JP6087344B2 - Blood component separator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a blood component separation device for collecting a predetermined blood component from blood. More specifically, the present invention relates to a blood component separation device that efficiently collects a high concentration of a predetermined blood component.

  Conventionally, in blood collection, component blood collection is performed in which only platelets and the like are collected and other components are returned to the blood donor. At that time, a blood component separation apparatus including a centrifuge is used.

  In recent years, platelet fluid transfusion is widely performed during cancer radiotherapy and the like, and at that time, a high concentration of platelet fluid is required. In order to collect high-concentration platelet fluid, the technique of Patent Document 1 temporarily stores low-concentration platelet fluid in the buffy coat bag and stores only high-concentration platelet fluid in the platelet intermediate bag in the blood component separation apparatus. Things have been done.

  Here, the platelet fluid flowing out of the centrifuge has a low concentration first, then a high concentration, and finally a low concentration again. When the first and last low-concentration platelet liquid is stored in the platelet intermediate bag, the concentration of the platelet liquid stored in the platelet intermediate bag inevitably decreases.

  Therefore, in order to prevent such a decrease in concentration, the first and last low-concentration platelet liquids are temporarily stored in the buffy coat back and whole blood collected from the supplier during the second cycle Mix and flow into centrifuge. By repeating this, only a high concentration of platelet liquid can be stored in the platelet intermediate bag.

JP 2009-226210 A

  However, in the blood component separation apparatus described above, a high concentration of platelet fluid is collected every cycle based on the concentration of platelet fluid flowing out from the centrifuge (value of the line sensor), and this is repeated for a predetermined cycle. The amount collected is obtained. Therefore, if a predetermined amount (for example, 25 ml) of high-concentration platelet liquid is to be collected in each cycle, as shown in FIG. There was a problem that it could not be collected (it failed to collect).

  Therefore, the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and blood components that can collect a larger number of predetermined blood components by optimizing the collection timing of the predetermined blood component having a high concentration. An object is to provide a separation device.

  One aspect of the present invention made to solve the above problems includes a centrifuge for separating a plurality of predetermined blood components from blood, and a container for storing the centrifuged predetermined blood components. In the blood component separation device that performs a plurality of cycles of collecting the plurality of blood components respectively, at each timing of flowing out from the centrifuge at the collection start timing and end timing in the predetermined blood component collection step Based on the blood count value stored in advance or the map data relating to the concentration of the predetermined blood component so that the concentration of the predetermined blood component is equal, the sampling process of the predetermined blood component is started from the blood count value of the donor It has the process of determining a timing, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The blood component flowing out of the centrifuge gradually increases when the outflow starts and gradually decreases when the maximum flow rate is exceeded. The concentration of the blood component that flows out gradually increases from a low concentration to a high concentration, and gradually decreases after the concentration peak. Although there are individual differences in the outflow curve of such blood components, it is possible to estimate what kind of outflow curve the blood donor will have based on the blood count value of the blood donor.

  Therefore, in this blood component separation device, the predetermined blood component concentration is stored in advance so that the concentration at the start timing and the end timing of the sampling in the sampling process of the predetermined blood component are equal to each other at each timing of flowing out from the centrifuge. The start timing of the sampling process is determined from the blood count value of the blood donor based on the calculated blood count value or the map data relating to the concentration of the predetermined blood component. Therefore, when collecting a predetermined amount of a predetermined blood component, it is possible to accurately select a period during which the concentration of the blood component is high. Thereby, since the collection timing of a predetermined blood component having a high concentration can be optimized, a larger number of predetermined blood components can be collected.

  Here, in the blood component separation apparatus described above, when the predetermined blood component is platelets, the blood count value may be a hematocrit value or a platelet count.

  By doing so, the collection timing of high-concentration platelets can be optimized, so that more platelets can be collected.

  In the above-described blood component separation apparatus, the start timing of the predetermined blood component collection step after the second cycle may be corrected based on the start timing and end timing of the predetermined blood component collection step in the immediately preceding cycle. .

  By doing in this way, when there is a deviation in the concentration of the predetermined blood component at the start timing and end timing of the collection process in the immediately preceding cycle, the collection process in the second and subsequent cycles so as to eliminate the deviation It is possible to correct the timing for starting the operation. Therefore, in the second cycle and thereafter, the collection timing of a predetermined blood component having a high concentration can be further optimized, so that a larger number of predetermined blood components can be collected.

  In this case, the start timing of the predetermined blood component collection process in the second cycle and thereafter is determined based on the predetermined blood component concentration at the start of the predetermined blood component collection process in the immediately preceding cycle and the predetermined time at the end. It is preferable to correct when the average value of the blood component concentration is reached.

  This is because such simple control can further optimize the collection timing of a predetermined blood component having a high concentration after the second cycle.

  In the blood component separation apparatus described above, a) a centrifuge step for introducing whole blood collected from a blood donor into a centrifuge and separating it into a plurality of blood components; and b) among the centrifuge blood components, A circulation flow step of introducing a first blood component of the predetermined blood components separated by the centrifugation together with whole blood into the centrifuge; c) a predetermined amount of the first blood component in the circulation flow step; After separating one blood component, the supply of whole blood to the centrifuge is stopped, and only the first blood component is introduced into the centrifuge and further circulated for a predetermined time, and then the circulation speed is accelerated. A circulation / acceleration step in which the second blood component is separated and collected by the centrifuge, and d) in the circulation / acceleration step, after collecting a predetermined amount of the second blood component, it was not collected Returning blood components to the donor It has a blood return step, the, as the a) to d Step 1 cycle), and more preferably a plurality of times the cycle.

  By doing in this way, a predetermined blood component can be accurately separated from other blood components. Since the collection timing of a predetermined blood component having a high concentration is optimized, a larger number of predetermined blood components can be collected efficiently.

  In the blood component separation apparatus, the circulation / acceleration step includes a first collection step of transferring a second blood component having a low concentration among the second blood components to a temporary storage container; A second collection step of collecting a high-concentration second blood component among the blood components, and the low-concentration second blood component transferred to the temporary storage container was collected in the next cycle It may be introduced into the centrifuge together with whole blood.

  By doing in this way, since it can apply to BC recycling for obtaining the 2nd blood component of high concentration, much more predetermined blood components can be extract | collected.

  Further, the blood component separation apparatus described above has a whole blood bag for storing whole blood collected from a donor, and the whole blood stored in the whole blood bag is collected in the next cycle in the centrifugation step of the next cycle. It may be introduced into the centrifuge together with the whole blood.

  By doing in this way, in addition to the above-mentioned effects, while performing at least one of the circulation flow step of the first cycle (current cycle) or the acceleration step, the whole blood is collected from the donor in parallel. Since it can be collected, the whole blood collection time in the second cycle (next cycle) can be shortened, the entire processing time can be shortened, and the time burden on the blood donor can be reduced.

  For example, in general, the blood collection time per cycle, the circulation flow process (critical flow process) is about 9 minutes, the circulation process is 30 to 40 seconds of the circulation / acceleration process, and the circulation / acceleration process is accelerated. The process is 20 to 30 seconds, and the blood return time is about 4 minutes. According to the present invention, since blood collection is performed in advance for about 1 minute in the first cycle, the blood collection time in the second cycle can be shortened by 1 minute to about 8 minutes. Similarly, when performing 3 cycles in total, the blood collection time of the 3rd cycle can be shortened by 1 minute to about 8 minutes.

  Here, for blood donors, there is a problem that the amount of blood circulating extracorporeally increases, but 90% of blood donors are considered to have no problem. In addition, if it seems that there is a problem if the amount of blood circulating extracorporeally is increased by a prior test, the changeover switch can collect whole blood in parallel with the circulation / acceleration process of the first cycle (current cycle). The whole blood may be collected in the second cycle (next cycle) after returning the blood. When the final cycle is performed, there is no next cycle, so it is natural that the whole blood is not collected for the next cycle.

  In this case, the whole blood bag is preferably used as a temporary storage container.

  Thereby, since it is not necessary to add a whole blood bag, it is not necessary to enlarge the apparatus, and it is not necessary to specially prepare a disposable whole blood bag, so that the cost can be reduced.

  And in the centrifugation process of the next cycle, it is preferable to further provide a pump for introducing the whole blood or / and the second blood component stored in the temporary storage container in the previous cycle into the centrifuge.

  According to the blood component separation device according to this configuration, as described above, it is possible to optimize the collection timing of a predetermined blood component having a high concentration and collect a larger number of predetermined blood components.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the blood component separation apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a block diagram which shows the control system of the blood component separation apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating the 1st process (priming process) of the blood component separation apparatus which concerns on embodiment. It is a figure for demonstrating a 2nd process. It is a figure for demonstrating a 3rd process (critical flow process). It is a figure for demonstrating a 4th process (circulation flow process). It is a figure for demonstrating the process of collect | recovering low concentration platelet liquids among 5th processes (acceleration process). It is a figure for demonstrating the process of storing a high concentration platelet liquid among 5th processes (acceleration process). It is a figure for demonstrating the process of collect | recovering low concentration platelet liquids among 5th processes (acceleration process). It is a figure for demonstrating a blood return process. It is a figure for demonstrating the 2nd process of a 2nd cycle. It is a figure for demonstrating the 3rd process of a 2nd cycle. It is a figure for demonstrating the processing process of platelet liquid. It is a figure for demonstrating the final process of platelet liquid. It is a figure which shows the structure of a centrifuge bowl. It is a figure which shows the effect | action of the blood component separation apparatus in time series. It is a figure which shows the density | concentration change which platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells flow out. It is a flowchart which shows the effect | action of a blood component separation apparatus. It is a flowchart which shows the effect | action of the collection process of platelet liquid. When to exit the collection 10 units platelets (2.0 × 10e ¹¹ Ke) in four cycles, which is a diagram illustrating a map data for determining the timing for collecting high concentration of platelets solution in the first cycle. It is a figure which shows the timing which extract | collects the high concentration platelet liquid in a 1st cycle, and the density | concentration of platelet liquid. It is a figure which shows the timing which extract | collects high concentration platelet liquid in a 2nd cycle, and the density | concentration of platelet liquid. It is a figure which shows the map data for determining the timing which extract | collects the high concentration platelet liquid in the 1st cycle in the case of complete | finishing collection | recovery in 3 cycles. It is a figure which shows the collection timing of the conventional platelet liquid.

  DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Embodiments of the blood component separation device of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the drawings. Therefore, first, the system configuration of the blood component separation device according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a blood component separation device according to the present embodiment. FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a control system of the blood component separation device according to the embodiment. FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining a first step (priming step) of the blood component separation device according to the embodiment.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, the blood component separation device 1 according to the present embodiment has a blood component separation circuit 10, and the blood component separation circuit 10 collects a blood collection needle 11 and initial blood. An initial blood collection circuit 80 including an initial blood collection bag 82, a sampling port 85, and an initial blood collection line 88, a rotor having a blood storage space inside the collection, a centrifugal bowl driving device 15 that rotationally drives the rotor, and an inlet ( A centrifuge bowl 19 having a first port 19a) and an outlet (second port 19b), for separating blood into a plurality of blood components by rotation of the rotor, and storing the blood components separated by the centrifuge bowl 19. The first container (plasma bag) 25, the second container (temporary storage bag) 20, the third container (platelet intermediate bag) 29, and the first loop connecting the blood collection needle 11 and the centrifuge bowl 19. (Donor tube 12, first blood pump 13, tube 42, tube 44, first on-off valve 16, tube 60, and tube 46), a second line (tube) connecting the centrifuge bowl 19 and the first container 25. 47, tube 48, fourth on-off valve 24, and tube 58), a third line connecting the first container 25 and the first line (tube 59, second blood pump 18, and tube 45), centrifuge bowl 19 And a fourth line (tube 47, tube 50, third on-off valve 23, and tube 53) connecting the second container 20 and the fifth line (tube 54) connecting the second container 20 and the first line. , The second on-off valve 17 and the tube 43), the sixth line (the tube 47, the tube 49, the tube 52, and the second line) connecting the centrifuge bowl 19 and the third container 29. It consists of opening and closing valve 27) and.

  A blood collection needle 11, which is a collection means for collecting whole blood (blood) from a donor, is connected to a first port 13a of a first blood pump 13 by a donor tube 12. The primary blood collection bag 82 is connected to a blood collection needle through a primary blood collection line 88 from a branch portion provided on the donor tube 12. The initial blood collection bag 82 further includes a sampling port 85 for transferring the collected initial blood to a test container (not shown). The sampling port 85 includes a main body portion, a needle portion 83, and a cover portion 84 that covers the needle portion. Consists of. Further, a clamp 90 for opening and closing the line is provided on the initial blood collection line.

  The tube 42 connected to the second port 13 b of the first blood pump 13 is branched into two tubes 43 and 44, and the tube 44 is connected to the first port 16 a of the first on-off valve 16. The tube 60 connected to the second port 16b of the first on-off valve 16 is branched into two tubes 45 and 46. The tube 46 is a centrifuge that separates the collected blood into a plurality of blood components. It is connected to the first port 19 a of the bowl 19. The centrifuge bowl 19 is disposed on the centrifuge bowl drive device 15 and is driven to rotate.

  Here, the blood collection needle 11 and the first port 19a on the inlet side of the centrifuge bowl 19 are connected to the first line (donor tube 12, first blood pump 13, tube 42, tube 44, first on-off valve 16, tube). 60 and the tube 46). Here, a pressure sensor 14 is connected to the donor tube 12.

  The tube 47 connected to the second port 19 b of the centrifuge bowl 19 is branched into three tubes 48, 49, 50, and the tube 48 is connected to the input port 24 a of the fourth open / close valve 24. The output port 24 b of the fourth on-off valve 24 is connected to the input port 25 b of the plasma back (first container) 25 by a tube 58.

  Here, the 2nd port 19b which is the output side of the centrifuge bowl 19 and the plasma back | bag 25 are connected by the 2nd line (The tube 47, the tube 48, the 4th on-off valve 24, and the tube 58). The output port 25 a of the plasma back 25 is connected to the input port 18 b of the second blood pump 18 by a tube 59.

  Here, the plasma back 25 and the tubes 46 and 60 constituting the first line are connected by a tube 45. That is, the plasma back 25 and the first line are connected by a third line (the tube 59, the second blood pump 18, and the tube 45). Thereby, the plasma bag 25 is connected so as to selectively communicate with the inlet side or the outlet side of the centrifuge bowl 19.

  An air bag for temporarily storing the air in the circuit is connected to the middle of the tube 59 in the third line (between the first container 25 and the second blood pump 18). (See FIG. 1).

  The tube 50 branched from the tube 47 is connected to the second port 23 b of the third on-off valve 23, and the first port 23 a of the third on-off valve 23 is connected to the second port 20 b of the temporary storage bag 20 by the tube 53. Connected. That is, the second port 19b of the centrifuge bowl 19 and the temporary storage bag 20 are connected by the fourth line (tube 47, tube 50, third on-off valve 23, and tube 53).

  The first port 20 a of the temporary storage bag 20 is connected to the second port 17 b of the second on-off valve 17 by a tube 54. The first port 17 a of the second on-off valve 17 is connected to the tube 42 by the tube 43. That is, the temporary storage bag 20 and the tube 42 are connected by the fifth line (the tube 43, the second on-off valve 17, and the tube 54). Thereby, the temporary storage bag 20 is connected so as to selectively communicate with the inlet side or the outlet side of the centrifuge bowl 19.

  On the other hand, the tube 49 is further branched into two tubes 51, 52, the tube 51 is connected to the airbag 28 via the fifth on-off valve 26, and the tube 52 is connected to the platelet intermediate via the sixth on-off valve 27. It is connected to the back (third container) 29. That is, the second port 19b of the centrifuge bowl 19 and the platelet intermediate bag 29 are connected by the sixth line (tube 47, tube 49, tube 52, and sixth open / close valve 27). Thereby, the platelet intermediate bag 29 is connected so as to selectively communicate with the outlet side of the centrifuge bowl 19.

  A turbidity sensor 21 and a pressure sensor 22 for detecting the concentration of platelets are attached to a tube 47 connected to the second port 19b of the centrifuge bowl 19. The turbidity sensor 21 detects the degree to which the plasma passing through the tube 47 becomes turbid with platelets. In addition, an interface sensor 38 for detecting the interface position of the buffy coat layer BC formed in the centrifugal bowl 19 is attached to the peripheral portion to which the centrifugal bowl 19 is attached.

  The tube 55 exiting from the platelet intermediate bag 29 is branched into two tubes 56, 57. The tube 56 is connected to the input port 30 a of the seventh open / close valve 30, and the tube 57 is the output port of the third blood pump 34. 34a is connected. The input port 34 b of the third blood pump 34 is connected to the platelet storage liquid bottle by the bottle needle 35 through the sterilization filter 40. The output port 30b of the seventh on-off valve 30 is connected to the platelet bag 32 via the leukocyte removal filter X. An air bag 33 is connected to the platelet bag 32.

  On the other hand, an output port of the ACD pump 36 is connected in the middle of the donor tube 12. An input port of the ACD pump 36 is connected to an output port of the sterilization filter 37. The input port of the sterilization filter 37 is connected to the ACD storage bottle by a bottle needle 39.

  Here, as shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 2 is configured by a microcomputer, for example, and includes a first blood pump 13, a second blood pump 18, a third blood pump 34, a centrifugal bowl drive device 15, and an ACD pump. 36, turbidity sensor 21, interface sensor 38, pressure sensors 14, 22, first on-off valve 16, second on-off valve 17, third on-off valve 23, fourth on-off valve 24, fifth on-off valve 26, sixth on-off opening The valve 27 and the seventh on-off valve 30 are electrically connected.

  Then, detection signals from the sensors 14, 21, 22, and 38 are input to the control unit 2 as needed. The control unit 2 controls the operation / stop, rotation direction (forward / reverse rotation) and rotation speed of each pump 13, 18, 34, 36 based on these detection signals and the like, and each on-off valve as necessary. 16, 17, 23, 24, 26, 27, 30, and operation of the centrifuge bowl drive device 15 are controlled.

  Examples of the constituent material of the tube include various thermoplastic elastomers such as polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester such as PET and PBT, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polyurethane, and polyester elastomer. Of these, polyvinyl chloride is particularly preferred. Polyvinyl chloride provides sufficient flexibility and flexibility, is easy to handle, and is suitable for clogging with a clamp or the like.

  As the material constituting the bag, a polymer obtained by polymerizing and copolymerizing olefins or diolefins such as soft polyvinyl chloride, polyolefin, ethylene, propylene, butadiene, and isoprene in which DEHP is used as a plasticizer can be used. Examples thereof include ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), polymer blends of EVA and various thermoplastic elastomers, and any combination thereof. Furthermore, PET, PBT, PCGT, etc. can be used. Among these, polyvinyl chloride is particularly suitable, but a container for storing platelets preferably has excellent gas permeability in order to improve the storage stability of platelets, and polyolefin, DnDP plasticized polyvinyl chloride, etc. are used. It is preferable to use a sheet having a reduced thickness.

  Here, the centrifugal bowl will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing the structure of the centrifuge bowl. In FIG. 15, the right side of the center line is a cross-sectional view, and the left side is a dotted line showing an external view.

  In the blood component separation apparatus 1, a fixed portion 70 that is a fixed portion that does not rotate is formed with a first port 19a that is an inflow port and a second port 19b that is an outflow port. A cover 71 and an inflow pipe 62 extending downward are connected to the fixed portion 70. A side wall 73, an outer shell 78, an inner shell 79, and a bottom plate 61 are rotatably held integrally with these fixed portions. The bottom plate 61 is adsorbed by the centrifugal bowl driving device 15 and is given a rotational force by the centrifugal bowl driving device 15. FIG. 15 shows a state in which whole blood is supplied from the first port 19a into the centrifuge bowl 19 and blood components are separated by centrifugal force.

  That is, in the space formed by the outer shell 78 and the side wall 73, the red blood cell layer RBC, the white blood cell layer WBC, the buffy coat layer BC, the platelet layer PLT, and the plasma layer PPP are arranged from the outside in descending order of specific gravity due to centrifugal force. It is formed. Here, since the white blood cell layer WBC and the platelet layer PLT are close in specific gravity and difficult to separate, there exists a buffy coat layer BC including the white blood cell layer WBC and the platelet layer PLT. In general, the breakdown of whole blood is about 55% for plasma PPP, about 43.2% for red blood cell RBC, about 1.35% for white blood cell WBC, and about 0.45% for platelet PLT. In the centrifuge bowl 19, since the outflow passage 63 formed slightly above the midpoint of the inflow pipe 62 is formed in the inner peripheral portion, it is formed in the inner periphery in the space formed by the outer shell 78 and the side wall 73. It flows out of the centrifuge bowl 19 through the outlet 19b from the plasma layer PPP.

  Next, regarding the operation of the blood component separation device 1 having the above configuration, a flowchart is shown in FIG. The purpose of this device is to collect high-concentration platelet fluid. In FIG. 16, operation | movement and an effect | action of the blood component separation apparatus 1 are shown as process drawing in time series. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the first step. Among the pumps, a white display indicates a pump that is operating, and a black one indicates a pump that is stopped. Further, among the on-off valves, white valves indicate an open state, and black ones indicate a closed state.

  First, the priming step (S1) of FIG. 18 is performed. The ACD pump 36 and the first blood pump 13 are driven, and an ACD solution for preventing blood coagulation is supplied to the centrifuge bowl 19 through the opened first on-off valve 16, and the centrifuge bowl 19 and the first blood pump 13 are supplied. 1 A priming step (first step) of the blood pump 13 or the like is performed. The priming is a process in which an ACD solution is previously attached to a portion that comes into contact with blood such as the donor tube 12, the first blood pump 13, and the centrifuge bowl 19 so that the blood does not coagulate when flowing. From the priming step, the centrifugal bowl 19 is rotated at a predetermined rotational speed by the centrifugal bowl driving device 15.

  When the priming step (S1) is completed, the blood collection needle 11 is punctured by the blood donor, and collection of whole blood is started (S2). First, after the blood collection needle 11 is punctured into the blood donor, the primary blood is collected in the primary blood collection bag 82 in the primary blood collection circuit. At this time, the branch portion 87 provided on the donor tube 12 is configured to connect the blood collection needle 11 and the initial blood collection line 88 at first. When a predetermined amount of blood is stored in the initial blood collection bag, the initial blood line 88 is closed by the clamp 90, and a flow path on the first blood pump 13 side of the donor tube 12 is secured.

  Also at this time, the ACD pump 36 is driven, the ACD solution is supplied to the donor tube 12, mixed with the whole blood, and the whole blood is supplied to the centrifuge bowl 19. When whole blood is supplied to the rotating centrifuge bowl 19, as shown in FIG. 3, it is pushed by the plasma from the outflow passage 63 located in the inner peripheral portion of the centrifuge bowl 19, and the air in the centrifuge bowl 19 is (Indicated by dotted lines) flows out. The air that has flowed out is stored in the airbag 28 via the opened fifth on-off valve 26. In the centrifuge bowl 19, as shown in FIG. 15, the whole blood is separated into each component by applying a centrifugal force to the supplied whole blood in the bowl.

  Next, when the turbidity sensor 21 detects that the fluid flowing in the tube has changed from air to plasma, the fifth on-off valve 26 is closed and the fourth on-off valve 24 is opened as shown in FIG. The plasma overflowing from the centrifuge bowl 19 is stored in the plasma bag 25. This is the centrifugation step (S3). As shown in FIG. 15, only the plasma comes out from the centrifuge bowl 19 at the beginning.

  Next, when a certain amount of plasma (30 ml in this embodiment) is stored in the plasma bag 25 (S4: YES), the second blood pump 18 is driven as shown in FIG. And the plasma stored in the plasma bag 25 is mixed with the whole blood and supplied to the centrifuge bowl 19 (S5). This is the third step (critical flow step). This is the critical flow period TE shown in FIG.

  Next, when the interface sensor 38 detects that the interface between the buffy coat BC and the red blood cell RBC in FIG. 15 has reached a predetermined position (S6: YES), as shown in FIG. A circulation / acceleration step in which the plasma in the plasma bag 25 is returned to the plasma bag 25 again through the second blood pump 18, the centrifugal bowl 19, and the fourth open / close valve 24 with the second blood pump 18 being closed. Among them, the circulation step (fourth step) is performed. It is the circulation period TF shown in FIG.

  At the same time, it is determined whether or not the current cycle is the final cycle. If the current cycle is not the final cycle (S7: NO), the second on-off valve 17 is opened, the state in which the first blood pump 13 is driven is maintained, and the temporary storage back In 20, the collected whole blood is stored (S11). In other words, the collection of whole blood is continued by storing the whole blood collected in the temporary storage bag 20. The whole blood is continuously collected until the circulation / acceleration process is completed or until a predetermined amount of time is reached. In the case of the final cycle (S7: YES), the first blood pump 13 is stopped and blood collection is stopped (S8).

  In the circulation step of the circulation / acceleration step of this embodiment, the circulation rate is made faster than the critical flow step, and plasma is passed through the centrifuge bowl 19 at a rate of about 100 ml / min for about 30 to 40 seconds. Circulate. Thereby, the particulate matter concentration in the buffy coat layer BC of FIG. 15 is reduced, and the white blood cell layer WBC having a higher specific gravity than the platelets is deposited outside the buffy coat layer BC. That is, the platelet layer PLT and the leukocyte layer WBC can be more clearly separated.

  Next, after performing the circulation process for a certain time, the process enters the acceleration process (fifth process) of the circulation / acceleration processes shown in FIG. In the acceleration process, by controlling the rotation speed of the second blood pump 18, the rotation speed is gradually increased and the plasma flow rate is sequentially increased. In this example, the flow rate is increased starting from 100 ml / min, and the plasma flow rate is accelerated until platelets flow out. This is the acceleration period TG shown in FIG. In FIG. 18, the circulation process and the acceleration process are combined and expressed as a circulation / acceleration process (S9). In this acceleration step, in FIG. 15, the platelet PLT gains a force in the ascending direction and is discharged from the outflow passage 63 to the outside of the centrifuge bowl 19. Depending on this acceleration, the white blood cell layer WBC and the red blood cell layer RBC having large specific gravity do not exit from the outflow passage 63 because the centrifugal force is stronger.

  FIG. 17 shows changes in the concentration of platelets, white blood cells, and red blood cells flowing out. The horizontal axis is the time course at the time of platelet collection, and the vertical axis is the concentration of the blood cell component that flows out. At the beginning, there is platelet outflow (outflow period TA), the amount of platelet outflow increases gradually, and gradually decreases when the maximum flow rate is exceeded. Similarly, leukocytes gradually increase in outflow and decrease gradually after the maximum flow rate.

  Details of S9 are shown in FIG. 19 as a flowchart showing the operation of the blood component separation device 1. The platelet outflow period TA includes a low concentration period TB in which low-concentration platelet liquid flows out first, followed by a high concentration period TC in which high-concentration platelet liquid outflows, and then the low-concentration platelet liquid again. It can be divided into low concentration periods TD that flow out. Here, in order to obtain a high concentration platelet solution, a low concentration platelet solution is unnecessary.

  In this embodiment, in the acceleration step, as shown in FIG. 7, after the turbidity sensor 21 detects platelets, that is, when it is determined that it is the TB period (S21: YES), the fourth on-off valve 24 is closed. Then, the third on-off valve 23 is opened, and the platelet solution of the low concentration period TB of FIG. 17 is stored in the temporary storage bag 20 (S22). At this time, since whole blood is also flown into and stored in the temporary storage bag 20, the low-concentration platelet liquid is stored in the temporary storage bag 20 in a state of being mixed with the whole blood. Also at this time, the drive of the first blood pump 13 is maintained, and the whole blood collected from the blood donor continues to be stored in the temporary storage bag 20. Here, the temporary storage bag 20 is used as a buffy coat bag simultaneously with the whole blood bag.

  Next, when the turbidity sensor 21 detects that the platelet liquid has a high concentration, it is determined that it is a TC period (S23: YES), and the third on-off valve 23 is closed as shown in FIG. Then, the sixth on-off valve 27 is opened. Thereby, the high-concentration platelet liquid that flows out during the high-concentration period TC can be stored in the platelet intermediate bag 29 (S24). When it is not the last cycle (S7: NO), the drive of the first blood pump 13 is maintained also at this time, and the whole blood collected from the blood donor continues to be stored in the temporary storage bag 20.

  Then, when a predetermined amount of high-concentration platelet liquid is stored in the platelet intermediate bag 29, it is determined that it is a TD period (S25: YES), and as shown in FIG. Is closed and the third on-off valve 23 is opened. Thereby, the low-concentration platelet liquid flowing out during the low-concentration period TD can be stored again in the temporary storage bag 20 (S26). When it is not the last cycle (S7: NO), the drive of the first blood pump 13 is maintained also at this time, and the whole blood collected from the blood donor continues to be stored in the temporary storage bag 20.

  Here, the amount of high-concentration platelet liquid stored in the platelet intermediate bag 29 can be easily adjusted by controlling the valve opening time of the sixth on-off valve 27 based on the flow rate of the platelet liquid flowing out from the centrifugal bowl 19. Can do. Details of the amount of high-concentration platelet fluid collected in each cycle will be described later.

  Next, when the collection of a predetermined amount of platelet liquid is completed, in other words, when a predetermined time has elapsed after the sixth on-off valve 27 is opened, it is determined that the TD period has ended (S27: YES), and platelets flow out. It is determined that the process has been completed, and the process returns to the blood return process shown in FIGS. 10 and 18 (S10, S13). That is, the rotation of the centrifugal bowl 19 is stopped, the second on-off valve 17 and the third on-off valve 23 are closed, the first on-off valve 16 and the fifth on-off valve 26 are opened, and the first blood pump 13 is reversely rotated. The blood return to return the blood remaining in the centrifugal bowl 19 to the blood donor is started. Here, the reverse speed of the first blood pump 13 is driven at twice the normal speed to shorten the blood return time. Further, if necessary, the second blood pump 18 is driven to return the plasma that has been collected too much and stored in the plasma bag 25.

  When the blood return is completed, in the case of the last cycle (S7: YES), all the processes are ended. If it is not the last cycle (S7: NO), the rotation of the centrifuge bowl 19 is started as shown in FIG. 11, the first blood pump 13 is rotated forward again, and blood collection is resumed. At this time, the second on-off valve 17 is opened, and the blood stored in the temporary storage bag 20 is also allowed to flow into the centrifuge bowl 19 at the same time (S14). The liquid supply from the temporary storage bag 20 may use a drop, or, as shown in FIG. 11, a blood pump 41 (indicated by a dotted line) between the second on-off valve 17 and the first on-off valve 16. ) May be used.

  Next, when it is confirmed that all of the blood in the temporary storage bag 20 has returned to the centrifuge bowl 19 and that a predetermined amount of plasma has been stored in the plasma bag 25 (S4: YES), FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the second on-off valve 17 is closed and the second blood pump 18 is driven to start the plasma critical flow process, and the process continues to the process of FIG. 6 (circulation process). This cycle is usually performed for 3 or 4 cycles until a predetermined amount of platelets is secured. In the present embodiment, 100 ml of platelets is secured.

  In addition, when it complete | finishes in 3 cycles, during the circulation period TF2 of the 2nd cycle and the acceleration period TG2, blood is collected in parallel and the whole blood is stored in the temporary storage bag 20. At the time of blood collection in the third cycle, the blood in the temporary storage bag 20 is mixed with the whole blood and supplied to the centrifuge bowl 19. In the third cycle, blood is not collected during the circulation period TF3 and the acceleration period TG3. This is because there is no fourth cycle. In the case of completing in 3 cycles, when the blood return in the third cycle is completed, the blood collection needle 11 is removed from the blood donor, and the blood collection is completed.

  Here, collection of high-concentration platelet liquid collected in the platelet intermediate bag 29 in each cycle will be described. As described above, the amount of platelets flowing out of the centrifuge bowl 19 gradually increases when the outflow starts, and gradually decreases when the maximum flow rate is exceeded. The concentration of the blood component that flows out gradually increases from a low concentration to a high concentration, and gradually decreases after the concentration peak (see FIG. 17). Although there are individual differences in the outflow curve of such blood components, it is possible to estimate what kind of outflow curve the blood donor will have based on the blood count value of the blood donor.

  For example, a PLT value (platelet count (concentration)) or an HCT value (hematocrit value) may be used as a blood count value used for estimating the outflow curve.

In this embodiment, the PLT value and the HCT value are used as blood count values, and the collection timing of high-concentration platelet liquid is set. This collection timing setting method will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 20 shows map data for determining the timing of collecting high-concentration platelet liquid in the first cycle when collecting 10 units of platelets (2.0 × 10e ¹¹ pieces) in 4 cycles. FIG. FIG. 21 is a diagram showing the timing of collecting high-concentration platelet liquid and the concentration of platelet liquid in the first cycle. FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the timing of collecting high-concentration platelet liquid and the concentration of platelet liquid in the second cycle. FIG. 23 is a diagram showing map data for determining the timing of collecting high-concentration platelet liquid in the first cycle when collection is completed in three cycles.

  First, a case where 100 ml (each cycle 25 ml) of platelet PLT is secured in 4 cycles will be described. In this case, the PLT value and hematocrit value of the blood donor obtained from the primary blood collected in the primary blood collection bag 82 are input to the blood component separation apparatus 1. Then, referring to the map data shown in FIG. 20 stored in advance in blood component separation apparatus 1, the platelet concentration at which the collection of high-concentration platelet fluid in the first cycle is started from the input PLT value and HCT value. It is determined.

For example, when collecting 10 units of platelets (2.0 × 10e ¹¹ cells) in 4 cycles, if the donor's PLT value is 25 × 10e ⁴ / μL and the HCT value is 36%, The collection start timing of the high-concentration platelet liquid in the first cycle of the blood donor is set when the platelet concentration detected by the turbidity sensor 21 becomes 134 to 125 × 10e ⁴ / μL.

  In the present embodiment, the collection start timing of the high-concentration platelet liquid is determined using the PLT value and the HCT value, but the high-concentration platelet liquid is used only using either the PLT value or the HCT value. It is also possible to determine the sampling start timing. Alternatively, as a “blood count value stored in advance as a blood count value” for determining the timing of starting collection of high-concentration platelet fluid, a value (such as a PLT value) obtained from a donor's previous blood donation or the initial value A value obtained from blood flow (such as a PLT value) may be used.

  Then, by starting the collection at the timing determined in this manner, as shown in FIG. 21, each of the high-concentration platelet liquid flowing out of the centrifuge bowl 19 at the start time Ts1 and the end time Te1 is collected. The platelet liquid concentrations Cs1 and Ce1 at the timing are substantially equal. That is, when collecting 25 ml in the first cycle, it is possible to accurately select a period in which the platelet concentration is high, as is apparent from a comparison between FIG. 21 and FIG. Thereby, since the collection timing of a high concentration platelet liquid can be optimized, more platelets can be collected.

  Subsequently, in the second and subsequent cycles, the start timing of collection of high-concentration platelet fluid is corrected when the platelet concentration at the start of platelet fluid collection in the immediately preceding cycle reaches the average value at the end of collection. The Specifically, for example, in the second cycle, as shown in FIG. 22, the average value Cm (= (Cs1 + Ce1) / of the platelet concentration Cs1 at the start of the collection of platelet fluid and the concentration Ce1 at the end of the collection in the first cycle. It will be corrected when 2)). That is, in the second cycle, collection of high-concentration platelet liquid is started from time Ts2, and collection of high-concentration platelet liquid is completed at time Te2.

  Thus, if there is a deviation between the platelet concentrations Cs1 and Ce1 at the collection start time Ts1 and the end time Te1 in the first cycle, the timing at which the second cycle collection start is corrected so as to eliminate the deviation. it can.

  Thereafter, in the third cycle and the fourth cycle, the start timing of collecting high-concentration platelet liquid is corrected in each cycle in the same manner as in the second cycle described above, and high-concentration platelet liquid is collected in each cycle. Is called. By such simple control, it is possible to further optimize the collection timing of a predetermined blood component having a high concentration after the second cycle. Thereby, in the second cycle and thereafter, the collection timing of the high-concentration platelet liquid can be further optimized, so that more platelets can be collected.

  When the collection of high-concentration platelet liquid is completed, first, the third blood pump 34 is driven, and an appropriate amount of platelet storage liquid is injected into the platelet intermediate bag 29 by the bottle needle 35 connected to the platelet storage liquid bottle. To do. Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 13, the seventh on-off valve 30 is opened, and high-concentration platelet solution and platelet storage solution stored in a predetermined amount (for example, 100 ml in the present embodiment) in the platelet intermediate bag 29 are stored. Injected into the platelet bag 32 through the leukocyte removal filter X. At this time, the air present in the platelet bag 32 moves to the airbag 33.

  After confirming that all of the high-concentration platelet liquid stored in the platelet intermediate bag 29 has come out, as shown in FIG. 14, the third blood pump 34 is driven and connected to the platelet storage liquid bottle. With the bottle needle 35, the platelet preservation solution remaining in the platelet preservation solution bottle is injected into the platelet bag 32 through the sterilization filter 40 and the leukocyte removal filter X. Thereby, the high-concentration platelet liquid that has been filtered and remains in the leukocyte removal filter X is collected. Thereafter, the two tubes of the platelet bag are sealed. Thereby, the platelet bag 32 in which high-concentration platelet liquid is stored is completed.

  Next, a case where 100 ml of platelet PLT in 3 cycles (for example, 33 ml in the first and second cycles and 34 ml in the third cycle) is secured will be described. In this case, the same method as that for securing the platelet PLT in the above four cycles is performed. That is, the PLT value and the HCT value of the blood donor obtained from the primary blood collected in the primary blood collection bag 82 are input to the blood component separation apparatus 1. Then, referring to the map data shown in FIG. 23 stored in advance in the blood component separation device 1, the platelet concentration at which the collection of high-concentration platelet fluid in the first cycle is started from the input PLT value and HCT value. It is determined.

For example, when the donor's PLT value is 25 × 10e ⁴ / μL and the HCT value is 42%, the start timing of collection of high-concentration platelet fluid in the first cycle of the donor is determined by the turbidity sensor 21. This is set when the platelet concentration detected in (1) reaches 84 to 75 × 10e ⁴ / μL. In the second and third cycles, correction is made when the start timing of the collection of high-concentration platelet fluid reaches the average value of the platelet concentration at the start of platelet collection and the concentration at the end of collection in the immediately preceding cycle. The

  In this way, even when 100 ml of platelet PLT is secured in three cycles, the collection timing of a high-concentration platelet liquid can be optimized, so that more platelets can be collected.

  As described above, according to the blood component separation device 1 according to the present embodiment, the platelet concentration at each timing of flowing out from the centrifuge bowl 19 at the start timing and end timing of collection of high-concentration platelet liquid. Based on the map data related to the blood count value stored in advance, the start timing of collecting high-concentration platelet fluid is determined from the blood count value of the supplier. As a result, when collecting a predetermined amount of high-concentration platelet liquid, a period during which the platelet concentration is high can be accurately selected. Therefore, the collection timing of the high-concentration platelet liquid can be optimized, so that more platelets can be collected.

  It should be noted that the above-described embodiment is merely an example and does not limit the present invention in any way, and various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, in the above-described embodiment, the case where BC recycling is performed is illustrated, but the present invention can also be applied to the case where BC recycling is not performed.

  Further, in the above-described embodiment, it has been described that whole blood is collected in parallel with the circulation flow step and the acceleration step. However, a changeover switch is provided in the blood component separation device so that the whole blood is collected in parallel. The implementation may be stopped and the same as before.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the buffy coat bag and the whole blood bag are combined in the temporary storage bag 20, but the buffy coat bag and the whole blood bag may be provided in parallel as separate bags. good.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Blood component separation apparatus 2 Control part 10 Blood component separation circuit 13a 1st port 13b 2nd port 15 Centrifugal bowl drive device 19 Centrifugal bowl 20 Temporary storage bag 21 Turbidity sensor 25 Plasma bag 28 Air bag 29 Platelet intermediate bag 32 Platelet bag 33 Airbag 38 Interface sensor PLT Platelet WBC White blood cell BC Buffy coat RBC Red blood cell

Claims (6)

Blood having a centrifuge for separating a plurality of predetermined blood components from blood and a container for storing the centrifuged predetermined blood components, and performing a plurality of cycles of collecting each of the plurality of separated blood components In the component separator,
A pre-stored blood count value or a pre-stored blood count value so that the concentration of the predetermined blood component at each timing of flowing out from the centrifuge is equal at the sampling start timing and end timing in the predetermined blood component sampling step A blood component separation apparatus comprising: a step of determining a start timing of the predetermined blood component collection step from a blood count value of a blood donor based on map data relating to a concentration of the predetermined blood component. In the blood component separation device according to claim 1,
A blood component separation device, wherein the start timing of the predetermined blood component collection step after the second cycle is corrected based on the start timing and end timing of the predetermined blood component collection step in the immediately preceding cycle . The blood component separation device according to claim 2,
The start timing of the predetermined blood component collection process in the second cycle and thereafter is determined based on the predetermined blood component concentration at the start of the predetermined blood component collection process in the immediately preceding cycle and the predetermined blood component concentration at the end. The blood component separation device is corrected when the average value is reached. In the blood component separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
a) a centrifugation step of introducing whole blood collected from a donor into a centrifuge and separating it into a plurality of blood components;
b) a circulating flow step of introducing a first blood component out of the predetermined blood components separated by the centrifugation out of the centrifuged blood components into the centrifuge together with whole blood;
c) After the predetermined amount of the first blood component is separated in the circulation flow step, the supply of whole blood to the centrifuge is stopped, and only the first blood component is introduced into the centrifuge. Then, after further circulating for a predetermined time, the second blood component is separated and collected by the centrifuge by accelerating the circulation speed; and
d) in the circulation / acceleration step, after collecting a predetermined amount of the second blood component, returning the blood component not collected to the blood donor,
A blood component separation device, wherein the steps a) to d) are defined as one cycle, and the cycle is performed a plurality of times. The blood component separation device according to claim 4 ,
The circulation / acceleration process includes
A first sampling step of transferring a low-concentration second blood component of the second blood component to a temporary storage container;
A second collection step of collecting a second blood component having a high concentration among the second blood components,
The blood component separation device, wherein the low-concentration second blood component transferred to the temporary storage container is introduced into the centrifuge together with whole blood collected in the next cycle.

In the blood component separation device according to claim 1,
The predetermined blood component is platelets,
The blood component separation device according to claim 1, wherein the blood count is a hematocrit value or a platelet count.

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