JP6036003B2 - Display panel - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a display panel, and more particularly to a reflective multicolor display panel in which electrophoretic particles and an electrochromic material are disposed between a pair of counter electrode plates, at least one of which is transparent.

  In recent years, liquid crystal panels using a backlight as an information display panel have been mainstream. However, the liquid crystal panel has a large burden on the eyes and is not suitable for a purpose of watching for a long time.

  As a reflective display device with a small eye burden, a display panel having a pair of opposed electrodes and an electrophoretic display layer provided between the electrodes has been proposed as an electrophoretic display panel. (See Patent Document 1).

  Since this electrophoretic display panel displays characters and images by reflected light, as with the printed paper, it is suitable for work that keeps the screen looking for a long time with little load on the eyes.

  The electrophoretic display panel is based on a principle that enables image display by moving charged particles by applying an electric field to a dispersion in which charged particles are dispersed. Among electrophoretic display panels, electrophoretic display panels in which colored charged particles are enclosed in a space separated by microcapsules or partition walls and arranged between a pair of opposing electrodes are low driving voltage and high flexibility. Have been put to practical use and further development is underway.

  The display color of the electrophoretic display panel is expressed by two-color display because it is expressed by a single-color electrophoretic particle and a colored dispersion solvent or two types of electrophoretic particles colored in different colors. Used as

  In the two-color display, the demand for colorization is increasing due to the lack of expressive power of the display screen. Therefore, reflective type, such as mounting color filters on black and white reflective display, controlling electrical drive of multicolor electrophoretic particles, or arranging microcapsules containing electrophoretic particles with different color combinations alternately. A multicolor display panel has been proposed (see Patent Documents 2, 3, and 4).

  However, when a color filter is installed on the reflective display panel, incident light passes through the color filter twice, and the reflectance decreases as a whole. For this reason, even if it is in color display, the screen becomes dark, and on the contrary, it does not look good. In addition, the electrical control of multicolor electrophoretic particles complicates the control of each particle, making it difficult to express gradation. Furthermore, it is not practical to arrange various types of microcapsules alternately because of high technical hurdles and poor productivity.

  In addition, the display medium and electrochromic layer on the front electrode with a color filter that uses electrochromic that develops color when necessary is not included in the display medium, which contains dyes that are always colored for color expression. There is also a proposal that forms (see Patent Documents 5 and 6).

  However, these also have problems such as complexity of the structure and a decrease in reflectance due to the multilayer.

Japanese Patent Publication No. 50-015115 JP 2003-280044 A JP 2007-249188 A JP 2003-156770 A JP 2009-265270 A JP 2004-286976 A

  As described above, there are various proposals such as color filters and multicolor particles for displaying an electrophoretic display panel in multicolor. However, if these proposals are made, the reflectance will decrease due to the effect of the color filter layer, causing deterioration of visibility, and making use of complex particle drive waveforms will inevitably cause unevenness in hue. It will cause a decline. As a result, the original performance of the electrophoretic display panel with high reflectivity and high image quality is impaired.

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a reflective display panel capable of multi-color display that can be easily manufactured without impairing such reflectance and image quality.

The display panel according to the first invention is a display panel having at least a substrate, a first electrode layer, a display layer, a second electrode layer, and a base material in this order, and there are a plurality of the first electrode layers. The plurality of first electrode layers are directly stacked on the substrate, the plurality of first electrode layers are separated from each other, and the total area of the surfaces of the first electrode layers in contact with the display layer However, the area of the surface of the second electrode layer that is in contact with the display layer is 10% or more and 50% or less, and the display layer can electrically control coloring and decoloring with one charged electrophoretic particle. At least a display dispersion in which an electrochromic material is dispersed ; a reflective layer is laminated on the substrate and the first electrode layer; and a hue or a reflectance between the reflective layer and the charged electrophoretic particles is Different from each other and in contact with the reflective layer of the first electrode layer. Total area of that surface, characterized in that said second electrode layer is the 50% more than 10% of the area of the surface in contact with the display layer below.

A display panel according to a second invention is a display panel having at least a substrate, a first electrode layer, a display layer, a second electrode layer, and a base material in this order, and there are a plurality of the first electrode layers. The plurality of first electrode layers are directly stacked on the substrate, the plurality of first electrode layers are separated from each other, and the total area of the surfaces of the first electrode layers in contact with the display layer However, the area of the surface of the second electrode layer that is in contact with the display layer is 10% or more and 50% or less, and the display layer can electrically control coloring and decoloring with one charged electrophoretic particle. It has at least a display dispersion liquid in which an electrochromic material is dispersed, a reflective layer is laminated on the substrate, and the hue or reflectance of the reflective layer and the charged electrophoretic particles are different from each other.

Display panel according to the third invention, in the display panel of the second invention, the difference in height between the reflective layer and the first electrode layer is larger than the average particle size of the charged electrophoretic particles It is characterized by.

A display panel according to a fourth aspect of the present invention is the display panel according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the display layer is partitioned by a partition wall.

A display panel according to a fifth invention is characterized in that, in the display panel according to the fourth invention, the partition walls are arranged on four sides of each of the plurality of first electrode layers.

A display panel according to a sixth invention is the display panel according to the fifth invention, wherein the area of the surface of the first electrode layer in contact with the display layer or the reflective layer in the region partitioned by the partition is The area of the surface of the second electrode layer in contact with the display layer in the region partitioned by the partition is 10% or more and 50% or less.

A display panel according to a seventh aspect is the display panel according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the display layer is made of a microcapsule, and the electrophoretic particles charged in the microcapsule are electrically colored and decolored. A display dispersion liquid in which an electrochromic material capable of controlling the above is dispersed is enclosed.

  The display layer in which electrophoretic particles having one kind of color are dispersed in a dispersion medium is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes having different areas in contact with the display layer, and thus the electrophoresis is performed toward the first electrode layer having a smaller area. The electrophoretic particles are converged on the first electrode layer without spreading over the entire substrate supporting the first electrode layer.

  Therefore, by forming a reflective layer having a hue or reflectance different from that of the electrophoretic particles on the first electrode layer, the electrophoretic particles converge on the first electrode layer or have a large area. In the case of spreading over the two electrode layers, the visible hues are different.

  Further, when a dispersion medium in which an electrochromic material is dissolved is used, the electrochromic material is colored by passing an electric current, and a hue other than the hue due to the electrophoretic particles and the reflective layer can be colored.

  In addition, by providing a step between the reflective layer and the electrode layer, the electrophoretic particles tend to converge in a direction perpendicular to the electrode layer, and the influence of the electrophoretic particles on the reflectance or hue of the reflective layer is reduced. be able to.

  With such a structure, a display panel capable of reversibly displaying three kinds of hues or reflectances of an electrochromic material, electrophoretic particles, and a reflective layer can be easily manufactured.

Sectional drawing of the display panel which concerns on one Embodiment at the time of using the electrophoretic particle and electrochromic material by this invention Sectional drawing of the display panel which concerns on one Embodiment at the time of forming the electrode layer and reflective layer by this invention Sectional drawing of the display panel which concerns on one Embodiment at the time of using a partition for the display layer by this invention Sectional drawing of the display panel which concerns on one Embodiment at the time of using a microcapsule for the display layer by this invention

  FIG. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a display panel using electrophoretic particles and electrochromic according to the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a cross-sectional view of a display panel according to the present invention is charged with a front electrode plate 9 provided with a transparent electrode layer (second electrode layer) 2 on a transparent substrate (base material) 1 and charged. Electrophoretic particles 6 made of colored electrophoretic particles are dispersed, and a display layer 10 having a transparent dispersion medium 4 that is a dispersion medium in which an electrochromic material is dissolved, and an electrode layer (first layer) on a substrate 8. 1 electrode layer) 7 and a reflecting plate 5 and a back electrode plate 11 facing the front electrode plate 9.

  The outline of the display principle of the display panel using the electrophoretic particles and the electrochromic material according to the present invention will be described below. A large number of electrode layers 7 installed on the substrate 8 are connected to a power source having a circuit configuration of an active matrix drive system. Thereby, the electrode layer 7 is connected to each pixel electrode switching element, and a positive / negative voltage can be applied between the transparent electrode layer 2 and an electric current can be sent. When the voltage of the electrode layer 7 is changed, the electric field applied to the display layer 10 is changed.

  When the electrode layer 7 is a positive electrode, the positively charged particles in the display layer 10 move away from the electrode layer 7 side of the back electrode plate 11 and move to the front transparent electrode layer 2 side. Similarly, when the electrode layer 7 becomes a negative electrode, the positively charged particles move to the electrode layer 7 side. The electrophoretic particles 6 move to one of the facing electrodes by applying a voltage for a short time, and maintain their position even when the voltage application is stopped. Furthermore, the electrophoretic particles 6 converge on the electrode layer 7, the electrode layer 7 is used as a negative electrode, a voltage lower than the voltage for causing the electrophoretic particles 6 to be electrophoresed is applied, and a current is passed through the display layer 10, thereby On the layer 2 side, the electrochromic material 3 is reduced and color develops. The electrochromic material 3 is gradually discolored when the current is stopped. Alternatively, the current can be rapidly erased by flowing the current in reverse.

  Here, for example, if the electrophoretic particles 6 are black, the reflective layer 5 is white, and the electrochromic material 3 is reduced to develop a blue color, the display color is that the electrophoretic particles 6 move to the front transparent electrode layer 2 side. Black, white when moved to the electrode layer 7 on the back surface, blue when electrochromic is colored with the electrophoretic particles 6 converged on the electrode layer 7, and displays desired characters and images in black and white and blue in multiple colors Can do.

  The same effect can be obtained by a combination in which electrophoretic charging is negative and the electrochromic material 3 is colored by oxidation.

  The material and member used for this invention are demonstrated below.

  For the formation of the display layer 10, the transparent dispersion medium 4, the electrophoretic particles 6, the electrochromic material 3, and the supporting salt are used.

  For the transparent dispersion medium 4, water, aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, alicyclic hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, various esters, alcohol solvents, etc. are used. For example, isopar, propylene carbonate, acetonitrile , Γ-butyrolactone, ethylene carbonate, dioxolane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-ethoxymethoxyethane, polyethylene glycol, alcohols, and the like. Solvents that are used alone or appropriately mixed are used.

  The electrophoretic particles 6 generally use inorganic pigments such as inorganic carbon, fine powders such as glass or resin, and composites thereof. Examples of black particles include powdered carbon and titanium black, and examples of white particles include known white inorganic pigments such as titanium oxide, silica, alumina, and zinc oxide, organic compounds such as vinyl acetate emulsion, and these The complex of etc. is used. Furthermore, for other colors, a polymer material such as polystyrene which is finely powdered and colored with a dye or pigment can be used.

  The electrophoretic particles 6 can be imparted with a desired surface charge by treating the surface of the particles with various surfactants, dispersants, organic and inorganic compounds, metals, and the like, if necessary. In addition, the dispersion stability in the dispersion medium can be improved.

  As the electrochromic material 3, general inorganic and organic compounds can be used. Specifically, low molecular organic electrochromic compounds such as viologens, phenothiazines, anthraquinones, styryl spiropyrans, pyrazolines, fluorans, styryl spiropyran dyes, phthalocyanines, polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, etc. Molecular compound. Examples thereof include inorganic electrochromic compounds such as titanium oxide, molybdenum oxide, niobium oxide, iridium oxide, vanadium oxide, tungsten oxide, indium oxide, iridium oxide, nickel oxide, and Prussian blue. Furthermore, it has been found that leuco dyes, which are generally organic compounds that donate electricity, can also be electrically colored and decolored. For example, electron-donating dye precursors such as leucooramines, diarylphthalides, polyarylcarbinols, acylauramines, arylolamines, rhodamine B-lactams, indolines, spiropyrans, and fluorans Is mentioned.

  In addition, since these electrochromic materials are likely to generate radicals and may be polymerized to deteriorate the materials, for example, diphenols or nitrosamines may be added as polymerization inhibitors.

Examples of the supporting salt include inorganic ion salts such as alkali metal salts and alkaline earth metal salts, quaternary ammonium salts, acids and alkalis. As a further specific example of a supporting _{salt, L i C l O 4,} L i B F 4, L i A s F 6, L i PF 6, L i C F 3 S O 3, L i C F ₃ C 2 O ₃ , K C 1, N a C 1 O ₃ , N a C 1, N a B F ₄ , N a S C N, K B F ₄ , M g (C 1 O ₄ ) ₂ , M g (B F _{4) 2,} and the like.

  The front electrode plate 9 has a structure in which a transparent electrode layer 2 is formed on a transparent substrate 1. As the transparent substrate 1, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate, polyimide, polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride or other plastic film, glass, or the like can be used. What can be used as the transparent electrode material is a conductive oxide having transparency such as indium oxide, tin oxide and zinc oxide such as ITO. The transparent electrode layer 2 can be formed by using conventional techniques such as vapor deposition, sputtering, and CVD.

  The back electrode plate 11 may be an active matrix electrode plate in which thin transistors using amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon, which are generally employed for driving a liquid crystal panel, are arranged. As a material used for the transistor, an organic semiconductor using pentacene or anthracene can be given. However, considering the cost, an active matrix electrode plate using silicon is preferable.

  The total area of the electrode layers 7 facing the display layer 10 of the back electrode plate 11 is preferably 10% or more and 50% or less of the area of the transparent electrode layer 2 of the facing front electrode plate 9. When the total area of the electrode layer 7 is larger than 50%, the electrophoretic particles 6 that have been electrophoresed on the electrode layer 7 spread over the entire back electrode plate 11 due to the spread of the electric field, and are observed from the front electrode plate 9 side. However, this is because the color of the electrophoretic particles 6 is strongly observed. Further, if the total area of the electrode layer 7 is smaller than 10%, a voltage is not sufficiently applied to the entire surface of the transparent electrode layer 2 of the front electrode plate 9, and a current flows only in a part of the transparent electrode layer 2, This is because the color development area of the electrochromic material 3 is reduced.

  Examples of the material for forming the reflective layer 5 include white oxide such as magnesium oxide, barium sulfate, and titanium oxide. Examples of the black material include carbon black made of carbon such as lamp black and bone black, and titanium black powder made of an inorganic material. Furthermore, if it is blue, cobalt aluminate, cobalt chrome blue, phthalocyanines, and if it is red, anthraquinone and azo compounds may be mentioned. Each material is directly or mixed with a polymer material and applied onto the substrate 8. Here, white or black that is an achromatic color that does not hinder the hue of the electrochromic material 3 is preferable, but white is the most preferable in consideration of brightness. The hue or reflectance of the reflective layer 5 and the charged electrophoretic particles 6 are different from each other.

  As a coating method of the reflective layer 5, screen printing, micro gravure coater, kiss coater, comma coater, die coater, bar coater, spin coater, or the like can be used.

  The reflective layer 5 may also be formed on the electrode layer 7, but is preferably formed at a place other than the electrode layer 7. This is because when the distance between the electrophoretic particles 6 and the electrode layer 7 is increased by forming the reflective layer 5, the retention property of the electrophoretic particles 6 converged on the reflective layer 5 stacked on the electrode layer 7 is lowered.

  As a method of forming the reflective layer 5 other than the electrode layer 7, a method of avoiding the electrode layer 7 by screen printing, ink jet, reversal printing, or the like, a protective cover is previously installed on the electrode, and the entire surface is formed by a spin coater or die coater. And a method of removing the cover after applying the reflective coating solution, or a method of forming by photolithography.

  Further, the step between the reflective layer 5 and the electrode layer 7 formed other than on the electrode layer 7, that is, the difference in height between the reflective layer 5 and the electrode layer 7 is shown in FIG. It is preferable to be larger than the average particle size. The height of the reflective layer 5 is larger than the height of the electrode layer 7. When the electrophoretic particles 6 converge on the electrode layer 7, if the level difference between the reflective layer 5 and the electrode layer 7 is equal to or less than the average particle size of the electrophoretic particles 6, the electrophoretic particles 6 are only on the upper surface of the electrode layer 7. Are not collected but spread to the adjacent reflective layer 5 with the electrode layer 7 as the center. However, by providing a step larger than the average particle diameter of the electrophoretic particles 6 between the reflective layer 5 and the electrode layer 7, the electrophoretic particles 6 do not spread to the reflective layer 5, but converge on the electrode layer 7, This is because the reflectance and hue of the reflective layer 5 are not inhibited.

  Further, in order to control the interval between the electrodes facing each other, the display layer 10 configured to partition the electrodes into a plurality of regions by the partition walls 12 as shown in FIG. 3, or the microcapsule 13 as shown in FIG. Thus, the display layer 10 microencapsulated can be used. Thereby, the effect of controlling the flow of particles in the display layer 10 is also desired.

  The partition 12 can be formed by direct formation by screen printing or reversal printing or by a subtracting method by photolithography.

  Examples of the material of the partition wall 12 include various resin materials such as acrylic resin, epoxy resin, urethane resin, melamine resin, and phenol resin, and various ceramic materials such as silica, alumina, and titania. These materials can be used in combination of two or more.

  The partition walls 12 can be arranged on each side of the electrode layer 7. For example, the area of the surface in contact with the display layer 10 or the reflective layer 7 of each electrode layer 7 in the region partitioned by the partition wall 12 is changed to the display layer 10 of the transparent electrode layer 2 in the region partitioned by the partition wall 12. It is 10% or more and 50% or less of the area of the contact surface.

As the material of the microcapsule 13, a material such as melamine resin, acrylic resin, gelatin-gum arabic can be used.
[Example 1]

  1,1′-dibenzyl-4 formed from 1,1′-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as an electrochromic material using 50 ml of ion-exchanged water as a solvent. , 4′-bipyridinium was dissolved in 7 mM, and LiBr (manufactured by Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a supporting salt was dissolved in 0.1 mM. Furthermore, 1 g of hydrophilic carbon black Aqua-Black 162 (manufactured by Tokai Carbon Co., Ltd.) which is positively charged as one kind of charged electrophoretic particles 6 is dispersed as charged black particles, and a display layer liquid (display dispersion liquid) is dispersed. Produced.

  As the back electrode plate 11 (40 mm × 20 mm), a glass plate in which an indium tin oxide electrode was wired on a stripe of L / S = 0.2 / 0.4 mm was prepared. A titanium oxide paste dispersed with acetic acid was applied thereon with a bar coater and sintered in an oven at 300 ° C. for 30 minutes to prepare a back electrode plate with a reflector.

  A glass plate having an indium tin oxide electrode deposited on the entire surface is used as a front electrode plate 9 (40 mm × 20 mm), and 100 μm-thick double-sided tape 4597 (manufactured by 3M) is set at the four ends. A pair of display panel electrode members was obtained by bonding.

  Subsequently, the display layer liquid was injected between the electrodes of the display panel electrode member with a dropper to obtain a display panel according to the present invention.

  When the back electrode is used as a positive electrode for this display panel and 15 V is applied for 300 ms, the charged black particles move to the front electrode plate 9 and black display is observed. Conversely, when 15 V is applied for 300 ms, the charged black particles are applied to the back electrode plate. Collected on the 11 stripe electrodes, the white color of the reflector was observed predominantly. This black and white color did not change even when voltage application was stopped. Although the color changed to blue due to the color development of the electrochromic material by applying the voltage for a short time, the color was erased by stopping the voltage application.

On the other hand, when a voltage of 2 V was continuously applied from the white state, it was observed that the color was blue although it was derived from the electrochromic material reduced near the front electrode plate 9.
[Example 2]

  Using 50 ml of propylene carbonate as a solvent, 10 mM of leuco dye S-205 (manufactured by Yamada Chemical Co., Ltd.) as an electrochromic material, and tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as a supporting salt 50 mM), hydroquinone (manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.) as a polymerization inhibitor was dissolved in 10 mM. Further, a display layer liquid (display dispersion) was prepared in which 1 g of positively charged acrylic fine particles colored with a red pigment Red HPR Conk Extra (manufactured by Mikuni Dye Co., Ltd.) was dispersed as one type of charged electrophoretic particles 6.

  As the back electrode plate 11, a thin transistor substrate in which a 130 μm square electrode layer 7 is arranged so as to have a resolution of 72 dpi (pixel pitch 353 μm square) is formed, and a titanium oxide layer is formed as a reflective layer 5 thereon. A back electrode plate with a reflective layer was obtained.

  A glass plate with an electrode on which indium tin oxide is deposited on the entire surface is used as a front electrode plate 9, and then Leicure OP, FG-30 (Jujo Chemical Co., Ltd.) is processed by screen printing, with a height of 80 μm and a thickness of 5 μm. A partition wall 12 having a size of about 1 was formed in a lattice shape to obtain a front electrode plate with a partition wall.

  The front electrode plate with partition walls was filled with the display layer liquid, and the back electrode with reflection layer was combined. A display panel according to the present invention was obtained by applying Reicure OP, FG-30 (Jujo Chemical Co., Ltd.) as a sealing agent at the four corners and fixing by UV irradiation so that the electrodes were not separated from each other.

  When the back electrode is a positive electrode and 15 V is applied to the display panel for 300 ms, the charged black particles move to the front electrode plate 9 and a red display is observed. Conversely, when 15 V is applied for 300 ms, the charged red particles are the back electrode plate. 11 gathered on 11 electrodes, and the white color of the reflector was observed.

  Furthermore, when a voltage of 2 V was continuously applied from the white state, it was observed that the color was black although it was derived from the electrochromic material reduced near the front electrode plate 9.

  The present invention can be applied to various displays such as a tablet, electronic paper, a portable terminal, and a personal computer monitor.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Transparent base material 2 ... Transparent electrode layer 3 ... Electrochromic material 4 ... Transparent dispersion medium 5 ... Reflective layer 6 ... Electrophoretic particle 7 ... Electrode layer 8 ... Substrate 9 ... Front electrode plate 10 ... Display layer 11 ... Back electrode plate 12 ... partition wall 13 ... microcapsule

Claims (7)

A display panel having at least a substrate, a first electrode layer, a display layer, a second electrode layer and a substrate in this order,
There are a plurality of the first electrode layers,
The plurality of first electrode layers are directly laminated on the substrate,
The plurality of first electrode layers are separated from each other;
The total area of the surface in contact with the display layer of the first electrode layer is 10% to 50% of the area of the surface in contact with the display layer of the second electrode layer,
The display layer has at least a display dispersion liquid in which one type of charged electrophoretic particles and an electrochromic material capable of electrically controlling coloring and decoloring are dispersed,
A reflective layer is laminated on the substrate and the first electrode layer;
The hue or reflectance of the reflective layer and the charged electrophoretic particles are different from each other,
Total area of the surface in contact with the reflective layer of the first electrode layer, and said second electrode layer is the 10% to 50% of the area of the surface in contact with the display layer of the display panel. A display panel having at least a substrate, a first electrode layer, a display layer, a second electrode layer and a substrate in this order,
There are a plurality of the first electrode layers,
The plurality of first electrode layers are directly laminated on the substrate,
The plurality of first electrode layers are separated from each other;
The total area of the surface in contact with the display layer of the first electrode layer is 10% to 50% of the area of the surface in contact with the display layer of the second electrode layer,
The display layer has at least a display dispersion liquid in which one type of charged electrophoretic particles and an electrochromic material capable of electrically controlling coloring and decoloring are dispersed,
A reflective layer is laminated on the substrate;
The display panel , wherein the reflective layer and the charged electrophoretic particles have different hues or reflectances. The display panel according to claim 2 , wherein a difference in height between the reflective layer and the first electrode layer is larger than an average particle diameter of the charged electrophoretic particles. Display panel according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the display layer is partitioned by a partition wall. The display panel according to claim 4 , wherein the partition walls are arranged in four directions of each of the plurality of first electrode layers. The area of the surface of the first electrode layer in contact with the display layer or the reflective layer in the region partitioned by the partition is the display layer of the second electrode layer in the region partitioned by the partition The display panel according to claim 5 , wherein the area is 10% or more and 50% or less of the area of the surface in contact with. The display layer comprises microcapsules;
Wherein any one of claims 1, characterized in that display dispersion charged electrophoretic particles in microcapsules electrically coloring and decoloring by dispersing and controllable electrochromic material is sealed 3 The display panel according to item.

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