JP6060795B2 - Furnace end insulation structure - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a compact furnace end heat insulating structure for suppressing the temperature of a concrete retaining wall at the end of a coke oven in the furnace group length direction.

  A chamber-type coke oven is a facility that manufactures coke by batch processing by shutting air in a carbonization chamber and heating coal, and is a self-supporting furnace composed of refractory bricks. From the viewpoint of hot volume stability, a coke oven furnace has hundreds to thousands of differently shaped bricks (silica bricks, clay bricks, heat insulating bricks, etc.) in the height direction, for example 100 It is built by stacking several steps.

  A concrete retaining wall is installed on the outermost side of the coke oven in the length direction. The concrete retaining wall is a concrete structure and positions the furnace body while suppressing thermal expansion of the furnace body in the length direction of the furnace group. The end of the coke oven furnace body in the length direction (hereinafter referred to as “furnace end”) is a refractory structure between the outermost combustion chamber in the length direction and the coke oven retaining wall. Built from a brick of a seed material. This furnace end part insulates between the combustion chamber and the concrete retaining wall, which becomes as high as about 1300 ° C, and lowers the temperature of the furnace body toward the concrete retaining wall, so that the inner surface of the concrete retaining wall on the furnace body side Has a function of lowering the temperature to a safe temperature of concrete (for example, 100 ° C.) or less.

  In the unlikely event that the temperature of the inner surface of the concrete retaining wall becomes higher than the safe temperature, the moisture contained in the concrete will evaporate, so when using the concrete retaining wall for a long period of more than one year, The concrete retaining wall cannot maintain the desired strength, and the coke oven may become structurally unstable. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the heat insulation performance of the furnace end adjacent to the concrete retaining wall and to suppress the temperature of the concrete retaining wall to a safe temperature or less.

  As a heat insulating structure at the furnace end, a heat insulating material layer made of an inorganic fiber material having a high heat insulating effect is generally installed inside or outside the brick structure at the furnace end. For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a method of providing two inorganic heat insulating material layers on the outer surface of the front wall of the heat storage chamber in order to prevent deterioration of the front wall of the heat storage chamber of the coke oven.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 3-115388

  However, if the heat insulating material layer made of a material other than brick is additionally installed at the furnace end as in Patent Document 1, the strength of the heat insulating material layer is lower than the strength of the brick. It becomes impossible to hold the furnace body between the retaining walls in the length direction of the furnace group, which hinders the stability of the furnace body structure. Therefore, there is no problem when a small amount of inorganic fiber material insulation is filled in the expansion allowance portion of the furnace body, but the above inorganic fiber insulation layer should be positively applied to the structure at the furnace end. It is difficult.

  In addition, as the heat insulation structure of the furnace end using only bricks that are stronger than inorganic fibers, a clay brick layer, a heat-insulating brick layer, or a red brick layer is placed between the silica brick layer that forms the combustion chamber and the concrete retaining wall. It is possible to consider a structure in which the layers are arranged in a stack in the furnace group length direction. However, in the case of a furnace end laminated structure constructed using only general solid bricks, even if the thickness from the combustion chamber wall surface to the inner surface of the concrete retaining wall is 2500 mm or more because of high thermal conductivity In a steady state, the inner surface temperature of the concrete retaining wall is higher than the safe temperature, and the inner surface of the concrete retaining wall often deteriorates.

  In addition, as a heat insulation structure at the furnace end, when building a brick structure at the furnace end, a general solid brick stacking method is devised so that a ventilation duct for heat dissipation is provided inside the brick structure. The structure to be formed is also conceivable. In this structure, by ventilating through the ventilation duct, the furnace end can be air-cooled and the cooling efficiency can be increased. However, in order to form a ventilation duct inside the brick structure in this way, it is necessary to construct the furnace end in a crafted manner while processing the brick. It takes a lot of labor and cost. For this reason, there is a limit to the installation of such air ducts, and a sufficient number of air ducts cannot provide a sufficient air cooling effect.

  Furthermore, increasing the thickness of the furnace end in the furnace group length direction (corresponding to the horizontal length from the combustion chamber to the concrete retaining wall) reduces the amount of heat conduction from the combustion chamber to the concrete retaining wall. It is possible to suppress the temperature rise. However, increasing the thickness of the furnace end increases the size of the coke oven and requires a great amount of labor and cost for its construction, resulting in reduced workability. In addition, when the end of an existing coke oven is refurbished to a thicker one, the existing concrete retaining wall must be destroyed, resulting in problems such as an increase in renovation costs and treatment of concrete waste.

  Therefore, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to provide a high heat insulation effect while exhibiting a compact structure excellent in workability, and the temperature of the concrete retaining wall. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new and improved furnace end heat insulating structure capable of suppressing the temperature below a safe temperature.

  In order to solve the above-described problem, according to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a furnace end heat insulating structure between a combustion chamber and a concrete retaining wall at an end of a coke oven in the furnace group length direction, and a plurality of the chambers are formed. A silica brick layer made of silica brick, and provided on the outer side in the furnace length direction of the silica brick layer, a clay brick layer made of a plurality of clay bricks, provided on the outer side in the furnace length direction of the clay brick layer, and a plurality of heat insulations A heat-insulating brick layer made of brick, and a red brick layer made of a plurality of red bricks provided between the heat-insulating brick layer and the concrete retaining wall, and the clay brick layer is provided on the inner side in the furnace group length direction A solid clay brick layer made of a plurality of solid clay bricks, a hollow clay brick layer made of a plurality of hollow clay bricks provided outside the solid clay brick layer in the furnace group length direction, and having a hollow portion; Including, End insulation structure is provided.

  The hollow portion of the hollow clay brick includes a through-hole penetrating the hollow clay brick in the vertical direction, and the hollow clay brick is formed so that the through-holes of the hollow clay brick adjacent in the vertical direction communicate with each other. By stacking, the hollow clay brick layer is built, and the through holes of the hollow clay brick communicate with each other in the vertical direction, so that a plurality of vertical communication holes are formed in the hollow clay brick layer. Good.

  You may make it further have at least 1 horizontal communicating hole which penetrates the said clay brick layer in the furnace length direction and connects the said several vertical communicating hole.

  The horizontal communication hole includes an upper side horizontal communication hole that communicates the upper part of the plurality of vertical communication holes, and a lower side horizontal communication hole that communicates the lower part of the plurality of vertical communication holes. Both ends of the horizontal communication hole and the lower side horizontal communication hole in the furnace length direction may be open to the outside air.

  The cross-sectional area of the hollow portion of the hollow clay brick may be 10% or more and 90% or less of the cross-sectional area of the hollow clay brick.

  The red brick layer may include a hollow red brick layer including a plurality of hollow red bricks having a hollow portion.

  According to the above configuration, the furnace end of the coke oven in the furnace group length direction has a laminated structure in which a quartz brick layer, a clay brick layer, a heat insulating brick layer, and a red brick layer are laminated in this order, so that the concrete retaining wall from the combustion chamber The temperature at the furnace end can be lowered stepwise as it goes to. Under the present circumstances, the heat insulation effect can be improved with the air layer in the hollow part of a hollow clay brick layer by providing the hollow clay brick layer which consists of hollow clay bricks in a clay brick layer. Therefore, the temperature of the concrete retaining wall adjacent to the red brick layer at the end of the furnace can be suitably suppressed below the safe temperature of the concrete material. Moreover, since the hollow clay brick layer can be constructed simply by stacking the hollow clay bricks, the furnace building operation at the furnace end can be simplified. Therefore, sufficient heat insulation performance can be secured while having a compact furnace end structure with excellent workability.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the temperature of the concrete retaining wall can be suppressed to a safe temperature or less by exhibiting a high heat insulating effect while having a compact structure excellent in workability.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the furnace length direction of the chamber type coke oven which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of the furnace group length direction of the chamber furnace type coke oven which concerns on the same embodiment. It is an expanded longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the furnace end part of the coke oven which concerns on the same embodiment. It is a top view etc. which show the hollow clay brick concerning the embodiment. It is a top view etc. which show the hollow red brick concerning the embodiment. It is the longitudinal cross-sectional view and horizontal sectional view of the furnace length direction which show the clay brick layer which concerns on this embodiment. It is a schematic diagram which shows the model of the furnace end part which concerns on a comparative example. It is a schematic diagram which shows the model of the furnace end part which concerns on the Example of this invention.

  Exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In addition, in this specification and drawing, about the component which has the substantially same function structure, duplication description is abbreviate | omitted by attaching | subjecting the same code | symbol.

[1. Overall configuration of coke oven]
First, the overall configuration of the coke oven according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2. FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view in the furnace length direction X of a chamber furnace type coke oven 1 according to this embodiment, and FIG. 2 is a view of the furnace group length direction Y of the chamber furnace type coke oven 1 according to this embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, a chamber-type coke oven 1 includes a sole flue 2 provided at the lower portion of the furnace body, a heat storage chamber 3 provided above the sole flue 2, and an upper portion of the heat storage chamber 3. Are provided with a carbonization chamber 4 and a combustion chamber 5, and a furnace top 6 provided at the upper part of the carbonization chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 5. Although not shown, the coke oven 1 is arranged on the furnace top portion 6 so as to be able to travel in the furnace group length direction Y, and is loaded with coal into each carbonization chamber 4 or coke from each carbonization chamber 4. An extruder for extruding is also provided.

  The carbonization chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 5 are vertically long, substantially rectangular parallelepiped spaces extending in the furnace length direction X. The carbonization chambers 4 and the combustion chambers 5 are alternately provided in the furnace group length direction Y. The carbonization chamber 4 is a space for carbonizing coal to produce coke. A plurality of inlets 7 are formed at a predetermined interval in the furnace length direction X at the furnace top 6 at the top of the carbonization chamber 4, and one or more ascending pipes 8 are formed at the ends. Coal is charged into the carbonization chamber 4 from the charging port 7 by a charging vehicle (not shown). The combustion chamber 5 is a space for burning fuel gas. The heat of the combustion chamber 5 is transferred to the carbonization chamber 4 so that the coal is dry-distilled in the carbonization chamber 4. A plurality of flue holes 9 are formed at predetermined intervals in the furnace length direction X in the furnace top 6 at the top of the combustion chamber 5. The flue hole 9 communicates with the combustion chamber 5, and a flue hole lid is installed at the uppermost stage. By providing such a flue hole 9, the combustion state of the combustion chamber 5 can be visually observed from the top of the furnace.

  The sole flue 2, the heat storage chamber 3, the carbonization chamber 4, the combustion chamber 5, and the furnace top portion 6 constitute a furnace body of the coke oven 1, and the furnace body has irregular shapes ranging from hundreds to thousands of types. It has a complicated structure in which bricks (furnace refractories such as quartz bricks, clay bricks, and heat insulating bricks) are combined in the height direction, for example, about 100 steps.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a pair of concrete retaining walls 11, 11 are installed at both ends of the coke oven 1 in the furnace group length direction Y. The concrete retaining walls 11 and 11 have a function of pressing and holding the furnace body of the coke oven 1 from both sides in the furnace group length direction Y. By installing the concrete retaining walls 11 and 11, it is possible to stably hold the furnace body structure constructed from a large number of bricks and prevent the furnace body structure from collapsing and expanding in the furnace group length direction Y. it can.

  Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 2, the furnace end 10 is located between the concrete retaining wall 11 and the combustion chamber 5 </ b> A at both ends of the coke oven 1 in the furnace group length direction Y (in the vertical direction Z, the furnace top 6 and the heat storage chamber). This is a brick structure built between 3). The combustion chamber 5 </ b> A is a combustion chamber arranged on the outermost side in the furnace group length direction Y (position closest to the concrete retaining wall 11) among the plurality of combustion chambers 5 arranged in the furnace group length direction Y. Since the combustion chamber 5A has a high temperature of about 1300 ° C., the furnace end 10 is installed as a heat insulating structure for insulating the heat of the combustion chamber 5A and protecting the concrete retaining wall 11. The furnace end 10 is a brick structure composed of a plurality of types of brick layers stacked in the furnace group length direction Y.

  In the present embodiment, the heat insulating structure of the furnace end 10 of the coke oven 1 is characterized. Below, the heat insulation structure of the furnace end part 10 is demonstrated in detail.

[2. Furnace end insulation structure]
Next, with reference to FIG. 3, the heat insulation structure of the furnace end part 10 of the coke oven 1 which concerns on this embodiment is explained in full detail. FIG. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view showing the furnace end 10 of the coke oven 1 according to the present embodiment.

  The safe temperature (heat resistant temperature) of the concrete retaining wall 11 used as the retaining wall of the furnace body of the coke oven 1 described above is 100 ° C. or less when Portland cement generally used for concrete structures is used. When the temperature of the concrete retaining wall 11 is about 105 ° C. or higher, the concrete retaining wall 11 is deteriorated because free water, crystal water, and structural water in the concrete are gradually decomposed and evaporated depending on the exposed temperature. When the inner surface is used at a temperature of 300 ° C. for a long time, the concrete shrinks, cracks, and may be partially pulverized, and there is a possibility that a desired strength necessary for pressing down the furnace body cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is necessary to insulate the heat from the combustion chamber 5 that becomes a high temperature of about 1300 ° C. by the furnace end 10 and to constantly suppress the temperature of the concrete retaining wall 11 to a safe temperature (100 ° C.) or less.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the furnace end portion 10 provided between the outermost combustion chamber 5 </ b> A in the furnace group length direction Y and the concrete retaining wall 11 has a plurality of heat resistant temperatures and different thermal conductivities. It has a laminated structure in which different types of brick layers are stacked in the furnace group length direction Y. Specifically, the furnace end portion 10 has a four-layer structure including a quartz brick layer 20, a clay brick layer 30, a heat insulating brick layer 40, and a red brick layer 50. These layers are arranged in the order of the furnace group length direction Y from the combustion chamber 5A to the concrete retaining wall 11 in the order of the quartz brick layer 20, the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50. Each brick layer is described in detail below.

  The quartz brick layer 20 is composed of a plurality of quartz bricks 21 that form the wall of the outermost combustion chamber 5A in the furnace group length direction Y. The quartz brick 21 is excellent in heat resistance and volume stability (low thermal expansion property), but has a characteristic of low heat insulation (that is, high thermal conductivity). The combustion chamber 5A is constructed by stacking a plurality of silica bricks 21 so that cavities are formed inside. Since the combustion chamber 5A has a high temperature of about 1300 ° C., the quartz brick 21 is required to have high heat resistance and high volume stability against the high temperature, and hardly undergo thermal expansion and contraction in the operating temperature range of 800 to 1300 ° C. Is done.

  The clay brick layer 30 is provided outside the silica brick layer 20 in the furnace group length direction Y, and is constructed using a plurality of clay bricks 31 and 32. The clay brick layer 30 has a laminated structure in which a plurality of clay brick layers are stacked in the furnace group length direction Y. In the example of FIG. 3, the clay brick layer 30 has a four-layer structure, and is composed of three layers of solid clay brick layers 30 </ b> A, 30 </ b> B, 30 </ b> D composed of solid clay bricks 31 and one layer composed of hollow clay bricks 32. And a hollow clay brick layer 30C. Details of these clay brick layers 30A to 30D will be described later.

  The heat insulating brick layer 40 is provided outside the clay brick layer 30 in the furnace group length direction Y, and is constructed using a plurality of heat insulating bricks 41. The heat insulating brick layer 40 has a stacked structure in which a plurality of heat insulating brick layers are stacked in the furnace group length direction Y, but may have a single layer structure. In the example of FIG. 3, the heat-insulating brick layer 40 has a two-layer structure and includes two solid heat-insulating brick layers composed of solid heat-insulating bricks 41.

  Further, the red brick layer 50 is provided outside the heat insulating brick layer 40 in the furnace group length direction Y and inside the concrete retaining wall 11, and is constructed using a plurality of red bricks 51 and 52. The red brick layer 50 has a laminated structure in which a plurality of red brick layers are stacked in the furnace group length direction Y. In the example of FIG. 3, the red brick layer 50 has a two-layer structure, and is formed of a single solid red brick layer 50 </ b> A composed of the solid red brick 51 and a single hollow red brick layer composed of the hollow red brick 52. Including 50B. Details of these red brick layers 50A and 50B will be described later.

  As shown in FIG. 2, the clay brick layer 30 and the heat insulating brick layer 40 are installed only in the furnace end 10 at the upper part of the furnace body constituting the carbonization chamber 4 and the combustion chamber 5, and the furnace constituting the heat storage chamber 3. It is not installed at the furnace end at the bottom of the body. On the other hand, the red brick layer 50 is installed from the furnace end 10 at the upper part of the furnace body to the furnace end part at the lower part of the furnace body, but is not limited to this example, and the red brick layer 50 is installed only at the upper part of the furnace body. May be.

  Table 1 shows the relative characteristics and functions of the bricks constituting the silica brick layer 20, the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50.

  As shown in Table 1, the quartz brick 21 is most excellent in corrosion resistance, heat resistance and volume stability (low thermal expansion) with respect to the high temperature gas in the combustion chamber 5A, but is inferior in heat insulation. The heat insulating brick 41 is most excellent in heat insulating properties, but is inferior in heat resistance and volume stability. Although the clay brick 31 has heat resistance and volume stability superior to those of the heat-insulating brick 41, the heat-insulating properties are inferior to the heat-insulating brick 41, although they are superior to the silica brick 21. The red brick 51 has an intermediate characteristic between the clay brick 31 and the heat insulating brick 41 and has good heat insulating properties but low heat resistance. And this red brick 51 has the advantage that it is cheaper than the heat insulating brick 41.

  Moreover, the heat-resistant temperature of each brick is the highest in the quartz brick 21, and falls in order of the clay brick 31, the heat insulation brick 41, and the red brick 51. Moreover, the temperature which acts on each brick layer in the furnace end part 10 is the highest in the quartz brick layer 20, and falls in order of the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulation brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50.

  The clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50 insulate the space between the silica brick layer 20 and the concrete retaining wall 11, and gradually increase the temperature of the furnace end 10 toward the outside of the furnace group length direction Y. It has the function of reducing That is, since the quartz brick 21 forming the combustion chamber 5A described above has low heat insulation, when the temperature inside the combustion chamber 5A is 1300 ° C., the outside of the quartz brick layer 20 is, for example, 1100 to 1150 ° C. On the other hand, although the heat insulation brick 41 is excellent in heat insulation, it is inferior in heat resistance, and the heat resistance temperature of the heat insulation brick 41 is about 900-1100 degreeC. Therefore, if the heat insulating brick layer 40 is disposed adjacent to the silica brick layer 20, the temperature of the heat insulating brick layer 40 becomes higher than the heat resistant temperature due to the heat from the silica brick layer 20, and the heat insulating brick 41 is deteriorated. End up.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, the clay brick layer 30 having better heat resistance and volume stability than the heat insulating brick layer 40 is interposed between the quartz brick layer 20 and the heat insulating brick layer 40. Thereby, the temperature of the furnace body is lowered by 200 ° C. or more by the clay brick layer 30 to about 700 to 800 ° C., so that the high heat of the quartz brick layer 20 is not directly transmitted to the heat insulating brick layer 40. By protecting the heat insulating brick layer 40 with the clay brick layer 30 as described above, the heat insulating brick layer 40 and the clay brick layer 30 are prevented from deteriorating, and the heat insulating property of the heat insulating brick layer 40 and the clay brick layer 30 allows the outside of the furnace group length direction Y to be outside. As it goes to, the temperature of the furnace end 10 can be effectively reduced.

  Further, in the present embodiment, a red brick layer 50 having a certain degree of heat insulation is installed between the heat insulating brick layer 40 and the concrete retaining wall 11. Thereby, since the outer part of the furnace end part 10 can be built using the cheap red brick 51, the usage-amount of the expensive heat insulation brick 41 can be reduced, and the construction cost of the furnace end part 10 can be reduced. Since the heat insulating brick 41 is expensive, the thickness of the heat insulating brick layer 40 is the thickness d (the thickness from the outer surface of the quartz brick layer 20 to the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11) in the furnace group length direction Y of the furnace end 10. 3) is preferably suppressed to 35% or less. In addition, since a certain amount of the heat insulating brick layer 40 is necessary for the compact structure, the thickness of the heat insulating brick layer 40 is more preferable in consideration of both of them and for the surface temperature of the concrete retaining wall 11 to be 100 ° C. or lower. The proportion is 15-30% of d.

[3. Hollow brick layer]
Next, the hollow brick layer which is the characteristic of the heat insulation structure of the furnace end 10 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.

[3.1. Outline of hollow brick layer]
As described above, the furnace end portion 10 according to the present embodiment has a laminated structure including the silica brick layer 20, the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50. Due to the arrangement of the brick layers, the temperature of the furnace end 10 is gradually reduced from the combustion chamber 5A to the concrete retaining wall 11 without damaging the bricks of each brick layer of the furnace end 10 due to the high heat of the combustion chamber 5A. Can be made.

  However, if each of the brick layers is constructed using only solid bricks (solid silica brick 21, solid clay brick 31, solid heat insulating brick 41, solid red brick 51) that do not have a hollow portion. In this case, since the thermal conductivity of the solid brick is higher than that of the hollow brick, there may arise a problem that sufficient heat insulating performance cannot be obtained. In particular, the thickness d (the thickness from the outer surface of the silica brick layer 20 to the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11; see FIG. 3) in the furnace group length direction Y of the furnace end 10 is small, and the furnace end 10 has a compact structure. In some cases, the problem becomes significant. If the heat insulation performance of the furnace end 10 is insufficient, the high heat of the combustion chamber 5A is transmitted to the concrete retaining wall 11, and the temperature of the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11 becomes higher than the safe temperature (for example, 100 ° C.) of the concrete material. More cases. As a result, the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11 deteriorates, the concrete retaining wall 11 cannot maintain a desired strength, and the coke oven 1 may become structurally unstable.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, by additionally installing a hollow brick layer made of a hollow brick at the furnace end 10, the heat insulation effect by the air layer in the hollow part of the hollow brick is exhibited, and the heat insulation performance of the furnace end 10 is greatly increased. It is improving. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 3, a hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C in which a plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 are stacked is installed in the clay brick layer 30, and a hollow red brick layer 50 </ b> B in which a plurality of hollow red bricks 52 are stacked. Is placed on the red brick layer 50.

  The structure of the furnace end 10 is generally constructed of solid bricks that do not have a hollow part. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of enhancing the heat insulation effect, when a hollow brick having a specific structure in which a hollow portion is formed is used as the structure of the furnace end portion 10, the hollow brick needs to have high strength in terms of material. . However, since the heat insulating brick is low in material strength, if a hollow heat insulating brick is used for the heat insulating brick layer 40, the heat insulating brick is hollowed by “seri” due to thermal expansion of the heat insulating brick from the end of the furnace body to the operation. There is a high possibility of breakage of the insulating brick. Therefore, in the present embodiment, hollow bricks (that is, the hollow clay brick 32 and the hollow red brick 52) are installed in the clay brick layer 30 and the red brick layer 50, which are stronger than the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the heat insulating brick layer 40 is provided. Decided not to install hollow bricks.

  Thus, in the furnace end part 10 which concerns on this embodiment, while the hollow clay brick layer 30C is installed in the furnace inner side (combustion chamber 5A side) with high temperature, it is on the furnace outer side (concrete retaining wall 11 side) with low temperature. A hollow red brick layer 50B is installed. The hollow clay brick 32 has, as a hollow portion, through holes formed in the short direction, for example, and the hollow clay brick layer 30C includes a plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 so that the through holes communicate with the vertical direction Z. It is built by building up. Moreover, the hollow red brick 52 is formed with a through hole as a hollow portion, for example, in the longitudinal direction, and the hollow red brick layer 50B has a plurality of holes so that the through hole faces the horizontal direction (furnace length direction X). It is constructed by stacking hollow red bricks 52.

[3.2. Structure of hollow brick]
Here, with reference to FIG. 4, FIG. 5, the hollow brick which concerns on this embodiment is explained in full detail. FIG. 4 is a plan view (a), a front view (b), a longitudinal sectional view (c), and a plan view (d) of a modified example showing the hollow clay brick 32 according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a plan view (a) and a front view (b) showing a hollow red brick 52 according to the present embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 4, the hollow clay brick 32 is a concrete block-like clay brick having a hollow portion (through hole 322) inside the brick main body 321, and the material thereof is the same clay brick as the solid clay brick 31. Quality. The hollow portion of the hollow clay brick 32 includes a through-hole 322 that penetrates the central portion of the brick main body 321 in the vertical direction. The penetration direction of the through hole 322 is the short direction of the brick main body 321 and coincides with the vertical direction Z when the hollow clay bricks 32 are stacked.

  Thus, by comprising a hollow part with the through-hole 322, an air layer can be formed in the inside of the hollow clay brick 32, and each hollow clay brick 32 can acquire the heat insulation effect by an air layer. Further, when the hollow clay bricks 32 are stacked, the through holes 322 of the hollow clay bricks 32 adjacent in the vertical direction are communicated to form the vertical communication holes 60 in the vertical direction Z in the hollow clay brick layer 30C. Air can be circulated in the hole 60.

  Moreover, the convex part 323 and the recessed part 324 are formed in the both ends of the longitudinal direction (furnace length direction X) of the hollow clay brick 32, and the recessed part 324 and the convex part 323 have a shape which can be mutually fitted. Thus, when the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 are arranged in the furnace length direction X in the hollow clay brick layer 30C, the convex portions 323 and the concave portions 324 of the hollow clay bricks 32 adjacent to each other in the furnace length direction X are fitted. Therefore, the lateral displacement of the hollow clay brick 32 can be prevented. Furthermore, a groove 325 having a semicircular cross section, for example, is formed on the upper surface of the hollow clay brick 32 along the longitudinal direction of the brick main body 321 (furnace length direction X). When the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 are stacked in the vertical direction Z in the hollow clay brick layer 30C by the grooves 325, the hollow clay bricks 32 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction Z are fitted to each other, so that the hollow clay brick 32 Can be prevented from shifting.

  The hollow clay brick 32 is manufactured by, for example, press molding, and one or two or more through holes 322 are formed in each hollow clay brick 32. In the present embodiment, an example in which only one through-hole 322 is formed in one hollow clay brick 32 will be described (see FIG. 3A). Two or more in one hollow clay brick 32 A through hole 322 may be formed (see FIG. 3D).

Or forming a large through-hole 322, in the case of or forming a number of through holes 322, the cross-sectional area A ₂ of the hollow portion occupying in the cross-sectional area A of the hollow clay brick 32 (through holes 322) is increased, bricks cross-sectional area _{a 1} of the body 321 is reduced _{(a = a 1 + a 2} ). The cross-sectional area here means a cross-sectional area in a plane (XY plane in the example of FIG. 3) perpendicular to the penetration direction of the through-hole 322 of the hollow clay brick 32.

In order to ensure the strength of the hollow clay brick 32, the thickness of the peripheral portion (outer peripheral portion or rib portion) of the brick body 321 around the through hole 322 is at least 10 mm or more, and the brick occupies the cross-sectional area A of the entire brick. is preferably 1 greater than 10 minutes at a minimum the proportion of the cross-sectional area _{a 1} of the main body _{321 (a 1> 0.1 × a} ). In other words, it is preferable that the following cross-sectional area _A of at most 10 minutes the rate of ₂ 9 of the through-hole 322 occupying the sectional area _{A (A 2 ≦ 0.9 × A} ). Thereby, it is possible to prevent the occurrence frequency of defects during handling of the hollow clay brick 32 from being increased.

Although there is no limit to the number of installed through holes 322, as long as the total cross-sectional area A ₂ are the same through-hole 322, it is smaller installation number of the through holes 322 are preferred. This is because, in case of providing a large number of through-holes 322 may be a total cross-sectional area A ₂ are identical through holes 322, because the pressure loss when passing through the through hole 322 cooling air is increased . Of course, there is no problem when only the heat insulation effect by the air layer in the through hole 322 of each hollow clay brick 32 is expected without communicating the through hole 322 with the upper and lower hollow clay bricks 32. However, when air is circulated by communicating the through holes 322 and 322 of the upper and lower hollow clay bricks 32, if the pressure loss due to the provision of the plurality of through holes 322 is large, the positive air cooling effect is I can't expect much.

  Moreover, the case where a hole like a slit aggregate | assembly is formed as a hollow part of the hollow clay brick 32 is also considered. In this case, since the alignment between the slits of the upper and lower bricks becomes complicated, there is a work demerit that the furnace building time of the hollow clay brick layer 30C becomes longer.

Further, even if the one of the number of installed through holes 322, is also conceivable to increase the cross-sectional area A ₂ of the through hole 322. However, the cross-sectional area A ₂ is too large through-hole 322, the strength of the brick itself is lowered, the ratio of the cross-sectional area A ₂ of the through hole 322 occupying the sectional area A of the whole bricks, be 90% or less Is preferable (A ₂ ≦ 0.9 × A). On the other hand, the total cross-sectional area A ₂ of the through hole 322, when it is less than 5% of A, the internal space of the through hole 322 in the hollow clay brick 32 is too small, the heat insulating effect of the air layer can not be expected. From the above, the cross-sectional area _{A 2} of the hollow portion of the hollow clay brick 32 (through hole 322) is hollow clay brick 32 5% or more of the cross-sectional area A of preferably set to 90% or less (0.05 × A ≦ A ₂ ≦ 0.9 × A). Furthermore, from the balance between the heat insulating effect and the strength, A ₂ is more preferably 10% or more and 70% or less of A (0.1 × A ≦ A ₂ ≦ 0.7 × A).

  As shown in FIG. 5, the hollow red brick 52 is a square pipe-shaped red brick having a hollow portion therein, and the material thereof is the same red brick quality as that of the solid red brick 51. The brick main body 521 of the hollow red brick 52 has an elongated rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a through-hole 522 having a rectangular cross section is formed at the center of the brick main body 521. The through hole 522 is an example of a hollow portion of the hollow red brick 52, and is formed through the brick body 521 in the longitudinal direction. The heat insulation effect of the hollow red brick 52 is enhanced by the air layer in the through hole 522.

  Since red brick is usually manufactured by extrusion molding, an elongated rectangular red brick is easier to manufacture in order to manufacture a large red brick. In the present embodiment, from the viewpoint of improving the efficiency of the construction of the red brick layer 50, a large red brick layer 51 and a hollow red brick 52 having a length of about 300 mm in the longitudinal direction and a mass of about 6 kg are used. 50 built. The concrete block-shaped hollow clay brick 32 is manufactured by press molding, but the hollow red brick 52 is manufactured by extrusion molding. Therefore, the concrete block-shaped hollow red brick 52 similar to the hollow clay brick 32 can be manufactured at low cost. It is difficult to manufacture.

  Therefore, in this embodiment, as the hollow red brick 52, a square pipe-shaped red brick that is easy to be extruded is used. And from the viewpoint of simplifying the construction of the hollow red brick layer 50B, the plurality of square pipe-shaped hollow red bricks 52 are arranged in such a direction that the through direction of the through hole 522 is in the horizontal direction (furnace length direction X). Stacked to build a hollow red brick layer 50B. That is, when stacking the elongated hollow red bricks 52, it is easier to build the stacks in the horizontal direction than in the longitudinal direction of the hollow red bricks 52.

  At this time, the through holes 522 of the plurality of square pipe-shaped hollow red bricks 52 arranged in the furnace length direction X may be communicated with each other to form a communication hole extending in the furnace length direction X. Thereby, air can be circulated in the communication hole in the furnace length direction X, and the hollow red brick layer 50B can be provided with an air cooling function. However, in order to allow the through holes 522 of the plurality of hollow red bricks 52 to communicate with each other in this way, it takes time and labor to construct the mortar at the joints between the hollow red bricks 52. Therefore, the construction of the hollow red brick layer 50B is performed. There is also a disadvantage that the construction period becomes longer.

  Therefore, in the hollow red brick layer 50B according to the present embodiment, priority is given to ease of construction and cost reduction of the hollow red brick 52 without performing construction that allows the through holes 522 of the plurality of hollow red bricks 52 to communicate with each other. I let you. Even with such a structure, the heat insulation effect by the air layer in each hollow red brick 52 can be expected. Therefore, the heat insulation performance of the red brick layer 50 can be improved by providing the hollow red brick layer 50B on the red brick layer 50.

Also, increasing the through-hole 522 of the hollow red brick 52, the hollow portion occupying the sectional area of the hollow brick 52 B cross-sectional area _{B 2} is increased (through holes 522), the cross-sectional area _{B 1} of the brick body 521 Decrease (B = B ₁ + B ₂ ). In addition, the cross-sectional area here means the cross-sectional area in a plane (YZ plane in the example of FIG. 3) perpendicular to the penetration direction of the through hole 522 of the hollow red brick 52.

Sectional area _{B 2} of such hollow portions of the hollow brick 52 (through hole 522) is more than 10% of the cross-sectional area B of the hollow red brick 52, is preferably 70% or less. When the cross-sectional area B ₂ of the hollow portion is less than 10% of the cross-sectional area B, since the internal space of the through hole 522 in the hollow red bricks 52 is too small, the heat insulating effect of the air layer can not be expected. On the other hand, the cross-sectional area B ₂ of the hollow portion when is 70% of the cross-sectional area B, the thickness of the square pipe shaped brick body 521 becomes too thin, the desired strength of the hollow red brick 52 can not be obtained.

  The configuration example of the hollow clay brick 32 and the hollow red brick 52 according to the present embodiment has been described above. As described above, the hollow brick layer (hollow clay brick layer 30C, hollow red brick layer 50B) according to the present embodiment has a plurality of hollow bricks (hollow clay brick 32, hollow red brick 52) in the vertical direction Z and the furnace length. It is built in the direction X. In the conventional furnace end structure, the hollow part (through hole) is formed in the brick structure by devising the way to stack solid bricks with a solid rectangular shape so that the hollow part (through hole) is formed. Sometimes built. However, in this conventional method, when the number of through holes is increased, brick building work is very difficult, time consuming and inefficient.

  On the other hand, in this embodiment, the hollow clay brick layer 30C and the hollow red brick layer 50B are constructed using the hollow clay brick 32 and the hollow red brick 52 having the through holes 322 and 522. Thereby, the heat insulation effect of the air layer in the hollow brick layer can efficiently cool the furnace end 10 and the brick building work of the hollow brick layer can be easily and efficiently performed. Can be reduced.

  Further, in the construction of the hollow clay brick layer 30C, the hollow clay bricks 32 are stacked so that the through holes 322 and 322 of the hollow clay bricks 32 and 32 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction Z are in communication with each other. Build layer 30C. Thereby, as shown in FIG. 3, the vertical communication hole 60 which penetrates the inside of the hollow clay brick layer 30C in the up-down direction Z is formed. By forcibly or naturally circulating air in the vertical communication hole 60, the hollow clay brick layer 30C can be air-cooled, so that the heat insulation effect by the hollow clay brick layer 30C can be further improved.

[3.3. Arrangement of hollow brick layer]
Next, the arrangement of the hollow clay brick layer 30C in the clay brick layer 30 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the clay brick layer 30 is composed of three solid clay brick layers 30A, 30B, 30D and one hollow clay brick layer 30C. Among these, the hollow clay brick layer 30C is disposed so as to be sandwiched between the solid clay brick layers 30B and 30D, and the inside of the hollow clay brick layer 30C in the furnace group length direction Y (the combustion chamber 5A side, that is, the furnace) Inside, there are two solid clay brick layers 30A, 30B. Thus, at least one solid clay brick layer is disposed inside the furnace of the hollow clay brick layer 30C. The reason is as follows.

  When the hollow clay brick layer 30C is disposed on the innermost furnace side of the clay brick layer 30 and is adjacent to the silica brick layer 20, the quartz brick 21 constituting the wall of the combustion chamber 5A is in operation of the coke oven 1. When it is spalled (broken), the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 5A easily leaks out of the furnace through the hollow clay brick 32, which may cause a disaster due to CO gas poisoning. Accordingly, solid clay brick layers 30A and 30B are installed inside the furnace of the clay brick layer 30, and even if the silica brick layer 20 is damaged, the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 5A passes through the hollow clay brick layer 30C. It is preferable to prevent leakage. Therefore, in the present embodiment, at least one layer (two layers in the example of FIG. 3) solid clay brick layers 30A and 30B are disposed outside the quartz brick layer 20 in the furnace group length direction Y, and a hollow is formed outside the layers. A clay brick layer 30C is disposed. The solid clay brick layers 30A and 30B can reliably prevent the combustion gas from leaking through the hollow clay brick layer 30C even when the silica brick layer 20 is damaged.

  In the present embodiment, the hollow clay brick layer 30C is disposed so as to be embedded in the center of the clay brick layer 30 in the furnace group length direction Y, and the solid clay brick layer is disposed on both sides of the hollow clay brick layer 30C. 30B and 30D are arranged. However, the present invention is not limited to this example. In the clay brick layer 30, the solid clay brick layer 30D is not provided, and the hollow clay brick layer 30C is disposed on the outermost side of the clay brick layer 30 to insulate the hollow clay brick layer 30C. You may arrange | position adjacent to the brick layer 40. FIG. Alternatively, in the clay brick layer 30, only one solid clay brick layer 30A may be disposed inside the furnace, and only one hollow clay brick layer 30C may be disposed outside the furnace. Also by these, the heat insulation effect by the hollow clay brick layer 30C and the gas leakage prevention function by the solid clay brick layer 30A can be exhibited. However, when installing a plurality of solid clay brick layers 30A, 30B inside the furnace of the hollow clay brick layer 30C, or when installing a solid clay brick layer 30D outside the furnace of the hollow clay brick layer 30C. Further, the structure of the clay brick layer 30 can be strengthened, and the leakage of combustion gas can be prevented more reliably.

  In the present embodiment, only one hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C is provided in the clay brick layer 30, but two or more hollow clay brick layers may be provided in the clay brick layer 30. Thereby, since the air layer in the said 2 or more hollow clay brick layer increases, the heat insulation performance by the clay brick layer 30 can be improved.

  Moreover, although the hollow clay brick layer 30C which concerns on this embodiment is built using only the hollow clay brick 32, it is not limited to this example. For example, the hollow clay brick layer 30C may be constructed by using a combination of the hollow clay brick 32 and the solid clay brick 31. In this case, although the vertical communication hole 60 cannot be formed in the hollow clay brick layer 30C, it is possible to exert a heat insulating effect by the air layer of the hollow clay brick 32.

  Further, in the case of the hollow clay brick layer 30C, the length of the furnace group of the furnace end portion 10 is set so that the surface temperature of the heat insulating brick layer 40 is equal to or lower than the heat resistant temperature of the heat insulating brick 41 (for example, 900 ° C. or lower). The hollow clay brick 32 and the solid clay brick 31 are preferably used in combination so that the thickness d in the direction Y is less than 2.5 m, preferably 2 m or less.

  Next, the arrangement of the hollow red brick layer 50B in the red brick layer 50 will be described. As shown in FIG. 3, the red brick layer 50 includes one solid red brick layer 50A and one hollow red brick layer 50B, and the hollow red brick layer 50B is inside the furnace of the solid red brick layer 50A. And is adjacent to the insulating brick layer 40. As described above, in this embodiment, the hollow red brick layer 50 </ b> B is installed on the innermost side of the red brick layer 50. However, the present invention is not limited to this example, and the hollow red brick layer 50B may be embedded in the center of the red brick layer 50, or the hollow red brick layer 50B is adjacent to the concrete retaining wall 11 outside the red brick layer 50. The same heat insulation effect can be obtained also in these cases.

  In the present embodiment, the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C is installed in the clay brick layer 30 and the hollow red brick layer 50 </ b> B is installed in the red brick layer 50 in order to improve the heat insulation performance of the furnace end 10. However, it is not always necessary to install the hollow red brick layer 50 </ b> B on the red brick layer 50, and it is only necessary to install the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C on the clay brick layer 30. Even in this case, it is possible to obtain the heat insulation performance necessary for protecting the concrete retaining wall 11 by the heat insulation performance of only the hollow clay brick layer 30C.

[3.4. Insulating brick layer communication hole]
Next, with reference to FIG. 6, the communication hole formed in the clay brick layer 30 which concerns on this embodiment is explained in full detail. FIG. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view (a) and a horizontal sectional view (b) of the clay brick layer 30 according to the present embodiment. 6A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 3, and FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 6A.

  As shown in FIGS. 6 and 3, the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C of the clay brick layer 30 is constructed by stacking a plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 in the vertical direction Z and the furnace length direction X. At this time, the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 are stacked so that the through holes 322 and 322 of the hollow clay bricks 32 and 32 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction Z communicate with each other. Then, through holes 322 of the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 communicate with each other in the vertical direction Z, a plurality of vertical communication holes 60 are formed in the hollow clay brick layer 30C.

  As shown in FIG. 6, on the XZ plane of the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C, a plurality of vertical communication holes 60 are installed in the furnace length direction X at predetermined intervals. Each vertical communication hole 60 communicates in the vertical direction Z from the upper end to the lower end of the hollow clay brick layer 30C. Although the vertical communication hole 60 according to the present embodiment extends in the vertical direction Z (vertical direction), the vertical communication hole is adjusted by adjusting the penetration direction and position of the through holes 322 formed in each hollow clay brick 32. 60 may extend in an oblique direction.

  Moreover, the horizontal communicating holes 61 and 62 which penetrate the clay brick layer 30 in the furnace length direction X (horizontal direction) are formed in the upper end part and lower end part of the hollow clay brick layer 30C. The horizontal communication hole includes an upper side horizontal communication hole 61 that communicates with the upper ends of the plurality of vertical communication holes 60, and a lower side horizontal communication hole 62 that communicates the lower end of the vertical communication hole 60. Then, both ends of the upper side lateral communication hole 61 and the lower side lateral communication hole 62 in the furnace length direction X are open and open to the outside air outside the coke oven 1. In addition to the horizontal communication holes 61 and 62 described above, a horizontal communication hole (not shown) that communicates the central portion of the vertical communication hole 60 in the vertical direction Z may be provided.

  Furthermore, a plurality of furnace top communication holes 63 are formed through the furnace top 6 above the hollow clay brick layer 30C. The furnace top communication hole 63 communicates the upper side horizontal communication hole 61 and the furnace top in the vertical direction Z.

  As described above, a plurality of communication holes 60, 61, 62, and 63 are formed vertically and horizontally in the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C according to the present embodiment and its periphery, and air flows through the communication holes. Thus, the hollow clay brick layer 30C can be air-cooled. For example, room-temperature air outside the furnace flows into the lower-side horizontal communication holes 62 from the openings at both ends of the lower-side horizontal communication holes 62 and flows upward in the vertical communication holes 60 due to the chimney effect. Then, the air flows into the upper side lateral communication hole 61 from the vertical communication hole 60, and flows out of the furnace from the openings at both ends of the upper side lateral communication hole 61. Further, the air may flow out of the furnace from the upper side lateral communication hole 61 through the furnace top communication hole 63. Thus, when air circulates in the communication holes 60, 61, 62, the hollow clay brick layer 30C is air-cooled by exchanging heat with the hollow clay brick 32 of the hollow clay brick layer 30C having a high temperature.

  As described above, in the clay brick layer 30 according to the present embodiment, air is sucked from the lower side horizontal communication hole 62 at the bottom of the hollow clay brick layer 30C, the inside of the vertical communication hole 60 is raised, and the heated air is It is discharged from the uppermost upper side lateral communication hole 61 or the like. With this configuration, in addition to the heat insulation effect due to the air layer in the communication holes 60, 61, 62, it is possible to have the effect of effectively cooling the clay brick layer 30 by the air flow in the communication holes 60, 61, 62. . Therefore, the clay brick layer 30 can reduce the temperature of the furnace end 10 more effectively, and can suppress the temperature rise of the concrete retaining wall 11.

  Further, hot air generated by heating means such as a burner and air blowing means is forcedly circulated in the communication holes 60, 61, 62 when the temperature of the furnace body is raised at the start of the coke oven 1 or the like. Also good. Thereby, the clay brick layer 30 can be heated with the high temperature air which distribute | circulates the inside of the vertical communication hole 60, and the brick structure of the furnace end part 10 which is hard to heat up can be heated up in a short time. Therefore, the quality of the coke produced in the carbonization chamber 4 near the furnace end 10 is improved, which leads to an improvement in yield.

  On the other hand, the furnace end 10 can be forcibly cooled by introducing external cooling air into the communication holes 60, 61, 62 as described above. At this time, the temperature of the furnace end 10 and the temperature of the furnace end are controlled by controlling the introduction amount of the cooling air by adjusting the opening area of the openings at both ends of the upper side lateral communication hole 61 and the lower side lateral communication hole 62. The temperature of the carbonization chamber 4 close to 10 can be accurately controlled.

[4. Summary]
The furnace end heat insulating structure of the coke oven 1 according to the present embodiment has been described in detail above. According to the present embodiment, by installing the hollow clay brick layer 30C composed of the hollow clay brick 32 on the clay brick layer 30 of the furnace end portion 10, a heat insulating effect by the air layer in the hollow clay brick layer 30C (ie, By increasing the thermal conductivity of the clay brick layer 30, the temperature of the furnace end 10 can be effectively reduced. Further, by installing the hollow red brick layer 50B made of the hollow red brick 52 on the red brick layer 50 at the furnace end 10 as well, the heat insulation effect by the air layer in the hollow red brick layer 50B (that is, the red brick layer 50). The temperature of the furnace end 10 can be further lowered by the increase in the thermal conductivity of the furnace. In addition, since the clay brick layer 30 can be effectively air-cooled by circulating the cooling air through the communication holes 60, 61, 62 of the hollow clay brick layer 30C, the temperature of the furnace end 10 is further lowered by the air-cooling effect. Can be made.

  Accordingly, since the amount of heat transmitted from the furnace end 10 to the concrete retaining wall 11 can be reduced and the temperature rise of the concrete retaining wall 11 can be sufficiently suppressed, the temperature of the concrete retaining wall 11 is steadily adjusted to the concrete safe temperature (for example, 100 ° C) or below. Therefore, the concrete retaining wall 11 can be prevented from deteriorating over a long period of time and the required strength can be secured, so that the furnace end structure of the coke oven 1 can be stabilized and the life of the coke oven 1 can be extended.

  Furthermore, instead of using a conventional heat insulation material such as inorganic fiber, a heat insulation layer is formed, and an air heat insulation layer is constructed using a high-strength hollow brick, and the heat insulation performance of the furnace end 10 Can be improved. Therefore, since the strength of the structure of the furnace end 10 is not lowered, the structural stability of the furnace end 10 can be ensured.

  Further, a high heat insulating effect can be obtained with a compact structure without increasing the thickness d of the furnace end portion 10 in the furnace group length direction Y. Therefore, there is no need to increase the size of the coke oven 1, the labor and cost of building the furnace end 10 can be suppressed, and the construction efficiency of the furnace can be improved. In addition, if a part of the furnace end 10 of the existing coke oven is repaired, the heat insulation structure can be constructed. Therefore, it is not necessary to destroy the existing concrete retaining wall 11, repair costs can be reduced, and problems such as treatment of concrete waste do not occur.

  As a compact structure, the thickness d (the thickness from the outer surface of the silica brick layer 20 to the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11) of the furnace end portion Y in the furnace group length direction Y is preferably less than 2.5 m. In the case of a coke oven built only with conventional solid bricks, the surface temperature of the concrete retaining wall 11 could not normally be made 100 ° C. or less unless the thickness is secured 2.5 to 3 m or more. By making the thickness thinner than this, it can be considered as a compact structure. Moreover, in order to enjoy the effect of making the coke oven more compact, it is more preferable that the thickness d is 2 m or less.

  In addition, by stacking a plurality of hollow clay bricks 32, the communication holes 60, 61, 62 that serve as vent holes can be easily built inside the brick structure of the furnace end 10, so that the workability of the furnace building work is greatly increased. improves. Further, by setting the weight of each brick constituting the furnace end portion 10 to, for example, about 5 to 10 kg, an operator can lift and build up the brick independently, thereby improving workability.

  Moreover, although it is environmentally important to reduce the amount of heat dissipated from the coke oven 1 which is a huge heating element, the amount of heat dissipated from the coke oven 1 can be obtained by utilizing the furnace end heat insulating structure according to this embodiment. This contributes to energy saving.

  Further, the hollow portion in the clay brick layer 30 of the furnace end portion 10 is communicated to form communication holes 60, 61, 62, etc., which are used as cooling air flow passages, so that the temperature of the furnace end portion 10 and the concrete retention can be increased. The temperature of the wall 11 can be controlled. Further, the air flow rate in the communication holes 60, 61, 62 is controlled by adjusting the opening amounts of both ends of the horizontal communication holes 61, 62, or the air fed into the communication holes 60, 61, 62 By controlling the temperature, the temperature of the furnace end 10 and the temperature of the concrete retaining wall 11 can be freely controlled.

  Next, examples of the present invention will be described. It should be noted that the following examples merely show tests performed to demonstrate the effects of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the test conditions of the following examples.

  A test for evaluating the heat insulation performance and workability of the furnace end heat insulation structure of the coke oven 1 was conducted. In this test, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the furnace end having a 2 m square (the thickness of the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50 (corresponding to the thickness d in FIG. 3) is 1.65 m). I made a model of the club. In the comparative example, as shown in FIG. 7, the quartz brick layer 20, the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50 were constructed using only solid bricks of the respective materials. On the other hand, in the embodiment of the present invention, the clay brick layer 30 is provided with the hollow clay brick layer 30C made of the hollow clay brick 32, and the red brick layer 50 is provided with the hollow red brick layer 50B made of the hollow red brick 52. The characteristics of the bricks constituting each brick layer are as shown in Tables 2 to 5 below.

  Moreover, in this test, the one side surface (silica brick layer side) of the model of the furnace end 10 is heated to 1300 ° C. with a gas burner to raise the temperature of the model, and the other side of the model (concrete retaining wall 11). The temperature T of the side surface was measured. However, since it is a model test, the hollow clay brick layer 30C of the example is provided with only the vertical communication hole 60 without providing the upper and lower horizontal communication holes 61 and 62 (see FIG. 6), and the vertical communication hole. The upper and lower ends of 60 were opened and forced cooling was performed, and the cooling effect was confirmed.

  The test conditions and evaluation results are shown in Table 6.

In Table 6, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the hollow part means the cross-sectional area of the hollow part of the hollow brick (the cross-sectional area A ₂ or B ₂ ) and the cross-sectional area of the entire hollow brick (the cross-sectional area A or B). The percentage of the value divided by. The communication of the hollow portion means whether or not the through holes 322 of the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 and the through holes 522 of the plurality of hollow red bricks 52 are communicated with each other.

  In this test, the workability when building the furnace end 10 model was also evaluated. “◎” indicates that the construction is most efficient when bricks are not processed at the construction site, and the construction is efficient and the construction quality is good. In addition, “◯” indicates that although additional work such as dimension adjustment has occurred, there is no on-site brick processing, and there is no problem in practical use even in terms of furnace construction quality, and the workability is high. In addition, “x” represents that brick processing for size adjustment occurs in the furnace building operation, the efficiency and the quality of the furnace construction are not good, and the workability is not necessarily high. The results of the model test are described below.

  The comparative example 1 is an example of the furnace end part structure which does not provide a hollow brick layer (refer FIG. 7). In Comparative Example 1, the temperature T (hereinafter referred to as “concrete temperature T”) of the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11 exceeds 300 ° C., indicating that the heat insulating property is insufficient. Further, in Comparative Example 1, the temperature of the surface of the heat insulating brick layer 40 (clay brick layer 30 side) exceeds 1000 ° C., and it is considered that the heat insulating brick is deteriorated when applied for a long time with an actual machine.

  In Comparative Example 2, a rectangular parallel-type (230 × 130 × 65 mm) solid clay brick 31 is processed on-site, and a plurality of such bricks are combined so that a duct is formed at the center. This is an example in which a duct as a hollow portion is formed in 30. In this comparative example 2, the workability of the furnace end 10 is very poor because the processing of bricks at the site increases. Therefore, although the heat insulating property can be obtained, the overall evaluation is “x”.

  Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are examples in which the hollow red brick layer 50 </ b> B made of the square pipe-shaped hollow red brick 52 is provided, but the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C is not provided. In these Comparative Examples 3 and 4, although the concrete temperature T is lower than that in Comparative Example 1, it is not lowered to 100 ° C. or lower which is a safe temperature. Therefore, according to Comparative Examples 4 and 5, it can be said that it is demonstrated that it is necessary to provide not only the hollow red brick layer 50B but also the hollow clay brick layer 30C.

  On the other hand, in Example 1-7, since the hollow clay brick layer 30C is installed using the hollow clay brick 32, it is excellent in heat insulation performance, and can suppress concrete temperature T to 100 degrees C or less which is safe temperature. I understand that. When Examples 1-3 are compared, it turns out that concrete temperature T can be suppressed, so that the cross-sectional area ratio of a hollow part becomes large. In particular, Example 3 is a case where two hollow parts (through holes 322) having the same cross-sectional area as Example 2 are formed in one hollow clay brick 32, and the cross-sectional area ratio of the hollow part is that of Example 2. The concrete temperature T was suppressed to 40 ° C.

  Moreover, in Examples 1-4, in addition to the hollow clay brick layer 30C, the hollow red brick layer 50B is also installed, whereas in Examples 5-7, the hollow red brick layer 50B is not installed. Comparing the results of Example 2 and Example 5 in which the cross-sectional area ratio of the hollow part is the same, by installing the hollow clay brick layer 30C and the hollow red brick layer 50B as in Examples 1-4, It can be seen that the concrete temperature T can be effectively suppressed.

  Further, comparing Example 6 and Example 7, as in Example 7, the hollow portions of the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32 are communicated to form the vertical communication hole 60, and forced air cooling is performed through the vertical communication hole 60. It turns out that concrete temperature T can also be suppressed by 20 degreeC. Furthermore, when Example 2 and Example 4 are compared, the hollow part (through-hole 522) of several hollow red bricks 52 is connected like Example 4, and a horizontal communicating hole is formed, Through the said horizontal communicating hole It turns out that concrete temperature T can also be suppressed by 15 degreeC by forced air cooling.

  In Example 6, since the hollow clay brick layer 30C is built without communicating the hollow portions of the plurality of hollow clay bricks 32, the labor and cost of building the hollow clay brick layer 30C can be reduced. It turns out that it is excellent in property. Even when the hollow portion of the hollow clay brick 32 is not communicated as in the sixth embodiment, the concrete temperature T can be suppressed to a safe temperature of 100 ° C. or lower.

  Further, Example 8 is an example in which the hollow clay brick layer 30C is constructed using the hollow clay brick 32 having a low cross-sectional area ratio of 5% as the hollow portion (through hole 322), and the hollow red brick layer 50B is not installed. is there. In Example 8, the concrete temperature T decreased to 150 ° C. Although the temperature T did not become 100 ° C. or lower, the temperature of the surface of the heat insulating brick layer 40 (clay brick layer 30 side) becomes 800 ° C. or lower, and the temperature range in which the heat insulating brick does not deteriorate even when applied for a long time with an actual machine. became. In all other Examples 1 to 7, the temperature of the surface of the heat insulating brick layer 40 (the clay brick layer 30 side) was 800 ° C. or less, and the temperature range in which the heat insulating brick was not deteriorated.

  Further, if the total thickness (corresponding to the thickness d in FIG. 3) of the clay brick layer 30, the heat insulating brick layer 40, and the red brick layer 50 is fixed to 2 m while the ratio of the thickness in the furnace group length direction Y is fixed ( In this test, 1.65 m), even when the hollow clay brick layer 30C of Example 8 is used, it is considered that the concrete temperature T can be lowered to 100 ° C. or less, and the concrete is maintained while maintaining a sufficiently compact structure. It was found that a temperature range in which no deterioration occurs can be maintained.

  From the above test results, even if the hollow clay brick layer 30C is applied alone, the heat insulating effect of suppressing the concrete temperature T is exhibited, but even if the hollow red brick layer 50B is applied alone, the heat insulating effect is low. I understood. Moreover, even if the hollow part (through-hole 322) of the hollow clay brick 32 was enlarged, workability was not necessarily good and problems in terms of brick production also occurred. For this reason, the furnace end part 10 was constructed as a furnace end part heat insulation structure of the actual furnace of the coke oven 1 based on Example 2 shown in Table 2. When building the furnace, mortar was applied to bond the bricks, but the vertical communication holes 60 were formed so as not to block the through holes 322 of the hollow clay brick 32 with mortar. Further, in the upper and lower portions of the clay brick layer 30, horizontal communication holes 61 and 62 are formed in the furnace length direction X so as to communicate with the plurality of vertical communication holes 60, and furnaces are formed at both ends of the horizontal communication holes 61 and 62. An opening connected to the outside was provided (see FIG. 6).

  Further, in order to prevent the combustion gas in the combustion chamber 5A from leaking out of the furnace through the hollow clay brick layer 30C when the silica brick layer 20 is damaged, the solid clay is formed on the quartz brick layer 20 side in the clay brick layer 30. Only one brick layer 30A was installed, and a hollow clay brick layer 30C was installed outside the furnace. The red brick layer 50 was provided with a hollow red brick layer 50 </ b> B inside the furnace using a square pipe-shaped hollow red brick 52. And during the drying period after the furnace construction of the furnace end 10, the furnace end 10 is not easily heated, so the openings at both ends of the horizontal communication holes 61 and 62 of the hollow clay brick layer 30 </ b> C are closed with brick. . Then, after the heating and drying of the furnace body is completed, the opening amount of the furnace end 10 is changed by changing the air circulation amount in the vertical communication holes 60, 61, 62 by opening the opening only half or fully opening the opening. The temperature was adjusted.

  When the temperature T of the inner surface 11a of the concrete retaining wall 11 was measured in six months after the start of the operation of the coke oven 1 constructed as described above, it was about 60 ° C. Thus, according to the present embodiment, the temperature T, which has been 300 ° C. or higher in the related art, can be significantly reduced to a temperature lower than the safe temperature at which the concrete retaining wall 11 does not deteriorate. It was proved that heat dissipation can be suppressed and that it contributes to energy saving of the coke oven 1.

  The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to such examples. It is obvious that a person having ordinary knowledge in the technical field to which the present invention pertains can come up with various changes or modifications within the scope of the technical idea described in the claims. Of course, it is understood that these also belong to the technical scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Coke oven 2 Sole flue 3 Heat storage chamber 4 Carbonization chamber 5 Combustion chamber 5A Outermost combustion chamber 6 Furnace top part 10 Furnace end part 11 Concrete retaining wall 11a Inner surface 20 Silica brick layer 21 Solid silica brick 30 Clay brick layer 30A, 30B , 30D Solid clay brick layer 30C Hollow clay brick layer 31 Solid clay brick 32 Hollow clay brick 40 Heat insulation brick layer 41 Solid heat insulation brick 50 Red brick layer 50A Solid red brick layer 50B Hollow red brick layer 51 Solid red brick 52 Hollow red brick 60 Vertical communication hole 61 Upper side horizontal communication hole 62 Lower side horizontal communication hole 63 Furnace top communication hole 321 Brick body 322 Through hole 323 Protrusion 324 Recess 325 Groove 521 Brick main body 522 Through hole X Furnace length direction Y Furnace Leader direction Z Vertical direction

Claims (6)

A furnace end heat insulating structure between the combustion chamber and the concrete retaining wall at the end of the coke oven in the length direction of the furnace group,
A quartz brick layer composed of a plurality of quartz bricks forming the combustion chamber;
A clay brick layer provided on the outer side in the furnace chamber length direction of the silica brick layer, and comprising a plurality of clay bricks;
A heat-insulating brick layer comprising a plurality of heat-insulating bricks, provided on the outside of the clay brick layer in the furnace group length direction;
A red brick layer provided between the heat insulating brick layer and the concrete retaining wall, and comprising a plurality of red bricks,
The clay brick layer is
A solid clay brick layer, which is provided on the inner side in the furnace group length direction and consists of a plurality of solid clay bricks,
A hollow clay brick layer comprising a plurality of hollow clay bricks provided outside the solid clay brick layer in the furnace group length direction and having a hollow portion;
A furnace end heat insulating structure, comprising: The hollow portion of the hollow clay brick comprises a through-hole penetrating the hollow clay brick in the vertical direction,
By stacking the hollow clay bricks so that the through holes of the hollow clay bricks adjacent in the vertical direction communicate with each other, the hollow clay brick layer is built,
2. The furnace end heat insulating structure according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of vertical communication holes are formed in the hollow clay brick layer when the through holes of the hollow clay brick communicate with each other in a vertical direction.   3. The furnace end heat insulating structure according to claim 2, further comprising at least one horizontal communication hole penetrating the clay brick layer in a furnace length direction and communicating the plurality of vertical communication holes. The lateral communication hole is
An upper-side lateral communication hole that communicates with the upper portions of the plurality of vertical communication holes;
A lower-side lateral communication hole that communicates with a lower portion of the plurality of vertical communication holes;
Including
The furnace end heat insulating structure according to claim 3, wherein both ends of the upper side lateral communication hole and the lower side lateral communication hole in the furnace length direction are open to the outside air.   The furnace end according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein a cross-sectional area of the hollow portion of the hollow clay brick is 5% or more and 90% or less of a cross-sectional area of the hollow clay brick. Partial insulation structure. The furnace end heat insulating structure according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the red brick layer includes a hollow red brick layer including a plurality of hollow red bricks having a hollow portion.