JP6031370B2 - Brazing apparatus and brazing method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a brazing apparatus and a brazing method.

  Conventionally, there is known a brazing method in which only a brazing material is melted and poured into a joined portion without being melted, and cooled and solidified to join the joined members (patent). Reference 1).

Japanese Patent No. 4308124

  Here, as a method for achieving good brazing, there is a method for increasing the wettability of the brazing material, that is, a method for reducing the contact angle of the brazing material with respect to the member to be joined. Specifically, when the temperature of the member to be joined increases, the solid-liquid interface energy between the member to be joined and the molten brazing material (wax) decreases, the contact angle decreases, and the wettability increases.

  By the way, when a brazing material is melted by irradiating a thin brazing material with a laser, a shadow of the brazing material, that is, a portion where the laser is not irradiated (shadow portion) is formed at the bonded portion. And since the part (irradiation part) irradiated with the laser is heated, the temperature of the shadow part becomes lower than the irradiation part. In this way, a temperature difference is formed in the welded part, and as a result, a difference is formed in the contact angle and wettability. There is a risk of becoming.

  Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the brazing apparatus and brazing method which can be brazed satisfactorily.

  As a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a brazing apparatus for brazing two members to be joined, and by irradiating a preheating laser on a portion to be joined of the two members to be joined, Two or more preheating laser devices for preheating the welded portion; and a brazing material sending device for feeding the brazing material toward the preheated welded portion behind the preheating laser device in the brazing direction; A melting laser device that melts the brazing material by irradiating the brazing material delivered by the brazing material delivery device, and when the melting laser device irradiates the melting laser, The brazing apparatus is characterized in that a shadow of the brazing material is formed at a joint portion, and the two or more preheating laser apparatuses irradiate the preheating laser overlap in front of the shadow.

  According to such a configuration, since the preheating lasers irradiated by two or more preheating laser devices overlap in front of the shadow, that is, since they overlap, the overlapping part of the preheating lasers The temperature of is higher than the temperature of the non-overlapping part. When the brazing material melting laser device irradiates the brazing material sent out by the brazing material delivery device behind the preheating laser device, a shadow of the brazing material is formed on the joint portion. At this time, it is difficult for the shadow portion to be heated by the melting laser, but the shadow portion has already been heated to the non-shadow portion due to the overlap of the preheating laser. The temperature difference from the non-shadow portion is small, and the temperature is likely to be uniform in the direction (width direction) orthogonal to the brazing direction.

  Thus, since the temperature of a to-be-joined part becomes uniform, the wettability of a to-be-joined part and a brazing material tends to become uniform. Therefore, the molten brazing material is easily spread well to the joined portion, and is brazed well.

  As a means for solving the above-mentioned problem, the present invention is a brazing method for brazing two members to be joined, wherein two or more preheating laser devices are used to join the joint portions of the two members to be joined. A preheating step for preheating the welded portion by irradiating a preheating laser, and a brazing material delivered to the brazed material preheated in the preheating step is irradiated with the melting laser. A melting step for melting the material, and when the melting laser is irradiated in the melting step, a shadow of the brazing material is formed on the bonded portion, and the two or more preheating steps are performed in the preheating step. In the brazing method, the preheating laser irradiated by the laser device is overlapped in front of the shadow.

According to such a configuration, in the preheating step, the preheating laser irradiated by two or more preheating laser devices is overlapped in front of the shadow, so the temperature of the overlapped portion of the preheating laser is: It becomes higher than the temperature of the non-overlapping part.
In the melting step, when the brazing material is irradiated with the melting laser, a shadow of the brazing material is formed on the joint portion. At this time, it is difficult for the shadow portion to be heated by the melting laser, but the shadow portion has already been heated to the non-shadow portion due to the overlap of the preheating laser. The temperature difference from the non-shadow portion is small, and the temperature is likely to be uniform in the direction (width direction) orthogonal to the brazing direction.

  Thus, since the temperature of a to-be-joined part becomes uniform, the wettability of a to-be-joined part and a brazing material tends to become uniform. Therefore, the molten brazing material is easily spread well to the joined portion, and is brazed well.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a brazing apparatus and a brazing method capable of satisfactorily brazing.

It is a perspective view of the soldering apparatus concerning this embodiment. It is the X1-X1 sectional view taken on the line of FIG. It is the X2-X2 sectional view taken on the line of FIG. 2 is a graph showing a temperature distribution of a bonded portion heated by a preheating laser in the X1-X1 line cross section of FIG. 1. 2 is a graph showing a temperature distribution of a bonded portion heated by a melting laser in the X2-X2 line cross section of FIG. 1. It is a graph which shows the synthetic | combination temperature distribution by the laser for preheating, and the laser for melting.

  An embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

  The brazing apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes a joined portion P that is an overlapping portion (lap joint portion) of a metal first joined member 210 (upper plate) and a second joined member 220 (upper plate). It is a device for soldering. The first bonded member 210 and the second bonded member 220 are fixed by fixing means (not shown) such as a clamp. The joined portion may be a butt portion.

≪First member to be joined, second member to be joined≫
First, the 1st to-be-joined member 210 and the 2nd to-be-joined member 220 which are joining objects are demonstrated.
The first bonded member 210 is a part formed by pressing a plate material, and is formed in a thickness direction of the main body 211 from the outer edge of the plate-shaped main body 211 and the main body 211 (up and down direction in FIG. 2). A vertical wall portion 212 that extends and a horizontal wall portion 213 (flange portion) that extends from the lower end of the vertical wall portion 212 to the outside in the surface direction of the main body 211 are provided. Here, the valley line formed between the vertical wall portion 212 and the horizontal wall portion 213 is referred to as a reference line Q for convenience of explanation. As will be described later, a shadow S of the brazing material 110 is formed on the reference line Q (see FIG. 3).

  The second bonded member 220 has, for example, a square plate shape, and an edge portion 221 that is linear is overlapped on the horizontal wall portion 213. Therefore, the edge 222 that is the upper corner of the edge 221 is linear, and the direction along the edge 222 is the brazing direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, the brazing direction is a straight line, and in FIG. 1, the left front side of the paper is before the brazing direction and the right back side of the paper is after the brazing direction. A portion having a predetermined width centered on the edge 222 and extending in the brazing direction is the bonded portion P. However, the end surface of the second member to be bonded 220 may be a curve, and the brazing direction may be a curve. Moreover, the overlapping part of flat plates may be sufficient.

  An appropriate clearance C (for example, 3.5 to 5.0 mm, see FIG. 2) is formed between the edge portion 221 and the vertical wall portion 212, and a gap between the edge portion 221 and the lateral wall portion 213 ( The gap) is about 0.5 mm. In other words, when the edge portion 221 is too close to the vertical wall portion 212, the edge portion 221 (second bonded member 220) is formed by an R-shaped bent inner surface formed between the vertical wall portion 212 and the horizontal wall portion 213. It floats up and the gap is likely to increase.

≪Configuration of brazing equipment≫
The brazing apparatus 1 includes a first preheating laser device, a second preheating laser device, a brazing material delivery device, and a melting laser device. The first preheating laser device, the second preheating laser device, the brazing material delivery device, and the melting laser device are attached to an arm (not shown) of the welding robot, and the relative positions of the devices have a predetermined relationship. Then, the arm moves in the left front direction in FIG. 1 so that brazing progresses. The advance speed of the arm, that is, the brazing speed is, for example, 3.5 m / min.

<First Preheating Laser Device, Second Preheating Laser Device>
The first preheating laser device and the second preheating laser device are devices that preheat the bonded portion P by irradiating the bonded portion P with the preheating laser (see FIGS. 1, 2, and 4). .

  The first preheating laser device includes a first preheating head 11 (first light source) that irradiates a first preheating laser L11, and a first preheating laser generator (not shown) that generates the first preheating laser L11. And. The second preheating laser device includes a second preheating head 21 (second light source) that irradiates the second preheating laser L21, and a second preheating laser generator (not shown) that generates the second preheating laser L21. And. The diameter φ11 of the first preheating laser L11 and the diameter φ21 of the second preheating laser L21 are, for example, 2 to 3 mm.

  The first preheating head 11 and the second preheating head 21 are arranged in a cross section along line X1-X1 that is a predetermined distance D1 ahead of the melting position of the brazing material 110 in the brazing direction and orthogonal to the brazing direction. And connected to each other by an arm 61. Specifically, the first preheating head 11 is arranged so that the first preheating laser L11 mainly irradiates the lower surface of the vertical wall portion 212 from the reference line Q, and the second preheating head 21 The preheating laser L21 is disposed so as to mainly irradiate the upper surface of the lateral wall portion 213 and the upper surface of the linear edge portion 221 of the second bonded member 220 from the reference line Q (see FIG. 2).

  Further, the first preheating head 11 and the second preheating head 21 are such that the first preheating laser L11 and the second preheating laser L21 overlap (overlap) on the reference line Q, and an overlap portion R (overlap portion). ) Are formed. That is, the overlap portion R is formed in front of the shadow S described later in the brazing direction. In addition, since the overlap part R is irradiated with the laser in an overlapping manner, the temperature of the overlap part R is higher than that of other parts (see FIG. 4). That is, the overlap portion R (the height of the first preheating head 11 and the second preheating head 21, the irradiation angle, etc.) is a portion that is relatively lowered by the shadow S when the melting laser L41 is irradiated ( It is set so as to compensate for the vicinity of the reference line Q).

The overlap portion R is centered on the reference line Q in the width direction of the joined portion P, and the width direction length of the overlap portion R is larger than the width direction length of the shadow S (see FIG. 6).
It should be noted that, for the first preheating, the width direction length of the overlap portion R around the reference line Q can be changed corresponding to the width direction length of the shadow S (the thickness of the brazing material 110). The head 11 and the second preheating head 21 are preferably configured to be able to swing in the X1-X1 line cross section by a swing mechanism (not shown) including a swing shaft that is parallel to the brazing direction.

<Brazing material delivery device>
In the brazing material feeding device, the preheated welded portion P in the X2-X2 line cross section behind the X1-X1 line cross section is behind the first preheating head 11 and the second preheating head 21 in the brazing direction. This is a device for feeding the wire-shaped brazing material 110 toward the head. The diameter φ110 (see FIG. 5) of the brazing material 110 is, for example, 1.2 mm and 1.6 mm.

  The brazing material feeding device includes a cylindrical brazing material guide 31 through which the brazing material 110 is inserted, a feeding roller (not shown) that feeds the brazing material 110, a feeding motor (not shown) that rotates the feeding roller, It has. The feeding speed of the brazing material 110 is, for example, 5 m / min. The brazing material guide 31 is inclined rearward in the brazing direction. For example, the angle formed by the brazing material 110 and the lateral wall portion 213 is about 45 ° in a side view, and the brazing material 110 and the lateral wall portion 213 in a brazing direction view. Is set to about 45 °.

  Here, the feeding-side tip 111 of the brazing material 110 is set directly above the edge 222 of the second joined member 220 that is the upper plate in the vertical direction (see FIG. 3), and follows the edge 222 during brazing. Configured to do. As a result, the brazing material 110 is melted and formed, but drops onto the edge 222 and spreads in the width direction around the edge 222. Then, after the temperature of the brazing is lowered and solidified, a bead (for example, a length of 5 mm in the width direction) is formed so as to straddle the edge 222 in the width direction so as to be satisfactorily brazed.

<Laser laser for melting>
The melting laser device is an apparatus that melts the brazing filler metal 110 by irradiating the brazing filler metal 110 sent out by the brazing filler metal guide 31 with the melting laser L41 (see FIGS. 1, 3, and 5). The brazing material 110 is melted to drop by its own weight, solidify after spreading mainly in the width direction of the joined portion P, and a bead (not shown) is formed.

  The melting laser device includes a melting head 41 (third light source) that irradiates the melting laser L41, and a melting laser generator (not shown) that generates the melting laser L41. The diameter φ41 of the melting laser L41 is, for example, 2 to 3 mm.

  The melting head 41 is arranged on the X2-X2 line cross section behind the X1-X1 line cross section, and irradiates the melting laser L41 toward the fed brazing material 110 and the reference line Q at a substantially oblique angle of 45 °. (See FIG. 3). As a result, a shadow S of the brazing material 110 is formed on the reference line Q (see FIGS. 3 and 5). Since the melting laser L41 has high straightness, the width of the shadow S is substantially equal to the diameter φ110 of the brazing material 110.

  Here, since the bonded portion P is also heated by the melting laser L41, paying attention to the temperature rise by the melting laser L41, the temperature of the portion of the shadow S that is not irradiated by the melting laser L41 is that of the melting laser L41. It becomes relatively lower than the temperature of the other part irradiated (refer FIG. 5).

≪Operation and effect of brazing equipment (brazing method) ≫
The brazing method will be described together with the operation and effect of the brazing apparatus 1. The brazing method includes a preheating step for preheating the welded portion P, a melting step for melting the brazing filler metal 110, and a bead forming step for solidifying the brazing and forming beads.

<Preheating step>
The first preheating head 11 and the second preheating head 21 irradiate the bonded portion P with the first preheating laser L11 and the second preheating laser L21 to preheat the bonded portion P. At this time, the first preheating laser L11 and the second preheating laser L21 overlap at a portion including the reference line Q where the shadow S is formed in the melting step, and an overlap portion R is formed. And this overlap part R heats up rather than another part in the width direction (refer FIG. 4).

<Melting step>
While sending the brazing material 110 toward the joint P preheated in the preheating step, the brazing material 110 is irradiated with the melting laser L41 to melt the brazing material 110.

  At this time, since the shadow S of the brazing material 110 is formed on the reference line Q, the temperature rise of the shadow S portion is smaller than that of the irradiation portion of the melting laser L41 (see FIG. 5), but preheating is performed. In the step, since the temperature of the shadow S is previously raised with respect to the other parts (see FIG. 4), the temperature (synthesis temperature) of the bonded portion P becomes substantially uniform in the width direction (see FIG. 6). Thereby, the wettability of the to-be-joined part P becomes substantially uniform in the width direction.

  On the other hand, the brazing filler metal 110 is melted by irradiation with the melting laser L41, and the wax falls to the edge 222 by its own weight, and then in the width direction of the joined portion P including the shadow S having uniform wettability. Spread along.

<Bead formation step>
Thereafter, the wax spreading in the width direction is cooled and solidified to form a bead. The bead is formed so as to straddle the edge 222 in the width direction with the edge 222 as the center, and is also formed in a portion that is a shadow S. Thereby, the 1st to-be-joined member 210 and the 2nd to-be-joined member 220 are soldered favorably.

≪Modification≫
As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, For example, it can change as follows.

  In the above-described embodiment, two preheating laser devices (first preheating laser device and second preheating laser device) are provided. However, three or more preheating laser devices may be provided.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Brazing apparatus 11 1st preheating head (1st preheating laser apparatus)
21 Second preheating head (second preheating laser device)
31 Brazing material guide (brazing material feeding device)
41 Melting head (laser device for melting)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 110 Brazing material 210 1st to-be-joined member 220 2nd to-be-joined member L11 1st preheating laser L21 2nd preheating laser L41 Melting laser P To-be-joined part R Overlapping part S Shadow

Claims (2)

A brazing apparatus for brazing two members to be joined,
Two or more preheating laser devices for preheating the bonded portions by irradiating the bonded portions of the two bonded members with a preheating laser;
A brazing material delivery device for delivering a brazing material toward the pre-heated joined portion behind the preheating laser device in the brazing direction;
A melting laser device for melting the brazing material by irradiating the melting laser to the brazing material sent out by the brazing material delivery device;
With
When the melting laser device irradiates the melting laser, a shadow of the brazing material is formed on the bonded portion,
The brazing apparatus, wherein the two or more preheating laser devices irradiate the preheating laser overlap in front of the shadow. A brazing method for brazing two members to be joined,
A preheating step of preheating the bonded portion by irradiating the bonded portion of the two bonded members with a preheating laser by two or more preheating laser devices;
A melting step of melting the brazing material by irradiating a melting laser to the brazing material sent toward the joined portion preheated in the preheating step,
Including
In the melting step, when the melting laser is irradiated, a shadow of the brazing material is formed on the bonded portion,
In the preheating step, the preheating lasers irradiated by the two or more preheating laser devices are overlapped in front of the shadow.

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