JP6075205B2 - Vehicle power generation device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a vehicle power generation device mounted on a passenger car, a truck, or the like.

  Conventionally, a power generation control device in which a plurality of generators are operated in parallel is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this power generation control device, the field current control signal generated by the main generator is used for the field current control of the subordinate generator, thereby equalizing the load balance. For this purpose, two independent terminals, an external sensing terminal and an external output terminal, are provided.

International Publication No. 2012/029104

  By the way, the power generation control device disclosed in Patent Document 1 requires a dedicated interface for signals input / output via an external sensing terminal or an external output terminal, and therefore cannot be versatile. was there. Further, since it is necessary to provide two terminals, that is, an external sensing terminal and an external output terminal, there is a problem that it is difficult to reduce the cost by reducing the material cost of the terminal portion.

  The present invention has been created in view of such points, and the object thereof is to provide versatility when a plurality of vehicle generators are operated in parallel and to reduce costs. The object is to provide a power generator for a vehicle.

  In order to solve the above-described problems, a vehicle power generation device according to the present invention receives an external control device having a function of a master unit, command information transmitted from the external control device, and transmits information on the own device to the external control device. A main generator and a sub-generator having a slave unit function of transmitting toward

  The main generator includes voltage comparison means, main field control means, main power generation means, and communication means. The voltage comparison means outputs a duty ratio signal based on a comparison result between the adjustment voltage command received from the external control device and the output voltage of the own device. The main field control means adjusts the field current of its own device based on the duty ratio signal output from the voltage comparison means. The main power generation means generates an electromotive force based on the field current adjusted by the main field control means, and supplies electric power obtained by converting the electromotive force to direct current by the main rectifier to the on-vehicle electric load. The communication means transmits the duty ratio signal output from the voltage comparison means to the external control device.

The subordinate generator includes subordinate field control means and subordinate power generation means. When the command corresponding to the duty ratio signal is sent from the external control device, the subordinate field control means adjusts the field current of the own device based on this command. The subordinate power generation means generates an electromotive force based on the field current adjusted by the subordinate field control means, and supplies electric power obtained by converting the electromotive force into a direct current by the subordinate rectifier to the in-vehicle electric load.
The communication means described above transmits the averaged duty ratio signal to the external control device. A compensation means for adjusting the frequency characteristic of the duty ratio signal is provided between the voltage comparison means and the dependent field control means. The compensation means, the second time has a constant T _2, the constant T ₂ when the second first time constant T ₁ having the first field winding and the second field winding It is set to twice the size.

  When the main generator and the sub generator are operated in parallel, the main generator performs voltage feedback control using the adjustment voltage command of the external control device as a target value, and sends the duty ratio signal obtained here to the external control device Then, the field current is controlled by the slave generator based on the command based on the duty ratio signal received from the external control device via the external control device. This mechanism allows individual generators to be versatile, eliminates the need for special external sensing terminals and dedicated interfaces, and reduces costs. It is possible to easily construct an additional power supply source. In addition, since the performance of individual generators is not impaired, it is suitable for networking, and the expansion cost can be suppressed.

It is a figure which shows the structure of the vehicle electric power generating apparatus of one Embodiment. Is a diagram showing a waveform of a waveform and the field current If of the control signal V _G that is sent from the vehicle generator to ECU. It is a figure which shows the transfer function of electric power generation control. It is a figure which shows an example of a delay device.

  Hereinafter, a vehicle power generator according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied will be described with reference to the drawings. Drawing 1 is a figure showing the composition of the power generator for vehicles of one embodiment. The vehicle power generation device shown in FIG. 1 has an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) 1 as an external control device and two vehicle generators 2 and 3, which are connected via an in-vehicle network 4. Has been. As the in-vehicle network 4, for example, a communication method using a LIN (Local Interconnect Network) protocol is used. The output terminals (B 1, B 2 terminals) of the vehicle generators 2, 3 are connected to the battery 6 and the electric load 7 through the charging line 5.

  The ECU 1 has the function of a master unit, and in order to control the power generation of each of the vehicular generators 2 and 3, sends control information toward them and receives control information sent from them. .

  The vehicle generators 2 and 3 have the function of a slave unit, receive command information sent from the ECU 1, and send their own control information to the ECU 1. These vehicular generators 2 and 3 have the same generation power supply capability.

Figure 2 is a diagram showing a waveform of a waveform and the field current If of the control signal V _G that is sent from the vehicle generator 2 to the ECU 1.

  The vehicle generator 2 is a main generator that generates power based on an adjustment voltage command sent from the ECU 1. The vehicle generator 2 includes a communication interface 21, a signal processing circuit 22, a voltage comparison circuit 23, a field control circuit 24, a field winding 25, a stator winding 26, and a rectifier 27.

  The communication interface 21 receives an adjustment voltage command sent from the ECU 1. The signal processing circuit 22 converts the information code of the adjustment voltage command received by the communication interface 21 into the target value Vr. The converted target value Vr is input to the voltage comparison circuit 23.

The voltage comparison circuit 23 compares the target value Vr with the output voltage V _B of the vehicular generator 2 and, based on the comparison result, a control signal V _G (a logic signal for controlling the switch element 241 of the field control circuit 24). (FIG. 2)) is generated and input to the field control circuit 24 and the signal processing circuit 22, respectively.

  The field control circuit 24 includes a switch element 241 and a reflux element 242. The switch element 241 is configured by using a power transistor, the gate is connected to the output terminal of the voltage comparison circuit 23, the drain is connected to the output terminal (B1 terminal) of the vehicle generator 2, and the source is the reflux element. It is connected to the ground terminal (E1 terminal) of the vehicular generator 2 via 242. Further, the connection portion between the source of the switch element 241 and the return element 242 is connected to the field winding 25 via the F1 terminal. When the switch element 241 is turned on, a current flows through the field winding 25, and when the switch element 241 is turned off, the supply of this current is stopped.

  The return element 242 is configured using a diode (which may be replaced with a power transistor that performs an inverting operation of the switch element 241), and returns the current flowing through the field winding 25 when the switch element 241 is turned off. Let

  The field winding 25 is wound around a field pole (not shown) to form a rotor, and a field current is supplied from the field control circuit 24 via the F1 terminal to generate a field.

  The stator winding 26 is a multiphase winding (for example, a three-phase winding) and is wound around the stator core to form a stator. The stator winding 26 is caused by a change in the magnetic field generated by the field winding 25. Generate power. An AC output induced in the stator winding 26 is supplied to the rectifier 27.

  The rectifier 27 performs full-wave rectification on the AC output of the stator winding 26. The output of the rectifier 27 is taken out as the output of the vehicle generator 2 and supplied to the battery 6 and the electric load 7 through the charging line 5.

In addition to the conversion from the adjustment voltage command information code to the target value Vr, the signal processing circuit 22 converts the control signal V _G output from the voltage comparison circuit 23 into numerical data and converts it into numerical data. The control information of the vehicle generator 2 is transmitted to the ECU 1 via For example, the control signal V _G shown in FIG. 2, one period T and the on-time t _ON and measured by each counter or the like, the duty ratio D = t _ON / T of t _ON is obtained. If the period T is constant, the duty ratio D may be obtained by measuring only the on time t _ON .

Also, when the digitized control signal V _G by the signal processing circuit 22 may be averaging a duty ratio D. By using the duty ratio D subjected to the averaging process, it is possible to easily digitize the transmitted / received signals, and it is possible to operate the plurality of generators 2 and 3 in a balanced manner (while maintaining the power generation ratio). It becomes possible.

The vehicle generator 3 is a dependent generator that generates power based on a duty ratio command (for example, a duty ratio D corresponding to the control signal V _G of the vehicle generator 2 described above) sent from the ECU 1. The vehicle generator 3 includes a communication interface 31, a signal processing circuit 32, a voltage comparison circuit 33, a field control circuit 34, a field winding 35, a stator winding 36, and a rectifier 37.

The communication interface 31 receives a duty ratio command sent from the ECU 1. The signal processing circuit 32 converts the information code of the duty ratio command received by the communication interface 31 into a control signal V _G corresponding to the duty ratio D. The converted control signal V _G is input to the field control circuit 34 without passing through the voltage comparison circuit 33.

The field control circuit 34 includes a switch element 341 and a reflux element 342. The switch element 341 is configured using a power transistor, the gate is connected to the output terminal of the signal processing circuit 32, the control signal V _G is input, and the drain is the output terminal (B2 terminal) of the vehicle generator 3. The source is connected to the ground terminal (E2 terminal) of the vehicle generator 3 via the reflux element 342. Further, the connection part between the source of the switch element 341 and the return element 342 is connected to the field winding 35 via the F2 terminal. When the switch element 341 is turned on, a current flows through the field winding 35. When the switch element 341 is turned off, supply of this current is stopped.

  The return element 342 is configured using a diode (which may be replaced with a power transistor that performs an inverting operation of the switch element 341), and returns the current flowing through the field winding 35 when the switch element 341 is turned off. Let

  The field winding 35 is wound around a field magnetic pole (not shown) to form a rotor, and a field current is supplied from the field control circuit 34 via the F2 terminal to generate a field.

  The stator winding 36 is a multi-phase winding (for example, a three-phase winding) and is wound around the stator core to form a stator. The stator winding 36 is caused by a change in the magnetic field generated by the field winding 35. Generate power. An AC output induced in the stator winding 36 is supplied to the rectifier 37.

  The rectifier 37 performs full-wave rectification on the AC output of the stator winding 36. The output of the rectifier 37 is taken outside as the output of the vehicle generator 3 and supplied to the battery 6 and the electric load 7 through the charging line 5.

  The ECU 1 transmits an adjustment voltage command to the vehicular generator 2 and receives duty ratio information from the vehicular generator 2. Further, the ECU 1 transmits the received duty ratio information to the vehicular generator 3 as a command value.

  The voltage comparison circuit 23 described above is the voltage comparison means, the field control circuit 24 is the main field control means, the rectifier 27 is the main rectifier, the stator winding 26 and the rectifier 27 are the main power generation means, the communication interface 21 is the communication means, The field control circuit 34 corresponds to the subordinate field control means, the rectifier 37 corresponds to the subordinate rectifier, and the stator winding 36 and the rectifier 37 correspond to the subordinate power generation means.

The vehicular power generation apparatus of the present embodiment has such a configuration. Next, a specific transfer function of power generation control will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a transfer function of power generation control. In the power generation control example showing the transfer function in FIG. 3, a part of the control of the vehicular generators 2 and 3 that are operated in parallel is represented by a block diagram. In order to realize the control example shown in FIG. 3, a duty ratio signal is provided between the voltage comparison circuit 23 of the vehicular generator 2 that is a main generator and the field control circuit 34 of the vehicular generator 3 that is a subordinate generator. A delay device 1021 is inserted as compensation means for adjusting the frequency characteristic of V _G (duty ratio D). The delay device 1021 is realized by the ECU 1.

The power generation by the vehicular power generator of this embodiment that operates the vehicular generators 2 and 3 in parallel has a power supply configuration as a parallel combination of the two transfer functions 101 and 102 shown in FIG. Here, the transfer function 101 is a transfer function of the vehicle generator 2 having the duty ratio D as an input signal and P ₁ as an output signal, and includes a delay element of the field winding 25. The transfer function 102 is a transfer function of the vehicle generator 3 having the duty ratio D as an input signal and P ₂ as an output signal, and includes a delay element (delayor) 1021 passing through the ECU 1 and the field winding 35. A delay element 1022 is coupled in series.

  Next, a specific operation of the vehicle power generation device of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.

  When an ignition switch (not shown) of the vehicle is turned on, an engine (not shown) is started and the ECU 1 starts controlling the vehicle generators 2 and 3.

  The ECU 1 determines an adjustment voltage command value based on a comparison result between a characteristic value obtained by various sensors or the like and a preset reference value. The adjustment voltage command value is converted into an information code corresponding to the communication method and transmitted to the in-vehicle network 4.

  The communication interface 21 of the vehicle generator 2 receives the information code transmitted to the in-vehicle network 4 and extracts an adjustment voltage command value from the information code. Then, the signal processing circuit 22 converts the extracted command value into the reference voltage Vr and inputs it to the voltage comparison circuit 23.

The voltage comparison circuit 23 outputs a control signal V _G for controlling the field current based on the reference voltage Vr and the output voltage V _B of the vehicle generator 2. This control signal V _G is distributed and one is sent to the field control circuit 24 and the other is sent to the signal processing circuit 22.

Field control circuit 24 of the vehicle generator 2 is switched element 241 is turned on when the (control signal V _G is high by switching the switching element 241 based on the control signal V _G, the switch at a low level The element 241 is turned off), and the current flowing through the field winding 25 is adjusted. Thereby, the output voltage of the generator 2 for vehicles is controlled by the adjustment voltage based on instruction | command.

In parallel with the above-described operation, the ECU 1 transmits the duty ratio information acquired from the vehicle generator 2 to the vehicle generator 3. The field control circuit 34 of the vehicle generator 3 adjusts the current flowing through the field winding 35 by switching the switch element 341 based on the control signal V _G used in the vehicle generator 2. As a result, the output current of the vehicular generator 3 is controlled to a duty ratio based on the command. In this way, the two vehicle generators 2 and 3 can supply power in a balanced manner according to the power demand of the battery 6 and the electric load 7.

  For information communication between the ECU 1 and the vehicle generators 2 and 3, for example, data is transmitted from the ECU 1 at a cycle of 10 ms, and the data is received by the vehicle generators 2 and 3. Data is transmitted from the vehicle generators 2 and 3 at a cycle of 10 ms, and the ECU 1 receives the data. Such data communication is repeated, and information is exchanged by exchanging data alternately between the ECU 1 and the vehicle generator 2 or between the ECU 1 and the vehicle generator 3 at regular intervals. This communication itself is a communication method that has been performed conventionally (for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-325085), and detailed description thereof is omitted.

  Next, a specific operation corresponding to the transfer function shown in FIG. 3 will be described. In the case where the two vehicular generators 2 and 3 having the same structure are operated in parallel, in this embodiment, the delay time of the control in each is taken into consideration.

When the time constant T ₂ of the delay device 1021 is set to a magnitude that is about twice (for example, twice) the time constant T ₁ of the field windings 25 and 35, the transfer function P ₃ (s) of the power supply configuration coupled in parallel. / D (s) is
P ₃ (s) / D (s) = 2G (s) / (T ₂ s + 1) (1)
Represented as: Here, s is a complex frequency.

By matching the circuit structure including the two time constants T ₁ and T ₂ to the characteristics of the circuit structure having one time constant T ₂ equivalently, the supply power can be stabilized. Furthermore, a stable voltage can be supplied by combining with the voltage feedback control described above.

(About the time constant T ₁ of the field windings 25 and 35)
When the inductance of the field windings 25 and 35 is Lf and the resistance is Rf, the time constant T ₁ of the field windings 25 and 35 is Lf / Rf.

(About the time constant T ₂ of the delay device 1021)
For example, consider a case where an RC circuit using a resistor having a resistance value R ₁ and a capacitor having a capacitance value C ₂ shown in FIG. The time constant T ₂ of this RC circuit is R ₁ C ₂ . A digital delay device that performs the same operation equivalently may be used. In the above-described example, the delay unit 1021 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this. Instead of delay, delay compensation for adjusting frequency characteristics (size, phase), advance compensation, advance / delay compensation, and the like may be performed.

In the vehicular power generator shown in FIG. 1, the control signal V _G of the vehicular generator 2 is used to obtain the duty ratio information, but from the connection portion (F1 terminal) between the field winding 25 and the switch element 241. You may make it utilize the signal obtained.

By biasing the field control circuits 24 and 34 with the output voltage V _B (constant voltage) of the vehicle generator 2 adjusted to the target value (V _REG ), the field current If can be adjusted by the duty ratio D. it can. Specifically, when Rf is the resistance value of the field windings 25 and 35,
If = (V _B / Rf) D (2)
It becomes. Moreover, the magnitude of the maximum excitation current Ifmax can be varied by changing the setting of the target value (V _REG ) of the adjustment voltage. Further, the adjustment accuracy of the field current If can be increased by assembling the charging line 5 so that the scooping of the charging line 5 is the same in each vehicle.

It is desirable that the repetition period T of the duty ratio signal V _G is smaller than the time constant T ₁ of the field windings 25 and 35. The fluctuation range of the field current If can be reduced, and the averaging accuracy can be increased. In the example shown in FIG. 2, the average value of If can be handled as the magnitude of the duty ratio D. The average magnitude of the field current (the field current flowing in the field winding 25 or the field current flowing in the winding 35 by the field) is the pulse voltage of the duty ratio signal (V _G ). The time width (T, t _ON ) can be adjusted, and the average size and phase can be easily adjusted.

  Thus, in the vehicular power generator of this embodiment, when the main generator 2 and the subordinate generator 3 are operated in parallel, the main generator 2 performs voltage feedback control using the adjustment voltage command of the ECU 1 as a target value. The duty ratio signal obtained here is transmitted to the ECU 1, and the field current is controlled by the sub-generator 3 based on a command based on the duty ratio signal received from the ECU 1 via the ECU 1. By adopting such a mechanism, the individual generators 2 and 3 can be provided with versatility, a special external sensing terminal and a dedicated interface are unnecessary, and the cost can be reduced. It is possible to easily construct an additional power supply source by parallel operation. In addition, since the performances 2 and 3 of the individual generators are not impaired, it is suitable for networking and the extension cost can be suppressed.

  Moreover, since the main generator 2 and the subordinate generator 3 have the same generation power supply capability, the main generator 2 and the subordinate generator 3 can be operated in parallel with the same amount of power generation. It becomes. Further, a delay device 1021 is provided between the voltage comparison circuit 23 of the main generator 2 and the field control circuit 34 of the sub generator 3 as compensation means for adjusting the frequency characteristic of the duty ratio signal. By sharing the duty ratio signal generated by the main generator 2 with the subgenerator 3 and providing the delay device 1021, the magnitude or phase of the field current of the subgenerator 3 can be easily adjusted.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment, A various deformation | transformation implementation is possible within the range of the summary of this invention. For example, in the embodiment described above, one main generator 2 and one sub-generator 3 are combined, but two or more sub-generators 3 may be combined.

  According to the present invention, when the main generator and the subordinate generator are operated in parallel, the main generator performs voltage feedback control with the adjustment voltage command of the external control device as a target value, and the duty ratio signal obtained here Is transmitted to the external control device, and the field current is controlled based on a command based on the duty ratio signal received from the external control device by the slave generator via the external control device. This mechanism allows individual generators to be versatile, eliminates the need for special external sensing terminals and dedicated interfaces, and reduces costs. It is possible to easily construct an additional power supply source.

1 ECU
2 Main generator 3 Subordinate generator 7 Electric load 21 Communication interface 23 Voltage comparison circuit 24, 34 Field control circuit 26, 36 Stator winding 27, 37 Rectifier

Claims (3)

An external control device (1) having the function of a master unit, and main power generation having the function of a slave unit that receives command information transmitted from the external control device and transmits information on the own device to the external control device In a vehicle power generation device comprising a machine (2) and a subordinate generator (3),
The main generator is
Voltage comparison means (23) for outputting a duty ratio signal based on a comparison result between the adjustment voltage command received from the external control device and the output voltage of the own device;
Main field control means (24) for adjusting a field current flowing in the first field winding (25) of the device based on the duty ratio signal output from the voltage comparison means;
Main power generation means (26) for generating an electromotive force based on the field current adjusted by the main field control means, and for supplying electric power obtained by converting the electromotive force to a direct current by the main rectifier (27) to the on-vehicle electric load (7). 27)
Communication means (21) for transmitting the duty ratio signal output from the voltage comparison means to the external control device,
The subordinate generator is:
When a command corresponding to the duty ratio signal is sent from the external control device, dependent field control means for adjusting the field current flowing in the second field winding (35) of the own device based on the command. (34)
Dependent power generation means (36, 37) that generates an electromotive force based on the field current adjusted by the dependent field control means, and supplies the electric power obtained by converting the electromotive force to a direct current by the dependent rectifier (37) to the on-vehicle electric load. ) and, with a,
The communication means transmits the averaged duty ratio signal to the external control device,
Compensating means (1021) for adjusting a frequency characteristic of the duty ratio signal is provided between the voltage comparing means and the dependent field control means,
The compensation means has a second time constant T ₂ , and the second time constant T ₂ is a first time constant T that the first field winding and the second field winding have. ₁ of twice is set to a size vehicle generator apparatus according to claim Rukoto. In claim 1 ,
The main generator and the sub-generator have the same generation power supply capability. In claim 2 ,
The external control device, the main generator, and the sub generator are connected to each other via an in-vehicle network (4) ,
It said compensating means, the power generation device comprising a delay element der Rukoto passing through the external control device.

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