JP6034577B2 - Drive device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power generation device including an oiling device that converts plastic into oil to be mixed oil, a driving device that drives using oil such as a boiler, and a driving method.

  Conventionally, there is a generator as a driving device using oil that uses diesel oil or kerosene to drive a diesel engine to rotate a dynamo, and waste oil consisting of edible oil is esterified to light oil or kerosene. There is a generator used instead of.

JP 2004-245064 A JP 2006-29955 A

  However, the generators of the above-mentioned patent documents all use light oil or kerosene, and there is no disclosure of using mixed oil collected from waste plastic. The mixed oil is a mixture of kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, and pitch components, and its viscosity is higher than that of kerosene or light oil. Or not.

  Therefore, the drive device of the present invention includes an oiling device that plasticizes oil into a mixed oil, a first oil tank for storing the mixed oil, a diesel engine such as light oil, kerosene, or heavy oil, a boiler, and the like. A second oil tank for the driving device for driving the driving device, a heating device for heating the mixed oil from the mixed oil, a first oil tank and a second oil to the injection nozzle of the driving device And a switching device that switches supply of oil from the tank.

Further, the drive device is a generator, and the generator has a dynamo, and a part of the electric output from the dynamo is a heat source for the pyrolysis heater and the mixed oil heating device for converting the plastic of the liquefaction device into plastic Used as.
In the driving method of the present invention, light oil, kerosene or heavy oil is supplied to the injection nozzle of the driving device at the beginning of operation, and after a certain period of time, it is switched to a mixed oil collected by plasticizing and before the operation of the mixed oil is completed. In order to flush the spray nozzle, it was switched to light oil, kerosene or heavy oil for a certain period of time.

  Moreover, it is preferable to add a viscosity index improver and an ignition accelerator to the mixed oil from polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) among the mixed oil.

  Kerosene, light oil, heavy oil, mixed oil mixed with pitch components, etc. obtained by converting plastic to oil has a higher viscosity than kerosene or light oil, and the mixed oil from the mixed oil tank is heated to a temperature of around 65 ° C by a heating device. Since the viscosity is reduced and the oil is supplied to the injection nozzle of a drive unit such as a diesel engine or boiler, the mixed oil can be uniformly injected from the injection nozzle, and by providing a switching device, light oil is used until the initial operation injection nozzle becomes warm. , Drive the drive device with kerosene or heavy oil, then switch to mixed oil operation, switch to light oil, kerosene or heavy oil operation at the end of operation, flush the injection nozzle to remove the residual of the mixed oil injection nozzle, During operation, clogging of the injection nozzle can be effectively prevented.

It is a schematic block diagram of the drive device with an oil-ized apparatus of this invention. It is an operation process figure of the drive unit with an oil-ized apparatus of the present invention. It is a graph which shows an ASTM distillation test result.

  Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In FIG. 1, an oil generator-equipped power generator 1 which is an example of a drive device according to the present invention includes an oil generator 2 for converting plastic to oil to make a mixed oil. This is a batch-type small oil making apparatus, which includes a heating kettle 3, waste plastic P is supplied into the heating kettle 3, and the heating kettle 3 is closed with an openable / closable open / close lid 4. , A popper 5 is provided, and waste plastic is supplied into the heating kettle 3 through the hopper 5. The heating pot 3 is heated to around 400 ° C. by the planar heater 6, and the waste plastic therein is thermally decomposed into hydrocarbon gas. This gas is decomposed through the catalyst unit 7 and cooled by the condenser 8 to become mixed oil. This mixed oil is sent to the mixed oil tank 9 (first oil tank) and stored. A heating device 10 is connected to the mixed oil tank 9. The heating device 10 includes a water container 11 in which water is stored, a heat exchange pipe 12 through which mixed oil passes, and a heater 13 for heating the water in the water container 11. The mixed oil is uniformly heated to about 60 to 70 ° C. Optimally, it is heated to around 65 ° C. In general, the mixed oil of waste plastic has a component ratio of 25% light oil (gasoline light oil), 50% kerosene, 20% A heavy oil, 5% pitch, and its viscosity is lower than that of light oil or kerosene oil alone. If the heating device 10 is not heated to about 65 ° C., the injection nozzle unit 14 of the diesel engine E will be clogged, or injection unevenness will occur. The pipe 15 between the heating device 10 and the injection nozzle unit 14 is covered with a heat insulating material 16 to prevent a temperature drop of the mixed oil.

  On the other hand, a second oil tank 17 for storing light oil or kerosene is connected to the injection nozzle unit 14, and light oil or kerosene is supplied to the injection nozzle unit 14 via a pipe 18. Open / close valves 19 and 20 are provided, and these open / close valves 19 and 20 are opened and closed by a controller 21. Either a light oil (kerosene) or a mixed oil is supplied to the injection nozzle unit 14 to form a switching device for the both opening / closing valves 19 and 20 and the controller 21 to switch the oil supply from both tanks 9 and 17. doing. The controller 21 also controls the heater 6 of the oil refiner 2 and the heater 13 of the heater 10. The diesel engine E drives a dynamo D, and part of the electric power is used for heating the heaters 6 and 13.

  In actual operation, as shown in FIG. 2, at the beginning of operation, kerosene or light oil from the first oil tank 17 is supplied to warm the injection nozzle unit 14, and the second oil is heated to about 65 ° C. The mixed oil from the tank 9 is supplied to the injection nozzle unit 14 while being heated to 65 ° C. through the heating device 10, and at the end of the operation, the oil supply from the second oil tank is switched again to flush the injection nozzle and the mixed oil Wash away any residue. As described above, if the operation of supplying light oil or kerosene is performed before and after the supply of the mixed oil, it is possible to effectively prevent clogging of the injection nozzle and injection in a biased direction. In the case of a 25 kw power generator, it is preferable that the amount of light oil or kerosene supplied in the initial stage of operation is about 0.5 l, and the amount of light oil or kerosene supplied at the end of operation is about 1 l.

  As another example of the drive device, there is a boiler, and the boiler also has an injection nozzle. The injection nozzle has the same principle as that of the injection nozzle of the diesel engine, and the above-described injection nozzle of the boiler is the same as that described above. In the case of a boiler, kerosene or heavy oil is generally used, and the second oil tank 17 in FIG. 1 stores heavy oil or kerosene tank. .

  Next, the fuel characteristics of the mixed oil collected from PE, PS, and PP will be described.

  The fuel characteristics of the mixed oil collected from plastic are calorific value (Thermo-type automatic pump calorimeter), kinematic viscosity (Engler type), flash point (Penschaltens type), moisture content (Karl Fischer) and fuel analysis The gas chromatography / mass spectrometer was used for the ASTM distillation test and mass analysis.

The basic fuel characteristics of the plastic mixed oil are shown in Table 1. Regarding the calorific value, JIS No. 2 diesel oil was also measured for comparison. The flash point was set to 30 ° C. or lower because measurement was impossible. The calorific value is 46.32 MJ / Kg for PE, closest to 47.57 MJ / Kg for JIS No. 2 diesel oil, followed by PP for 44.66 MJ / Kg and PS for 41.81 MJ / Kg. With the exception of PS, PE and PP have values comparable to light oil, and the calorific value is satisfactory as diesel fuel. Both the kinematic viscosities are as low as ^{2 to} 2.28 mm ² / s at 20 ° C. and 30 ° C., and the diesel fuel is insufficient in kinematic viscosities, so measures for improving the viscosity are required. The water content was the highest at 742 ppm of PS compared to 230 and 256 ppm of PE and PP.

  The ASTM distillation test result of the mixed oil collected from the plastic is shown in FIG. The distillation property is the temperature distribution with the highest PE, and then PP has a slightly lower temperature, but both show a linear and uniform temperature distribution. However, PS shows a horizontal distribution of about 140 to 150 ° C. up to 50%, the temperature rapidly rises from 60%, low boiling point components occupy about 60%, and as described above, the moisture is the highest at 742 ppm, These are the causes of low calorific value. Therefore, although the high temperature range of PE and PP is almost the same as that of light oil, the low temperature range is about 100 ° C. and has a characteristic of partially containing low boiling point gasoline and kerosene components.

  From the above characteristics, PS of recycled plastic oil is effective as a boiler fuel, but is not suitable as a diesel fuel. However, although PP and PE have potential as diesel fuels, it is judged that the addition of an ignition accelerator and a viscosity improver is necessary.

  2-ethylhexyl nitrate (2-EHN) as an ignition accelerator and Acroup as a viscosity index improver for fuel reforming of PP, PE and 50% PP / 50% PE to improve the practicality of mixed oils from plastics 146 (Sanyo Kasei) was added at 3% mass, and the kinematic viscosity (Canon Feske), aniline point test and ASTM distillation test were performed. Tables 2 and 3 show the DI index determined from the kinematic viscosity and the aniline point test.

  The kinematic viscosities of PP, PE and PP / PE are shown in Table 2, and the basic kinematic viscosities are 1.14, 1.52 and 1.47 mm2 / s, respectively, and 1.56, 1 and 2 by adding a viscosity index improver, respectively. It improved to 42 to 49% at .98 and 1.96 mm2 / S. According to the addition of 2-EHN as an ignition accelerator, the kinematic viscosities of PP and PE remained unchanged at 1.49 and 1.54 mm2 / S, and PP / PE was improved by 39% at 2.04 mm2 / S. According to the addition of both 2-EHN and a viscosity improver, the kinematic viscosities of PP and PE are 1.83, 2.38 and 2.57 mm2 / S, respectively, and the improvement rates are 61, 57 and 75%, excluding PP. A value close to the target of 2.5 mm2 / S was obtained.

  The DI index of PP, PE and PP / PE by aniline point test is shown in Table 3. The basic DI index of PP, PE and PP is 81.0, 81.4 and 83.8, and viscosity index improver is added. Were slightly improved to 87.2, 87.0, and 86.0, respectively. Subsequently, when 2-EHN was added, the DI index was further improved to 88.6, 88.3 and 90.9. According to both addition of 2-EHN and viscosity index improver, the DI index was 90.2, 88.2 and 94.0, respectively, an improvement of 11.8 and 10%. Therefore, it is judged that the ignitability is improved by about 10% by adding the ignition accelerator to the mixed oil collected from the plastic.

  Also, when the engine was driven using PE and PP with a viscosity index improver and an ignition accelerator added to the plastic mixed oil, both PP and PE were able to operate in the same manner as light oil. Compared with light oil, BSFC improved by 2-6%, black smoke concentration did not change, and noise was reduced by 1 to 1.7 dB for PP and 3-3.5 dB for PE compared to light oil. This is thought to be due to the reduction in ignition delay due to the addition of the ignition accelerator. Although the shaft performance difference between PP and PE is slightly different in noise and filling efficiency, it is almost the same as light oil, and it is judged that it can be used as an alternative light oil.

  As a result of the above, recycled oil of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) is added with 3% wt each of viscosity index improver and ignition accelerator, so that the calorific value of fuel characteristics, kinematic viscosity, ignition performance and engine shaft Since its performance is inferior to that of light oil, it has been found that its utility as a diesel fuel and its environmental impact are recognized.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Electric power generation apparatus 2 ... Oil-ized apparatus 3 ... Heating pot 8 ... Condenser 9 ... 1st oil tank 10 ... Heating apparatus 14 ... Injection nozzle unit 17 ... 2nd oil tank E ... Diesel engine D ... Dynamo

Claims (2)

Oiling device for converting plastic into oil mixture, first oil tank for storing the oil mixture, diesel engine such as light oil, kerosene or heavy oil, drive for driving a boiler, etc. A second oil tank for the device, a heating device for heating the mixed oil from the mixed oil, and a switch for switching the supply of oil from the first oil tank and the second oil tank to the injection nozzle of the drive device apparatus and, was perforated, the out of oil mixture, polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) mixed oil comprising adding ignition accelerator and a viscosity index improver to the driver as a reclaimed oil from. The drive device according to claim 1, wherein 3% by weight of each of the viscosity index improver and the ignition accelerator is added.

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