JP6056018B2 - Display device and electronic device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device and an electronic apparatus having a touch sensor function.

  In recent years, an increasing number of display devices and electronic devices are equipped with a touch sensor function that enables a user to input information with a finger, a stylus, or the like (performs an object detection operation). Recently, a display device having a display function of 3D (three-dimensional) video added to such a display device has also been proposed (see Patent Document 1).

International Publication No. 09/069358 Pamphlet

  The display device of Patent Document 1 has a structure in which a barrier parallax (or lenticular lens) and a touch panel are sequentially stacked on a liquid crystal panel including display pixels. That is, it has a structure in which modules each having an image display function, a 3D display function, and a touch sensor function are stacked. In such a display device, it is desired to realize a function of displaying not only 3D video but also normal 2D video.

  The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a display device and an electronic apparatus that allow a user to input information while switching between a 3D video and a 2D video. is there.

  A first display device of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels, a pixel portion having a plurality of pixel electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a common electrode in this order on a first substrate, and a pixel portion. The counter electrode, the functional layer that changes the emission angle or emission region of the light beam according to the applied voltage, and the display switching drive electrode in this order, and displays an image based on the light emitted from the pixel portion. A liquid crystal lens unit configured to be able to switch between three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display of an image, and provided on the light emitting side of the liquid crystal lens unit, and has a detection electrode on the sensor drive electrode via a fourth substrate. The sensor drive electrode in the sensor unit also serves as the display switching drive electrode in the liquid crystal lens unit.

  A first electronic device of the present invention includes the first display device of the present invention.

  In the first display device and the electronic apparatus of the present invention, the liquid crystal lens unit displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel unit including a plurality of pixels in a switchable manner as a three-dimensional video or a two-dimensional video. In addition, by providing the sensor unit, the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object is detected while displaying such an image.

  A second display device of the present invention includes a plurality of pixels, a pixel portion having a plurality of pixel electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a common electrode in this order on a first substrate, and a pixel portion. The counter electrode, the functional layer that changes the emission angle or emission region of the light beam according to the applied voltage, and the display switching drive electrode in this order, and displays an image based on the light emitted from the pixel portion. A liquid lens unit configured to be able to switch between three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display of an image, and provided on the light emitting side of the liquid lens unit, and has a detection electrode on the sensor drive electrode via a fourth substrate. The sensor drive electrode in the sensor unit also serves as the display switching drive electrode in the liquid lens unit.

  A second electronic device of the present invention includes the second display device of the present invention.

  In the second display device and the electronic apparatus of the present invention, the liquid lens unit displays an image based on light emitted from the pixel unit including a plurality of pixels in a switchable manner as a three-dimensional video or a two-dimensional video. In addition, by providing the sensor unit, the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object is detected while displaying such an image.

  According to the first display device and the electronic apparatus of the present invention, a pixel unit including a plurality of pixels and an image based on light emitted from the pixel unit are displayed, and three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display of the image are performed. A switchable liquid crystal lens unit and a sensor unit for detecting presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object are provided. The user can input information while displaying the 3D video and the 2D video in a switchable manner.

  According to the second display device and the electronic apparatus of the present invention, a pixel unit including a plurality of pixels and an image based on light emitted from the pixel unit are displayed, and three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display of the image are performed. A switchable liquid lens unit and a sensor unit for detecting presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object are provided. The user can input information while displaying the 3D video and the 2D video in a switchable manner.

It is sectional drawing showing schematic structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a functional block diagram showing the whole structure of the display apparatus shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a peripheral circuit in the pixel driving unit illustrated in FIG. 2. It is a figure showing the circuit structure of the pixel part shown in FIG. FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a switching / sensor drive circuit and a detection circuit illustrated in FIG. 2 together with a layout of sensor drive electrodes and detection electrodes. FIG. 3 is a functional block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a detection circuit illustrated in FIG. 2. It is the conceptual diagram showing the drive signal waveform for 3D displays, 2D displays, and sensors. It is a schematic diagram showing the display operation in the liquid-crystal lens part at the time of 3D display and 2D display. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the principle of an object detection operation | movement, and is a figure which shows the state at the time of a finger | toe non-contact. It is a conceptual diagram for demonstrating the principle of an object detection operation | movement, and is a figure which shows the state at the time of finger contact. It is a conceptual diagram for explaining the principle of the object detection operation, and is a diagram illustrating an example of waveforms of a sensor drive signal and a detection signal. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to Modification 1. FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to Modification 2. FIG. It is sectional drawing showing schematic structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing showing schematic structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing the display operation in the liquid lens part at the time of 3D display and 2D display. 11 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to Modification 3. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to Modification 4. FIG. It is sectional drawing showing the schematic structure of the display apparatus which concerns on the 4th Embodiment of this invention. It is a schematic diagram showing the display operation in the liquid crystal barrier part at the time of 3D display and 2D display. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to Modification 5. FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a schematic structure of a display device according to Modification 6. FIG. It is a perspective view showing the external appearance of the application example 1 of display apparatuses, such as said each embodiment. (A) is a perspective view showing the external appearance seen from the front side of the application example 2, (B) is a perspective view showing the external appearance seen from the back side. 12 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 3. FIG. 14 is a perspective view illustrating an appearance of application example 4. FIG. (A) is a front view of the application example 5 in an open state, (B) is a side view thereof, (C) is a front view in a closed state, (D) is a left side view, and (E) is a right side view, (F) is a top view and (G) is a bottom view.

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The description will be given in the following order.

1. First Embodiment (Example in which drive electrode of liquid crystal lens unit (display switching function unit) and drive electrode of sensor unit are made common (four glasses))
2. Modification 1 (example in which three glass substrates are used)
3. Modification 2 (Example in which two glass substrates are used and a protective layer is provided on the pixel portion)
4). Second Embodiment (Example in which the driving electrode of the liquid crystal lens unit and the driving electrode of the sensor unit are made common, and the counter electrode of the liquid crystal lens unit and the common electrode of the pixel unit are made common)
5. Third Embodiment (Example in which drive electrode of liquid lens unit (display switching function unit) and drive electrode of sensor unit are made common)
6). Modification 3 (Another example of the liquid lens portion)
7). Modification 4 (Another example of the liquid lens portion)
8). Fourth Embodiment (Example in which drive electrode of liquid crystal barrier unit (display switching function unit) and drive electrode of sensor unit are made common)
9. Modification 5 (example in which the touch panel has an on-cell structure)
10. Application example (application example of a display device with a touch sensor to an electronic device)

<First Embodiment>
[Configuration Example of Display Device 1]
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional structure of a display device 1 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The display device 1 is, for example, an organic EL (Electro luminescence: hereinafter referred to as EL) display equipped with a touch sensor function. In the present embodiment, a liquid crystal lens unit 20 as a display switching function unit and a touch sensor unit 30 are provided on the pixel unit 10 in this order. The pixel unit 10 includes a plurality of organic EL elements as display pixels, and the touch sensor unit 30 has a capacitive touch sensor function. The pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes. Hereinafter, the configuration of the pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20, and the touch sensor unit 30 will be described.

(Pixel part 10)
The pixel unit 10 is provided on the first substrate 11 and includes, for example, a plurality of organic EL elements as R (red), G (green), and B (blue) pixels. The first substrate 11 is a circuit board for driving the pixel unit 10, and peripheral circuits, pixel transistors, and the like constituting a pixel driving unit 71 described later are disposed on the first substrate 11. The pixel unit 10 includes at least a pixel electrode layer 11a, an organic EL layer 12, and a common electrode 13a in order from the first substrate 11 side. A pixel circuit configuration example will be described later.

  The pixel electrode layer 11 a is composed of a plurality of pixel electrodes, and each pixel electrode functions as an anode for injecting holes into the organic EL layer 12. Such a pixel electrode is made of, for example, a metal material having reflectivity, for example, a simple substance or an alloy of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr). Or you may be comprised by transparent conductive films, such as an oxide (ITO) of indium and tin, and an oxide of indium and zinc (IZO), for example. Moreover, you may be comprised by the single layer film or these laminated film of a magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag) co-evaporated film. On such a pixel electrode layer 11a, for example, a pixel separation film (window film, not shown) having an opening corresponding to each pixel electrode is provided, and a light emitting region is partitioned for each pixel.

  The organic EL layer 12 is a white light emitting layer that emits white light by recombination of holes and electrons, for example, in common with each pixel. However, the organic EL layer 12 is not limited to such a white light-emitting layer, and each color light-emitting layer (red light-emitting layer, green light-emitting layer, and blue light-emitting layer) may be applied separately for each pixel. In the case of using a white light emitting layer, a color filter may be provided for each pixel so as to extract R, G, and B color light. A common electrode 13 a is laminated over the entire surface of the organic EL layer 12.

  The common electrode 13a is an electrode common to each pixel, and functions as a cathode that injects electrons into the organic EL layer 12, for example. The common electrode 13a may be a transparent conductive film such as an oxide of indium and tin (ITO) or an oxide of indium and zinc (IZO), or a single layer film of a magnesium-silver (Mg-Ag) co-evaporated film, or These laminated films are used. Alternatively, it may be made of a metal material having reflectivity, for example, a simple substance or an alloy of a metal element such as silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), molybdenum (Mo), and chromium (Cr).

  For example, a hole injection layer or a hole transport layer (both not shown) may be provided between the pixel electrode layer 11a and the organic EL layer 12, or the common electrode 13a and the organic EL layer may be provided. 12 may be provided with, for example, an electron injection layer or an electron transport layer (both not shown). Further, a color filter layer or a black matrix layer (not shown) may be provided on the common electrode 13a.

  Here, in the present embodiment, the pixel unit 10 as described above is sealed by the second substrate 13, and a third substrate 15 as a base material of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 is formed on the second substrate 13. They are bonded together via an adhesive layer 14. The 2nd board | substrate 13 and the 3rd board | substrate 15 are comprised from transparent substrates, such as glass, for example.

(Liquid crystal lens unit 20)
The liquid crystal lens unit 20 has a function of displaying an image by allowing light emitted from the pixel unit 10 to pass therethrough and displaying the image at that time as a three-dimensional video or a two-dimensional video in a switchable manner. . Such a liquid crystal lens unit 20 includes, for example, a liquid crystal layer 18 between the counter electrode 16 and the drive electrode 19, and changes the focal point (refractive index) according to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer 18 (light emission). It is a variable focus lens that changes the angle. Switching between three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display is performed by a change in the refractive index according to the applied voltage. Alignment films 17a and 17b are formed on the surface of the counter electrode 16 and the drive electrode 19 on the liquid crystal layer 18 side, respectively.

  Here, the counter electrode 16 is provided over the entire surface of the third substrate 15 and is made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO or IZO. The counter electrode 16 is an electrode for applying a driving voltage to the liquid crystal layer 18 together with the driving electrode 19, and is held at a fixed potential (common potential), for example. It may be connected to a common potential line or the like, or may be grounded.

  The liquid crystal layer 18 is made of, for example, nematic liquid crystal and has a homogeneous alignment. The alignment films 17a and 17b control the alignment state of the liquid crystal in the liquid crystal layer 18, and are made of, for example, polyimide.

  The drive electrode 19 is a drive electrode (display switching drive electrode) of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and also functions as a sensor drive electrode in the touch sensor unit 30. The drive electrode 19 is made of a transparent conductive film such as ITO or IZO, and is divided into a plurality of strip-shaped (striped) electrodes, for example. In other words, the drive electrode 19 is provided with a plurality of slits (portions where no electrode is formed), and the alignment state of the liquid crystal at the time of voltage application is changed to a predetermined alignment state by the slits between the electrodes. It functions as a liquid crystal lens.

(Touch sensor unit 30)
In the touch sensor unit 30, the detection electrode 22 is laminated on the drive electrode 19 so as to form a capacitance (capacitance element) with the drive electrode 19. As described above, the drive electrode 19 drives the touch sensor unit 30 together with the liquid crystal lens unit 20. The detection electrode 22 is disposed on the drive electrode 19 via the fourth substrate 21. Like the drive electrode 19, the detection electrode 22 is formed of a transparent conductive film such as ITO or IZO, and has a strip shape (stripe shape). Is divided into a plurality of electrodes. The drive electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 are arranged so that the respective strip electrodes intersect each other (details will be described later).

  The liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 that share the drive electrode 19 can be manufactured, for example, as follows. That is, for example, after the detection electrode 22 is formed on the front surface of the fourth substrate 21 and the drive electrode 19 is formed on the back surface in a predetermined pattern described later, the alignment film 17 b is formed on the surface of the drive electrode 19. On the other hand, after the liquid crystal layer 18 is dropped, for example, by providing a spacer or the like on the third substrate 15 having the counter electrode 16 and the alignment film 17a on the surface, the drive electrode 19 of the fourth substrate 21 is formed on the third substrate 15. The liquid crystal layer 18 may be sealed by bonding the side surfaces. In the present embodiment, the laminated body of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 thus manufactured is bonded to the second substrate 13 that seals the pixel unit 10 via the adhesive layer 14. .

  Similar to the second substrate 13 and the third substrate 15, the fourth substrate 21 is made of a transparent insulating substrate such as glass. Here, the fourth substrate 21 is used as a dielectric, and the drive electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 are sandwiched, so that a capacitive element is formed between the drive electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22. On the fourth substrate 21, a polarizing plate 23 is bonded. Here, the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 includes two polarizations. One of these polarizations is affected by the birefringence effect in the liquid crystal lens unit 20, but the other polarization is affected by the polarization. It emits without receiving. For this reason, polarized light that is not affected by the birefringence effect in the liquid crystal lens unit 20 is removed by the polarizing plate 23.

  Thus, in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 are stacked on the pixel unit 10, and the first substrate 11, the second substrate 13, the third substrate 15, and the fourth substrate 21 are stacked. A total of four substrates are used. Here, the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 13 function as a drive substrate and a sealing substrate for the pixel unit 10, respectively, and the third substrate 15 functions as a lower substrate (counter substrate) for the liquid crystal lens unit 20. Yes. The fourth substrate 21 functions as a dielectric in the sealing substrate of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30.

(overall structure)
FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram schematically illustrating the entire configuration of the display device 1 including the pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20, and the touch sensor unit 30. As described above, the display device 1 includes the control unit 70, the pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20, and the touch sensor unit 30, the pixel driving unit 71 for driving them, the display switching / sensor driving circuit 72, and the like. A detection circuit 73 is provided.

  The control unit 70 supplies control signals to the pixel driving unit 71, the display switching / sensor driving circuit 72, and the detection circuit 73 based on the video signal Vdisp supplied from the outside, and these control signals are supplied at a predetermined timing. It is a circuit that controls to operate. Specifically, the control unit 70 supplies a video signal based on the video signal Vdisp to the pixel driving unit 71 and controls the display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 to control the liquid crystal lens unit 20 with a predetermined value. A drive signal is supplied.

(Pixel driving unit 71)
The pixel driving unit 71 drives the pixel unit 10 based on the video signal supplied from the control unit 70. The pixel driving unit 71 includes, for example, a video signal processing circuit that performs predetermined correction processing on a video signal, a timing generation circuit (none of which is shown), and various drivers for controlling the timings of display driving and sensor driving. It is comprised including.

  FIG. 3 illustrates a configuration example of a peripheral circuit (driver) of the pixel unit 10. In the display area (effective display area) 100, a plurality of pixels (PXL) are two-dimensionally arranged in a matrix, for example, and around the display area 100, there are a scanning line / power supply line driving circuit 31 and a signal line. A drive circuit 32 is provided. Each pixel (PXL) is connected to the scanning line WSL, the power supply line DSL, and the signal line DTL.

  The scanning line / power supply line driving circuit 31 has a scanning line driving circuit and a power supply line driving circuit (not shown). The scanning line driving circuit sequentially selects each pixel by sequentially applying selection pulses to the plurality of scanning lines WSL at a predetermined timing. Specifically, a voltage Von1 for setting a write transistor Tr1 (described later) and a voltage Voff1 for setting the OFF state are switched in a time division manner and output. The power supply line driving circuit controls the light emission operation and the extinction operation of each pixel by sequentially applying control pulses to the plurality of power supply lines DSL at a predetermined timing. Specifically, a voltage VH1 for flowing a current Ids to a drive transistor Tr2, which will be described later, and a voltage VL1 for preventing the current Ids from flowing are switched in a time division manner and output.

  The signal line driving circuit 32 generates an analog video signal corresponding to a video signal input from the outside at a predetermined timing, and applies it to each signal line DTL. Thereby, the video signal is written to the pixel selected by the scanning line driving circuit.

(Configuration example of pixel circuit)
FIG. 4 is an example of a circuit configuration of the pixel (PXL). Each of the pixel units 10 includes an organic EL element (OLED), a writing (sampling) transistor Tr1, a driving transistor Tr2, and a storage capacitor element Cs. Each of the write transistor Tr1 and the drive transistor Tr2 is, for example, an n-channel MOS (Metal Oxide Semiconductor) TFT. The type of TFT is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, an inverted stagger structure (so-called bottom gate type) or a stagger structure (so-called top gate type).

  In each pixel, the gate of the writing transistor Tr1 is connected to the scanning line WSL, the drain is connected to the signal line DTL, and the source is connected to the gate of the driving transistor Tr2 and one end of the storage capacitor element Cs. The drain of the drive transistor Tr2 is connected to the power supply line DSL, and the source is connected to the other end of the storage capacitor element Cs and the anode of the organic EL element (OLED). The cathode of the organic EL element (OLED) is set to a fixed potential, and here is set to the ground (ground potential).

(Display switching / sensor driving circuit 72)
The display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 applies a predetermined driving signal to the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 based on a control signal supplied from the control unit 70. In the present embodiment, as described above, the drive electrode 19 is shared by the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30, but the drive signal for the liquid crystal lens unit 20 (a drive signal Vd described later) and the touch sensor are used. A drive signal (drive signal Vs described later) for the unit 30 is set separately. In other words, the display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 applies different AC rectangular waveform signals to the driving electrodes 19 at different timings.

  FIG. 5 schematically shows an example of the display switching / sensor drive circuit 72 and the detection circuit 73 together with the layout of the drive electrodes 19 and the detection electrodes 22. The layout of the drive electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 is viewed from the detection electrode 22 side.

(Electrode layout example)
The drive electrode 19 includes, for example, a plurality (n) of stripe-shaped drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n) extending in one direction. In these drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n), m (m: an integer of 2 or more and n or less) drive electrodes 19 may be electrically connected to each other, or all n drive electrodes. 19 may be provided separately from each other. In the former case, m drive electrodes 19 are connected at each end (comb shape), and the m drive electrodes 19 connected as one set (unit drive line) are drive signals. Can be applied.

  On the other hand, the detection electrode 22 includes a plurality (p pieces) of stripe-shaped detection electrodes 22 (1) extending along a direction intersecting (here, orthogonal) with the plurality of drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n). ) To 22 (p). As for these detection electrodes 22, q detection electrodes 22 (q: an integer of 2 or more and p or less) may be electrically connected, or all of the p detection electrodes 22 are electrically separated. It may be provided. In the former case, the q detection electrodes 22 are connected to each end (comb shape), and a detection signal can be acquired using the connected q detection electrodes 22 as unit detection lines. In the latter case, a detection signal is acquired for each detection electrode 22.

  With such a layout of the detection electrode 22 and the drive electrode 19, a structure in which a dielectric layer (here, the fourth substrate 21) is sandwiched between the detection electrode 22 and the drive electrode 19 at the intersection is formed. That is, a capacitive element is formed between the detection electrode 22 and the drive electrode 19 between them.

  Further, by providing a plurality of detection electrodes 22 and drive electrodes 19 so as to intersect with each other, the intersections thereof are two-dimensionally formed in a matrix, and the position of the object can be detected as two-dimensional coordinates. Yes. In addition, detection of the presence or absence of touch (so-called multi-touch) by a plurality of people and a plurality of fingers can be realized.

(Display switching / sensor driving circuit 72)
The display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vs to the driving electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n) as described above, for example, line-sequentially (1 or m driving electrodes 19 as described above). Unit drive line). The display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 includes, for example, a shift register 721, a selection unit 722, a level shifter 723, and a buffer 724.

  The shift register 721 is a logic circuit for sequentially transferring input pulses. The selection unit 722 is a logic circuit that controls whether or not to output a drive signal (Vd, Vs) to each display pixel 20 in the display region 100, and outputs the drive signal (Vd, Vs). Control is performed according to the position in the display area 100 or the like. The level shifter 723 is a circuit for shifting the control signal supplied from the selection unit 722 to a potential level sufficient to control the drive signals (Vd, Vs). The buffer 724 is a final output logic circuit for sequentially supplying the drive signal Vs to each line, and includes an output buffer circuit or a switch circuit.

  By applying a drive signal Vs to the drive electrode 19 from the display switching / sensor drive circuit 72, a detection signal (Vdet) based on the capacitance can be obtained from the detection electrode 22. The detected signal is sent to the detection circuit 73.

(Detection circuit 73)
FIG. 6 shows a functional block configuration of a detection circuit 73 that performs an object detection operation and a timing control unit 74 as a timing generator. The capacitive elements Cn1 to Cnp correspond to (electrostatic) capacitive elements formed at the intersections of the drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n) and the detection electrodes 22 (1) to (p). Is. These capacitive elements Cn1 to Cnp are respectively connected to a drive signal source S for supplying a drive signal Vs.

  The detection circuit 73 (voltage detector DET) includes, for example, an amplification unit 81, an A / D (analog / digital) conversion unit 83, a signal processing unit 84, a frame memory 86, a coordinate extraction unit 85, and a resistor R. . The input terminal Tin of the detection circuit 73 is commonly connected to the other end side (detection electrode 22 side) of each of the capacitive elements Cn1 to Cnp.

  The amplifying unit 81 amplifies the detection signal Vdet input from the input terminal Tin, and includes an operational amplifier and a capacitor for signal amplification. The resistor R is disposed between the amplifying unit 81 and the ground. The resistor R is for avoiding the detection electrode 22 from being in a floating state and maintaining a stable state. Thereby, in the detection circuit 73, it is avoided that the signal value of the detection signal Vdet fluctuates and fluctuates, and there is an advantage that the static electricity can be released to the ground via the resistor R.

  The A / D conversion unit 83 is a part that converts the analog detection signal Vdet amplified in the amplification unit 81 into a digital detection signal, and includes a comparator (not shown). This comparator compares the potential of the input detection signal with a predetermined threshold voltage Vth. The sampling timing at the time of A / D conversion in the A / D conversion unit 83 is controlled by a timing control signal CTL2 supplied from the timing control unit 74.

  The signal processing unit 84 performs predetermined signal processing (for example, digital noise removal processing or processing for converting frequency information into position information, etc.) on the digital detection signal output from the A / D conversion unit 83. Processing).

  Based on the detection signal output from the signal processing unit 84, the coordinate extraction unit 85 obtains the position (coordinates) of the presence or absence of the object, and the output terminal Tout as a detection result (detection signal Dout). Is output from

  The detection circuit 73 may be formed on the fourth substrate 21 or may be formed around the display area on the first substrate 11. However, if it is formed on the first substrate 11, it can be integrated with a pixel driving driver or the like originally formed on the first substrate 11, which is preferable from the viewpoint of simplification by integration.

[Operation and Effect of Display Device 1]
(Pixel drive operation)
First, the pixel driving operation in the display device 1 will be described with reference to FIGS. In this display device 1, when a video signal is input from the control unit 70 to the pixel driving unit 71, the scanning line / power supply line driving circuit 31 and the signal line driving circuit 32 are displayed in the display area (effective display area) 100. The pixel (PXL) is driven to display. Thereby, a driving current flows through the organic EL element (OLED) in each pixel, and in the organic EL layer 12, holes and electrons are recombined to generate white light emission. The light emitted from the pixel unit 10 passes through the second substrate 13, the adhesive layer 14, and the third substrate 15 in order, and then enters the liquid crystal lens unit 20.

  At this time, when displaying a three-dimensional image, the control unit 70 controls the liquid crystal lens unit 20 described later to perform a three-dimensional display operation (specifically, the drive signal Vd1 is applied to the drive electrode 19). In addition, for example, a video signal corresponding to a video obtained by combining left and right parallax images is supplied to the pixel driving unit 71 as a video signal. On the other hand, in the case of displaying a two-dimensional image, the control unit 70 controls the liquid crystal lens unit 20 described later to perform a two-dimensional display operation (specifically, the drive signal Vd2 is applied to the drive electrode 19). In addition, a video signal corresponding to a normal two-dimensional video is supplied to the pixel driving unit 71 as a video signal.

(3D image display operation and 2D image display operation)
As described above, the light incident on the liquid crystal lens unit 20 is displayed as an image by passing through the liquid crystal lens unit 20. At this time, the liquid crystal lens unit 20 supplies a voltage to the liquid crystal layer 18 through the drive electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 in accordance with a drive signal (Vd) applied to the drive electrode 19. As a result, the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 18 changes, and an image based on incident light is displayed as a three-dimensional image or a two-dimensional image. Hereinafter, such a video display operation will be described in detail.

  FIG. 7 shows an AC rectangular waveform in a driving signal for 3D display and 2D display together with a waveform for a sensor. The display switching / sensor drive circuit 72 applies a predetermined drive signal corresponding to the drive electrode 19 based on a control command from the control unit 70. Specifically, when performing three-dimensional video display, as shown in FIG. 7A, for example, a drive signal Vd1 whose polarity is inverted with a period of one frame in an AC rectangular wave is applied. At this time, the display switching / sensor drive circuit 72 applies the same drive signal Vd1 to all of the plurality of drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n) constituting the drive electrode 19 at the same timing.

  On the other hand, when two-dimensional video display is performed, as shown in FIG. 7B, for example, in the AC rectangular wave, the polarity is inverted with one frame period as a cycle, and the drive signal Vd2 (different from the drive signal Vd1) Here, Vd1> Vd2) is applied. At this time, the display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 applies the same drive signal Vd2 to all of the plurality of drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n) at the same timing as in the case of the three-dimensional display. Apply. The AC rectangular waveforms of these drive signals Vd1 and Vd2 and the magnitude relationship thereof are appropriately determined according to the characteristics of the liquid crystal used in the liquid crystal layer 18, the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 18, the scale of the slits between the electrodes in the drive electrode 19, and the like. It only has to be set.

  FIG. 8 shows the change in the refractive index of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 (specifically, the change in the arrangement state of the liquid crystal molecules) in each case of the three-dimensional display and the two-dimensional display as described above. . As shown in FIG. 8A, when the drive signal Vd1 is applied to the drive electrode 19, light incident from the pixel portion 10 side is refracted in the process of passing through the liquid crystal layer 18, and has a plurality of different angles. Exit in the direction. As a result, an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 (a composite image of left and right parallax images) is separately displayed on the left and right eyes by the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and displayed (viewed) as a three-dimensional image. .

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 8B, when the drive signal Vd <b> 2 is applied to the drive electrode 19, the light incident from the pixel unit 10 side is not refracted in the liquid crystal layer 18 but the liquid crystal lens unit 20. Is emitted. Thereby, an image (two-dimensional image) based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is displayed on the polarizing plate 23 as a two-dimensional image.

(Object detection operation)
Along with such an image display operation, the display device 1 detects whether an object (finger, stylus, or the like) is in contact with or close to the polarizing plate 23 by driving the touch sensor unit 30. Specifically, the display switching / sensor driving circuit 72 applies the driving signal Vd1 for the above-described three-dimensional display (or two-dimensional display) to the driving electrode 19 (driving electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n)). A driving signal Vs for the sensor is supplied together with (or Vd2). At this time, the display switching / sensor drive circuit 72 applies the drive signal Vs to the drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n), for example, in a line sequential manner. Further, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the drive signal Vs is applied in a very short time compared to the application period of the drive signals Vd1 and Vd2. Thereby, an object can be detected without substantially affecting the image display operation in the liquid crystal lens unit 20 (without causing the liquid crystal layer 18 to respond to the extent that the display is affected). The drive signal Vs may be applied during the blanking period of the drive signal Vd1 (or Vd2). By supplying the drive signal Vs to the drive electrode 19 in this way, the object detection operation is performed as follows.

  9 to 11 are schematic diagrams for explaining the principle of the object detection operation. As shown in FIG. 9A, the capacitive element C1 is formed by the drive electrode 19 and the detection electrode 22 that are arranged to face each other across the dielectric D (corresponding to the fourth substrate 21). 9B is represented as an equivalent circuit as shown in FIG. One end of the capacitive element C1 is connected to an AC signal source (drive signal source) S, and the end P is grounded via a resistor R and also connected to a voltage detector (detection circuit) DET. When an AC rectangular wave Sg (FIG. 11B) having a predetermined frequency (for example, about several kHz to about several tens of kHz) is applied from the AC signal source S to the drive electrode 19 (one end of the capacitive element C1), the detection electrode 22 (capacitor) An output waveform (detection signal Vdet) as shown in FIG. 11A appears at the end P) of the element C1. The AC rectangular wave Sg corresponds to the drive signal Vs in the present embodiment.

In a state where the finger is not in contact (or in proximity), as shown in FIG. 9B, a current I ₀ corresponding to the capacitance value of the capacitor C1 flows along with charge / discharge of the capacitor C1. The potential waveform at the end P of the capacitive element C1 at this time is, for example, a waveform V _{0 in} FIG. 11A, which is detected by the voltage detector DET.

On the other hand, when the finger is in contact (or close), as shown in FIG. 10B, it is equivalent to adding the capacitor C2 formed by an object (for example, a finger) in series to the capacitor C1. It becomes. In this state, currents I ₁ and I ₂ flow with charging / discharging of the capacitive elements C1 and C2, respectively. Potential waveform of the end portion P of the capacitive element C1 at this time is, for example, like the waveform V ₁ of the FIG. 11 (A), the which is detected by the voltage detector DET. At this time, the potential at the end P is a divided potential determined by the values of the currents I ₁ and I ₂ flowing through the capacitive elements C1 and C2. For this reason, the waveform V1 becomes a smaller value than the waveform V0 in the non-contact state. By detecting this change in waveform (change in voltage value), it is possible to detect an object in contact (or close proximity).

  In the present embodiment, as described above, at each intersection of the n drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19B (n) and the p detection electrodes 22 (1) to 22 (p), the capacitive element C1 is formed. Here, for example, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, when the drive signal Vs is applied to the drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19B (n) line-sequentially, as follows. Become. That is, a plurality (p in this case) of capacitive elements formed at each intersection of one drive electrode 19 to which the drive signal Vs is applied at a certain timing and the detection electrodes 22 (1) to 12 (p). Charging / discharging is performed on each of Cn1 to Cnp. As a result, a detection signal Vdet having a magnitude corresponding to the capacitance value of the capacitive element C1 is output from each of the detection electrodes 22 (1) to 12 (p). As the drive signal Vs is scanned, the column of capacitive elements C1 to be charged / discharged sequentially moves.

  In the state where the drive signal Vs is being scanned, when the user's finger or the like is not present on the surface side of the polarizing plate 23, the magnitude of the detection signal Vdet is substantially constant.

  On the other hand, when the user's finger contacts (or approaches) the surface of the polarizing plate 23, the capacitive element C2 by the finger is added to the capacitive element C1 originally formed at the contact location. As a result, the detection signal Vdet when the contact location is scanned (that is, when the drive signal Vs is applied to the drive electrode 19 corresponding to the touch location among the drive electrodes 19 (1) to 19 (n)). The value of becomes smaller than other parts. The detection signal Vdet obtained through the detection electrode 22 in this way is output to the detection circuit 73.

  The detection circuit 73 compares the detection signal Vdet obtained as described above with a predetermined threshold voltage Vth, and determines that it is in a non-contact state (non-proximity state) if it is equal to or higher than this threshold voltage. If it is less than the threshold voltage, it is determined as a contact state (proximity state). In this way, the object detection operation is performed. The contact location (positional coordinate) of the object can be determined from the application timing of the drive signal Vs and the detection timing of the detection signal Vdet less than the threshold voltage Vth.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 as described above are provided on the pixel unit 10 so that an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is displayed as a three-dimensional image. Alternatively, it can be displayed as a two-dimensional image. Further, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object while performing such video display. Therefore, it is possible to input information by the user while displaying the 3D video and the 2D video in a switchable manner.

  The touch sensor unit 30 and the liquid crystal lens unit 20 share the drive electrode 19 (the sensor drive electrode also serves as a display switching drive electrode), so that the sensor drive electrode is used for display switching. This is advantageous in reducing the thickness compared to the case where the drive electrodes are provided separately.

  Next, modified examples (modified examples 1 and 2) of the display device according to the first embodiment will be described. Below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the component similar to the display apparatus 1 of the said 1st Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

<Modification 1>
FIG. 12 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1A) according to the first modification. Similar to the display device 1 of the first embodiment, the display device 1A is an organic EL display equipped with a touch sensor function, and a liquid crystal lens unit 20 as a display switching function unit on the pixel unit 10; The touch sensor unit 30 is provided in this order. The pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes.

  However, in this modification, the liquid crystal lens unit 20 is provided on the second substrate 13, and specifically, has a laminated structure in which the counter electrode 16 is directly formed on the second substrate 13. That is, in the display device 1 according to the first embodiment, the laminated body in which the liquid crystal lens unit 20 (and the touch sensor unit 30) is sealed between the third substrate 15 and the fourth substrate 21 is the second. Although provided on the substrate 13 via the adhesive layer 14, in this modification, the third substrate 15 and the adhesive layer 14 are omitted. As a result, the total number of substrates is three, that is, the first substrate 11, the second substrate 13, and the fourth substrate 21.

  In this case, after forming the counter electrode 16 and the alignment film 17a on the second substrate 13 that seals the pixel portion 10, a liquid crystal layer 18 is dropped on the alignment film 17a, and the liquid crystal layer 18 is As described in the first embodiment, sealing may be performed with the fourth substrate 21 having the drive electrodes 19.

  As described above, in the laminated structure in which the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided on the pixel unit 10, the second substrate 13 that seals the pixel unit 10 is used as a lower substrate (the above-described first substrate). It may be used as the third substrate 15) in one embodiment. As a result, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the number of parts can be reduced, so that it is easy to achieve a thinner thickness.

<Modification 2>
FIG. 13 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1B) according to the second modification. Similar to the display device 1 of the first embodiment, the display device 1B is an organic EL display equipped with a touch sensor function, and a liquid crystal lens unit 20 as a display switching function unit on the pixel unit 10; The touch sensor unit 30 is provided in this order. The pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes. Further, as in the first modification, the third substrate 15 is omitted from the laminated structure.

  However, in this modification example, the second substrate 13 is omitted in addition to the third substrate 15, and the number of substrates is a total of two substrates, the first substrate 11 and the fourth substrate 21. It has become. Specifically, a protective layer 24 is provided on the pixel portion 10, and the counter electrode 16 is directly formed on the protective layer 24. The protective layer 24 is made of, for example, a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film, and is for sealing and protecting the pixel portion 10.

  As described above, in the stacked structure in which the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided on the pixel unit 10, the second substrate 13 that seals the pixel unit 10 may be omitted. The layer 24 may be provided to protect the pixel portion 10. As a result, the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and the number of substrates can be reduced.

<Second Embodiment>
Next, a display device (display device 2) according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The same components as those of the display device 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

  FIG. 14 shows a cross-sectional structure of the display device 2. The display device 2 is an organic EL display equipped with a touch sensor function, like the display device 1 of the first embodiment, and a liquid crystal lens unit (liquid crystal lens) serving as a display switching function unit on the pixel unit 10. Part 20A) and the touch sensor part 30 are provided in this order. The pixel unit 10, the liquid crystal lens unit 20A, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes. The circuit configuration of the pixel unit 10 and its peripheral circuits (scanning line / power supply line driving circuit 31, signal line driving circuit 32), control unit 70, display switching / sensor driving circuit 72, and detection circuit 73 are described above. This is the same as in the first embodiment.

  However, in the present embodiment, the common electrode 13a in the pixel unit 10 also serves as a counter electrode (corresponding to the counter electrode 16 in the first embodiment) in the liquid crystal lens unit 20A. In other words, the pixel unit 10 and the liquid crystal lens unit 20A share one electrode that is held at a fixed potential (or grounded).

  Specifically, in the liquid crystal lens unit 20A, an alignment film 17a is formed on the common electrode 13a, and a liquid crystal layer 18 is provided on the alignment film 17a. As a result, the second substrate 13 and the third substrate 15 are not required, and the total number of substrates is two for the entire display device. As in the first embodiment, the liquid crystal layer 18 is sealed by the fourth substrate 21 on which the drive electrodes 19 are disposed. Similar to the liquid crystal lens unit 20 of the first embodiment, the liquid crystal lens unit 20A is a variable focus lens that changes the focus in accordance with the drive voltage, and an image based on light emitted from the pixel unit 10. It has a function of displaying and displaying an image at that time as a three-dimensional video or a two-dimensional video.

  Also in the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, by providing the liquid crystal lens unit 20A and the touch sensor unit 30 on the pixel unit 10, an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is three-dimensionally displayed. It can be displayed as video or 2D video. Further, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object while performing such video display. Therefore, an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment can be obtained. Further, not only the liquid crystal lens unit 20A and the touch sensor unit 30 share the drive electrode 19, but also the pixel unit 10 and the liquid crystal lens unit 20A share the common electrode 13a. The number can be reduced, and it becomes easy to realize a thinner and simpler configuration.

  In the second embodiment, the case where the drive electrode 19 and the common electrode 13a are shared is described. However, the liquid crystal lens unit 20A and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided with separate drive electrodes and are common. Only the electrode 13a may be shared by the pixel unit 10 and the liquid crystal lens unit 20A.

<Third Embodiment>
Next, a display device (display device 3) according to a third embodiment of the present invention will be described. The same components as those of the display device 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

  FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional structure of the display device 3. The display device 3 is an organic EL display equipped with a touch sensor function, like the display device 1 of the first embodiment, and can be switched on the pixel unit 10 between three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display. The switching function unit and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided in this order. The pixel unit 10, the display switching function unit, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes. Further, the drive electrode 19 is shared by the display switching function unit and the touch sensor unit 30. The circuit configuration of the pixel unit 10 and its peripheral circuits (scanning line / power supply line driving circuit 31, signal line driving circuit 32), control unit 70, display switching / sensor driving circuit 72, and detection circuit 73 are described above. This is the same as in the first embodiment.

  However, in the present embodiment, a liquid lens unit (liquid lens unit 20B) is provided as the display switching function unit. The configuration other than the liquid lens portion 20B is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  The liquid lens unit 20B, like the liquid crystal lens unit 20 of the first embodiment, is a variable focus lens that changes the focus in accordance with the drive voltage, and performs image display based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10. In addition, it has a function of displaying the image at that time as a three-dimensional video or a two-dimensional video. However, in the liquid lens portion 20B, two liquid layers having different polarities (polar liquid layer 25A, nonpolar) are provided between the drive electrode 19 having electrode slits (divided into a plurality of stripe patterns) and the counter electrode 16. Liquid layer 25B). Further, the surface of the drive electrode 19 is covered with an insulating film 26, and a region on the insulating film 26 is partitioned by partition walls 26a whose surface shape along the substrate surface is, for example, a lattice shape or a stripe shape. A nonpolar liquid layer 25B is held in each region partitioned by the partition wall 26a, and the polar liquid layer 25A exists over the entire surface of the nonpolar liquid layer 25B on the counter electrode 16 side. .

  Also in the present embodiment having such a liquid lens portion 20B, a predetermined drive signal is supplied to the drive electrode 19 in the same manner as in the first embodiment, so that the drive electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 are connected to each other. A predetermined voltage is applied to the liquid lens unit 20B, and an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 can be displayed as a two-dimensional video or a three-dimensional video in a switchable manner.

  FIGS. 16A and 16B schematically show a display operation (state of refractive index change) in the liquid lens unit 20B during 3D display and 2D display. As shown in FIG. 16A, when a voltage corresponding to the driving signal Vd3 for three-dimensional display is applied between the driving electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16, the liquid lens unit 20B has a polar liquid layer 25A and a nonpolar electrode. The interface (interface S1) of the conductive liquid layer 25B has a convex shape. For this reason, the light incident from the pixel unit 10 side is refracted at the interface S1 and exits from the liquid lens unit 20B. As a result, as in the case of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 of the first embodiment, an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 (a composite image of left and right parallax images) is separately displayed on the left and right eyes. And displayed (viewed) as a three-dimensional image.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 16B, when a voltage corresponding to a drive signal Vd4 for two-dimensional display (for example, Vd3 >> Vd4) is applied between the drive electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16, The interface (interface S2) between the polar liquid layer 25A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B is substantially planar. For this reason, the light incident from the pixel unit 10 side exits the liquid lens unit 20B without being refracted at the interface S2. Thereby, an image (two-dimensional image) based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is displayed on the polarizing plate 23 as a two-dimensional image.

  In the present embodiment in which the display switching operation is performed using the liquid lens unit 20B as described above, an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is displayed as a three-dimensional image or 2 as in the first embodiment. It can be displayed as a 3D image. Further, by providing the touch sensor unit 30, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object while performing such video display. Therefore, an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  Next, modified examples (modified examples 3 and 4) of the display device according to the third embodiment will be described. Below, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the component similar to the display apparatus 3 of the said 3rd Embodiment, and description is abbreviate | omitted suitably.

<Modification 3>
FIG. 17 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 3A) according to Modification 3. The display device 3A is an organic EL display equipped with a touch sensor function, similar to the display device 3 of the third embodiment, and a liquid lens unit 20B1 as a display switching function unit on the pixel unit 10; The touch sensor unit 30 is provided in this order. The pixel unit 10, the liquid lens unit 20B1, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes. Furthermore, the drive electrode 19A is shared by the liquid lens unit 20B1 and the touch sensor unit 30. In the liquid lens unit 20B1, as in the third embodiment, the polar liquid layer 25A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B are held between a pair of electrodes, and the refractive index is changed by voltage supply.

  However, in the present modification, unlike the third embodiment, the drive electrode 19A provided in a stripe pattern on one surface side of the fourth substrate 21 is formed so as to cover the surface of the partition wall 26a. As a result, a stripe pattern is formed. The nonpolar liquid layer 25B is held on the fourth substrate 21 in each region partitioned by the drive electrode 19A and the partition wall 26a.

  Also in this modified example, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for three-dimensional display is applied between the driving electrode 19A and the counter electrode 16 as in the third embodiment, the polar liquid layer The interface shape of 25A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B changes (interface S1; indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 17), and the incident image light is refracted to display a three-dimensional image. On the other hand, when a voltage corresponding to the driving signal for two-dimensional display is applied, incident image light is incident on the interface between the polar liquid layer 25A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B (interface S2; indicated by a solid line in FIG. 17). The light is transmitted without being refracted and a two-dimensional image is displayed. Therefore, the same effects as those of the third embodiment can be obtained even with the configuration of the present modification.

  In the third modification, the case where the drive electrode 19A is formed so as to cover the surface of the partition wall 26a has been described as an example. However, the partition wall 26a is not provided, and the drive electrode 19 is patterned (by the drive electrode 19). The regions may be partitioned (by adjusting height, pitch, etc.), and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B may be held in each partitioned region.

<Modification 4>
FIG. 18 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 3B) according to Modification 4. Not limited to the configuration of the display devices 3 and 3A of the third embodiment and the third modification,

  As in the third embodiment and the third modification, the display device 3B has a liquid lens unit 20B2 having a polar liquid layer 25A and a nonpolar liquid layer 25B between the drive electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 as a display switching function unit. Is used. However, in the display device 3B, unlike the third embodiment, the drive electrode 19 defines a holding region for the nonpolar liquid layer 25B, and the surface of the drive electrode 19 is covered with an insulating film 26b. In other words, the nonpolar liquid layer 25B is provided in each region partitioned by the drive electrode 19 via the insulating film 26b.

  Also in the present modification, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for three-dimensional display is applied between the driving electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16 as in the third embodiment, the polar liquid layer The interface shape of 25A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B changes (interface S1; indicated by a one-dot chain line in FIG. 18), and the incident image light is refracted to display a three-dimensional image. On the other hand, when a voltage corresponding to a driving signal for two-dimensional display is applied, incident image light is incident on the interface between the polar liquid layer 25A and the nonpolar liquid layer 25B (interface S2; indicated by a solid line in FIG. 18). The light is transmitted without being refracted and a two-dimensional image is displayed. Therefore, an effect equivalent to that of the third embodiment can be obtained.

  In the third embodiment and the third and fourth modifications, the structure in which the polarizing plate 23 is provided on the outermost surface is taken as an example. The polarizing plate 23 is provided for the purpose of suppressing external light reflection. It is done. For this reason, in the said 3rd Embodiment and the modifications 3 and 4, the polarizing plate 23 does not necessarily need to be provided.

<Fourth embodiment>
Next, a display device (display device 4) according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described. The same components as those of the display device 1 of the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof will be omitted as appropriate.

  FIG. 19 shows a cross-sectional structure of the display device 4. The display device 4 is an organic EL display equipped with a touch sensor function, like the display device 1 of the first embodiment, and can be switched on the pixel unit 10 between three-dimensional display and two-dimensional display. The switching function unit and the touch sensor unit 30 are provided in this order. The pixel unit 10, the display switching function unit, and the touch sensor unit 30 are all driven through a pair of electrodes. Further, the drive electrode 19 is shared by the display switching function unit and the touch sensor unit 30. The circuit configuration of the pixel unit 10 and its peripheral circuits (scanning line / power supply line driving circuit 31, signal line driving circuit 32), control unit 70, display switching / sensor driving circuit 72, and detection circuit 73 are described above. This is the same as in the first embodiment.

  However, in the present embodiment, a barrier parallax (liquid crystal barrier unit 20C) using liquid crystal is provided as the display switching function unit. The configuration other than the liquid crystal barrier unit 20C is the same as that of the first embodiment.

  The liquid crystal barrier unit 20C displays an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 by shielding a selective region (changing the light emitting region) according to the driving voltage, and at that time It has a function of displaying an image as a 3D video or a 2D video. In addition, the liquid crystal layer 28 is sealed between the drive electrode 19 and the counter electrode 16.

  However, in the liquid crystal barrier unit 20C, in the drive electrode 19 divided into a stripe pattern, light is always transmitted in a region corresponding to the inter-electrode region (transmission region D1), while each region facing the electrode portion (open / close) In the region D2), the transmittance (transmitted state or blocked state) can be switched. In addition, a polarizing plate 29 is provided between the third substrate 15 and the adhesive layer 14 for allowing the selectively polarized light to enter the liquid crystal layer 28.

  Also in the present embodiment having such a liquid crystal barrier section 20C, in the same manner as in the first embodiment, by supplying a predetermined drive signal to the drive electrode 19, the liquid crystal barrier section 20C allows the pixel section 10 to An image based on the emitted light can be displayed as a two-dimensional video or a three-dimensional video in a switchable manner.

  FIGS. 20A and 20B schematically show the display operation in the liquid crystal barrier unit 20C during 3D display and 2D display. As shown in FIG. 20A, by applying predetermined drive signals to the drive electrodes 19 to close the open / close region D2, the liquid crystal barrier unit 20C emits light from the pixel unit 10. The emission direction of the emitted light is limited by the transmission region D1. As a result, as in the case of the liquid crystal lens unit 20 of the first embodiment, an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 (a composite image of left and right parallax images) is separately displayed on the left and right eyes. And displayed (viewed) as a three-dimensional image.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 20B, by applying a predetermined drive signal to the drive electrode 19 to open and close the open / close region D2, the light incident from the pixel unit 10 side is The liquid crystal barrier part 20C is emitted without being limited in the emission direction. Thereby, an image (two-dimensional image) based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is displayed on the polarizing plate 23 as a two-dimensional image.

  Also in the present embodiment in which the display switching operation is performed using the liquid crystal barrier unit 20C as described above, an image based on the light emitted from the pixel unit 10 is displayed as a three-dimensional image or 2 as in the first embodiment. It can be displayed as a 3D image. Further, by providing the touch sensor unit 30, it is possible to detect the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object while performing such video display. Therefore, an effect equivalent to that of the first embodiment can be obtained.

  In the third and fourth embodiments, a laminated structure in which the third substrate 15 is omitted may be used as in the first modification, and the protective structure may be provided on the common electrode 13a as in the second modification. The counter electrode 16 may be provided through the layer 24. Further, as in the second embodiment, the common electrode 13a may be used as the counter electrode 16 and the third substrate 15 and the second substrate 13 may be omitted.

  In each of the first to fourth embodiments and the first to fourth modifications, the drive electrode 19 is used in the touch sensor unit 30 and the display switching function unit (liquid crystal lens unit, liquid lens unit, liquid crystal barrier unit). However, a structure in which a driving electrode for a sensor is separately provided (a so-called on-cell structure described in Modifications 5 and 6 below) may be used.

<Modification 5>
FIG. 21 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1C) according to Modification 5. In the display device 1 </ b> C, in the touch sensor unit 30 </ b> A, the sensor drive electrode 33 is disposed on the fourth substrate 21 separately from the drive electrode 19. That is, the drive electrode 19 is provided on one main surface of the fourth substrate 21 and the sensor drive electrode 33 is provided on the other main surface in a stripe pattern. An insulating film 34 made of, for example, SiO is provided on the sensor drive electrode 33, whereby a capacitive element is formed between the sensor drive electrode 33 and the detection electrode 22. A protective film 35 is further provided on the detection electrode 22, and the polarizing plate 23 is bonded to the protective film 35.

<Modification 6>
FIG. 22 illustrates a cross-sectional structure of a display device (display device 1D) according to Modification 6. In the display device 1D, in the touch sensor unit 30B, the sensor drive electrode 33A and the detection electrode 33B are provided in the same layer on one surface side (the side opposite to the drive electrode 19) of the fourth substrate 21, and the insulating film 34 Covered. That is, on the fourth substrate 21, the sensor drive electrode 33A and the detection electrode 33B are arranged in a predetermined pattern on the same surface in a state of being insulated and separated from each other, whereby the sensor drive electrode 33A. A capacitive element is formed between the detection electrodes 33B. A polarizing plate 23 is bonded onto the insulating film 34.

  In the integrated structure in which the liquid crystal lens unit 20 and the touch sensor unit are stacked on the pixel unit 10 as in the above-described modification examples 5 and 6, the touch sensor unit may be a so-called on-cell structure. The drive electrode may not be shared with the sensor unit. In the above modification, the second substrate 13, the adhesive layer 14, the third substrate 15, and the counter electrode 16 are all stacked. However, in the second embodiment and the first and second modifications, the structure is laminated. As described, any layer may be omitted or shared.

<Application example>
Next, with reference to FIGS. 23 to 27, application examples (application examples 1 to 5) of the display device with a touch sensor described in the above-described embodiment and modification examples will be described. The display device in the above embodiment and the like can be applied to electronic devices in various fields such as a television device, a digital camera, a laptop personal computer, a mobile terminal device such as a mobile phone, or a video camera. In other words, the display device according to the above-described embodiment or the like can be applied to electronic devices in various fields that display an externally input video signal or an internally generated video signal as an image or video.

(Application example 1)
FIG. 23 illustrates an appearance of a television device according to Application Example 1. This television device has, for example, a video display screen unit 510 including a front panel 511 and a filter glass 512, and this video display screen unit 510 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiment and the like.

(Application example 2)
FIG. 24 illustrates the appearance of a digital camera according to Application Example 2. The digital camera includes, for example, a flash light emitting unit 521, a display unit 522, a menu switch 523, and a shutter button 524, and the display unit 522 corresponds to the display device according to the above-described embodiment and the like.

(Application example 3)
FIG. 25 illustrates an appearance of a notebook personal computer according to the third application example. This notebook personal computer has, for example, a main body 531, a keyboard 532 for inputting characters and the like, and a display unit 533 for displaying an image. The display unit 533 is a display according to the above-described embodiment and the like. It corresponds to a device.

(Application example 4)
FIG. 26 illustrates an appearance of a video camera according to Application Example 4. This video camera includes, for example, a main body 541, a subject shooting lens 542 provided on the front side surface of the main body 541, a start / stop switch 543 at the time of shooting, and a display 544. The display unit 544 corresponds to the display device according to the above embodiment and the like.

(Application example 5)
FIG. 27 illustrates an appearance of a mobile phone according to Application Example 5. For example, the mobile phone is obtained by connecting an upper housing 710 and a lower housing 720 with a connecting portion (hinge portion) 730, and includes a display 740, a sub-display 750, a picture light 760, and a camera 770. Yes. The display 740 or the sub-display 750 corresponds to the display device according to the above embodiment and the like.

  The present invention has been described above with some embodiments, modifications, and application examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these embodiments and the like, and various modifications can be made. For example, in the above-described embodiment and the like, the display switching function unit and the touch sensor unit are provided in this order on the pixel unit. However, the stacking order is not limited to this. For example, the touch sensor unit is provided on the pixel unit via the touch sensor unit. A display switching function unit may be provided. However, it is desirable to stack the touch sensor portion on the outermost surface from the viewpoint of sensor sensitivity.

  Moreover, in the said embodiment etc., although the organic EL element was mentioned as an example as a display pixel in the pixel part 10, a display pixel is not limited to this, For example, a liquid crystal display element may be sufficient. In the case where a liquid crystal display element is used, an image display may be performed by providing a backlight.

  Furthermore, in the above-described embodiment, the description has been given by taking the laminated structure in which the drive electrode is shared in the display switching function unit and the touch sensor unit as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to such a laminated structure, and the drive electrode It may be provided separately. However, it is desirable to share the drive electrode as in the above-described embodiment and the like from the viewpoint of thinning and simplification of the apparatus configuration.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1,1A-1D, 2-4 ... Display apparatus, 10 ... Pixel part, 20, 20A ... Liquid crystal lens part, 20B ... Liquid lens part, 20C ... Liquid crystal barrier part, 11 ... 1st board | substrate, 11a ... Pixel electrode layer, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 12 ... Organic EL layer, 13a ... Common electrode, 13 ... Second substrate, 14 ... Adhesive layer, 15 ... Third substrate, 16 ... Counter electrode, 17a, 17b ... Alignment film, 18, 28 ... Liquid crystal layer, 19 ... Drive Electrode, 21 ... fourth substrate, 22 ... detection electrode, 23 ... polarizing plate, 31 ... scanning line / power supply line drive circuit, 32 ... signal line drive circuit, 40 ... control unit, 71 ... pixel drive unit, 72 ... display switching Sensor drive circuit 73: Detection circuit, C1, C2: Capacitance element, Vd1 (for 3D display) drive signal, Vd2 (for 2D display) drive signal, Vs ... (for sensor) drive signal, Vdet ... Detection signal.

Claims (14)

A pixel portion including a plurality of pixels and having a plurality of pixel electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a common electrode in this order on the first substrate;
On the pixel portion, a counter electrode, a functional layer that changes an emission angle or an emission region of a light beam according to an applied voltage, and a display switching drive electrode are arranged in this order, and the light emitted from the pixel portion A liquid crystal lens unit configured to display an image based on the image and to switch between a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image;
A sensor unit that is provided on the light emitting side of the liquid crystal lens unit, has a detection electrode on the sensor drive electrode via a fourth substrate, and detects the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object,
The sensor drive electrode in the sensor unit also serves as the display switching drive electrode in the liquid crystal lens unit. The display device according to claim 1, wherein no polarizing plate is interposed between the pixel portion and the liquid crystal lens portion. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a polarizing plate is not interposed between the liquid crystal lens unit and the sensor unit. A protective layer made of a silicon nitride film or a silicon oxide film is provided on the pixel portion,
The display device according to claim 1, wherein the counter electrode of the liquid crystal lens unit is formed on the protective layer. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the sensor unit is a capacitive touch sensor. The sensor drive electrode includes one or more stripe drive electrodes,
The display device according to claim 1, wherein the detection electrode includes one or a plurality of stripe detection electrodes extending in a direction intersecting the stripe drive electrode. The display device according to claim 1, further comprising a driving circuit that applies a three-dimensional display driving signal or a two-dimensional display driving signal and a sensor driving signal to the sensor driving electrode. The display device according to claim 7, wherein the driving circuit applies the sensor driving signal in a shorter period of time than the three-dimensional display driving signal and the two-dimensional display driving signal. The display device according to claim 8, further comprising: a detection circuit that performs an object detection process based on a detection signal obtained from the detection electrode by applying the sensor drive signal to the sensor drive electrode. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the functional layer includes a liquid crystal layer that changes a refractive index in accordance with an applied voltage. A pixel portion including a plurality of pixels and having a plurality of pixel electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a common electrode in this order on the first substrate;
On the pixel portion, a counter electrode, a functional layer that changes an emission angle or an emission region of a light beam according to an applied voltage, and a display switching drive electrode are arranged in this order, and the light emitted from the pixel portion A liquid lens unit configured to display an image based on the image and to switch between a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image;
A sensor unit that is provided on the light emitting side of the liquid lens unit and has a detection electrode on the sensor drive electrode via a fourth substrate, and detects whether there is contact or proximity of an object,
The sensor drive electrode in the sensor unit also serves as the display switching drive electrode in the liquid lens unit. The display device according to claim 11, wherein the functional layer includes a polar liquid layer and a nonpolar liquid layer that change a mutual interface shape according to an applied voltage. A pixel portion including a plurality of pixels and having a plurality of pixel electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a common electrode in this order on the first substrate;
On the pixel portion, a counter electrode, a functional layer that changes an emission angle or an emission region of a light beam according to an applied voltage, and a display switching drive electrode are arranged in this order, and the light emitted from the pixel portion A liquid crystal lens unit configured to display an image based on the image and to switch between a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image;
A sensor unit that is provided on the light emitting side of the liquid crystal lens unit, has a detection electrode on the sensor drive electrode via a fourth substrate, and detects the presence or absence of contact or proximity of an object,
The electronic device having a display device, wherein the sensor drive electrode in the sensor unit also serves as the display switching drive electrode in the liquid crystal lens unit. A pixel portion including a plurality of pixels and having a plurality of pixel electrodes, an organic electroluminescent layer, and a common electrode in this order on the first substrate;
On the pixel portion, a counter electrode, a functional layer that changes an emission angle or an emission region of a light beam according to an applied voltage, and a display switching drive electrode are arranged in this order, and the light emitted from the pixel portion A liquid lens unit configured to display an image based on the image and to switch between a three-dimensional display and a two-dimensional display of the image;
A sensor unit that is provided on the light emitting side of the liquid lens unit and has a detection electrode on the sensor drive electrode via a fourth substrate, and detects whether there is contact or proximity of an object,
The electronic device having a display device, wherein the sensor drive electrode in the sensor unit also serves as the display switching drive electrode in the liquid lens unit.

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