JP6062818B2 - Cathode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, method for producing the same, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a positive electrode active material used as a positive electrode material of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a method for producing the same.

  In recent years, with the widespread use of portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and notebook computers, development of small and lightweight secondary batteries having high energy density is strongly desired. In addition, development of a high output secondary battery as a power source for driving a motor, particularly a power source for transportation equipment, is also strongly desired.

  As a secondary battery satisfying such requirements, there is a lithium ion secondary battery which is a kind of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. This lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolytic solution, and the like, and a material capable of desorbing and inserting lithium is used as an active material used as a material for the negative electrode and the positive electrode.

  Various types of lithium ion secondary batteries are currently being actively researched and developed. Among them, lithium ion secondary batteries using a layered or spinel type lithium metal composite oxide as a positive electrode material, Since a high voltage of 4V class can be obtained, the battery is being put to practical use as a battery having a high energy density.

As a positive electrode material for such a lithium ion secondary battery, lithium cobalt composite oxide (LiCoO ₂ ), which is currently relatively easy to synthesize, lithium nickel composite oxide (LiNiO ₂ ) using nickel cheaper than cobalt, Lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide (LiNi _1/3 Co _1/3 Mn _1/3 O ₂ ), lithium manganese composite oxide using manganese (LiMn ₂ O ₄ ), lithium nickel manganese composite oxide (LiNi _0.5 Mn Lithium composite oxides such as _0.5 O ₂ ) have been proposed. Among these, lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide has attracted attention as a positive electrode material that has good cycle characteristics, low resistance, and high output. In addition, attempts have been made to improve the performance by introducing various additive elements into the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide.

Among these, studies focusing on the crystal form of lithium nickel-based composite oxides have also been made. For example, JP 2000-195514 A discloses a Miller index (hkl) in powder X-ray diffraction using CuKα rays. ) Is the ratio of the half width of the diffraction peak at the (003) plane (FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ ) to the half width of the diffraction peak at the (104) plane (FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ ) in FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / The integrated intensity (I) of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane relative to the integrated intensity (I ₍₀₀₃₎ ) of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane with FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ in the range of 0.75 to 0.9. ₍₁₀₄₎ ) is a layered structure trigonal lithium nickel composite oxide in which I ₍₁₀₄₎ / I ₍₀₀₃₎ , which is a ratio of 0.25 to 0.9, is disclosed. ing. In this positive electrode active material, high current discharge characteristics are improved by controlling the crystal growth direction.

  However, in these documents, it is not studied to improve the discharge characteristics and the like by controlling the crystal growth direction of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having a hexagonal layered structure. For this reason, there is still a problem that the lithium ions are prevented from diffusing due to the shrinkage of the crystal in a low temperature environment, and the output characteristics thereof are remarkably deteriorated. On the other hand, with the recent popularization of portable electronic devices and electric vehicles in recent years, secondary batteries used in these devices are assumed to be 0 ° C. to −30 on the assumption that they are used in severe usage environments such as cold regions. There is a demand for performance that can fully exhibit output characteristics even in an extremely low temperature environment of ℃.

  For example, in JP-A-2005-302338, while controlling the repose angle and the tapping density of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide within a predetermined range, while ensuring the amount of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode mixture, A technique for suppressing variation in electrode reaction under a low temperature environment by allowing a nonaqueous electrolytic solution to permeate the positive electrode active material is disclosed. JP-A-2005-158624 discloses that the secondary particles in a low-temperature environment are controlled by controlling the average particle size and pore volume ratio of the secondary particles of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide within a predetermined range. A technique for suppressing collapse and suppressing variation in electrode reaction is disclosed.

  In any of these lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxides, output characteristics and life performance under a low temperature environment are improved by suppressing variations in electrode reaction. However, it cannot be said that it has sufficient characteristics as a power source for portable electronic devices and transportation electronic devices that are actually used in a cryogenic environment of 0 ° C. to −30 ° C.

In contrast, JP 2013-51772 A discloses a half-value width (FWHM) of a diffraction peak on the (104) plane in a Miller index (hkl) in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern of a lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide. ₍₁₀₄₎ ), the half-width of the diffraction peak at the (003) plane (FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ ), that is, the value of FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is set to 0.7 or less, so that the charge depth It is described that (SOC) can exhibit high output characteristics even in an extremely low temperature environment of −30 ° C. with a low charge amount of 30% or less. However, in JP 2013-51772 A, only the value of FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is controlled, and the crystallinity itself is not taken into consideration, so that the battery characteristics cannot be sufficiently improved. There is a case.

  In view of the above, further improvement in output characteristics in a cryogenic environment is demanded for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.

JP 2000-195514 A JP 2005-302338 A JP 2005-158624 A JP2013-51772A

  In view of the above-described problems, the present invention improves the output characteristics of lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide having a hexagonal layered structure in use at a cryogenic environment, and is excellent even in such an environment. It aims at providing the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which has an output characteristic, the positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, and its manufacturing method.

Method of manufacturing a nonaqueous electrolyte positive electrode active material for a secondary battery of the present invention have the general _{formula: Ni x Co y Mn z M} t (OH) 2 + α (x + y + z + t = 1,0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M is Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo , One or more elements selected from Hf, Ta, and W) with respect to the total number of atoms of the metal elements constituting the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles. A mixing step of mixing a lithium compound such that the ratio of the number of lithium atoms is 0.95 to 1.20 to obtain a lithium mixture, and in an oxidizing atmosphere at a temperature range of at least 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. While the heating rate is 2 ° C./min to 10 ° C./min, the holding temperature The lithium mixture is fired under the conditions of 800 to 1000 ° C., a holding time at this holding temperature of 1 to 5 hours, and a time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding of 3 to 8 hours. And a firing step.

  The oxygen concentration in the oxidizing atmosphere is preferably 18% by volume to 100% by volume.

  Before the mixing step, it is preferable to include a heat treatment step of heat-treating the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles at 105 ° C. to 400 ° C., and the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles obtained in the firing step It is preferable to provide a crushing step for crushing.

The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is obtained by the above-described production method, and has a general formula: Li _{1 + s} Ni _x Co _y Mn _z M _t O ₂ (−0.05 ≦ s ≦ 0.20, x + y + z + t = 1, 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M Represents one or more elements selected from Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W), and is composed of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated. Of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane in the Miller index (hkl) in powder X-ray diffraction using hexagonal lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles having a layered structure and using CuKα rays Ratio of half width of diffraction peak at (003) plane to width is 0.300 or more It is 0.520 or less.

  The half width of the diffraction peak at the (003) plane of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles is 0.05 ° to 0.10 °, and the half width of the diffraction peak at the (104) plane is It is preferable that it is 0.10 degree-0.30 degree.

The average particle diameter of the lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide particles is 3Myuemu～20myuemu, also its specific surface area is preferably 0.3m ² /g~2.5m ² / g.

  The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is used as the positive electrode material of the positive electrode. It is characterized by.

  The positive electrode active material of the present invention makes it possible to provide a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery having excellent output characteristics even in an extremely low temperature environment of 0 ° C. to −30 ° C.

  In addition, according to the present invention, the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery having such high characteristics can be produced in a large amount by an easy method, and its industrial significance is extremely great.

FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cross section of a lithium ion secondary battery in which the present invention is used for battery evaluation.

  In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted extensive research on the influence of the powder properties of the positive electrode active material on the positive electrode resistance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in a cryogenic environment. When lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles (hereinafter referred to as “lithium composite oxide particles”) having a predetermined composition are used, the half-value width (FWHM: full width at half maximum) between crystal planes obtained from the results of X-ray diffraction ), The positive electrode resistance of the battery in a low temperature environment can be reduced. Furthermore, it has been found that the ratio of the half width between the crystal faces can be controlled by the firing conditions for obtaining the positive electrode active material. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

(1) Positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery The positive electrode active material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention has a general formula: Li _{1 + s} Ni _x Co _y Mn _z M _t O ₂ (−0.05 ≦ s ≦ 0.20, x + y + z + t = 1, 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05 , M is composed of lithium composite oxide particles represented by Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W). . In particular, the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention has the above composition and is composed of hexagonal lithium composite oxide particles having a layered structure, and in powder X-ray diffraction using CuKα rays. The ratio of the half-value width of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane to the half-value width of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane in the Miller index (hkl) is 0.300 or more and 0.520 or less. To do.

(composition)
The lithium composite oxide particles, which are positive electrode active materials for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of the present invention, are composed of substantially spherical secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, and the composition thereof is represented by the following general formula. To be adjusted.

General formula: Li _{1 + s} Ni _x Co _y Mn _z M _t O ₂
(−0.05 ≦ s ≦ 0.20, x + y + z + t = 1, 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M is one or more elements selected from Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W)
In the positive electrode active material of the present invention, the value of s indicating an excess amount of lithium (Li) is from −0.05 to 0.20, preferably from 0 to 0.20, more preferably from 0 to 0. 15 or less. If the value of s is less than -0.05, the reaction resistance of the positive electrode in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using this positive electrode active material increases, and the output of the battery decreases. On the other hand, when the value of s exceeds 0.20, the initial discharge capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using this positive electrode active material is reduced and the reaction resistance of the positive electrode is also increased.

  Nickel (Ni) is an additive element that contributes to an improvement in battery capacity. The value x indicating the nickel content is 0.3 or more and 0.7 or less, preferably 0.3 or more and 0.6 or less. If the value of x is less than 0.3, the battery capacity of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using this positive electrode active material will be reduced. On the other hand, if the value of x exceeds 0.7, the amount of other additive elements decreases, and the effect of addition may not be sufficiently obtained.

  Cobalt (Co) is an additive element that contributes to improving the cycle characteristics. The value of y indicating the cobalt content is 0.1 or more and 0.4 or less, preferably 0.2 or more and 0.35 or less. When the value of y is in the above range, the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material can have good cycle characteristics, that is, high durability characteristics. If the value of y is less than 0.1, sufficient cycle characteristics cannot be obtained, and the capacity retention rate decreases. On the other hand, if the value of y exceeds 0.4, the initial discharge capacity is greatly reduced.

  Manganese (Mn) is an additive element that contributes to the improvement of thermal stability. The value of z indicating the manganese content is 0.1 or more and 0.4 or less, preferably 0.2 or more and 0.35 or less. If the value of z is less than 0.1, the effect of addition cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the value of z exceeds 0.4, there arises a problem that the battery capacity decreases.

  Moreover, the positive electrode active material of the present invention is adjusted so as to contain the additive element (M) in the lithium composite oxide particles. By including the additive element (M), it is possible to improve the durability characteristics and output characteristics of a battery using the additive element as a positive electrode active material.

  Such additive elements (M) include calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), chromium (Cr), zirconium (Zr), and niobium (Nb). One or more elements selected from molybdenum (Mo), hafnium (Hf), tantalum (Ta), and tungsten (W) can be used. These additive elements (M) are appropriately selected according to the use of the secondary battery in which the obtained positive electrode active material is used and the required performance.

  The value of t indicating the content of the additive element (M) is 0.0003 or more and 0.05 or less, preferably 0.001 or more and 0.01 or less. If the value of t is less than 0.0003, durability characteristics and output characteristics cannot be improved. On the other hand, when the value of t exceeds 0.05, the metal element contributing to the Redox reaction decreases, and the battery capacity decreases.

  As will be described later, the additive element (M) is crystallized together with nickel, cobalt and manganese in the crystallization step, and in the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles (hereinafter referred to as “composite hydroxide particles”). Although it can be dispersed uniformly, the surface of the composite hydroxide particles may be coated with the additive element (M) after the crystallization step. Moreover, in a mixing process, it is also possible to mix with a lithium compound with a composite hydroxide particle, You may use these methods together. Regardless of which method is used, it is necessary to adjust the content so as to achieve the composition of the above general formula.

(Crystal structure)
The lithium composite oxide particles constituting the positive electrode active material of the present invention have a half-value width (FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎₎ of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane in the Miller index (hkl) in powder X-ray diffraction using CuKα rays. ) To (003) plane half-width (FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ ): FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is 0.300 or more and 0.520 or less, preferably 0.515 or less, More preferably, it should be 0.510 or less.

  The crystal structure of the lithium composite oxide particles of the present invention belongs to a hexagonal system having a layered structure. In this case, lithium ions are occluded or released from a direction orthogonal to the hexagonal c-axis. Here, the (003) plane in the Miller index (hkl) of powder X-ray diffraction using CuKα rays relates to the c-axis direction of the hexagonal system. The (104) plane relates to the direction orthogonal to the hexagonal c-axis.

In a state where FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is 0.520 or less, that is, in a state where the crystal growth in the direction orthogonal to the c-axis is small, the diffusion distance of lithium ions becomes short, and thus the obtained nonaqueous electrolyte It is considered that the reaction resistance in the secondary battery is lowered and the output characteristics are improved. On the other hand, if FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ exceeds 0.520, the crystal growth in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis becomes too large, so that the diffusion distance of lithium ions becomes long and the output characteristics deteriorate. Conceivable. In particular, in an extremely low temperature environment of 0 ° C. to −30 ° C. in which the diffusion rate of lithium ions is reduced, the influence of this diffusion distance is increased, so that the output characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are significantly reduced.

In order to improve the output characteristics, the smaller the crystal growth in the direction orthogonal to the c-axis, that is, the smaller the FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ , the better. Then, other battery characteristics may be deteriorated. For this reason, the practically lower limit of FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ including manufacturing restrictions is about 0.300, preferably about 0.350.

Further, in the lithium composite oxide particles constituting the positive electrode active material of the present invention, FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ is 0.05 ° to 0.10 ° and FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is 0.10 ° to 0.30 °. It is preferable. By individually controlling the FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ and the FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ within the above range, the crystallinity can be optimized for a secondary battery, and the resulting secondary battery has a superior output. Characteristics, charge / discharge capacity and cycle characteristics are realized. On the other hand, when either FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ or FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is smaller than the above range, the diffusion distance of lithium ions in the lithium composite oxide particles becomes long. Output characteristics may be degraded. On the other hand, when either FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ or FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is larger than the above range, the crystallinity of the lithium composite oxide particles is lowered, and thus the battery characteristics of the obtained secondary battery may be deteriorated. In order to improve battery characteristics, FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ is more preferably 0.055 ° to 0.095 °. Moreover, it is more preferable that FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is 0.105 ° to 0.290 °.

(Particle structure)
The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention comprises lithium composite oxide particles composed of substantially spherical secondary particles formed by agglomerating a plurality of primary particles. The shape of the primary particles constituting the secondary particles can take various forms such as a plate shape, a needle shape, a rectangular parallelepiped shape, an elliptical shape, and a ridge shape, and the aggregation state also aggregates in a random direction. In addition to the case, the present invention can also be applied to the case where the major axis direction of particles aggregates radially from the center. However, in order to improve the filling property of the positive electrode active material, the shape of the secondary particles is preferably spherical.

Moreover, the said secondary particle has the interface or grain boundary which electrolyte solution osmose | permeates between the primary particles which comprise this secondary particle. Therefore, the electrolyte solution can be penetrated to the surface of the primary particles where lithium ions are desorbed and inserted, and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ , FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ and FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ are controlled. Due to the synergistic effect, the output characteristics can be greatly improved. Such secondary particles can be easily obtained by a crystallization process as described later.

(Average particle size)
The lithium composite oxide particles preferably have an average particle size of 3 μm to 20 μm from the viewpoint of further improving the battery capacity, safety, and output characteristics of the obtained nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. More preferably, the thickness is 15 μm. Here, the average particle diameter means a volume-based average particle diameter (MV) obtained by a laser diffraction scattering method.

  When the average particle size is less than 3 μm, when the positive electrode of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is configured, the particle packing density may decrease, and the battery capacity per positive electrode volume may decrease. On the other hand, when the average particle size exceeds 20 μm, the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is reduced, and the interface with the electrolyte of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is reduced, so that the resistance of the positive electrode is increased and the output characteristics are lowered. There is a case.

(Specific surface area)
The specific surface area of the lithium composite oxide particles is preferably in a 0.3m ² /g~2.5m ² / g, and more preferably in the 0.5m ² /g~2.0m ² / g. If the specific surface area is less than 0.3 m ² / g, a sufficient reaction area with the electrolytic solution may not be ensured. On the other hand, when it exceeds 2.5 m ² / g, an excessive reaction between the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and the electrolytic solution may occur, and safety may be lowered. The specific surface area can be measured by the BET method using nitrogen gas adsorption.

(2) Method for Producing Positive Electrode Active Material for Nonaqueous Electrolyte Secondary Battery The method for producing a positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present invention is performed by adding a predetermined amount of lithium compound to composite hydroxide particles and mixing them. And a step of mixing to obtain a lithium mixture, and a step of firing the lithium mixture under predetermined conditions to obtain lithium composite oxide particles constituting a positive electrode active material. . However, in order to further improve the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material, it is preferable to additionally include a predetermined crystallization step, a heat treatment step and / or a crushing step. Hereinafter, it demonstrates for every process.

The (2-a) crystallization step the invention, as a precursor of the positive electrode active material, the general _{formula: Ni x Co y Mn z M} t (OH) 2 + α (x + y + z + t = 1,0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0. 7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M is Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb , Mo, Hf, Ta, and W or more) can be used.

  The composite hydroxide particles having such a composition are supplied with a mixed aqueous solution in which a metal compound of nickel, cobalt, manganese and an additive element (M) is dissolved and an ammonium ion supply so as to have a composition ratio represented by the above general formula. The aqueous solution containing the body is supplied to the reaction vessel while stirring, and in order to control the pH in the reaction vessel to a predetermined range, a predetermined amount of aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is supplied and crystallized. Can do.

  According to such a crystallization process, the shape of the obtained composite hydroxide particles can be made spherical. In the present invention, as such a crystallization method, either a continuous crystallization method or a batch crystallization method can be adopted. For example, a nucleation stage in which a core portion of the composite hydroxide particles is precipitated. And by adopting a batch crystallization method in which the particle growth stage in which the particles grow is clearly separated with the core as the center, the particle size of the obtained particles can be made uniform, which is preferable. .

(2-b) Heat treatment step In the production method of the present invention, the composite hydroxide particles may be subjected to a heat treatment before the mixing step, which will be described later, and then mixed with the lithium compound. Here, the heat treated particles include not only the composite hydroxide from which excess water has been removed in the heat treatment step, but also nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles (hereinafter referred to as “composite oxide particles” converted into oxides by the heat treatment step. Or a mixture thereof.

  In the heat treatment step, the composite hydroxide particles are heated to a temperature of 105 ° C. to 400 ° C. for heat treatment, thereby removing moisture contained in the composite hydroxide particles. By performing such a heat treatment step, moisture remaining in the particles until the firing step can be reduced to a certain amount, so that the number of atoms of each metal component in the obtained positive electrode active material and the number of lithium atoms Variation in the ratio of lithium can be prevented, and the lithium atom number ratio (Li / Me) can be stabilized.

  Note that in the heat treatment step, it is only necessary to remove moisture to such an extent that the number of atoms of each metal component in the positive electrode active material and the ratio of the number of lithium atoms does not vary, so that all composite hydroxide particles are not necessarily oxidized. There is no need to convert to physical particles. However, in order to reduce the variation in the number of atoms of each metal component and the ratio of the number of lithium atoms, all composite hydroxide particles are heated by heating above the decomposition condition of nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide. Is preferably converted into composite oxide particles.

  The heating temperature in the heat treatment step is 105 ° C to 400 ° C, preferably 150 ° C to 400 ° C. When the heating temperature is less than 105 ° C., excess moisture in the composite hydroxide particles cannot be removed, and variation may not be sufficiently suppressed. On the other hand, even if the heating temperature exceeds 400 ° C., it is not preferable because no further effect can be expected and the production cost increases. In addition, the said dispersion | variation can be suppressed by calculating | requiring beforehand each metal component contained in the heat processing particle by heat processing conditions by analysis, and determining ratio with a lithium compound.

  The atmosphere in which the heat treatment is performed is not particularly limited and may be a non-reducing atmosphere, but is preferably performed in an air stream that can be easily performed.

  In addition, the heat treatment time is not particularly limited, but if it is less than 1 hour, the excess moisture of the composite hydroxide particles may not be sufficiently removed, and therefore it is preferably at least 1 hour or more and more preferably 5 hours to 15 hours. preferable.

  The equipment used for such heat treatment is not particularly limited as long as the composite hydroxide particles can be heated in a non-reducing atmosphere, preferably in an air stream, and no electric gas is generated. Etc. are preferably used.

(2-c) Mixing step In the mixing step, the general formula: Ni _x Co _y Mn _z M _t (OH) _{2 + α} (x + y + z + t = 1, 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0 .4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M is Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W The number of atoms of the metal element constituting the composite hydroxide particles or the heat-treated particles is added to the composite hydroxide particles represented by one or more selected elements) or the heat-treated particles obtained by heat-treating the composite hydroxide particles. The ratio of the number of lithium atoms (Li) to the total (Me) (Li / Me) is 0.95-1.20, preferably 1.00-1.20, more preferably greater than 1.00. It is necessary to mix a lithium compound so that it may become 15 or less. That is, since Li / Me does not change before and after the firing step, Li / Me in this mixing step becomes Li / Me in the positive electrode active material, so Li / Me in the lithium mixture becomes Li / Me in the positive electrode active material to be obtained. It is necessary to mix a lithium compound with the composite hydroxide particles or the heat-treated particles so as to be the same as / Me.

  The lithium compound used in the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, lithium hydroxide, lithium nitrate, lithium carbonate, or a mixture thereof can be suitably used because it is easily available. it can. In consideration of ease of handling and quality stability, it is preferable to use lithium hydroxide or lithium carbonate, and more preferably lithium carbonate.

  For mixing, a general mixer can be used. For example, a shaker mixer, a V blender, a ribbon mixer, a Julia mixer, a Ladige mixer, or the like can be used, such as nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles or heat treated particles. It is sufficient that the composite hydroxide particles or the heat-treated particles and the lithium compound are sufficiently mixed to such an extent that the structure is not destroyed.

(2-d) Firing step The firing step is a step in which the lithium mixture obtained in the mixing step is fired under predetermined conditions and cooled to room temperature to obtain lithium composite oxide particles.

In particular, in the present invention, the temperature rise rate in the temperature range of at least 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. is 2 ° C./min to 10 ° C./min in the oxidizing atmosphere, and the holding temperature is 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. It is important to perform firing at a temperature of 0 ° C., a holding time of 1 to 5 hours at this holding temperature, and a time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding of 3 to 8 hours. By firing a lithium mixture having a predetermined composition under such conditions, the crystallinity can be enhanced while suppressing crystal growth in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis in the lithium composite oxide particles. In the powder X-ray diffraction using CuKα ray, the half width of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane with respect to the half width of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane (FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ ) in the Miller index (hkl) Ratio of (FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ ): FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ can be 0.300 or more and 0.520 or less.

(Temperature increase rate in a temperature range of 30 ° C. to 800 ° C.)
Among the firing steps, the rate of temperature rise in the temperature range of at least 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. is 2 ° C./min to 10 ° C./min, preferably 3 ° C. from the viewpoint of suppressing crystal growth in the direction orthogonal to the c-axis. / Min to 10 ° C / min, more preferably 3 ° C / min to 7 ° C / min. When the rate of temperature rise is less than 2 ° C./min, the composite hydroxide particles are converted into composite oxide particles during the temperature rise, and the reaction between the composite oxide particles and lithium in the lithium compound is caused. Since the crystal growth proceeds in the direction orthogonal to the c-axis, FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ becomes large. In addition, problems such as FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ and FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ become too small, and sintering between secondary particles and between primary particles progress too much. On the other hand, if the rate of temperature rise exceeds 10 ° C./min, the reaction between the composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles and the lithium compound becomes non-uniform, resulting in a phenomenon such as the progress of sintering between particles. Therefore, the positive electrode resistance value of the obtained nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery is increased. In addition, the temperature increase rate in the temperature range of 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. means an average rate of the temperature increase rate in this temperature range. However, the rate of temperature increase at each time point from 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. is preferably 2 ° C./min to 10 ° C./min.

(Holding temperature)
The holding temperature in the firing step is 800 ° C to 1000 ° C, preferably 800 ° C to 950 ° C, more preferably 850 ° C to 950 ° C. When the holding temperature is less than 800 ° C., the composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles do not sufficiently react with the lithium compound, and the surplus lithium compound and unreacted composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles remain, Or, since the diffusion of lithium into the composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles becomes insufficient, the crystal structure is not uniform. On the other hand, when the holding temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., intense sintering occurs between the generated lithium composite oxide particles and abnormal grain growth occurs, so that the particles become coarse and the shape of the spherical secondary particles cannot be maintained. In addition, since sintering between primary particles proceeds, the interface or grain boundary between the primary particles decreases. Furthermore, when the holding temperature in the firing step is less than 800 ° C., the average particle size of the lithium composite oxide particles is small and the specific surface area is large. On the other hand, when the holding temperature exceeds 1000 ° C., the average particle size is large and the specific surface area is large. Therefore, in any case, it is difficult to obtain a positive electrode active material having a suitable average particle diameter and specific surface area.

  The rate of temperature increase in the temperature range of 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 ° C./min to 10 ° C./min. When the rate of temperature increase in this temperature range is less than 2 ° C./min, the time that the temperature is maintained at 800 ° C. or more becomes too long, and crystal growth in the direction perpendicular to the c-axis may advance excessively. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 ° C./min, the temperature of the lithium mixture varies, crystal growth becomes non-uniform, and battery characteristics may deteriorate.

(Baking time)
The holding time at the holding temperature is 1 hour to 5 hours, preferably 1.5 hours to 5 hours, more preferably 2 hours to 5 hours. When the holding time is in such a range, the crystal structure of the obtained positive electrode active material becomes uniform, and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ can be 0.520 or less. When the holding time at the holding temperature is less than 1 hour, the reaction between the composite hydroxide particles or the composite oxide particles and the lithium compound does not proceed sufficiently, and the crystal structure is not uniform. On the other hand, if the holding time exceeds 5 hours, crystal growth proceeds in a direction perpendicular to the c-axis. In addition, the crystallinity increases, and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ and FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ may become too small.

  The time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding is 3 hours to 8 hours, preferably 3 hours to 7 hours, more preferably 4 hours to 7 hours. If the total firing time is less than 3 hours, the composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles do not sufficiently react with the lithium compound, and the surplus lithium compound and unreacted composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles remain. Alternatively, since the diffusion of lithium into the composite hydroxide particles or composite oxide particles becomes insufficient, the crystal structure does not become uniform. On the other hand, if the entire firing time exceeds 8 hours, crystal growth in a direction perpendicular to the c-axis proceeds.

(Other)
The atmosphere during firing is an oxidizing atmosphere, but is preferably performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen concentration of 18% by volume to 100% by volume, that is, in the air to an oxygen stream. Considering the cost, it is particularly preferable to perform in an air stream. When the oxygen concentration is less than 18% by volume, the oxidation reaction does not proceed sufficiently, and the resulting lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide may not have sufficient crystallinity.

  In the present invention, the firing furnace that can be used in the firing step is not particularly limited as long as it can be heated in the atmosphere or an oxygen stream, but an electric furnace that does not generate gas is preferable, and a batch type Any of these electric furnaces and continuous electric furnaces can be suitably used.

(2-e) Crushing process In the manufacturing method of this invention, it is preferable to further provide the crushing process which crushes the lithium composite oxide particle obtained by this baking process after a baking process. The lithium composite oxide particles obtained by the firing process may be aggregated or slightly sintered. In such a case, it is easy to adjust the average particle diameter (MV) of the obtained positive electrode active material to a preferable range of 3 μm to 20 μm by crushing the aggregate or sintered body of the lithium composite oxide particles. It becomes. Note that pulverization means that mechanical energy is applied to an aggregate composed of a plurality of secondary particles generated by sintering necking between secondary particles during firing, and the secondary particles themselves are hardly destroyed. This is an operation of separating the secondary particles and loosening the aggregates.

  As a crushing method, a known means can be used, for example, a pin mill or a hammer mill can be used. At this time, it is preferable to adjust the crushing force to an appropriate range so as not to destroy the secondary particles.

(3) Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and includes the same components as those of a general non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. . The embodiments described below are merely examples, and the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is applied to various modified and improved embodiments based on the embodiments described in this specification. It is also possible to do.

(Positive electrode)
Using the positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery obtained by the present invention, for example, a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is produced as follows.

  First, a conductive material and a binder are mixed with the powdered positive electrode active material obtained according to the present invention, and activated carbon and a solvent such as viscosity adjustment are added as necessary, and these are kneaded and mixed. A material paste is prepared. At that time, the mixing ratio in the positive electrode mixture paste is also an important factor for determining the performance of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. When the solid content of the positive electrode mixture excluding the solvent is 100 parts by mass, the content of the positive electrode active material is 60 parts by mass to 95 parts by mass as in the case of the positive electrode of a general nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The content is preferably 1 part by mass to 20 parts by mass, and the content of the binder is preferably 1 part by mass to 20 parts by mass.

  The obtained positive electrode mixture paste is applied to, for example, the surface of a current collector made of aluminum foil and dried to disperse the solvent. If necessary, pressurization may be performed by a roll press or the like to increase the electrode density. In this way, a sheet-like positive electrode can be produced. The sheet-like positive electrode can be cut into an appropriate size according to the target battery and used for battery production. However, the method for manufacturing the positive electrode is not limited to the above-described examples, and other methods may be used.

  As the conductive material, for example, graphite (natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite and the like), and carbon black materials such as acetylene black and ketjen black can be used.

  The binder plays a role of anchoring the active material particles. For example, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorine rubber, ethylene propylene diene rubber, styrene butadiene, cellulosic resin, and polyacrylic are used. An acid can be used.

  If necessary, a positive electrode active material, a conductive material, and activated carbon can be dispersed, and a solvent that dissolves the binder can be added to the positive electrode mixture. Specifically, an organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be used as the solvent. In addition, activated carbon can be added to the positive electrode mixture in order to increase the electric double layer capacity.

(Negative electrode)
For the negative electrode, metallic lithium or lithium alloy, or a negative electrode active material that can occlude and desorb lithium ions is mixed with a binder, and an appropriate solvent is added into a paste to form a negative electrode mixture such as copper. It is applied to the surface of the metal foil current collector, dried, and compressed to increase the electrode density as necessary.

  As the negative electrode active material, for example, organic compound fired bodies such as natural graphite, artificial graphite and phenol resin, and powdery bodies of carbon materials such as coke can be used. In this case, a fluorine-containing resin such as PVDF can be used as the negative electrode binder, as in the case of the positive electrode, and an organic material such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone can be used as a solvent for dispersing these active materials and the binder. A solvent can be used.

(Separator)
A separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode. The separator separates the positive electrode and the negative electrode and retains an electrolyte, and a thin film such as polyethylene or polypropylene and a film having many minute holes can be used.

(Nonaqueous electrolyte)
The nonaqueous electrolytic solution is obtained by dissolving a lithium salt as a supporting salt in an organic solvent.

  Examples of the organic solvent include cyclic carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate and trifluoropropylene carbonate, chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate and dipropyl carbonate, tetrahydrofuran, 2- One kind selected from ether compounds such as methyltetrahydrofuran and dimethoxyethane, sulfur compounds such as ethylmethylsulfone and butanesultone, and phosphorus compounds such as triethyl phosphate and trioctyl phosphate are used alone or in admixture of two or more. be able to.

As the supporting salt, LiPF ₆ , LiBF ₄ , LiClO ₄ , LiAsF ₆ , LiN (CF ₃ SO ₂ ) ₂ , and complex salts thereof can be used.

  Furthermore, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution may contain a radical scavenger, a surfactant, a flame retardant, and the like.

(Battery shape and configuration)
The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention composed of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the separator, and the non-aqueous electrolyte described above can have various shapes such as a cylindrical shape and a laminated shape.

  In any case, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are laminated through a separator to form an electrode body, and the obtained electrode body is impregnated with a non-aqueous electrolyte and communicated with the positive electrode current collector and the outside. The positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode terminal communicating with the outside are connected using a current collecting lead or the like, and sealed in a battery case to complete a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. .

(Characteristic)
The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode active material of the present invention can improve its output characteristics, in particular, output characteristics in an extremely low temperature environment of 0 ° C. to −30 ° C. Specifically, when a positive electrode active material of the present invention is used to form a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery as shown in FIG. 1, the output value at −30 ° C. is 120 W or more, preferably 125 W or more. It can be. The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the positive electrode of the present invention has a high initial discharge capacity of 150 mAh / g or more, a high capacity retention rate even in a long-term cycle, a high capacity, and a long life. It is. Further, in comparison with a positive electrode active material of a conventional lithium cobalt oxide or lithium nickel oxide, the thermal stability is high and the safety is also excellent.

  Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples. Note that, through all the examples and comparative examples, each sample of Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. reagent grade was used for the production of the composite hydroxide, the positive electrode active material, and the secondary battery.

Example 1
[Crystalling process]
Composite hydroxide particles were prepared using known crystallization techniques. Specifically, while stirring the reaction vessel, each sulfate of nickel, cobalt and manganese, a mixed aqueous solution of a zirconium compound and a tungsten compound, and an aqueous solution containing an ammonium ion supplier are supplied into the reaction vessel, and Spherical composite hydroxide particles were crystallized in the reaction tank by adjusting the amount added to maintain the reaction solution in the reaction tank at a predetermined pH and supplying an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. The obtained composite hydroxide particles were recovered, dried after washing with water.

When this composite hydroxide particle was subjected to composition analysis by ICP emission spectrometry spectroscopy, the composition was as follows: General formula: (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 (OH) _{2 + α} (0 ≦ α ≦ 0.5).

[Heat treatment process]
The composite hydroxide particles were heat-treated in an air atmosphere at a treatment temperature of 150 ° C. and heated for 12 hours to obtain heat-treated particles.

[Mixing process]
Lithium carbonate is added to the heat treated particles so that Li / Me = 1.14, and a rotation speed is set to 90 rpm using a shaker mixer apparatus (manufactured by Willy & Bacofen (WAB), TURBULA Type T2C). By mixing for 10 minutes, a lithium mixture was obtained.

[Baking process]
The lithium mixture was kept in a stream of air (oxygen: 21% by volume) at a holding temperature of 950 ° C., a heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature of 5 ° C./min, and a holding time of 3.63 hours. After being fired, a positive electrode active material composed of lithium composite oxide particles was obtained by cooling to room temperature. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 6.70 hours.

About this positive electrode active material, when the specific surface area was calculated | required using the gas adsorption method specific surface area measuring apparatus (The Yuasa Ionics Co., Ltd. make, multisorb), it was 1.1 m < ² > / g. Moreover, it was 5.5 micrometers when the average particle diameter (MV) was calculated | required using the laser diffraction scattering type particle size distribution measuring apparatus (the Nikkiso Co., Ltd. make, Microtrac HRA). Furthermore, when the composition analysis was performed by ICP emission spectrometry spectroscopy, the composition was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ .

In addition, an X-ray diffractometer (X'Pert PRO, manufactured by Panalical Co., Ltd.) was used for analysis by powder X-ray diffraction using Cu-Kα rays. It was confirmed to be composed of a single phase of nickel manganese composite oxide. Further, as a result of obtaining FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ and FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ from each diffraction peak by diffraction from the crystal, excluding the broadening of the diffraction peak of the X-ray diffraction pattern, FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ is 0.060, FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ Was 0.122. From these values, FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ was 0.490.

[Crushing process]
The positive electrode active material obtained by the firing step was pulverized to obtain a positive electrode active material having a specific surface area of 1.4 m ² / g and an average particle size (MV) of 5.2 μm.

[Manufacture of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries]
Next, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (lithium ion secondary battery) was produced by the following procedure.

(A) Positive electrode To the obtained positive electrode active material, acetylene black as a conductive material, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as a binder, and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), the mass ratio of these materials is 88. : Weighed so as to be 10: 1: 1, and added to an aqueous solvent (ion-exchanged water) so that the solid content ratio of the material was 54% by mass. Subsequently, it mixed for 50 minutes with the planetary mixer, and the water-system paste for positive electrode active material layer formation was obtained.

Next, the obtained aqueous paste was applied to both surfaces of a 15 μm-thick aluminum foil serving as a positive electrode current collector so that the total coating amount (solid content conversion) was 9.5 g / cm ² . Thereafter, the moisture in the paste is dried, and then stretched into a sheet shape with a roller press, and the layer thickness (total layer thickness including the thickness of the positive electrode current collector) is adjusted to a thickness of 60 μm. By forming a layer, a positive electrode (positive electrode sheet) for a lithium ion secondary battery was produced.

(B) Negative electrode Graphite as a negative electrode active material, styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) are weighed so that the mass ratio of these materials is 98: 1: 1. A paste for forming a negative electrode active material layer was prepared by mixing with ion-exchanged water so that the solid content of the material was 54% by mass. In addition, as said graphite, what was coated with amorphous carbon was used.

Next, it apply | coated so that the total application quantity (solid content conversion) of the said paste might be set to 9.0 g / cm < ² > on both surfaces of 10-micrometer-thick copper foil used as a negative electrode collector. Then, after drying the water | moisture content in a paste, it stretches in a sheet form with a roll press machine, and adjusts layer thickness (all layer thickness including the thickness of a negative electrode collector) to the thickness of 60 micrometers, and negative electrode active material layer Thus, a negative electrode (negative electrode sheet) for a lithium ion secondary battery was produced.

(C) Lithium ion secondary battery The positive electrode sheet (1) and the negative electrode sheet (2) are stacked together with two porous separators (3), wound, and crushed from the stacking direction to squeeze the electrode body (4). Molded into a flat shape. Next, the electrode body is accommodated in a battery case (5), and a supporting salt LiPF ₆ is added to a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) having a volume ratio of 1: 1 at a concentration of 1 mol / L. The dissolved electrolyte was injected. Thereafter, the positive electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector are connected to terminals connected to the outside using current collecting leads or the like, the battery case (5) is sealed, and the lithium ion secondary battery (6 ) Was produced (see FIG. 1). Furthermore, a lithium ion secondary battery for testing was constructed by charging up to 4.1 V with a constant current of 2 A as a conditioning treatment.

[Battery evaluation]
The output characteristics of the lithium ion secondary battery under low temperature conditions were evaluated by the following methods. The battery was charged at a constant current and a constant voltage after being discharged at a constant current of up to 3.0 V under a temperature condition of 25 ° C., and adjusted to 40% SOC (State of Charge). Thereafter, the current was appropriately changed at −30 ° C., the voltage 2 seconds after the start of discharge was measured, and an IV characteristic graph of the sample battery was created. The discharge cut voltage was 2.0V. The output value (W) was obtained from this IV characteristic graph.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Example 2)
In the mixing step, it was mixed with lithium carbonate so that Li / M = 1.16. In the firing step, the holding temperature was 898 ° C., and the rate of temperature increase from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 4 ° C./min. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing time was 3.01 hours. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 6.63 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.16 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Example 3)
In the firing step, the same procedure as in Example 1 was performed except that the firing temperature was 898 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 6 ° C./min, and the holding time was 4.41 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 6.81 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

Example 4
In the mixing step, it was mixed with lithium carbonate so that Li / M = 1.16. In the firing step, the holding temperature was 932 ° C., and the rate of temperature increase from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 4 ° C./min. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing time was 3.13 hours. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 6.89 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.16 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Example 5)
In the mixing step, it was mixed with lithium carbonate so that Li / M = 1.13. In the firing step, the holding temperature was 932 ° C., and the rate of temperature increase from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 5 ° C./min. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing time was 4.11 hours. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 7.12 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.13 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Example 6)
In the firing step, the same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the firing temperature was 800 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 5 ° C./min, and the holding time was 4.67 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 7.24 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Example 7)
In the firing step, the same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the firing temperature was 830 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 2 ° C./min, and the holding time was 1.29 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 7.96 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Example 8)
In the firing step, the same as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 980 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 10 ° C./min, and the holding time was 2.27 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 3.85 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

Example 9
In the firing step, the same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the firing temperature was 898 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 8 ° C./min, and the holding time was 1.19 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. Note that the time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding at this time was 3.00 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 1)
In the mixing step, it was mixed with lithium carbonate so that Li / M = 1.12. In the firing step, the holding temperature was 932 ° C., and the temperature increase rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to 760 ° C. was 2.5 ° C. / Min, except that the heating rate from 760 ° C. to 932 ° C. was 3 ° C./min and the holding time was 11.73 hours, in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a positive electrode active material, Evaluation was performed. At this time, the average rate of temperature increase from 30 ° C. to 932 ° C. was 2.58 ° C./min, and the time from the start of temperature increase to the end of holding was 17.55 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.12 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 2)
In the firing step, the same as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 850 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 8 ° C./min, and the holding time was 1.10 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 2.81 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 3)
In the firing step, the same as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 850 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 3 ° C./min, and the holding time was 5.28 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 9.84 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 4)
In the firing step, the same as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 950 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 12 ° C./min, and the holding time was 3.31 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start to the end of holding at this time was 4.59 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 5)
In the firing step, the same as in Example 1 except that the firing temperature was 1050 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 4 ° C./min, and the holding time was 0.83 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 5.08 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 6)
In the firing step, the same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the firing temperature was 780 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 2 ° C./min, and the holding time was 2.50 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start at this time to the end of holding was 8.75 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 7)
In the baking step, the same as in Example 1 except that the holding temperature was 832 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 1.5 ° C./min, and the holding time was 1.76 hours. Thus, a positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start to the end of holding at this time was 10.67 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 8)
In the baking step, the same as in Example 1 except that the holding temperature was 980 ° C., the temperature rising rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 1.5 ° C./min, and the holding time was 2.50 hours. Thus, a positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start to the end of holding at this time was 13.06 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

(Comparative Example 9)
In the firing step, the same procedure as in Example 1 was conducted except that the firing temperature was 830 ° C., the heating rate from room temperature (30 ° C.) to the holding temperature was 11 ° C./min, and the holding time was 1.50 hours. The positive electrode active material was obtained and evaluated. In addition, the time from the temperature rising start to the end of holding at this time was 2.71 hours.

The composition of the obtained positive electrode active material was represented by the general formula: Li _1.14 (Ni _0.33 Co _0.33 Mn _0.33 ) _0.993 Zr _0.002 W _0.005 O ₂ . Thereafter, in the same manner as in Example 1, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced using this positive electrode active material and evaluated.

  The production conditions of the positive electrode active material are shown in Table 1, and the characteristics of the obtained positive electrode active material and the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery are shown in Table 2, respectively.

From the results shown in Table 1, in Examples 1 to 9, since the heating rate, the holding temperature, the holding time, and the time from the start of heating to the end of holding were all within the scope of the present invention, All of FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ , FWHM _(104), and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ were in a desired range, and exhibited high output characteristics.

On the other hand, Comparative Example 1 is an example in which the holding time and the time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding exceed the range of the present invention, and crystal growth proceeds in a direction perpendicular to the c-axis, and FWHM _{(104 )} Exceeds 0.30 and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ exceeds 0.520, the output characteristics cannot be improved.

  Comparative Example 2 is an example in which the time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding is less than the range of the present invention, and the heat-treated particles and the lithium compound cannot react sufficiently, and the positive electrode active material has sufficient crystallinity. As a result, the output characteristics could not be improved.

In Comparative Example 3, as in Comparative Example 1, the holding time and the time from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding exceed the range of the present invention, and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ exceeds 0.520. Therefore, the output characteristics could not be improved.

  Comparative Example 4 is an example in which the rate of temperature rise exceeds the range of the present invention, and the reaction between the composite hydroxide particles and the lithium compound became non-uniform, so the crystallinity of the positive electrode active material was not sufficient. The output characteristics could not be improved.

Comparative Example 5 is an example in which the holding temperature exceeds the range of the present invention, crystal growth proceeds in a direction orthogonal to the c-axis, FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ is less than 0.10, and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / Since FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ exceeded 0.520, the output characteristics could not be improved.

  Comparative Example 6 is an example in which the holding temperature is less than the range of the present invention, and the reaction between the heat-treated particles and the lithium compound did not proceed sufficiently, and the crystallinity of the positive electrode active material was not sufficient. The characteristics could not be improved.

Comparative Example 7 is an example in which the temperature increase rate in the temperature range of 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. is less than the range of the present invention, and during the temperature increase, the reaction between the heat-treated particles and the lithium compound proceeds, and the direction orthogonal to the c-axis As the crystal growth progressed and the value of FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ exceeded 0.520, the output characteristics could not be improved.

In Comparative Example 8, the rate of temperature increase in the temperature range of 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. was less than the range of the present invention, and the firing temperature was higher than that in Comparative Example 7, so the value of FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ In addition to exceeding 520, FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ and FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ were also below the range of the present invention, and the output characteristics could not be improved.

In Comparative Example 9, the rate of temperature increase in the temperature range of 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. exceeds the range of the present invention, and the time from the start of temperature increase to the end of holding is less than the range of the present invention. FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ was less than 0.300, and FWHM ₍₀₀₃₎ / FWHM ₍₁₀₄₎ exceeded the range of the present invention, and the output characteristics could not be improved.

  ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries which has the outstanding output characteristic even in a cryogenic environment can be obtained efficiently with an industrial manufacturing method. This non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can always be suitably used as a power source for small portable electronic devices such as notebook personal computers and mobile phone terminals that require high output.

  Moreover, according to the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention, high output can be exhibited even in a low temperature environment, so that it is used in combination with not only a power source for electric vehicles but also a combustion engine such as a gasoline engine or a diesel engine. It can also be suitably used as a power source for so-called hybrid vehicles.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Positive electrode sheet 2 Negative electrode sheet 3 Porous separator 4 Electrode body 5 Battery case 6 Lithium ion secondary battery

Claims (9)

General formula: Ni _x Co _y Mn _z M _t (OH) _{2 + α} (x + y + z + t = 1, 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0.4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0. 4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M is one or more elements selected from Mg, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, and W) In the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles, the ratio of the number of lithium atoms to the total number of atoms of the metal elements constituting the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles is 0.95 to 1.20. Mixing a lithium compound to obtain a lithium mixture;
In an oxidizing atmosphere, the temperature rising rate in the temperature range of at least 30 ° C. to 800 ° C. is set to 2 ° C./min to 10 ° C./min, the holding temperature is set to 800 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and the holding time at this holding temperature 1 to 5 hours, and a firing step for firing the lithium mixture under the conditions of 3 to 8 hours from the start of temperature rise to the end of holding, and a positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery A method for producing an active material.   The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries of Claim 1 whose oxygen concentration in the said oxidizing atmosphere is 18 volume%-100 volume%.   The positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 1, further comprising a heat treatment step of heat-treating the nickel cobalt manganese composite hydroxide particles at 105 ° C. to 400 ° C. before the mixing step. Method.   The manufacturing method of the positive electrode active material for nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries in any one of Claims 1-3 provided with the crushing process of crushing the lithium nickel cobalt manganese complex oxide particle obtained at the said baking process. General formula: Li _{1 + s} Ni _x Co _y Mn _z M _t O ₂ (−0.05 ≦ s ≦ 0.20, x + y + z + t = 1, 0.3 ≦ x ≦ 0.7, 0.1 ≦ y ≦ 0 .4, 0.1 ≦ z ≦ 0.4, 0.0003 ≦ t ≦ 0.05, M is from Ca, Mg, Al, Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, Ta, W Selected from the group consisting of hexagonal lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles having a layered structure composed of secondary particles in which a plurality of primary particles are aggregated, and using CuKα rays. In the X-ray powder diffraction, the ratio of the half width of the diffraction peak on the (003) plane to the half width of the diffraction peak on the (104) plane in the Miller index (hkl) is 0.300 or more and 0.520 or less. A positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The half width of the diffraction peak at the (003) plane of the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles is 0.05 ° to 0.10 °, and the half width of the diffraction peak at the (104) plane is The positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 5 , wherein the positive electrode active material is 0.10 ° to 0.30 °. The positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to claim 5 or 6 , wherein the lithium nickel cobalt manganese composite oxide particles have an average particle size of 3 µm to 20 µm. The lithium-nickel-cobalt-manganese composite oxide specific surface area of 0.3m ² /g~2.5m ² / g of particles, the positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of claims 5-7 . A positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator, and a nonaqueous electrolyte are provided, and the positive electrode active material for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of claims 5 to 8 is used as the positive electrode active material of the positive electrode. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.

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