JP6060410B2 - Power line communication system and watt-hour meter used therefor - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、電力線通信システムに関し、特に、電力使用量の監視に好適な電力線通信システムに関する。 The present invention relates to a power line communication system, and more particularly, to a power line communication system suitable for monitoring power usage.
近年、震災の影響で原子力発電所の運転ができないケースが増え、電力供給の余裕度がなくなり、各電力会社は綱渡りの運用状態が続いている。これを受けて、電力の遠隔検針システムと需要家の消費電力を可視化して節電を促すモニタリングシステム（以下、宅内システム）の導入が急ピッチで検討されている（特許文献１〜３参照）。 In recent years, the number of cases where nuclear power plants cannot be operated due to the effects of the earthquake has increased, and there has been no margin for power supply. In response to this, the introduction of a remote power metering system and a monitoring system that visualizes the power consumption of consumers and promotes power saving (hereinafter referred to as “home system”) has been studied at a rapid pace (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
電力会社が運用する遠隔検針システムと需要家向け宅内システムは、セキュリティ上の問題から同一システムとすることができないため、別々のシステムとして構築する必要がある。日本で使用できる電力線通信には、１０ｋ〜４５０ｋＨｚの低域側の周波数帯を使用するものと、２Ｍ〜３０ＭＨｚの広域側の周波数帯を使用するものの２種類が存在するが、高域側は法規制の関係上、屋内での使用のみが許されている。遠隔検針システムは、屋外から引き込む電力線を使って通信するものであるため、低域側の周波数帯を必然的に使用することになる。宅内システムについても、高域側の周波数帯を使用した屋内ＬＡＮ製品との干渉を避ける目的で、低域側の周波数帯を使用することが望ましい。 The remote meter reading system operated by the electric power company and the customer premises system cannot be made the same system due to security problems, and therefore need to be constructed as separate systems. There are two types of power line communications that can be used in Japan, one that uses a low frequency band of 10k to 450kHz and one that uses a wide frequency band of 2M to 30MHz. Only indoor use is allowed due to regulatory restrictions. Since the remote meter reading system communicates using a power line drawn from the outdoors, the low frequency band is inevitably used. As for the in-home system, it is desirable to use the low frequency band for the purpose of avoiding interference with indoor LAN products using the high frequency band.
しかしながら、遠隔検針システムと宅内システムの両方で低域側の周波数帯を使用した場合、同一電力線上に同一周波数帯を使用する２つのシステムが存在することになり、互いの通信の干渉が避けられないという問題がある。この問題を避けるため、１０ｋ〜４５０ｋＨｚの周波数を両者で分割する案も考えられるが、もともと帯域が狭いため、分割すると伝送速度の低下や耐ノイズ性の低下などの問題が発生する。また、両者を時分割する案も考えられるが、家電機器内蔵モデムと電力量計間に内蔵された遠隔検針システムのモデム、宅内システムのモデム間での同期を確保する必要があり、システムが複雑になるという問題がある。 However, when the low frequency band is used in both the remote meter reading system and the home system, there will be two systems that use the same frequency band on the same power line, and interference between each other can be avoided. There is no problem. In order to avoid this problem, it is conceivable to divide the frequency of 10 kHz to 450 kHz. However, since the band is originally narrow, problems such as a decrease in transmission speed and a decrease in noise resistance occur when the frequency is divided. In addition, there may be a plan to divide both, but it is necessary to ensure synchronization between the modem of the remote meter reading system built in between the home appliance built-in modem and the watt hour meter, and the modem of the home system. There is a problem of becoming.
本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたものであり、本発明の目的は、共通の電力線上で低域側の周波数帯を使用して遠隔検針システムと宅内システムの両方を共存させることが可能な電力線通信システムを提供することにある。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to allow both a remote meter reading system and a home system to coexist using a low frequency band on a common power line. An object of the present invention is to provide a power line communication system.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明による電力線通信システムは、変圧器から需要家へと延びる接地線、第１の非接地線および第２の非接地線からなる単相３線式の低圧配電線と、需要家が使用する電気機器の使用電力量を計測する電力量計と、を有する配電設備に設置する電力線通信システムであって、前記変圧器寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続された第１の電力線モデムと、前記電力量計より需要家側の前記低圧配電線に接続された第２の電力線モデムと、前記第１の電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記電力量計寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続され、前記第１の電力線モデムと電力線通信を行う第３の電力線モデムと、前記第３の電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記電力量計寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続され、前記第２の電力線モデムと電力線通信を行う第４の電力線モデムと、前記低圧配電線上の前記第３の電力線モデムの接続点と前記第４の通信モデムの接続点との間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第１の非接地線と接続する第１のバイパスコンデンサと、前記第３の電力線モデムと前記第４の通信モデムとの間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第２の非接地線とを接続する第２のバイパスコンデンサとを備えることを特徴とする。 In order to solve the above problems, a power line communication system according to the present invention is a single-phase three-wire low-voltage distribution line comprising a ground line extending from a transformer to a consumer, a first non-ground line, and a second non-ground line. And a watt-hour meter for measuring the amount of electric power used by an electric device used by a consumer, a power line communication system installed in a distribution facility, wherein the first connected to the low-voltage distribution line near the transformer A power line modem, a second power line modem connected to the low-voltage distribution line on the consumer side from the watt-hour meter, and the low-voltage distribution line closer to the watt-hour meter than a connection point of the first power line modem A third power line modem that performs power line communication with the first power line modem, and is connected to the low-voltage distribution line closer to the power meter than a connection point of the third power line modem, Power line A fourth power line modem that performs power line communication with the dem, and a connection point between the third power line modem and the connection point of the fourth communication modem on the low-voltage distribution line, A first bypass capacitor connected to a ground line and the first ungrounded line; and provided between the third power line modem and the fourth communication modem; and the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line and the And a second bypass capacitor connected to the second ungrounded line.
本発明によれば、第１の電力線モデムと第３の電力線モデムとの間の通信ルート（Ａルート）と第２の電力線モデムと第４の電力線モデムとの間の通信ルート（Ｂルート）とを第１及び第２のバイパスコンデンサによって分離することができる。したがって、Ａルートの電力線通信とＢルートの電力線通信との相互干渉を防止することができ、共通の電力線上で同じ周波数帯を使用して２つの異なる電力線通信を共存させることができる。 According to the present invention, a communication route (A route) between the first power line modem and the third power line modem, and a communication route (B route) between the second power line modem and the fourth power line modem. Can be separated by first and second bypass capacitors. Therefore, it is possible to prevent mutual interference between the A-route power line communication and the B-route power line communication, and two different power line communications can coexist on the common power line using the same frequency band.
本発明において、前記第１の電力線モデム及び前記第３の電力線モデムは、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線に誘導結合方式により接続されており、前記第２の電力線モデムは、前記低圧配電線の前記第１の非接地線及び前記第２の非接地線の少なくとも一方に容量結合方式により接続されており、前記第４の電力線モデムは、前記低圧配電線の前記第１の非接地線及び前記第２の非接地線の両方に誘導結合方式により接続されていることが好ましい。通常、第２の電力線モデムは家電機器の一部として設置され、非接地線に接続されるので、第１及び第３の電力線モデムを接地線に接続することにより、Ａルートの電力線通信とＢルートの電力線通信とを確実に分離することができる。 In the present invention, the first power line modem and the third power line modem are connected to the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line by an inductive coupling method, and the second power line modem is connected to the low-voltage distribution line. The fourth power line modem is connected to at least one of the first non-ground line and the second non-ground line by a capacitive coupling method, and the fourth power line modem includes the first non-ground line and the It is preferable that both of the second non-ground lines are connected by an inductive coupling method. Usually, the second power line modem is installed as a part of the home appliance and connected to the ungrounded line. Therefore, by connecting the first and third power line modems to the ground line, the power line communication of A route and B The power line communication of the route can be reliably separated.
本発明において、前記第３の電力線モデムは、前記電力量計による電力使用量の検針データを前記第１の電力線モデムに送信することが好ましく、前記第４の電力線モデムは、前記電力量計による電力使用量の検針データを前記第２の電力線モデムに送信することが好ましい。この構成によれば、共通の低圧配電線上に遠隔検針システムと宅内システムの両方を共存させることができる。 In the present invention, it is preferable that the third power line modem transmits meter-reading data of power usage by the watt hour meter to the first power line modem, and the fourth power line modem is based on the watt hour meter. It is preferable to transmit meter-reading data of power consumption to the second power line modem. According to this configuration, both the remote meter reading system and the home system can coexist on a common low-voltage distribution line.
本発明において、前記第１乃至第４の電力線モデムの使用周波数は１０ｋ〜４５０ｋＨｚであることが好ましい。この構成によれば、低域側の周波数帯を使用して２つの異なる電力線通信を共存させることができる。 In the present invention, the operating frequency of the first to fourth power line modems is preferably 10 k to 450 kHz. According to this configuration, two different power line communications can coexist using the lower frequency band.
さらにまた、本発明による電力量計は、変圧器から需要家へと延びる接地線、第１の非接地線および第２の非接地線からなる単相３線式の低圧配電線の需要家寄りに設置され、需要家が使用する電気機器の電力使用量を計測する電力量計であって、前記電力使用量を計測するセンサー部と、前記低圧配電線に接続された変圧器側電力線モデムと、前記変圧器側電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記需要家寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続された需要家側電力線モデムと、前記低圧配電線上の前記変圧器側電力線モデムの接続点と前記需要家側電力線モデムの接続点との間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第１の非接地線と接続する第１のバイパスコンデンサと、前記低圧配電線上の前記変圧器側電力線モデムの接続点と前記需要家側電力線モデムの接続点との間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第２の非接地線とを接続する第２のバイパスコンデンサとを備え、前記変圧器側電力線モデムは、前記センサー部に接続されると共に、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線に誘導結合方式により接続されており、前記需要家側電力線モデムは、前記センサー部に接続されると共に、前記低圧配電線の前記第１の非接地線及び前記第２の非接地線に誘導結合方式により接続されており、前記変圧器側及び需要家側電力線モデムは、前記センサー部による前記電力使用量の検針データを送信することを特徴とする。 Furthermore, the watt hour meter according to the present invention is close to a consumer of a single-phase three-wire low-voltage distribution line composed of a ground wire extending from the transformer to the consumer, a first non-ground wire, and a second non-ground wire. A watt-hour meter for measuring the amount of power used by an electric device used by a consumer, the sensor unit for measuring the amount of power used, and a transformer-side power line modem connected to the low-voltage distribution line; A customer-side power line modem connected to the low-voltage distribution line closer to the consumer than a connection point of the transformer-side power line modem, and a connection point of the transformer-side power line modem on the low-voltage distribution line and the consumer A first bypass capacitor provided between a connection point of the side power line modem and connected to the ground line of the low voltage distribution line and the first non-ground line; and the transformer side power line modem on the low voltage distribution line Connection point and the demand A second bypass capacitor provided between the connection point of the side power line modem and connecting the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line and the second non-ground line, the transformer side power line modem, In addition to being connected to the sensor unit and connected to the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line by an inductive coupling method, the consumer-side power line modem is connected to the sensor unit and the low-voltage distribution line The transformer side and consumer side power line modems are connected to the first non-ground line and the second non-ground line by the inductive coupling method, and the meter usage data of the power usage by the sensor unit is transmitted. It is characterized by that.
本発明によれば、共通の電力線上で低域側の周波数帯を使用して遠隔検針システムと宅内システムの共存を可能にする電力量計を提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the watt-hour meter which enables coexistence of a remote meter-reading system and a home system using the low frequency band on a common power line can be provided.
本発明によれば、共通の電力線上で低域側の周波数帯（１０ｋ〜４５０ｋＨｚ）を使用して遠隔検針システムと宅内システムの両方を共存させることが可能な電力線通信システムを提供することができる。 ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the power line communication system which can coexist both a remote meter-reading system and an in-home system using the low frequency band (10k-450kHz) on a common power line can be provided. .
以下、添付図面を参照しながら、本発明の好ましい実施の形態について詳細に説明する。 Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態による電力線通信システムの構成図である。 FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of a power line communication system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
図１に示すように、電力線通信システム１は、単相３線式の低圧配電線２の終端に接続された分電盤４と、分電盤４を介して低圧配電線２に接続された複数の家電機器７Ａ〜７Ｅと、低圧配電線２に接続された遠隔検針用の電力線モデム１０Ａと、家電機器７Ａ〜７Ｅの電力使用量を計測する電力量計１１とを備えている。 As shown in FIG. 1, the power line communication system 1 is connected to the low-voltage distribution line 2 through the distribution board 4 connected to the terminal end of the single-phase three-wire low-voltage distribution line 2 and the distribution board 4. A plurality of home appliances 7A to 7E, a power meter modem 10A for remote meter reading connected to the low-voltage distribution line 2, and a watt-hour meter 11 for measuring the power consumption of the home appliances 7A to 7E are provided.
低圧配電線２は、高圧配電線の電圧（６６００Ｖ）を商用電圧（１００Ｖまたは２００Ｖ）に降圧する柱上トランス（変圧器）３の２次側（低圧側）に接続された３本の電力線２ａ，２ｂ，２ｃからなる。これらの電力線のうち、柱上トランス３の２次側の一端及び他端に接続された電力線２ａ，２ｃ（赤相、黒相）は非接地線であり、２次側の中点に接続された電力線２ｂ（白相）は接地線（中性線）である。電力線２ａ，２ｃ間（赤黒相）の電圧は２００Ｖであり、電力線２ａ，２ｂ間（赤白相）及び電力線２ｃ，２ｂ間（黒白相）の電圧はともに１００Ｖである。 The low voltage distribution line 2 includes three power lines 2a connected to the secondary side (low voltage side) of the pole transformer (transformer) 3 that steps down the voltage (6600V) of the high voltage distribution line to the commercial voltage (100V or 200V). , 2b, 2c. Among these power lines, the power lines 2a and 2c (red phase and black phase) connected to one end and the other end on the secondary side of the pole transformer 3 are ungrounded lines and are connected to the midpoint of the secondary side. The power line 2b (white phase) is a ground line (neutral line). The voltage between the power lines 2a and 2c (red and black phase) is 200V, and the voltage between the power lines 2a and 2b (red and white phase) and between the power lines 2c and 2b (black and white phase) is 100V.
電力線モデム１０Ａ（第１の電力線モデム）は低圧配電線２の柱上トランス３寄りに接続されている。本実施形態において、電力線モデム１０Ａは、低圧配電線２の白相の電力線２ｂに誘導結合方式により接続されている。電力線２ｂには誘導結合器５Ａが結合されており、電力線モデム１０Ａの信号入出力端子に接続された信号ケーブル６Ａはこの誘導結合器５Ａを介して電力線２ｂに結合している。誘導結合器５Ａはトロイダルコアであり、電力線２ｂ及び信号ケーブル６Ａはトロイダルコアの中空部を貫通している。 The power line modem 10 </ b> A (first power line modem) is connected to the pole transformer 3 of the low voltage distribution line 2. In the present embodiment, the power line modem 10A is connected to the white phase power line 2b of the low-voltage distribution line 2 by an inductive coupling method. An inductive coupler 5A is coupled to the power line 2b, and the signal cable 6A connected to the signal input / output terminal of the power line modem 10A is coupled to the power line 2b via the inductive coupler 5A. The inductive coupler 5A is a toroidal core, and the power line 2b and the signal cable 6A pass through the hollow portion of the toroidal core.
電力線モデム１０Ａは、柱上トランス３の近くに設置された光ファイバ回線８を介してサーバ９に接続されている。光ファイバ回線８との接続を容易にするため、電力線モデム１０Ａは柱上トランス３と一緒に電柱上に装柱されることが好ましい。 The power line modem 10 </ b> A is connected to the server 9 via an optical fiber line 8 installed near the pole transformer 3. In order to facilitate connection with the optical fiber line 8, the power line modem 10 </ b> A is preferably mounted on the utility pole together with the pole transformer 3.
柱上トランス３から延びる低圧配電線２には、分電盤４を介して複数の家電機器７Ａ〜７Ｅが接続されている。家電機器７Ａ、７Ｂは、接地線と一方の非接地線との間（赤白相）に接続され、ＡＣ１００Ｖの電力が供給される機器であり、家電機器７Ｄ、７Ｅは、接地線と他方の非接地線との間（黒白相）に接続され、ＡＣ１００Ｖの電力が供給される機器である。さらに、家電機器７Ｃは、２本の非接地線間（赤黒相）に接続され、ＡＣ２００Ｖの電力が供給される機器である。なお家電機器の種類や数は特に限定されない。これらの家電機器の電力使用量は電力量計１１で計測される。 A plurality of home appliances 7 </ b> A to 7 </ b> E are connected to the low-voltage distribution line 2 extending from the pole transformer 3 through a distribution board 4. The home appliances 7A and 7B are devices that are connected between the ground line and one non-ground line (red and white phase) and are supplied with AC 100V power. The home appliances 7D and 7E are the ground line and the other non-ground line. It is a device connected to the ground line (black and white phase) and supplied with AC 100V power. Furthermore, the household electrical appliance 7C is a device that is connected between two ungrounded wires (red and black phase) and is supplied with AC200V power. Note that the type and number of home appliances are not particularly limited. The power consumption of these home appliances is measured by a watt hour meter 11.
本実施形態において、家電機器７Ａ，７Ｅには電力線モデム１０Ｂ１，１０Ｂ２（第２の電力線モデム）がそれぞれ組み込まれている。電力線モデム１０Ｂ１，１０Ｂ２はカップリングコンデンサ１４ａ，１４ｂを介して電力線に接続される。すなわち、電力線モデム１０Ｂ１は、低圧配電線２の電力線２ａと電力線２ｂとの間に容量結合方式により接続されており、電力線モデム１０Ｂ２は、低圧配電線２の電力線２ｃと電力線２ｂとの間に容量結合方式により接続されている。 In the present embodiment, power line modems 10B 1 and 10B 2 (second power line modems) are incorporated in the home appliances 7A and 7E, respectively. The power line modems 10B 1 and 10B 2 are connected to the power line via the coupling capacitors 14a and 14b. That is, the power line modem 10B 1 is connected between the power line 2a and the power line 2b of the low-voltage distribution line 2 by a capacitive coupling method, and the power line modem 10B 2 is connected between the power line 2c and the power line 2b of the low-voltage distribution line 2. Are connected by capacitive coupling.
家電機器７Ａ，７Ｅは、例えば電力表示装置であり、電力量計１１からの検針データを受信し、ディスプレイに電力使用状況を表示（可視化）して節電を促す機器である。また、家電機器はエアコンその他の冷暖房機器であってもよく、この場合、全体の電力使用量を監視しながら自身の電力使用量を調整する機能を有することが好ましい。さらに家電機器７Ａ，７Ｅは、ホームエネルギーマネージメントシステムと呼ばれる、エアコン、冷蔵庫等の家電機器の電力総使用量を統合的に管理する機器であってもよい。 The home appliances 7A and 7E are, for example, power display devices, and are devices that receive meter reading data from the watt hour meter 11 and display (visualize) the power usage status on the display to promote power saving. Further, the home appliance may be an air conditioner or other air conditioning equipment, and in this case, it is preferable to have a function of adjusting its own power usage while monitoring the total power usage. Furthermore, the home appliances 7A and 7E may be devices called a home energy management system that collectively manage the total power consumption of home appliances such as air conditioners and refrigerators.
電力量計１１は、分電盤４を介して低圧配電線２に接続される家電機器７Ａ〜７Ｅの電力使用量を計測するセンサー部１２と、低圧配電線２に接続された２つの電力線モデム１０Ｃ，１０Ｄと、低圧配電線２上の電力線モデム１０Ｃの接続点と電力線モデム１０Ｄの接続点との間に設けられた第１及び第２のバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂとを備えている。第１のバイパスコンデンサ１３ａは、白相の電力線２ｂと赤相の電力線２ａとを接続するものであり、第２のバイパスコンデンサ１３ｂは白相の電力線２ｂと黒相の電力線２ｃとを接続するものである。第１及び第２のバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂは、第１〜第４の電力線モデム１０Ａ〜１０Ｄの使用周波数に対して低インピーダンスとなり、商用周波数（５０Ｈｚまたは６０Ｈｚ）に対して高インピーダンスとなるものである。 The watt-hour meter 11 includes a sensor unit 12 that measures the amount of electric power used by the home appliances 7A to 7E connected to the low-voltage distribution line 2 via the distribution board 4, and two power line modems connected to the low-voltage distribution line 2. 10C, 10D, and first and second bypass capacitors 13a, 13b provided between the connection point of the power line modem 10C on the low voltage distribution line 2 and the connection point of the power line modem 10D. The first bypass capacitor 13a connects the white phase power line 2b and the red phase power line 2a, and the second bypass capacitor 13b connects the white phase power line 2b and the black phase power line 2c. . The first and second bypass capacitors 13a and 13b have a low impedance with respect to the operating frequency of the first to fourth power line modems 10A to 10D and a high impedance with respect to a commercial frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz). is there.
電力線モデム１０Ｃ（第３の電力線モデム）は、低圧配電線２の白相の電力線２ｂに誘導結合方式により接続されている。電力線２ｂには誘導結合器５Ｃが結合されており、電力線モデム１０Ｃの信号入出力端子に接続された信号ケーブル６Ｃはこの誘導結合器５Ｃを介して電力線２ｂに結合している。誘導結合器５Ｃはトロイダルコアであり、電力線２ｂ及び信号ケーブル６Ｃはトロイダルコアの中空部を貫通している。 The power line modem 10C (third power line modem) is connected to the white phase power line 2b of the low-voltage distribution line 2 by an inductive coupling method. An inductive coupler 5C is coupled to the power line 2b, and the signal cable 6C connected to the signal input / output terminal of the power line modem 10C is coupled to the power line 2b via the inductive coupler 5C. The inductive coupler 5C is a toroidal core, and the power line 2b and the signal cable 6C pass through the hollow portion of the toroidal core.
一方、電力線モデム１０Ｄ（第４の電力線モデム）は、低圧配電線２の電力線２ａと電力線２ｃの両方に誘導結合方式により接続されている。電力線２ａには誘導結合器５Ｄ１が結合されており、電力線２ｃには誘導結合器５Ｄ２が結合されており、電力線モデム１０Ｄの信号入出力端子に接続された信号ケーブル６Ｄはこれらの誘導結合器５Ｄ１，５Ｄ２を介して電力線２ａ，２ｃにそれぞれ結合している。特に、誘導結合器５Ｄ１，５Ｄ２は信号ケーブル６Ｄに直列的に挿入されている。誘導結合器５Ｄ１，５Ｄ２はトロイダルコアであり、電力線２ａ，２ｃ及び信号ケーブル６Ｄはトロイダルコアの中空部を貫通している。 On the other hand, the power line modem 10D (fourth power line modem) is connected to both the power line 2a and the power line 2c of the low-voltage distribution line 2 by an inductive coupling method. The power line 2a is coupled inductive couplers 5D 1, the power line 2c is coupled inductive coupler 5D 2, the signal cable. 6D binding these derived connected to the signal input and output terminals of the power line modem 10D vessels 5D 1, 5D 2 via the power lines 2a, are each coupled to 2c. In particular, the inductive couplers 5D 1 and 5D 2 are inserted in series in the signal cable 6D. The inductive couplers 5D 1 and 5D 2 are toroidal cores, and the power lines 2a and 2c and the signal cable 6D pass through the hollow portion of the toroidal core.
本実施形態において、電力線モデム１０Ｃ，１０Ｄはともにセンサー部１２に接続されており、センサー部１２による電力使用量の検針データは電力線モデム１０Ｃ，１０Ｄに提供される。電力線モデム１０Ｃは、検針データのＰＬＣ信号を電力線２ｂに注入して電力線モデム１０Ａに送信する。また、電力線モデム１０Ｄは、検針データのＰＬＣ信号を電力線２ａおよび２ｃに注入して電力線モデム１０Ｂ１，１０Ｂ２に送信する。 In the present embodiment, the power line modems 10C and 10D are both connected to the sensor unit 12, and metering data on the amount of power used by the sensor unit 12 is provided to the power line modems 10C and 10D. The power line modem 10C injects a PLC signal of meter-reading data into the power line 2b and transmits it to the power line modem 10A. Further, the power line modem 10D injects a PLC signal of meter-reading data into the power lines 2a and 2c and transmits it to the power line modems 10B 1 and 10B 2 .
遠隔検針システムは、電力線モデム１０Ａと電力線モデム１０Ｃとの間の通信によって実現される。電力量計１１に組み込まれた一方の電力線モデム１０Ｃは、電力線２ｂ経由で電力線モデム１０Ａに検針データを送信する。このように、電力線モデム１０Ａと電力量計１１内の電力線モデム１０Ｃとの間の通信ルート（Ａルート）は、電力量計１１の検針データを電力会社に提供するルートである。 The remote meter reading system is realized by communication between the power line modem 10A and the power line modem 10C. One power line modem 10C incorporated in the watt hour meter 11 transmits meter reading data to the power line modem 10A via the power line 2b. Thus, the communication route (A route) between the power line modem 10A and the power line modem 10C in the watt hour meter 11 is a route for providing meter reading data of the watt hour meter 11 to the power company.
一方、宅内システムは、電力線モデム１０Ｂ１（又は１０Ｂ２）と電力線モデム１０Ｄとの間の通信によって実現される。電力量計１１に組み込まれた他方の電力線モデム１０Ｄは、電力線２ａ経由で電力線モデム１０Ｂ１に検針データを送信し、電力線２ｃ経由で電力線モデム１０Ｂ２に検針データを送信する。このように、電力線モデム１０Ｂ１（又は１０Ｂ２）と電力量計１１内の電力線モデム１０Ｄとの間の通信ルート（Ｂルート）は、電力量計１１の検針データを電力需要家に提供するルートである。 On the other hand, the home system is realized by communication between the power line modem 10B 1 (or 10B 2 ) and the power line modem 10D. The other power line modem 10D incorporated in the power meter 11 sends the meter reading data to the power line modem 10B 1 via power lines 2a, sends the meter reading data to the power line modem 10B 2 via the power line 2c. Thus, the communication route (B route) between the power line modem 10B 1 (or 10B 2 ) and the power line modem 10D in the watt hour meter 11 is a route for providing meter reading data of the watt hour meter 11 to power consumers. It is.
本実施形態においては、電力線モデム１０Ｃと電力線モデム１０Ｄとの間には両者を分離する２つのバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂが設けられており、第１及び第２のバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂは、Ａルートで使用する信号をＡルート側へ反射させ、Ｂルートで使用する信号をＢルート側へ反射させる効果を有するので、両者間の減衰を確保することができる。これにより、電力線モデム１０Ａと電力線モデム１０Ｃとの間で構成される通信ルート（Ａルート）と電力線モデム１０Ｂと電力線モデム１０Ｄとの間で構成される通信ルート（Ｂルート）とが分離されるので、Ａルートの電力線通信とＢルートの電力線通信が相互に干渉することを防止することができ、通信品質を向上させることができる。 In the present embodiment, two bypass capacitors 13a and 13b for separating the two are provided between the power line modem 10C and the power line modem 10D, and the first and second bypass capacitors 13a and 13b are connected to the A route. The effect of reflecting the signal used in the A route side and reflecting the signal used in the B route toward the B route side can secure attenuation between the two. As a result, the communication route (A route) configured between the power line modem 10A and the power line modem 10C and the communication route (B route) configured between the power line modem 10B and the power line modem 10D are separated. , It is possible to prevent the A-route power line communication and the B-route power line communication from interfering with each other, thereby improving the communication quality.
さらに、ＡルートとＢルートとの間では、通信に使用する相を変えているので、一方のルートから他方のルートへ侵入する信号のさらなる減衰が期待できる。Ａルートで使用する電力線とＢルートの通信で使用する電力線が異なり、Ａルートでは電力線２ｂ（接地線）を使用した通信が行われ、Ｂルートでは電力線２ａ，２ｃ（非接地線）を使用した通信が行われるので、ＡルートとＢルートとで通信が相互に干渉することを確実に防止することができ、通信品質を向上させることができる。 Further, since the phase used for communication is changed between the A route and the B route, further attenuation of a signal entering from one route to the other route can be expected. The power line used in the A route and the power line used in the B route communication are different, the communication using the power line 2b (ground line) is performed in the A route, and the power lines 2a and 2c (ungrounded line) are used in the B route. Since communication is performed, communication between the A route and the B route can be reliably prevented from interfering with each other, and communication quality can be improved.
以上、本発明の好ましい実施形態について説明したが、本発明は、上記の実施形態に限定されることなく、本発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能であり、それらも本発明の範囲内に包含されるものであることはいうまでもない。 The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Needless to say, it is included in the range.
例えば、上記実施形態においては、低圧配電線の一端側に接続された変圧器が柱上トランスである場合を例に挙げたが、本発明は柱上トランスに限定されるものではなく、例えば集合住宅の変電室内に設置された変圧器であっても構わない。大規模な団地やマンションなどではその敷地内に高圧配電線路を直接引き込んで変圧する場合があり、敷地内に設けられた建物の一室に変圧器が設けられるが、このような変圧器を対象とすることもできる。 For example, in the above embodiment, the case where the transformer connected to one end of the low-voltage distribution line is a pole transformer is taken as an example, but the present invention is not limited to the pole transformer, It may be a transformer installed in a substation room of a house. In large housing complexes and condominiums, there are cases where high voltage distribution lines are directly drawn into the site for transformation, and a transformer is installed in one room of the building on the site. It can also be.
（実施例１）
図２に示した電力線通信システムの等価回路を用いてＰＬＣ信号の伝送特性を測定した。低圧配電線２の各電力線２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃの一端側（上流側）には、柱上トランスの等価回路（インピーダンス０Ω（短絡））を設けた。また、各電力線２ａ、２ｂ、２ｃの他端側（下流側）の赤白相間ならびに黒白相間には終端抵抗２５を挿入した。そして、終端抵抗２５をパラメータとし、０Ω（短絡）、１２Ω、５０Ω、∞Ω（開放）の４通りとしたときの伝送特性を測定した。
Example 1
The transmission characteristics of the PLC signal were measured using the equivalent circuit of the power line communication system shown in FIG. On one end side (upstream side) of each of the power lines 2a, 2b, and 2c of the low-voltage distribution line 2, an equivalent circuit (impedance 0Ω (short circuit)) of the pole transformer is provided. Further, termination resistors 25 are inserted between the red and white phases on the other end side (downstream side) of each power line 2a, 2b and 2c and between the black and white phases. Then, the transmission characteristics were measured when the termination resistance 25 was used as a parameter, and four types of 0Ω (short circuit), 12Ω, 50Ω, and ∞Ω (open) were used.
電力線２ｂには、誘導結合器５Ｃを介して信号ケーブル６Ｃを結合させ、信号ケーブル６Ｃはバラン２３を介してネットワークアナライザ２２の出力端子に接続した。電力線２ａおよび２ｃには、誘導結合器５Ｄ１および５Ｄ２を介して信号ケーブル６Ｄを直列的に結合させ、信号ケーブル６Ｄはバラン２４を介してネットワークアナライザ２２の入力端子に接続した。 A signal cable 6C was coupled to the power line 2b via an inductive coupler 5C, and the signal cable 6C was connected to an output terminal of the network analyzer 22 via a balun 23. Power line 2a and 2c are serially coupled signal cable 6D via the inductive coupler 5D 1 and 5D 2, signal cable 6D is connected to the input terminal of the network analyzer 22 through the balun 24.
低圧配電線２上の誘導結合器５Ｃと誘導結合器５Ｄ１，５Ｄ２との間には、第１および第２のバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂをそれぞれ設置した。なお、理想的な測定環境とするため、第１および第２のバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂのインピーダンスはゼロ（ショート）とした。 Between the inductive coupler 5C on the low voltage distribution line 2 and the inductive couplers 5D 1 and 5D 2 , first and second bypass capacitors 13a and 13b were respectively installed. In order to obtain an ideal measurement environment, the impedances of the first and second bypass capacitors 13a and 13b were set to zero (short).
以上の構成において、ネットワークアナライザ２２からテスト信号を出力し、誘導結合器５Ｃを介して電力線２ｂにそれぞれ重畳させた。テスト信号の周波数は、電力線モデムの搬送周波数帯である５０ｋ〜４５０ｋＨｚとした。そして、電力線の他端側に伝送されたテスト信号をネットワークアナライザ２２で受信し、テスト信号の利得を求めた。 In the above configuration, a test signal is output from the network analyzer 22 and superimposed on the power line 2b via the inductive coupler 5C. The frequency of the test signal was 50 to 450 kHz, which is the carrier frequency band of the power line modem. Then, the test signal transmitted to the other end side of the power line was received by the network analyzer 22 to obtain the gain of the test signal.
図３は、ＰＬＣテスト信号の伝送特性の測定結果を示すグラフであり、横軸は周波数［ｋＨｚ］、縦軸は伝送特性［ｄＢ］を示している。図３（ａ）〜（ｄ）は、終端抵抗が５０Ω、１２Ω、０Ω（短絡）、開放（無限大）である場合をそれぞれ示している。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the measurement results of the transmission characteristics of the PLC test signal, in which the horizontal axis indicates the frequency [kHz] and the vertical axis indicates the transmission characteristics [dB]. FIGS. 3A to 3D show cases where the termination resistance is 50Ω, 12Ω, 0Ω (short circuit), and open (infinite), respectively.
図３に示すように、終端抵抗２５を０Ω、１２Ω、５０Ω、開放としたいずれの場合も、伝送特性は−８０ｄＢ以下となった。つまり宅内のインピーダンスにかかわらず、Ａ−Ｂルート間では約８２ｄＢ以上の減衰量が見込めることが分かった。この結果から、ＡルートとＢルートとの間にバイパスコンデンサ１３ａ，１３ｂを設け、Ａルートの注入点を非接地線である電力線２ｂとし、Ｂルートの注入点を接地線である電力線２ａ，２ｃとする場合には、終端抵抗によらずＰＬＣ信号がＡルートからＢルートに伝わらないことが明らかとなった。 As shown in FIG. 3, in any case where the termination resistor 25 is 0Ω, 12Ω, 50Ω, or open, the transmission characteristic is −80 dB or less. That is, it was found that an attenuation of about 82 dB or more can be expected between the A and B routes regardless of the impedance in the house. From this result, the bypass capacitors 13a and 13b are provided between the A route and the B route, the injection point of the A route is the power line 2b that is a non-ground line, and the injection point of the B route is the power line 2a and 2c that is the ground line. In this case, it has become clear that the PLC signal is not transmitted from the A route to the B route regardless of the termination resistance.
（実施例２）
図４に示した電力線通信システムの等価回路を用いてＰＬＣ信号の伝送特性を測定した。その際、ネットワークアナライザ２２の入力端子を、赤白相、つまり電力線２ａと電力線２ｂとの間に誘導結合方式ではなく直接接続し、終端抵抗２５を１２Ωとした点以外は実施例１と同一条件下で測定を行った。その結果、図６に示すように、Ａ−Ｂルート間では約６４ｄＢ以上の減衰量が見込めることが分かった。
(Example 2)
The transmission characteristics of the PLC signal were measured using the equivalent circuit of the power line communication system shown in FIG. At this time, the input terminal of the network analyzer 22 is connected directly between the red and white phases, that is, the power line 2a and the power line 2b instead of the inductive coupling method, and the same conditions as in the first embodiment except that the termination resistor 25 is set to 12Ω. The measurement was performed. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, it was found that an attenuation of about 64 dB or more can be expected between the A and B routes.
（実施例３）
図５に示した電力線通信システムの等価回路を用いてＰＬＣ信号の伝送特性を測定した。その際、ネットワークアナライザ２２の入力端子を、電力線２ａおよび２ｃに誘導結合方式ではなく直接接続し、終端抵抗２５を１２Ωとした点以外は実施例１と同一条件下で測定を行った。その結果、図６に示すように、Ａ−Ｂルート間では約７４ｄＢ以上の減衰量が見込めることが分かった。
(Example 3)
The transmission characteristics of the PLC signal were measured using the equivalent circuit of the power line communication system shown in FIG. At that time, the measurement was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the input terminal of the network analyzer 22 was directly connected to the power lines 2a and 2c instead of the inductive coupling method and the termination resistor 25 was set to 12Ω. As a result, as shown in FIG. 6, it was found that an attenuation of about 74 dB or more can be expected between the A and B routes.
１ 電力線通信システム
２ 低圧配電線
２ａ 電力線（第１の非接地線）
２ｂ 電力線（接地線、中性線）
２ｃ 電力線（第２の非接地線）
３ 柱上トランス
４ 分電盤
５Ａ 誘導結合器
５Ｃ 誘導結合器
５Ｄ１ 誘導結合器
５Ｄ２ 誘導結合器
６Ａ 信号ケーブル
６Ｃ 信号ケーブル
６Ｄ 信号ケーブル
７Ａ〜７Ｅ 家電機器
８ 光ファイバ回線
９ サーバ
１０Ａ， 電力線モデム
１０Ｂ１，１０Ｂ２ 電力線モデム
１０Ｃ 電力線モデム
１０Ｄ 電力線モデム
１１ 電力量計
１２ センサー部
１３ａ，１３ｂ バイパスコンデンサ
１４ａ，１４ｂ カップリングコンデンサ
２２ ネットワークアナライザ
２３ バラン
２５ 終端抵抗
1 Power Line Communication System 2 Low Voltage Distribution Line 2a Power Line (First Ungrounded Line)
2b Power line (ground line, neutral line)
2c Power line (second ungrounded line)
3 transformer on pole 4 distribution board 5A inductive coupler 5C inductive coupler 5D 1 inductive coupler 5D 2 inductive coupler 6A signal cable 6C signal cable 6D signal cables 7A to 7E home appliance 8 optical fiber line 9 server 10A, power line modem 10B 1 , 10B 2 Power line modem 10C Power line modem 10D Power line modem 11 Watt meter 12 Sensor unit 13a, 13b Bypass capacitors 14a, 14b Coupling capacitor 22 Network analyzer 23 Balun 25 Terminating resistor
Claims (5)
前記電力量計よりも前記変圧器寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続された第１の電力線モデムと、
前記電力量計よりも前記需要家寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続された第２の電力線モデムと、
前記第１の電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記需要家寄りであって前記第２の電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記変圧器寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続され、前記第１の電力線モデムと電力線通信を行う第３の電力線モデムと、
前記第３の電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記需要家寄りであって前記第２の電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記変圧器寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続され、前記第２の電力線モデムと電力線通信を行う第４の電力線モデムと、
前記低圧配電線上の前記第３の電力線モデムの接続点と前記第４の電力線モデムの接続点との間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第１の非接地線と接続する第１のバイパスコンデンサと、
前記第３の電力線モデムと前記第４の電力線モデムとの間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第２の非接地線とを接続する第２のバイパスコンデンサとを備え、
前記第１の電力線モデム及び前記第３の電力線モデムは、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線に誘導結合方式により接続されており、
前記第２の電力線モデムは、前記低圧配電線の前記第１の非接地線及び前記第２の非接地線の少なくとも一方に容量結合方式により接続されており、
前記第４の電力線モデムは、前記低圧配電線の前記第１の非接地線及び前記第２の非接地線の両方に誘導結合方式により接続されている電力線通信システム。 A single-phase three-wire low-voltage distribution line composed of a ground wire extending from the transformer to the consumer, a first non-ground wire and a second non-ground wire, and the low-voltage distribution nearer the transformer than the consumer A power line communication system installed in a distribution facility having a watt hour meter provided with a sensor unit that is connected to an electric wire and that measures the amount of electric power used by an electric device used by a consumer,
A first power line modem connected to the low voltage distribution line closer to the transformer than the electricity meter ;
A second power line modem connected to the low voltage distribution line closer to the consumer than the electricity meter ;
The first power line modem and the power line are connected to the low-voltage distribution line closer to the consumer than the connection point of the first power line modem and closer to the transformer than the connection point of the second power line modem. A third power line modem for communication;
The second power line modem and the power line are connected to the low voltage distribution line closer to the consumer than the connection point of the third power line modem and closer to the transformer than the connection point of the second power line modem. A fourth power line modem for communication;
Provided between the connection point of the third power line modem and the connection point of the fourth power line modem on the low voltage distribution line, and connected to the ground line and the first non-ground line of the low voltage distribution line. A first bypass capacitor;
A second bypass capacitor provided between the third power line modem and the fourth power line modem and connecting the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line and the second non-ground line ;
The first power line modem and the third power line modem are connected to the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line by an inductive coupling method,
The second power line modem is connected to at least one of the first non-ground line and the second non-ground line of the low-voltage distribution line by a capacitive coupling method,
The power line communication system, wherein the fourth power line modem is connected to both the first non-ground line and the second non-ground line of the low-voltage distribution line by an inductive coupling method .
前記電力使用量を計測するセンサー部と、
前記低圧配電線に接続された変圧器側電力線モデムと、
前記変圧器側電力線モデムの接続点よりも前記需要家寄りにおいて前記低圧配電線に接続された需要家側電力線モデムと、
前記低圧配電線上の前記変圧器側電力線モデムの接続点と前記需要家側電力線モデムの接続点との間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第１の非接地線と接続する第１のバイパスコンデンサと、
前記低圧配電線上の前記変圧器側電力線モデムの接続点と前記需要家側電力線モデムの接続点との間に設けられ、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線と前記第２の非接地線とを接続する第２のバイパスコンデンサとを備え、
前記変圧器側電力線モデムは、前記センサー部に接続されると共に、前記低圧配電線の前記接地線に誘導結合方式により接続されており、
前記需要家側電力線モデムは、前記センサー部に接続されると共に、前記低圧配電線の前記第１の非接地線及び前記第２の非接地線に誘導結合方式により接続されており、
前記変圧器側及び需要家側電力線モデムは、前記センサー部による前記電力使用量の検針データを送信することを特徴とする電力量計。 Electrical equipment installed near the customer of a single-phase three-wire low-voltage distribution line consisting of a ground wire extending from the transformer to the customer, the first non-ground wire and the second non-ground wire, and used by the customer A watt-hour meter for measuring the power consumption of
A sensor unit for measuring the power consumption;
A transformer side power line modem connected to the low voltage distribution line;
A consumer side power line modem connected to the low voltage distribution line closer to the consumer than a connection point of the transformer side power line modem;
Provided between the connection point of the transformer-side power line modem and the connection point of the consumer-side power line modem on the low-voltage distribution line, and connected to the ground line and the first non-ground line of the low-voltage distribution line A first bypass capacitor;
Provided between the connection point of the transformer-side power line modem and the connection point of the consumer-side power line modem on the low-voltage distribution line, and connects the ground line and the second non-ground line of the low-voltage distribution line And a second bypass capacitor
The transformer-side power line modem is connected to the sensor unit and connected to the ground line of the low-voltage distribution line by an inductive coupling method,
The customer side power line modem is connected to the sensor unit and connected to the first non-grounded line and the second non-grounded line of the low-voltage distribution line by an inductive coupling method,
The watt hour meter characterized in that the transformer side and customer side power line modems transmit meter reading data of the power consumption by the sensor unit.
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