JP6033122B2 - Gas-liquid ratio acquisition system, bearing device, rotating machine, and gas-liquid ratio acquisition method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a gas-liquid ratio acquisition system, a bearing device and a rotary machine using the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system, and a gas-liquid ratio acquisition method.

  In a bearing device such as a journal bearing or a thrust bearing that supports a rotating shaft that rotates at high speed, such as a steam turbine or a compressor, lubricating oil is interposed between the rotating shaft and a bearing pad that supports the rotating shaft. The oil film pressure is generated by the wedge film effect of the lubricating oil, so that the rotating shaft is supported by the bearing pad through the lubricating oil.

Here, if bubbles are mixed in the lubricating oil, the oil film pressure by the lubricating oil is significantly reduced due to the compressibility of the bubbles. In particular, when the rest time of the lubricating oil once collected in the tank is short, or in the case of a bearing device that supplies the lubricating oil by the nozzle to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, the volume ratio of bubbles in the lubricating oil, that is, the void ratio is Get higher.
Such a void ratio needs to be measured with high accuracy when devising a means for reducing bubbles and analyzing bearing characteristics in consideration of bubble mixing.

  Here, for example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for obtaining the void ratio of the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the microchannel based on the capacitance measured by the capacitance sensor.

JP 2009-210500 A

  By the way, in the case of a bearing device, for example, the clearance between the rotating shaft and the bearing pad changes as the rotating shaft rotates. However, the method described in Patent Document 1 can be applied only when the void ratio is obtained at a location where the distance between the members is constant. Since the capacitance also changes, there is a problem that the void ratio cannot be obtained with high accuracy.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a gas-liquid ratio acquisition system, a bearing device, a rotary machine, and a gas that can acquire a gas-liquid ratio of a gas-liquid two-phase flow with higher accuracy. It aims at providing the liquid ratio acquisition method.

The present invention employs the following means in order to solve the above problems.
That is, the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to the present invention includes a capacitance sensor that detects a capacitance between surfaces of a first member and a second member that are opposed to each other with a gas-liquid two-phase flow interposed therebetween, and Based on the displacement sensor that detects the distance between the surfaces of the first member and the second member, and the relationship between the capacitance and the gas-liquid ratio for each of the distances acquired in advance, the capacitance and the distance And an arithmetic unit having a gas-liquid ratio determining unit that calculates a gas-liquid ratio in the gas-liquid two-phase flow from a detected value.
Moreover, the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method which concerns on this invention detects the gas-liquid ratio in the said gas-liquid two-phase flow between the surface of the 1st member and 2nd member which are opposingly arranged by interposing a gas-liquid two-phase flow. A method for obtaining a gas-liquid ratio, wherein the gas-liquid ratio is obtained from a detected value of a capacitance between the surfaces and a distance between the surfaces based on a relationship between the capacitance and the gas-liquid ratio obtained in advance for each distance. And a gas-liquid ratio determining step for determining a liquid ratio.

  According to the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system and method having such characteristics, the relationship between the capacitance and the gas-liquid ratio for each distance between the first member and the second member is acquired in advance, and the capacitance based on the relationship. By obtaining the gas-liquid ratio from the detected value of the distance, the gas-liquid ratio in consideration of the distance between the first member and the second member can be acquired.

  In the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to the present invention, the first member is a rotor that rotates about an axis, the second member is a stator, and both the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor are the rotor. Further provided with a rotational speed sensor for detecting the rotational speed of the rotor, wherein the computing device further comprises a rotational position computing part for computing the rotational position of the measuring part based on a detection value of the rotational speed sensor. It is preferable.

  As a result, the rotational position of the measuring unit can be easily acquired.

  On the other hand, in the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to the present invention, the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor may be arranged coaxially.

  In this case, it is possible to minimize an error based on the displacement of the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor.

  Furthermore, in the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to the present invention, the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the rotor, and the calculation device is calculated by the rotational position calculation unit. Based on the rotation position, the rotation position correction unit that associates the capacitance detected at the same rotation position with the detected value of the distance, and the gas-liquid ratio determination unit includes the rotation position correction unit. The gas-liquid ratio may be calculated from the capacitance and the detected distance value associated with each other.

  As a result, even when the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor are at different positions in the rotational direction of the rotor, the gas-liquid ratio at a specific rotational position can be acquired.

  In the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to the present invention, the calculation device associates the gas-liquid ratio calculated by the gas-liquid ratio determination unit with the rotation position calculated by the rotation position calculation unit. You may have a determination part further.

  Thereby, it is possible to grasp at which rotational position the acquired gas-liquid ratio is a value. That is, the value of the gas-liquid ratio for each rotation position can be acquired over the circumferential direction of the rotation axis.

The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to the present invention further includes a temperature sensor that detects a temperature of the gas-liquid two-phase flow, and the arithmetic unit is configured to detect the capacitance and the distance based on the detected value of the temperature. It is preferable to further have a temperature calibration unit for calibrating the detected value.
Thereby, the error due to the temperature of the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor can be reduced.

Furthermore, a bearing device according to the present invention is a rotating shaft that includes the first member, the second member, and any one of the gas-liquid ratio acquisition systems, and the first member rotates about an axis. The second member is a bearing pad that supports the rotating shaft, and the gas-liquid two-phase flow is lubricating oil.
Moreover, the rotary machine which concerns on this invention is provided with the said bearing apparatus, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
As a result, the void ratio, which is the gas-liquid ratio in the lubricating oil, can be obtained with high accuracy.

On the other hand, a rotating machine according to the present invention includes the first member, the second member, and any one of the gas-liquid ratio acquisition systems, wherein the first member is a moving blade, and the second member The member is a stationary blade.
Thereby, the gas-liquid ratio of the gas between the moving blade and the stationary blade can be acquired.

  According to the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system, the bearing device, the rotating machine, and the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method of the present invention, the gas-liquid ratio can be acquired with high accuracy by considering the distance between the first member and the second member. it can.

It is a model longitudinal cross-sectional view orthogonal to the axis line of the steam turbine (rotary machine) which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing orthogonal to the rotating shaft in the bearing apparatus of FIG. It is an enlarged view of the bearing pad part of FIG. It is a functional block diagram of the arithmetic unit of a first embodiment. (A) is a graph which shows the relationship between a capacity | capacitance and a void ratio, (b) is a graph group which shows the relationship between the electrostatic capacitance for every distance, and a void ratio. It is a flowchart of the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method which concerns on 1st embodiment. It is sectional drawing orthogonal to the rotating shaft of the bearing apparatus which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a perspective view of the measurement part which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of the arithmetic unit which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a flowchart of the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method which concerns on 2nd embodiment. It is a perspective view of the measurement part which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of the arithmetic unit which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is a flowchart of the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method which concerns on 3rd embodiment. It is sectional drawing orthogonal to the rotating shaft of the bearing apparatus which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is a functional block diagram of the arithmetic unit which concerns on 4th embodiment. In 4th embodiment, it is a schematic diagram explaining the concept of correction | amendment of the rotational position of an electrostatic capacitance sensor and a displacement sensor. It is a flowchart of the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method which concerns on 4th embodiment. It is a model longitudinal cross-sectional view orthogonal to the axis line of the steam turbine (rotary machine) which concerns on 5th embodiment.

  Hereinafter, the steam turbine 20 (rotary machine) which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention is demonstrated with reference to FIG. Here, the steam turbine 20 is an external combustion engine that extracts the energy of the steam S as rotational power, and is used by being connected to a generator or the like in a power plant.

As shown in FIG. 1, the steam turbine 20 includes a turbine casing 30, a rotating shaft 50 extending along the axis O so as to penetrate the turbine casing 30, a stationary blade 60 held in the turbine casing 30, and rotation. A moving blade 70 provided on the shaft 50 and a bearing portion 80 that supports the rotating shaft 50 so as to be rotatable around the axis O are provided.
The bearing portion 80 includes a journal bearing 81 (hereinafter simply referred to as a bearing device 81) and a thrust bearing 82.

  In such a steam turbine 20, the steam S introduced into the turbine casing 30 passes through the flow path between the stationary blade 60 and the moving blade 70. At this time, when the steam S rotates the rotor blade 70, the rotating shaft 50 rotates with the rotor blade 70, and power (rotational energy) is transmitted to a machine such as a generator connected to the rotating shaft 50. The

Next, the bearing device 81 will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 2, the bearing device 81 includes a rotary shaft 50 (first member, rotor), a bearing casing 1, a support portion 2, a bearing pad 3 (second member, stator), and a gas-liquid ratio. And an acquisition system 10.

  The bearing casing 1 has a cylindrical shape centered on the axis O, and is arranged coaxially with the rotation shaft 50 and surrounding the rotation shaft 50 from the outer peripheral side. The inner peripheral surface of the bearing casing 1 is arranged at a distance from the outer peripheral surface (surface) of the rotating shaft 50.

  A plurality of support portions 2 (four in the present embodiment) are provided on the inner peripheral surface of the bearing casing 1 at intervals in the circumferential direction. The support portion 2 has a radially outer end of the axis O of the rotary shaft 50 fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the bearing casing 1, and supports the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 50 with the radially inner end. Yes.

The bearing pad 3 is provided between the rotary shaft 50 and the bearing casing 1, and a plurality (four in this embodiment) are provided at intervals in the circumferential direction so as to surround the rotary shaft 50 from the outer peripheral side. ing. The bearing pad 3 has a curved plate shape that curves along the curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50, and has an arc shape when viewed in the axial direction. The radius of curvature of the pad surface 4 (surface), which is the surface facing the radially inner side of the bearing pad 3, is formed to be slightly larger than the radius of curvature of the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50. Further, the back surface of the bearing pad 3 facing outward in the radial direction is supported by the tip of the support portion 2 having a spherical shape. As a result, the bearing pad 3 can swing according to the spherical shape of the tip of the support portion 2.
Such a bearing pad 3 includes a back metal formed of a metal having high thermal conductivity such as copper, and a surface layer formed of a bearing material such as white metal or resin, and is laminated on the inner side in the radial direction of the back metal. It is composed of

Next, the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 will be described. This gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 has a gas-liquid ratio in the lubricating oil F (gas-liquid two-phase flow F) interposed between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50 and the pad surface 4 of the bearing pad 3 that are arranged to face each other. That is, this is a system for obtaining the void ratio α.
As shown in FIG. 2, the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 includes a measurement unit 11, a calculation device 100, and a display unit 110.

As shown in FIG. 3, the measurement unit 11 is provided so as to be embedded in the bearing pad 3, and includes a capacitance sensor 12 and a displacement sensor 13.
The electrostatic capacity sensor 12 has a cylindrical shape extending in the radial direction of the rotary shaft 50, and the radial inner end face is exposed in the radial direction inner side from the pad surface 4 of the bearing pad 3 in the bearing pad 3. Embedded. The end surface on the radially inner side of the capacitance sensor 12 is a sensor electrode that is flush with the bearing pad 3.

  The capacitance sensor 12 has the capacitance C between the sensor electrode and the conductive material opposite to the sensor electrode, that is, the sensor electrode and the rotation shaft 50 by arranging the sensor electrode as described above. Capacitance C up to the outer peripheral surface can be detected. Thus, the detected value of the capacitance C detected by the capacitance sensor 12 is input to the arithmetic device 100 via the cable.

The sensor electrode may be disposed radially outward from the pad surface 4, that is, the sensor electrode may be embedded in the bearing pad 3. In this case, if the value of the capacitance C is corrected by the thickness of the bearing pad 3 between the sensor electrode and the pad surface 4, the capacitance between the pad surface 4 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotary shaft 50 is corrected. The value of C can be detected.
The value of the capacitance C detected by the capacitance sensor 12 is the void ratio α of the lubricating oil F interposed between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3 (the volume of bubbles in the unit volume of the lubricating oil F). , That is, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the bubbles in the cross-sectional area of the lubricating oil F in the cross-section including the axis O) and the distance h between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3.

  The displacement sensor 13 has a cylindrical shape extending in the radial direction of the rotary shaft 50 and is embedded in the bearing pad 3 so that the radially inner end face is exposed radially inward from the pad surface 4 of the bearing pad 3. ing. The end surface on the radially inner side of the capacitance sensor 12 is a sensor surface that is flush with the bearing pad 3. The displacement sensor 13 is disposed close to the capacitance sensor 12.

In this embodiment, an eddy current type displacement sensor is used as the displacement sensor 13. With this eddy current type displacement sensor, the distance h from the sensor surface to the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50 can be detected. The displacement sensor 13 is not limited to an eddy current sensor, and various configurations such as an optical displacement sensor and a contact displacement sensor can be employed. That is, any configuration can be adopted as the displacement sensor 13 as long as the distance h between the pad surface 4 of the bearing pad 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50 that changes as the rotating shaft 50 rotates can be detected. In addition, as the displacement sensor 13, it is preferable to employ a sensor that can detect the distance h without being affected by the dielectric constant. In this regard, when the eddy current type displacement sensor is used, the distance h can be detected without being influenced by the dielectric constant.
The detected value of the distance h detected by the displacement sensor 13 in this way is input to the arithmetic device 100 via the cable.

As shown in FIG. 4, the arithmetic device 100 includes a data storage unit 101 and a gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102.
The data storage unit 101 stores the relationship between the capacitance C and the void ratio α (gas-liquid ratio) for each distance h. That is, the data storage unit 101 stores the value of the void ratio α in the case of the arbitrary distance h and the capacitance C acquired in advance.
As shown in FIG. 5A, for example, when the distance h = h1 is constant, there is an inverse correlation between the capacitance C and the void ratio α, that is, the capacitance C is large. The void rate α decreases. In addition, the inverse correlation between the capacitance C and the void ratio α varies depending on the distance h.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5B, the data storage unit 101 has a relationship between the capacitance C and the void ratio α in the case of a plurality of distances h = h1, h2, h3, h4. It is remembered. The data storage unit 101 only needs to store the relationship between the capacitance C and the void ratio α for each distance h, and each void ratio that changes based on the two variables of the distance h and the capacitance C. α (the distance h and the void ratio α for each capacitance C) may be stored as a data table. In addition, a three-dimensional map indicating the relationship between the distance h, the capacitance C, and the void ratio α may be stored as data.
Furthermore, not only the data table and the three-dimensional map, but also, for example, a mathematical expression indicating the relationship between the distance h, the capacitance C, and the void ratio α may be stored as data.

  The relationship between the capacitance C and the void rate α for each distance h as described above is obtained by measuring the capacitance C while changing the void rate α in advance with the distance h being constant, and is a graph shown in FIG. Then, as shown in FIG. 5B, the graph can be obtained for each distance h while changing the distance h.

  The gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102 stores data stored in the data storage unit 101 from the detection value of the capacitance C input from the capacitance sensor 12 and the detection value of the distance h input from the displacement sensor 13. Based on the above, the void ratio α in the lubricating oil F is determined and output.

  Then, the display unit 110 displays the value of the void rate α calculated by the arithmetic device 100, that is, the value of the void rate α determined by the gas-liquid ratio determining unit 102, for example, on a display so that the user can recognize it. .

Next, the operation of the bearing device 81 using such a gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 will be described.
During operation of the steam turbine 20, the rotating shaft 50 rotates, so that the rotating shaft 50 comes into sliding contact with the pad surface 4 of the bearing pad 3 via the lubricating oil F. Such lubricating oil F comes into contact with air so that bubbles are present in the lubricating oil F. In the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of this embodiment, the volume ratio of bubbles in the lubricating oil F, that is, the void ratio α is acquired. As shown in FIG. 6, the void ratio α is acquired by the gas-liquid ratio determining step S1.

That is, in the gas-liquid ratio determination step S1, the void ratio α is determined by referring to the data stored in the data storage unit 101 from the capacitance C and the detection value of the distance h input from the measurement unit 11.
More specifically, when the detection values of the capacitance C and the distance h are input to the gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102 of the arithmetic device 100, the gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102 causes the capacitance C and the distance h to be detected. Is determined with reference to a table stored in the data storage unit 101 and a three-dimensional map. Further, the gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102 may calculate and determine the void rate α from the determination formula of the void rate α using the capacitance C and the distance h stored in the data storage unit 101 as variables.
The void ratio α determined by the gas-liquid ratio determining unit 102 is output to the display unit 110 and displayed on a display or the like.

As described above, according to the present embodiment, the relationship between the capacitance C and the gas-liquid ratio for each distance h between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3 is acquired in advance, and the capacitance C and the distance h based on the relationship. By obtaining the void ratio α from the detected value, it is possible to obtain the void ratio α in consideration of the distance h between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3.
That is, in the bearing device 81, the distance h between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50 and the pad surface 4 changes every moment due to rotational vibration of the rotating shaft 50, external force acting on the rotating shaft 50, thermal deformation of the rotating shaft 50, and the like. . When the distance h changes in this way, the capacitance C between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3 also changes, and therefore the void ratio α cannot be obtained with high accuracy based on the detected value of the capacitance C. . On the other hand, in the present embodiment, the value of the distance h is acquired in advance in addition to the value of the capacitance C, that is, the void ratio α is acquired while correcting the value of the capacitance C due to the change of the distance h. can do.
As a result, even when the distance h between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3 changes, the void ratio α between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3 can be obtained with high accuracy.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the second embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of the second embodiment further includes a rotation speed sensor 16, and the configurations of the measurement unit 11 and the arithmetic device 100 are different from those of the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the rotation speed sensor 16 is a sensor that detects the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 50. As this rotation speed sensor 16, it is good also as a structure which can detect rotation speed, for example using a rotary encoder, a speed generator, etc., or it is the structure which acquires rotation speed from the said output by measuring the output of the steam turbine 20. There may be. In addition, any configuration can be used as the rotation speed sensor 16 as long as the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 50 can be detected.

The measurement unit 11 of the present embodiment is provided so as to be embedded in the rotation shaft 50. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8, the electrostatic capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 in the measurement part 11 are arrange | positioned coaxially.
More specifically, the capacitance sensor 12 of the present embodiment has a cylindrical shape extending in the radial direction of the rotating shaft 50. The displacement sensor 13 has a columnar shape extending in the radial direction, and is fitted inside the cylindrical capacitance sensor 12 without a gap. As a result, the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are arranged coaxially with the radial direction as the central axis, and the sensor electrode and the extension of the displacement sensor 13 are the end surfaces in the extending direction of the capacitance sensor 12. The sensor surfaces, which are end surfaces in the present direction, are flush with each other. The measuring unit 11 is embedded in the rotating shaft 50 so that the sensor electrode and the sensor surface are flush with the outer peripheral surface so as to be exposed from the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft 50.
In addition, the displacement sensor 13 may be configured to have a cylindrical shape, and the capacitance sensor 12 may be coaxially disposed inside the displacement sensor 13.

The computing device 100 further includes a rotational position computing unit 103 and a gas-liquid ratio position determining unit 104 in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment.
The rotational position calculation unit 103 receives a detection value of the rotational speed of the rotational shaft 50 from the rotational speed sensor 16. The rotation position calculation unit 103 calculates a rotation position around the axis O in the measurement unit 11 based on the rotation number. For example, the rotation position calculation unit 103 calculates a rotation position that changes with the time of the measurement unit 11 based on the input detection value of the rotation speed, the rotation time, and the initial rotation position of the measurement unit 11.

  The gas / liquid ratio position determination unit 104 associates the void ratio α determined by the gas / liquid ratio determination unit 102 with the rotation position calculated by the rotation position calculation unit 103. More specifically, the time when the detection values of the capacitance C and the distance h are input to the gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102 and the rotation position of the measurement unit 11 calculated by the rotation position calculation unit 103 are associated with each other. . As a result, the void ratio α determined by the gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102 is a value at which rotational position of the measurement unit 11.

  As described above, the void ratio α and the rotation position value of the measurement unit 11 associated with each other by the gas-liquid ratio position determination unit 104 are output to the display unit 110.

Next, the gas-liquid ratio acquisition method using the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of such 2nd embodiment is demonstrated with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
When the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 is operated along with the start of rotation of the rotary shaft 50, the gas-liquid ratio determination step S11 and the rotational position calculation step S12 are performed in parallel.

In the gas-liquid ratio determination step S11, as in the first embodiment, the void ratio α is determined from the capacitance C input from the measurement unit 11 and the detected value of the distance h. Such determination of the void rate α is performed continuously or every time a predetermined sampling time elapses.
In the rotational position calculation step S <b> 12, the rotational position of the measuring unit 11 is calculated based on the rotational speed detection value input from the rotational speed sensor 16. Such calculation of the rotational position is performed continuously or every time a predetermined sampling time elapses.

Next, a gas-liquid ratio position determining step S13 is performed. In the gas-liquid ratio position determination step S13, the gas-liquid ratio position determination unit 104 determines the void ratio α determined in the gas-liquid ratio determination step S11 and the rotation position of the measurement unit 11 calculated in the rotation position calculation step S12. Are associated with time. In other words, in the rotational position calculation step S12, the void ratio α and the rotational position of the measurement unit 11 at the same time are associated with each other.
Then, the void ratio α and the rotation position of the measurement unit 11 thus associated are output to the display unit 110 and displayed on a display or the like.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, the void ratio α obtained at the arbitrary rotation position of the measurement unit 11 is acquired by outputting the acquired void rate α and the rotation position of the measurement unit 11 as information. be able to.

  Therefore, for example, a set of sensors of the electrostatic capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 in the measurement unit 11 can easily determine at which circumferential position the void ratio α of the four bearing pads 3 has been acquired. I can grasp it. In addition, when the void rate α and the rotation position are continuously acquired and calculated, a change in the void rate α in one rotation of the rotation shaft 50 can be acquired. That is, it is possible to continuously acquire the void ratio α by using the line passing through the pad surface 4 of the four bearing pads 3 in the circumferential direction as a void ratio α detection line.

  Moreover, in the measurement part 11, since the electrostatic capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are arrange | positioned coaxially, the detection value of the electrostatic capacitance C and the distance h does not become a thing of a mutually different place, ie, Capacitance C and distance h at the same location can be acquired. Therefore, it is possible to obtain the void ratio α at any location with high accuracy.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the third embodiment, the same components as those in the second embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of the third embodiment is different from the second embodiment in the configuration of the measurement unit 11 and the arithmetic device 100.

  The measurement unit 11 includes a temperature sensor 14 in addition to the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13. The temperature sensor 14 is provided integrally with the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13. In this embodiment, the temperature sensor 14 is provided in the extending direction of the capacitance sensor 12 in the cylindrical capacitance sensor 12. It is embedded to extend in parallel. As the temperature sensor 14, various sensors such as a thermocouple can be used, and the sensor is arranged so that the temperature in the vicinity of the sensor electrode of the capacitance sensor 12 and the sensor surface of the displacement sensor 13 can be detected. In this embodiment, the temperature detection part of the temperature sensor 14 is arrange | positioned so that it may become flush with a sensor electrode and a sensor surface.

  As shown in FIG. 12, the arithmetic device 100 further includes a temperature calibration unit 105 in addition to the configuration of the second embodiment. The temperature calibration unit 105 receives the capacitance C by the capacitance sensor 12, the distance h by the displacement sensor 13, and the temperature detection value by the temperature sensor 14, respectively. The temperature calibration unit 105 calibrates the detection values of the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 based on the temperature calibration chart of the capacitance sensor 12 and the temperature calibration chart of the displacement sensor 13 stored in advance. The detected values of the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 that have been temperature calibrated in this way are input to the gas-liquid ratio determination unit 102.

Next, a gas-liquid ratio acquisition method using the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of the third embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
When the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 is operated as the rotation of the rotation shaft 50 starts, the temperature calibration step S21 and the rotation position calculation step S23 are performed in parallel.

In the temperature calibration step S21, as described above, the detected values input from the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are temperature calibrated. The capacitance C thus calibrated in this way and the detected value of the displacement sensor 13 are input to the gas-liquid ratio determining step S22, and the void ratio α is determined in the same manner as described above.
In the rotational position calculation step S23 performed in parallel with the temperature calibration step S21 and the gas-liquid ratio determination step S22, the rotational position of the measurement unit 11 is calculated by the rotational position calculation unit 103.
Thereafter, as in the second embodiment, the void ratio α and the rotational position are associated with each other by the gas / liquid ratio determining step S24 by the gas / liquid ratio determining unit 102 and output to the display unit 110.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, since the detected values of the capacitance C and the distance h are temperature calibrated, even when the lubricating oil F has a temperature change, the influence of the temperature change is reflected. Thus, the void ratio α can be obtained with high accuracy.

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. In the fourth embodiment, the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 according to the fourth embodiment further includes a rotation speed sensor 16, and the configurations of the measurement unit 11 and the arithmetic device 100 are different from those of the first embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 14, the rotation speed sensor 16 detects the rotation speed of the rotation shaft 50 as in the second embodiment.
The measurement unit 11 includes a capacitance sensor 12 and a displacement sensor 13 as in the first embodiment. The electrostatic capacity sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the rotating shaft 50. That is, the electrostatic capacity sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 detect the electrostatic capacity C or the distance h between the rotating shaft 50 and the pad surface 4 of the bearing pad 3 at different locations in the circumferential direction.

The computing device 100 further includes a rotational position computing unit 103 and a rotational position correcting unit 107 in addition to the configuration of the first embodiment.
As in the second embodiment, the rotational position calculation unit 103 calculates the rotational position of the measurement unit 11 at each time based on the detection value of the rotational speed input from the rotational speed sensor 16. Note that the rotational position calculation unit 103 of the present embodiment calculates the rotational positions of the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 that are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction.

The rotational position calculated by the rotational position calculator 103 and the detection values of the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are input to the rotational position corrector 107. Then, the rotational position correction unit 107 associates the detected values of the capacitance C and the distance h detected at the same rotational position based on the rotational position calculated by the rotational position calculation unit 103.
More specifically, as shown in FIG. 16, for example, the rotational position correction unit 107 delays the capacitance sensor 12 (time t ₂ ) with respect to the displacement sensor 13 (time t ₁ ) at an arbitrary rotational position. t ₁ −t ₂ ) is calculated based on the number of rotations, and the time delay is corrected, thereby associating the detection value of the capacitance sensor 12 and the detection value of the distance h at an arbitrary rotation position.
Then, the gas-liquid ratio determining unit 102 calculates the gas-liquid ratio from the detected values of the capacitance C and the distance h associated with each other by the rotational position correcting unit 107 as in the first embodiment, and outputs it to the display unit 110. To do.

Next, a gas-liquid ratio acquisition method using the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG.
In the present embodiment, the rotational position calculation step S31 is first performed, and the rotational positions of the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 in the measurement unit 11 at each time are calculated.
Next, the rotational position correction step S32 is performed, and the capacitance C and the distance h at the same rotational position are associated with each other based on the rotational position information calculated by the rotational position calculation step S31. That is, the detected values of the associated capacitance C and distance h indicate values at the same rotational position, that is, values corresponding to the same position on the pad surface 4 of the four bearing pads 3.
Thereafter, the void ratio α at an arbitrary rotational position is acquired from the detected capacitance C and the detected value of the distance h in the gas-liquid ratio determination step S33, and then output to the display unit 110.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, even when the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 in the measurement unit 11 are arranged apart from each other in the circumferential direction of the rotation shaft 50, the measurement unit 11 is based on the number of rotations. By correcting the displacement of the detection position, it is possible to associate the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 at the same rotational position. In other words, it is possible to grasp the value of the capacitance C and the distance h at an arbitrary rotational position. As a result, even when the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 are spaced apart from each other in the circumferential direction, the void ratio α at an arbitrary rotational position can be obtained, that is, four bearing pads. It is possible to obtain the void ratio α at an arbitrary position on the pad surface 4 of 3 with high accuracy. Furthermore, the void ratio α on the detection line L shown in FIG. 16 can be continuously detected over a whole region in the circumferential direction by a pair of sensors of the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13.

Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In the fifth embodiment, the same components as those in the first to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof is omitted.
In the first to fourth embodiments, the example of obtaining the void ratio α of the lubricating oil F between the rotating shaft 50 and the bearing pad 3 of the bearing device 81 has been described, but in this embodiment, the axis O in the steam turbine 20 is obtained. The gas-liquid ratio between the moving blade 70 (first member) and the stationary blade 60 (second member) arranged to face each other is acquired. That is, in the flow path of the steam turbine 20, in addition to the steam S, water droplets in which the steam S is condensed exist. The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 of this embodiment acquires the ratio of water droplets in the steam S between the moving blade 70 and the stationary blade 60 as the gas-liquid ratio.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, the measurement unit 11 is disposed so as to be embedded in the stationary blade 60, and the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 include the moving blade 70 that rotates relative to the stationary blade 60. Capacitance C and distance h between the stationary blade 60 and the moving blade 70 when the stationary blade 60 faces in the axis O direction are detected.
Then, based on the capacitance C thus detected and the value of the distance h, based on the relationship between the capacitance C and the gas-liquid ratio obtained in advance for each distance h, as in the first to fourth embodiments. The gas-liquid ratio can be acquired.

The embodiment of the present invention has been described above, but the present invention is not limited to this, and can be appropriately changed without departing from the technical idea of the present invention.
For example, you may comprise the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 10 which combined 1st-4th embodiment. That is, the correspondence between the rotational position and the void ratio α in the second embodiment, the temperature calibration in the third embodiment, and the positional deviation correction between the capacitance sensor 12 and the displacement sensor 13 in the fourth embodiment are performed in other ways. It may be added to the form.

  In the embodiment, an example in which the bearing device 81 is applied to a journal bearing has been described. However, the bearing device 81 may be applied to a thrust bearing. Further, the bearing device 81 may be applied to either a tilting pad bearing or a sleeve bearing.

  Furthermore, in the embodiment, the example in which the bearing device 81 using the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system is applied to the steam turbine has been described. However, the bearing device 81 may be applied to other rotating machines such as a gas turbine, a pump, and a fan. Further, the gas-liquid ratio acquisition system may be applied not only to the bearing device 81 and the steam turbine 20 but also to other machines and devices that require acquisition of the gas-liquid ratio and the void ratio α.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Bearing casing 2 Support part 3 Bearing pad 4 Pad surface 10 Gas-liquid ratio acquisition system 11 Measuring part 12 Capacitance sensor 13 Displacement sensor 14 Temperature sensor 16 Revolution sensor 20 Steam turbine 30 Turbine casing 50 Rotating shaft 60 Stator blade Two parts)
70 Rotor blade (first member)
80 Bearing 81 Journal bearing (bearing device)
82 Thrust Bearing 100 Arithmetic Unit 101 Data Storage Unit 102 Gas-Liquid Ratio Determination Unit 103 Rotation Position Calculation Unit 104 Gas-Liquid Ratio Position Determination Unit 105 Temperature Calibration Unit 107 Rotation Position Correction Unit 110 Display Unit O Axis S Steam F Lubricating Oil (Gas Liquid Two-phase flow)
h Distance C Capacitance α Void ratio

Claims (10)

A measurement having a capacitance sensor that detects a capacitance between the surfaces of the first member and the second member that are opposed to each other with a gas-liquid two-phase flow interposed therebetween, and a displacement sensor that detects a distance between the surfaces. And
A gas-liquid ratio determination unit that calculates the gas-liquid ratio in the gas-liquid two-phase flow from the detected capacitance and the distance based on the relationship between the capacitance and the gas-liquid ratio acquired in advance for each distance. An arithmetic unit having
A gas-liquid ratio acquisition system comprising: The first member is a rotor that rotates about an axis and the second member is a stator,
Both the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor are provided in the rotor,
A rotation speed sensor for detecting the rotation speed of the rotor;
The arithmetic unit is
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to claim 1, further comprising a rotation position calculation unit that calculates a rotation position of the measurement unit based on a detection value of the rotation number sensor.   The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to claim 2, wherein the capacitance sensor and the displacement sensor are arranged coaxially. The electrostatic capacity sensor and the displacement sensor are spaced apart in the circumferential direction of the rotor;
The arithmetic unit is:
Based on the rotation position calculated by the rotation position calculation unit, further includes a rotation position correction unit that associates the capacitance detected at the same rotation position with the detected value of the distance,
3. The gas-liquid ratio according to claim 2, wherein the gas-liquid ratio determination unit calculates the gas-liquid ratio from the detected capacitance value and the distance associated with each other by the rotational position correction unit. Acquisition system. The arithmetic unit is
5. The gas-liquid ratio position determining unit that associates the gas-liquid ratio calculated by the gas-liquid ratio determining unit with the rotational position calculated by the rotational position calculating unit. 5. The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to one item. A temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the gas-liquid two-phase flow;
The arithmetic unit is
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition according to any one of claims 1 to 5, further comprising a temperature calibration unit that calibrates the capacitance and the detection value of the distance based on the detection value of the temperature sensor. system. The first member;
The second member;
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
With
The first member is a rotating shaft that rotates about an axis,
The second member is a bearing pad that supports the rotating shaft,
A bearing device, wherein the gas-liquid two-phase flow is lubricating oil.   A rotary machine comprising the bearing device according to claim 7. The first member;
The second member;
The gas-liquid ratio acquisition system according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
With
The first member is a rotor blade;
A rotating machine, wherein the second member is a stationary blade. A gas-liquid ratio acquisition method for detecting a gas-liquid ratio in the gas-liquid two-phase flow between the surfaces of the first member and the second member arranged opposite to each other with a gas-liquid two-phase flow interposed therebetween,
Gas-liquid ratio determination that determines the gas-liquid ratio from the capacitance between the surfaces and the detected value of the distance between the surfaces based on the relationship between the capacitance and the gas-liquid ratio acquired in advance for each distance. Process,
A gas-liquid ratio acquisition method comprising:

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