＨｚ、８ｋＨｚ、１０ｋＨｚと、カンカン棒に対応する周波数で音圧が高い傾向が見られた。
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the power spectrum obtained by cutting out the traveling sound of each ship for 10 seconds with each sound source. FIG. 7A shows the traveling sound of the ship A (UWS1), and FIG. 7B shows the traveling sound of the ship B (UWS2). In order to compare the running sound and the background noise, the background noise before passing is also cut out for 10 seconds and shown as a power spectrum.
As shown in FIG. 6, in UWS1 and UWS2 of the present invention, the sound pressure of the can-can-bar tends to be higher than the running sound in the range of 5 to 10 kHz, and as can be seen from the power spectrum of FIG. , UWS1 showed a tendency that the sound pressure was high at 8 kHz, and UWS2 showed a frequency corresponding to the canning bar, such as 5 kHz, 8 kHz, and 10 kHz.
（ｂ）本発明のＵＷＳの音圧と各音源の音響特性比較
各船舶の非走行時音と走行音を１／３オクターブバンドの定比分析を行い、各船舶及び各音源音圧を比較した。図８は非走行時の各音源比較図、図９は走行時の各音源比較図である。
図８に示されるように、非走行時は５．０４〜８．００ｋＨｚにおいてピークが見られ、特にＵＷＳ２ではカンカン棒の周波数の音圧が高いことが分かった。一方で、低周波数ではＣＤ音源と比較して音圧が低くなっていることから、スピーカー特性によって５ｋＨｚ以下の低周波数は再生音圧が下がることが明確となった。
(B) Comparison of sound characteristics of UWS of the present invention and sound characteristics of each sound source A non-running sound and a running sound of each ship were subjected to a ratio analysis of 1/3 octave band to compare each ship and each sound source sound pressure. . FIG. 8 is a comparison diagram of sound sources when not traveling, and FIG. 9 is a comparison diagram of sound sources when traveling.
As shown in FIG. 8, a peak was observed at 5.04 to 8.00 kHz during non-running, and it was found that the sound pressure at the frequency of the can rod was high particularly in UWS2. On the other hand, since the sound pressure is lower than that of a CD sound source at a low frequency, it has become clear that the reproduction sound pressure is lowered at a low frequency of 5 kHz or less due to speaker characteristics.
一方、走行時においては、図９に示されるように、本発明のＵＷＳを搭載した船舶はいずれも、０．１６ｋＨｚと０．６３ｋＨｚ、及び６．３５ｋＨｚにピークがあることが分かった。
図１０は本発明のＵＷＳの非走行時と走行時の音響特性比較図であり、図１０（ａ）はＵＷＳ１、図１０（ｂ）はＵＷＳ２の音響特性をそれぞれ比較した図を示している。この図に示されるように、非走行時ではカンカン棒の周波数に対応する部分の音圧が高くなるが、走行時はより低周波数の部分で音圧が高くなることが分かった。
On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 9, it was found that all the ships equipped with the UWS of the present invention have peaks at 0.16 kHz, 0.63 kHz, and 6.35 kHz during traveling.
FIG. 10 is a comparison diagram of acoustic characteristics when the UWS of the present invention is not traveling and when traveling. FIG. 10A shows a comparison of acoustic characteristics of UWS1 and FIG. 10B shows a comparison of acoustic characteristics of UWS2. As shown in this figure, it was found that the sound pressure in the portion corresponding to the frequency of the can-can rod increases when not traveling, but the sound pressure increases in the lower frequency portion during traveling.
図１１は本発明のＵＷＳ１及びＵＷＳ２の走行時の音響特性を船舶ごとに比較した図であり、図１１（ａ）は船舶Ｂ、図１１（ｂ）は船舶Ａの走行時の比較図である。この図に示されるように、どちらの船舶においてもＵＷＳ２の方がＵＷＳ１よりも音圧が高い傾向が見られ、船舶Ｂでは最高５．５ｄＢ（０．１６ｋＨｚ）、船舶Ａでは最高９．６ｄＢ（６．３ｋＨｚ）、ＵＷＳ２の方が高い音圧を示した。すなわち、鯨類の船舶判別可能距離が、ＵＷＳ２の方がより遠くなる可能性があることが分かった。 FIG. 11 is a diagram comparing the acoustic characteristics during travel of UWS1 and UWS2 of the present invention for each ship, FIG. 11 (a) is a ship B, and FIG. 11 (b) is a comparison diagram during travel of ship A. . As shown in this figure, the sound pressure of UWS2 tends to be higher than UWS1 in both vessels, with vessel B having a maximum of 5.5 dB (0.16 kHz) and vessel A having a maximum of 9.6 dB ( 6.3 kHz), UWS2 showed higher sound pressure. That is, it has been found that the distance that can be distinguished by ships for whales may be farther in UWS2.
図１２は船舶の違いによる本発明のＵＷＳの音響特性の比較を行った図であり、図１２（ａ）は走行時の船舶Ｂ（ＵＷＳ１）と船舶Ａ（ＵＷＳ２）との音響特性の比較を行った図であり、図１２（ｂ）は走行時の船舶Ｂ（ＵＷＳ１）と船舶Ａ（ＵＷＳ２）との音響特性の比較を行った図である。
この図より、船舶Ｂよりも船舶Ａのカンカン棒の音の音圧が、本発明のＵＷＳ１では約５ｄＢ、本発明のＵＷＳ２では約６ｄＢ高くなっており、船舶Ａ（ＵＷＳ２）の方がカンカン棒の音がより聞こえやすくなっていることが分かった。船舶Ａ（ＵＷＳ２）を搭載した際は、本来６０％である船舶のアンプ出力を７０％に上げたために、そのことも考慮に入れるが、ＵＷＳ１で比較した場合においても、船舶Ａが搭載されているときの方が音圧は強いため、船舶Ａの方が音はより遠くまで聞こえると言える。
FIG. 12 is a diagram comparing the acoustic characteristics of the UWS according to the present invention depending on the difference in the ship, and FIG. 12 (a) compares the acoustic characteristics of the ship B (UWS1) and the ship A (UWS2) during travel. FIG. 12B is a diagram in which acoustic characteristics of the ship B (UWS1) and the ship A (UWS2) at the time of traveling are compared.
From this figure, the sound pressure of the can stick of the ship A is higher than the ship B by about 5 dB in the UWS 1 of the present invention and about 6 dB in the UWS 2 of the present invention, and the ship A (UWS 2) has a higher pressure. It became clear that the sound of became easier to hear. When ship A (UWS2) is installed, the amplifier output of the ship, which is originally 60%, has been increased to 70%, but this is taken into consideration, but even when compared with UWS1, ship A is installed. It can be said that the sound of the ship A can be heard farther because the sound pressure is stronger when the ship is.
更に、各周波数における音源から１００〜５００ｍ離れた際の海中における音の減衰と推定到達音圧を求めた。球面拡散ＴＬS ＝２０ ｌｏｇ ｒ（ｄＢ）、吸収減衰はＦｒａｎｃｏｉｓ ＆ Ｇａｒｒｉｓｏｎ １９８２の式を使用し、計算条件は送波水深２ｍ（走行時スピーカー深度）、界面水温２０℃、塩分濃度３５％：ｐＨ８として計算を行った。 Furthermore, the sound attenuation and estimated sound pressure in the sea when 100 to 500 m away from the sound source at each frequency were obtained. Spherical diffusion TL S = 20 log r (dB), absorption attenuation uses the formula of Francois & Garrison 1982, calculation conditions are wave depth 2 m (traveling speaker depth), interface water temperature 20 ° C., salinity 35%: pH 8 As a calculation.
その結果は、以下の表４（その１）〜表６（その３）にまとめた。 The results are summarized in Table 4 (Part 1) to Table 6 (Part 3) below.
表４（その１）〜表６（その３）の灰色で塗り潰したセルは、ヒゲクジラ亜目ナガスクジラ（Ｍｅｇａｐｔｅｒａ ｎｏｖａｅａｎｇｌｉａｅ）が反応する最低の音圧１０２ｄＢ ｒｅ １μＰａ（Ｆｒａｎｋｅｌ ｅｔ ａｌ．１９９５）以上の音圧であることを示している。
以上のことを踏まえ、音源から１００ｍ以上離れた地点で鯨類の反応を誘発する音圧で伝播するＵＷＳが有効であると判断し、この調査の結果から６ｋＨｚの音は１５０ｍまでの範囲ならば全ての船舶から発せられた本発明のＵＷＳが有効であると判断する。８ｋＨｚについても１２０ｍまでの範囲ならば全船舶の本発明のＵＷＳが有効である。固定周波数型のＵＷＳ１は６−８ｋＨｚの周波数帯で最低１２０ｍ（全周波数）、最高２００ｍ（８ｋＨｚ）まで、変動周波数型ＵＷＳ２は０．５ｋＨｚと４−１０ｋＨｚの周波数帯で最低１２０ｍ（全周波数）、最高３００ｍ（５−８ｋＨｚ）まで鯨類の反応を誘発できる音圧で再生された。これらの周波数は、ミンククジラ（可聴周波数帯０．１２−１５．９３ｋＨｚ、優位周波数帯０．５−９．４ｋＨｚ）とツチクジラ（可聴周波数帯０．２７−３３．０９ｋＨｚ、優位周波数帯４．００−８．００ｋＨｚ）と重複している。
The cells filled in gray in Table 4 (Part 1) to Table 6 (Part 3) are those with a minimum sound pressure of 102 dB re 1 μPa (Frankel et al. 1995) or higher at which the minke whale (Megaptera novaeaglialia) reacts. It is shown that.
Based on the above, it is judged that UWS propagating with sound pressure that induces the reaction of cetaceans at a point more than 100m away from the sound source is effective. From the result of this investigation, if the sound of 6kHz is in the range up to 150m It is judged that the UWS of the present invention issued from all ships is effective. For 8 kHz, the UWS of the present invention is effective for all ships as long as the range is up to 120 m. The fixed frequency type UWS1 is at least 120 m (all frequencies) in the frequency band of 6-8 kHz, up to 200 m (8 kHz), the variable frequency type UWS2 is at least 120 m (all frequencies) in the frequency bands of 0.5 kHz and 4-10 kHz, It was regenerated with a sound pressure up to 300m (5-8kHz) that could trigger the reaction of cetaceans. These frequencies are minke whale (audible frequency band 0.12-15.93 kHz, dominant frequency band 0.5-9.4 kHz) and humpback whale (audible frequency band 0.27-33.09 kHz, dominant frequency band 4.00). -8.00 kHz).
この調査により、船舶Ａに搭載した際、本発明の変動型周波数型のＵＷＳでの鯨類可聴周波数の音圧が高かったため、鯨類に船舶を認知させるという点では最も優れていることが分かった。
また、本発明の変動型周波数型のＵＷＳは、低周波数である０．５、４〜１０ｋＨｚまで有効の範囲が広がった。この調査においては、音圧を含め、本発明のＵＷＳの音響特性が鯨類に有効であることが明確となった。
From this investigation, it was found that when mounted on ship A, the sound pressure of the whale audible frequency in the variable frequency type UWS of the present invention was high, so that it was most excellent in making the ship recognize the ship. It was.
In addition, the effective range of the variable frequency type UWS of the present invention has expanded to a low frequency of 0.5, 4 to 10 kHz. In this investigation, it became clear that the acoustic characteristics of the UWS of the present invention, including sound pressure, are effective for cetaceans.
上記したように、本発明によれば、鯨類忌避音水中発生装置において、鯨類に忌避効果のある忌避音として鯨類の可聴周波数帯域内で忌避効果のある船舶の走行音と、鯨類の追い込み漁に使用する鯨類忌避効果のあるカンカン棒の音源を調整して合成した。
その鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を備えた船舶は例えば捕鯨船である。
また、鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を備えた船舶は例えば超高速船である。
As described above, according to the present invention, in a whale repellent sound underwater generating device, as a repellent sound having a repellent effect on whales, a ship running sound having a repellent effect in the audible frequency band of whales, and a whale The sound source of the kankan stick, which has the effect of repelling whales, used for the chase fishing of the sea was adjusted and synthesized.
A ship equipped with the whale repellent sound underwater generator is, for example, a whaling ship.
A ship equipped with a whale repellent sound underwater generator is, for example, an ultra-high speed ship.
さらに、鯨類忌避音水中発生装置を備えた船舶が例えばヨットである。
また、鯨類忌避音水中発生装置によって、水中に配置される発電装置や養殖装置の周囲に鯨類を寄り付かせないように構成することができる。
上記から明らかなように、
（１）固定周波数型のＵＷＳ１は、６−８ｋＨｚの周波数帯で最低１２０ｍ（全周波数）、最高２００ｍ（８ｋＨｚ）まで鯨類の反応を誘発できる音圧で再生された。一方、変動周波数型のＵＷＳ２は、０．５ｋＨｚと４−１０ｋＨｚの周波数帯で最低１２０ｍ（全周波数）、最高３００ｍ（５−８ｋＨｚ）まで鯨類の反応を誘発できる音圧で再生された。両ＵＷＳは、６ｋＨｚにおいては１５０ｍ、８ｋＨｚにおいては１２０ｍ先までならば船舶の全てのケースにおいて、周波数帯が鯨類（この場合にはミンククジラ・ツチクジラ）の可聴域帯と重複した。また、変動周波数型のＵＷＳ２の方がより遠くから船舶の存在を鯨類に認知させる可能性があることが明らかとなった。
Further, a ship equipped with a whale repellent sound underwater generator is, for example, a yacht.
Further, the whale repellent sound underwater generating device can be configured to prevent whales from getting close to power generation devices and aquaculture devices arranged in the water.
As is clear from the above,
(1) The fixed-frequency UWS1 was regenerated with a sound pressure capable of inducing a whale reaction up to a minimum of 120 m (all frequencies) and a maximum of 200 m (8 kHz) in the 6-8 kHz frequency band. On the other hand, the variable frequency type UWS2 was reproduced at a sound pressure capable of inducing the reaction of cetaceans up to a minimum of 120 m (all frequencies) and a maximum of 300 m (5-8 kHz) in the frequency bands of 0.5 kHz and 4-10 kHz. Both UWSs overlapped the audible range of the whales (in this case, minke whales and wing whales) in all cases of the ship, up to 150 m ahead at 6 kHz and 120 m ahead at 8 kHz. It was also revealed that the variable frequency type UWS2 may cause whales to recognize the presence of a ship from a greater distance.
（２）新ＵＷＳ１、新ＵＷＳ２の到達距離を比較すると、鯨類の反応を誘発できる有効範囲が、固定周波数型のＵＷＳ１は、６−８ｋＨｚ、変動周波数型のＵＷＳ２は０．５，４−１０ｋＨｚである。
（３）各船舶によって音響特性がやや異なり、同じタイプのＵＷＳであっても船舶Ａの方が船舶Ｂよりも高い音圧で再生される傾向があった。また、スピーカーの特性により５ｋＨｚ以下の低周波数では再生音圧が低下することが明らかとなった。
(2) Comparing the reach of the new UWS1 and the new UWS2, the effective range in which the response of the cetaceans can be induced is 6-8 kHz for the fixed frequency type UWS1, and 0.5, 4-10 kHz for the variable frequency type UWS2. It is.
(3) The acoustic characteristics are slightly different depending on each ship, and the ship A tends to be reproduced with a higher sound pressure than the ship B even with the same type of UWS. Further, it has been clarified that the reproduction sound pressure decreases at a low frequency of 5 kHz or less due to the characteristics of the speaker.
なお、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨に基づき種々の変形が可能であり、これらを本発明の範囲から排除するものではない。 In addition, this invention is not limited to the said Example, Based on the meaning of this invention, a various deformation | transformation is possible and these are not excluded from the scope of the present invention.
本発明の鯨類忌避音水中発生方法及びその鯨類忌避音水中発生装置は、広範な種類の鯨類に有効な忌避音を提供することが可能であり、例えば走行ノイズをあまり発生させない高速走行船と鯨類との衝突を回避して安全走行を図るとともに、鯨類の保護を図り、環境保護に利用可能である。 INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The whale repellent sound underwater generation method and the whale repellent sound underwater generation apparatus of the present invention can provide effective repellent sound for a wide variety of cetaceans, for example, high speed travel that does not generate much travel noise While avoiding collisions between ships and whales, they can drive safely and protect whales, which can be used for environmental protection.
１ 超高速船
２ 鯨類忌避音水中発生装置
３ 鯨類
1 Super-high-speed ship 2 Whale repellent sound underwater generator 3 Whales
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