JP6027067B2 - Power supply system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a technology of a power supply system that supplies power to a load.

  Conventionally, a technique for supplying electric power discharged from a storage battery to a load at the time of a power failure is known. For example, as described in Patent Document 1.

  The power supply system (power supply system) described in Patent Literature 1 includes a distribution board and a storage battery (power storage device) connected to the distribution board. With such a configuration, the power supply system can supply the power discharged from the storage battery to the distribution board at the time of a power failure and supply it to a load connected to the distribution board.

  However, since power from a commercial power source cannot be used at the time of a power failure, it is required to more appropriately supply power discharged from the storage battery to the load.

JP 2008-22650 A

  The present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and the problem to be solved is a power supply system that can more appropriately supply power discharged from a storage battery to a load at the time of a power failure. Is to provide.

  The problem to be solved by the present invention is as described above. Next, means for solving the problem will be described.

That is, according to the first aspect, the distribution board for distributing power to the load, the power from the commercial power source can be charged / discharged, and disconnected from the commercial power source at the time of a power failure in which power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source. A storage battery capable of supplying discharged power to the distribution board; and a control device for controlling charging / discharging of the storage battery, wherein the load includes an important load and the important load. A general load disposed downstream of the power distribution board, and the control device supplies the power supplied to the distribution board at a normal time other than the time of the power failure by the distribution board. Distributing power to the general load, and interrupting the flow path for distributing power to the general load at the time of the power failure, the power supplied to the distribution board is given priority over the general load. was partitioned critical load, the amount The panel includes an important circuit unit for distributing power to the important load, and a general circuit unit provided downstream of the important circuit unit for distributing power to the general load, and the control And further comprising a first switching unit capable of switching whether or not power can be distributed to the general load by controlling the device, wherein the control device switches the first switching unit to allow power distribution during the normal time, and At the time, the first switching unit is switched to disable power distribution, and the control device can supply power consumption of the important load, power consumption of the general load, and the important circuit unit during the power failure. The amount of suppliable power can be calculated, and the amount of suppliable power is surplus with respect to the amount of power consumed by the important load, and the amount of surplus power is greater than the amount of power consumed by the general load. Is also big Expediently, switches the first switching unit to be power flow, it is possible to enable distributed to the common load by the general circuit portion is supplied to the general circuit of electric power surplus from the critical circuit portion Is.

In claim 2, wherein the first switching unit is for Ru provided between the before and Symbol key circuit general circuit unit.

According to a third aspect of the present invention , a plurality of the general loads are provided, and priorities are set for each of the plurality of general loads, and the control device distributes the surplus power to the general loads. A general load whose power consumption is smaller than the surplus power amount is selected, and the surplus power can be distributed preferentially from the general loads having a higher priority among the selected general loads. is there.

According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the apparatus further includes a second switching unit capable of switching whether or not power distribution to the important load is controlled by the control device , wherein a plurality of the important loads are provided and a priority order is set for each. The control device can control the second switching unit at the time of the power failure, and can distribute power preferentially from the important loads having a high priority among the plurality of important loads. is there.

  According to a fifth aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell further includes a fuel cell capable of generating power, and the fuel cell is provided so that power can be preferentially supplied to the important circuit portion among the important circuit portion and the general circuit portion. It is.

  As effects of the present invention, the following effects can be obtained.

In the present invention , it is possible to more appropriately supply power discharged from the storage battery to the load during a power failure.

The block diagram which showed the structure of the electric power supply system which concerns on 1st embodiment of this invention. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the supply aspect of the electric power in normal time. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the supply aspect of the electric power at the time of a power failure. Similarly, the block diagram which showed the structure of the cooperation distribution board. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the distribution mode of the electric power in the normal time of a cooperation distribution board. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the distribution aspect (1st aspect) of the electric power at the time of a power failure of a cooperation distribution board. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the distribution aspect (2nd aspect) of the electric power at the time of a power failure of a cooperation distribution board. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the continuation of FIG. The block diagram which showed the structure of the electric power supply system which concerns on 2nd embodiment of this invention. The block diagram which showed the structure of the electric power supply system which concerns on 3rd embodiment of this invention. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the supply aspect of the electric power in normal time. Similarly, the schematic diagram which showed the supply aspect of the electric power at the time of a power failure. Similarly, the block diagram which showed the structure which comprised the 2nd storage battery.

  Below, the structure of the power supply system 1 which is 1st embodiment of the power supply system which concerns on this invention is demonstrated using FIG.

  The power supply system 1 is provided in a building (in this embodiment, a house), and supplies power from the commercial power source 2 and the storage battery 15 to a load. The power supply system 1 mainly includes a cooperative distribution board 11, a first power path 12, a fuel cell 13, a second power path 14, a storage battery 15, a solar battery 16, a power conditioner 17, a third power path 18, and a fourth power path 19. , A fifth power path 20, a sixth power path 21, a transformer 22, an output switching board 23, a first switch unit 24, and a control device 25.

The cooperation distribution board 11 distributes the supplied electric power to the load (distribution board). The cooperative distribution board 11 is connected to a load (such as a general load 3 described later) and can distribute power according to a request (power consumption) of the load.
A detailed description of the configuration of the cooperative distribution board 11 will be given later.

  The first power path 12 is a path for distributing power. The first power path 12 is composed of a conducting wire or the like. One end of the first power path 12 is connected to the commercial power source 2. The other end of the first power path 12 is connected to the cooperative distribution board 11.

  The fuel cell 13 is a device that generates power using a fuel such as hydrogen. The fuel cell 13 is a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). The fuel cell 13 includes a hot water storage unit (not shown) and can boil hot water in the hot water storage unit using heat generated during power generation. The fuel cell 13 includes a detection unit (not shown) that detects power supplied to the associated distribution board 11 via the first power path 12. The fuel cell 13 generates power when power cannot be detected by the detection unit (that is, when power is not supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the first power path 12 during a power failure, for example). Stopped.

  The second power path 14 is a path for distributing power. The second power path 14 is composed of a conducting wire or the like. One end of the second power path 14 is connected to the cooperative distribution board 11. The other end of the second power path 14 is connected to the fuel cell 13.

  The storage battery 15 is configured to be able to charge and discharge electric power. The storage battery 15 is composed of a lithium ion battery or the like.

  The solar cell 16 is configured to be able to generate power using sunlight. The solar cell 16 is comprised by the solar cell panel etc. which are not shown in figure. The solar cell 16 is installed in a sunny place such as on the roof of a house.

  The power conditioner 17 is a so-called hybrid power conditioner. The power conditioner 17 is configured to be able to output the electric power generated by the solar cell 16. Further, the power conditioner 17 is configured to be able to output electric power charged in the storage battery 15. The power conditioner 17 is configured to output (charge) predetermined power to the storage battery 15.

  The power conditioner 17 is configured to be able to execute a self-sustained operation mode during a power outage (emergency when the power from the commercial power supply 2 cannot be supplied) and to perform a self-sustained output (takes out power from the storage battery 15 or the solar battery 16). The self-sustained operation mode is automatically executed by the control device 25 described later (or by a manual operation by a resident of the house) when a power failure occurs.

  The third power path 18 is a path for distributing power. The third power path 18 is composed of a conducting wire or the like. One end of the third power path 18 is connected to a midway part (first contact 31) of the first power path 12. The other end of the third power path 18 is connected to the power conditioner 17.

  The fourth power path 19 is a path for distributing power. The fourth power path 19 is composed of a conducting wire or the like. One end of the fourth power path 19 is connected to the power conditioner 17. The other end of the fourth power path 19 is connected to the storage battery 15.

  The fifth power path 20 is a path for distributing power. The fifth power path 20 is composed of a conducting wire or the like. One end of the fifth power path 20 is connected to the solar cell 16. The other end of the fifth power path 20 is connected to the middle part of the fourth power path 19.

  The sixth power path 21 is a path for distributing power. The sixth power path 21 is composed of a conducting wire or the like. One end of the sixth power path 21 is connected to a transformer 22 described later. The other end of the sixth power path 21 is connected to a midway part (second contact 32) of the first power path 12. The second contact 32 is disposed closer to the cooperative distribution board 11 than the first contact 31 in the first power path 12.

  The transformer 22 transforms (boosts) the electric power (100 V) input from the power conditioner 17 to 200 V (the same voltage as the electric power from the commercial power supply 2) and outputs it. The transformer 22 is connected to the power conditioner 17 through a predetermined power path.

  The output switching board 23 mainly includes a first switch 35 and a second switch 36.

  The first switch 35 switches whether power can be distributed. The first switch 35 is disposed between the second contact 32 and the first contact 31 in the first power path 12. When the first switch 35 is turned on, power can flow through the first switch 35. Further, when the first switch 35 is switched to OFF, power cannot flow through the first switch 35.

  The second switch 36 switches whether power can be distributed. The second switch 36 is disposed in the middle of the sixth power path 21. When the second switch 36 is switched to ON, power can flow through the second switch 36. Further, when the second switch 36 is switched to OFF, power cannot flow through the second switch 36.

  In the output switching board 23, when one of the first switch 35 and the second switch 36 is switched ON, the other of the first switch 35 and the second switch 36 is switched OFF.

  The first switch unit 24 switches whether power can be distributed. The first switch unit 24 is disposed in the middle part of the third power path 18. When the first switch unit 24 is switched ON, power can flow through the first switch unit 24. Moreover, when the 1st switch part 24 is switched OFF, electric power cannot distribute | circulate the said 1st switch part 24. FIG.

  The first switch unit 24 is switched ON when the first switch 35 is switched ON and the second switch 36 is switched OFF in the output switching board 23. The first switch unit 24 is switched OFF when the first switch 35 is switched OFF and the second switch 36 is switched ON in the output switching board 23. With such a configuration, the storage battery 15 is disconnected from the commercial power source 2 when the first switch unit 24 is switched to OFF.

  The control device 25 manages information in the power supply system 1 and controls each device constituting the power supply system 1. In the present embodiment, a HEMS (Home Energy Management System) provided in a house or the like is used as the control device 25. The control device 25 is connected to each device (power converter 17, storage battery 15, solar battery 16, transformer 22, cooperation distribution board 11, output switching board 23, first switch section 24, etc.) through a network built in the house. It is connected to a power sensor or the like (not shown) to acquire information related to these operation modes and to control the operation. The operation includes switching the ON / OFF of the first switch unit 24, the first switch 35 and the second switch 36 of the output switching board 23, and the like. When a power failure occurs, the control device 25 can acquire information regarding the occurrence of the power failure.

  Below, the outline of the electric power supply aspect in the electric power supply system 1 is demonstrated using FIG.2 and FIG.3.

  First, the outline of the power supply mode in the power supply system 1 at the normal time (when no power failure occurs) will be described with reference to FIG.

  In a normal time, the first switch 35 of the output switching board 23 is switched on and the second switch 36 is switched off. Further, the first switch unit 24 is switched to ON.

  Thus, during normal times, power from the commercial power supply 2 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the first power path 12. In addition, the electric power discharged from the storage battery 15 is output from the power conditioner 17 via the fourth power path 19 and supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the third power path 18 and the first power path 12. In addition, the power generated by the solar cell 16 is output from the power conditioner 17 via the fifth power path 20 and the fourth power path 19, and the cooperative distribution board via the third power path 18 and the first power path 12. 11 is supplied. In addition, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the second power path 14.

  In normal times, power from the commercial power source 2 is supplied to the power conditioner 17 via the first power path 12 and the third power path 18, and is supplied to the storage battery 15 via the fourth power path 19 by the power conditioner 17. It may be charged (not shown).

  Next, an outline of a power supply mode in the power supply system 1 during a power failure will be described with reference to FIG.

  During a power failure, the first switch 35 of the output switching board 23 is switched OFF and the second switch 36 is switched ON. Further, the first switch unit 24 is switched off.

  In this way, at the time of a power failure, the power discharged from the storage battery 15 is output from the power conditioner 17 via the fourth power path 19, and is distributed via the transformer 22, the sixth power path 21, and the first power path 12. The electric board 11 is supplied. In addition, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the second power path 14. The power generated by the solar cell 16 is output from the power conditioner 17 via the fifth power path 20 and the fourth power path 19, and is transmitted via the transformer 22, the sixth power path 21, and the first power path 12. The coordinated distribution board 11 may be supplied.

  Below, the structure of the cooperation distribution board 11 is demonstrated in detail using FIG.

  Here, in FIG. 4, the electric power drawn into the house from the commercial power source 2 is illustrated as being supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 by a single-phase three-wire distribution system. Specifically, the first power path 12 that connects the cooperative distribution board 11 and the commercial power supply 2 includes a neutral phase and a pair of voltage phases. Further, the second power path 14 connecting the cooperative distribution board 11 and the fuel cell 13 is configured by two electric circuits.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the load is a summation of electrical appliances in the house, and refers to a load that operates by receiving power distributed from the cooperative distribution board 11. The load is classified into a general load 3 and a self-supporting load 4.

  The general load 3 is a low necessity for supplying electric power at the time of a power failure. For example, the general load 3 is assumed to be illumination of a room other than the living room of the house. On the other hand, the self-supporting load 4 has a high necessity of supplying electric power at the time of a power failure. For example, the self-supporting load 4 is assumed to be lighting in a living room of a house, a refrigerator, or the like. As shown in FIG. 4, the general load 3 is arranged downstream of the self-supporting load 4. The self-supporting load 4 is an embodiment of an important load according to the present invention.

  Note that information regarding electrical appliances provided in the house, that is, information regarding electrical appliances connected to the outlets of the rooms of the house, is stored in the control device 25 in advance.

  Thus, the cooperative distribution board 11 can distribute the supplied power to the self-supporting load 4 and the general load 3 as loads. As shown in FIG. 4, the cooperative distribution board 11 mainly includes a self-supporting circuit unit 61, a self-supporting load switch 62, a general circuit unit 63, a general load switch 64, a first switch 65, and a second switch 66. It comprises.

  The self-supporting circuit unit 61 is a branch circuit for distributing the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 to the self-supporting load 4 among the loads. The self-supporting circuit unit 61 is connected to the first power path 12 via a predetermined power path. In this way, the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the first power path 12 is first supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61. To the self-supporting circuit unit 61, self-supporting loads 4a to 4h are connected.

  Note that the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is connected to the fuel cell 13 via the second power path 14 and the like. Thus, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and can be distributed from the self-supporting loads 4 a to 4 h by the self-supporting circuit unit 61.

  The self-supporting load switch 62 is provided in a power path that connects the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and the self-supporting loads 4a to 4h. The self-supporting load switch 62 is configured to be capable of interrupting the flow of power supplied from the self-supporting circuit unit 61 to the self-supporting loads 4a to 4h. The operation of the self-supporting load switch 62 is controlled by the control device 25.

  The general circuit unit 63 is a branch circuit for distributing the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 to the general load 3 among the loads. The general circuit unit 63 is connected to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 through a predetermined power path. That is, the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the first power path 12 is supplied to the general circuit part 63 via the self-supporting circuit part 61. General loads 3 a to 3 h are connected to the general circuit unit 63.

  The general load switch 64 is provided in an electric power path connecting the general circuit unit 63 and the general loads 3a to 3h. The general load switch 64 is configured to be able to cut off the flow of electric power supplied from the general circuit unit 63 to the general loads 3a to 3h. The operation of the general load switch 64 is controlled by the control device 25.

  The first switch 65 is provided in the middle of the power path connecting the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and the first power path 12. The first switch 65 is configured to be able to cut off the distribution of power supplied to the associated distribution board 11 via the first power path 12 when an overcurrent, a leakage current, or the like is detected. The operation of the first switch 65 is controlled by the control device 25.

  The second switch 66 is provided in the middle of the power path connecting the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and the general circuit unit 63. The second switch 66 is configured to be able to cut off the flow of power supplied to the general circuit unit 63 via the self-supporting circuit unit 61. The operation of the second switch 66 is controlled by the control device 25.

  In the following, a mode of distributing power to the load in the cooperative distribution board 11 (hereinafter simply referred to as “power distribution mode”) will be described in detail.

  In the following, for convenience of explanation, when the electrical appliances as loads (self-supporting loads 4a to 4h and general loads 3a to 3h) are in a standby state (operable and not performing a specific operation) Is not supplied with power and is in a use (specific operation) state, it is assumed that power is supplied.

  First, with reference to FIG. 5, a power distribution mode in a normal state will be described.

  As shown in FIG. 5, when power from the commercial power source 2 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the first power path 12, the power is supplied to the independent circuit unit 61 via the first switch 65. Is done. Further, when the power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the second power path 14, the power is supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61. Thus, the electric power from the commercial power source 2 and the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61.

  The electric power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is distributed by the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and supplied to the self-supporting loads (the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b in this embodiment) among the self-supporting loads 4a to 4h. .

  Thus, in the normal state, the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b that are in use can be maintained in use by the power supplied from the commercial power supply 2 or the fuel cell 13.

  In addition, the power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is a request for a general load (general loads 3a to 3d in the present embodiment) that is in use among the general loads 3a to 3h connected to the general circuit unit 63 ( The power is supplied to the general circuit unit 63 via the second switch 66 according to the power consumption. Thus, the power from the commercial power source 2 and the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the general circuit unit 63 via the self-supporting circuit unit 61.

  The electric power supplied to the general circuit unit 63 is distributed by the general circuit unit 63 and supplied to the general loads 3a to 3d that are in use.

  As described above, the normal loads 3 a to 3 d that are in the use state can be maintained in the use state by the electric power supplied from the commercial power supply 2 or the fuel cell 13 via the self-supporting circuit unit 61.

  As described above, in the normal power distribution mode, all loads in use (self-supporting loads 4a and 4b and general loads 3a to 3d) are supplied by the power supplied from the commercial power source 2 or the fuel cell 13. The state of use is maintained. In this way, the resident of the house can use, for example, lighting in the living room of the house or a refrigerator (self-supporting load 4), or lighting other than the living room of the house (general load 3). .

  Next, the power distribution mode (first mode) during a power failure will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 6, when a power failure occurs, power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source 2, and the power discharged from the storage battery 15 is output from the power conditioner 17 in the self-sustained operation mode, via the first power path 12 and the like. It is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11. Further, the second switch 66 is controlled by the control device 25, and the distribution of the electric power supplied to the general circuit unit 63 through the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is interrupted.

  At the time of such a power failure, when power from the storage battery 15 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the first power path 12 or the like, the power is supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 via the first switch 65. Is done. Further, when the power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 via the second power path 14, the power is supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61. Thus, power from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61.

  The electric power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is distributed by the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and supplied to the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b that are in use.

  As described above, the self-supporting loads 4 a and 4 b that are in use can be maintained by the power supplied from the storage battery 15 or the fuel cell 13 during a power failure.

  In addition, since the electric power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is interrupted by the second switch 66, the electric load supplied to the general loads 3 a to 3 d connected to the general circuit unit 63 is also requested. Regardless, it is not supplied to the general circuit section 63. That is, the general loads 3a to 3d cannot maintain the use state, and the specific operation is stopped.

  Here, the amount of power from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 at the time of a power failure differs from the amount of power from the commercial power source 2 or the like at the normal time, and the amount that can be used is small. On the other hand, in the power supply system 1, the power consumption of the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b in use is reduced by not supplying the power from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 to the general loads 3a to 3d at the time of a power failure. It prevents you from being unable to cover.

  As described above, in the power distribution mode (first mode) at the time of a power failure, all loads (self-supporting loads 4a and 4b, and general) that are in use by the power supplied from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 are generally used. Among the loads 3a to 3d), the use state of the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b is maintained. In addition, among all the loads that have been in use, the use states of the general loads 3a to 3d are not maintained. That is, at the time of a power failure, the flow path for distributing power from the general loads 3a to 3d is cut off, so that the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 has priority over the general loads 3a to 3d. Are distributed to the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b.

  In this way, a resident of a house cannot use, for example, lighting other than the living room (general load 3 having a low necessity of supplying power) at the time of a power failure. It is possible to use a self-supporting load 4) that needs to supply That is, since lighting other than the living room of the house where the necessity for supplying electric power is low is not used, it is possible to prevent the use of the lighting and refrigerator in the living room where the necessity for supplying electric power is high.

  In the power distribution mode (first mode) at the time of a power failure, the second switch 66 is controlled by the control device 25 and the distribution of power supplied to the general circuit unit 63 is cut off. It is not limited to this configuration.

  For example, from the storage device 15 and the fuel cell 13, the controllable power amount that can be supplied from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 to the cooperative distribution board 11, the power consumption amount of the self-supporting loads 4 a and 4 b that are in use, and the general load 3 a that is in use state When calculating the power consumption of 3d and determining that the suppliable power amount is larger than the sum of the power consumption amounts of the independent loads 4a and 4b and the power consumption of the general loads 3a to 3d (that is, the suppliable power amount) In the case where it is determined that there is a surplus in the amount), the power supply to the general circuit unit 63 may not be interrupted. In this way, even when a power failure occurs, a configuration may be adopted in which distribution of power supplied to the general circuit unit 63 is not interrupted when an arbitrary condition set by a resident of the house is satisfied.

  Next, the power distribution mode (second mode) during a power failure will be described with reference to FIGS. 7 and 8.

  The second mode is different from the first mode in that the general load switch 64 is controlled by the control device 25 and the flow of power supplied from the general circuit unit 63 to the general loads 3a to 3h is cut off. is there.

  As shown in FIG. 7, the electric power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 can be distributed to the general circuit unit 63 via the second switch 66. However, power cannot flow from the general circuit unit 63 to the general loads 3a to 3d. Therefore, even if the electric power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is supplied to the general circuit unit 63, the electric power is not distributed to the general loads 3a to 3d. That is, the general loads 3a to 3d cannot maintain the use state, and the specific operation is stopped.

  In such a state, the control device 25 is the amount of power that can be supplied from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 to the cooperative distribution board 11, the power consumption of the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b that are in use, and the use state. The power consumption of each of the general loads 3a to 3d is calculated. Based on the calculated result, the control device 25 supplies power to the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b even when the power is supplied again from the general loads 3a to 3d that are in use. A general load (in this embodiment, general loads 3a and 3b) that is not hindered is selected.

  Then, as shown in FIG. 8, the control device 25 controls the general load switch 64 provided in the power path connecting the general loads 3 a and 3 b and the general circuit unit 63, and the general circuit unit 63 controls the general load switch 64. It is assumed that power can be distributed to the loads 3a and 3b.

  As a result, the power supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is supplied to the general circuit unit 63 via the second switch 66 according to the demands (power consumption) of the general loads 3 a and 3 b connected to the general circuit unit 63. To be supplied. Thus, the electric power from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the general circuit unit 63 via the self-supporting circuit unit 61. The electric power supplied to the general circuit unit 63 is distributed by the general circuit unit 63 and supplied to the general loads 3a and 3b. That is, the general loads 3a and 3b are put into use again by supplying power.

  As described above, in the power distribution mode (second mode) at the time of a power failure, all loads (self-supporting loads 4a and 4b, and general) that are in use by the power supplied from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 are generally used. Of the loads 3a to 3d), the use state of the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b is first maintained. And the use condition of the general loads 3a to 3d is once canceled among all the loads that were in use condition. Then, the general load (general loads 3a and 3b in the present embodiment) is again in a use state within a range in which the use state of the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b is not hindered. Thus, in the event of a power outage, the resident of the house must first secure the use of, for example, lighting in the living room of the house or a refrigerator (a self-supporting load 4 that is highly necessary to supply power), and lighting other than the living room in the house. (General load 3 with low necessity of supplying electric power) can be used.

  In addition, in the power distribution mode (second mode) at the time of a power failure, in the general load (in this embodiment) the supply of power to the self-supporting load (in this embodiment, the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b) is not hindered. Although the general loads 3a and 3b) are selected, the priority of the self-supporting load may be considered for the selection. In the present embodiment, the priority order can be arbitrarily set by a resident of the house.

  For example, when the total power consumption of the general loads 3a and 3b is the same as the power consumption of the general load 3c and the priority of the general load 3c is higher than that of the general loads 3a and 3b Instead of the general loads 3a and 3b (that is, the two general loads 3), the general load 3c (that is, one general load 3) is set to the use state again. Thus, in the event of a power outage, the resident of the house must first secure the use of, for example, lighting in the living room of the house or a refrigerator (general load 3 that is highly necessary to supply power), and lighting other than the living room in the house. Among (the general load 3 with a low necessity of supplying electric power), a thing with a high priority can be used. The priorities are stored in the control device 25 in advance.

  Further, the priority order may be set not only for the general loads 3a to 3h but also for the self-supporting loads 4a to 4h that are highly required to supply power.

  For example, when the self-supporting loads 4a and 4b are in use during a power failure and the priority of the self-supporting load 4a is higher than the priority of the self-supporting load 4b, the charge energy of the storage battery 15 decreases. For example, controlling the self-supporting load switch 62 provided in the power path connecting the self-supporting load 4b and the self-supporting circuit unit 61, and interrupting the flow of power supplied from the self-supporting circuit unit 61 to the self-supporting load 4b. Can do. That is, in the event of a power outage, the resident of the house, for example, uses the most important electrical appliance (self-supporting load 4) among the lighting in the living room of the house and the refrigerator (self-supporting load 4 where there is a high need to supply power). After securing first, other electrical appliances (self-supporting load 4) can be used.

As described above, in the power supply system 1 which is the first embodiment of the power supply system according to the present invention,
A cooperative distribution board 11 that distributes power to the load;
A storage battery that can charge / discharge electric power from the commercial power source 2 and can be disconnected from the commercial power source 2 at the time of a power failure in which power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source 2 and supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 15 and
A control device 25 for controlling charging and discharging of the storage battery 15;
A power supply system comprising:
The load includes a self-supporting load 4 (important load) and a general load 3 arranged on the downstream side of the self-supporting load 4.
The control device 25 includes:
In normal times other than the time of the power failure, the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 is distributed to the self-supporting load 4 and the general load 3 by the cooperative distribution board 11;
By shutting off the flow path for distributing power to the general load 3 at the time of the power failure, the power supplied to the cooperative distribution board 11 is given priority to the self-supporting load over the general load 3. 4 is distributed.

  With such a configuration, it is possible to more appropriately supply power discharged from the storage battery 15 to the load (the general load 3 and the self-supporting load 4) during a power failure.

In the power supply system 1,
The cooperative distribution board 11 is provided with a self-supporting circuit unit 61 (important circuit unit) for distributing power to the self-supporting load 4 and a downstream side of the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and supplies power to the general load 3. A general circuit unit 63 for distributing,
A second switch 66 provided between the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and the general circuit unit 63 and capable of switching the power distribution by the control of the control device 25;
The control device 25 includes:
In the normal time, the second switch 66 is switched to allow power distribution,
At the time of the power failure, the second switch 66 is switched to disable power flow.

  With such a configuration, power can be supplied to the self-supporting load 4 with priority over the general load 3.

In the power supply system 1,
The control device 25 includes:
At the time of the power failure, it is possible to calculate the power consumption of the self-supporting load 4, the power consumption of the general load 3, and the suppliable power that can be supplied to the self-supporting circuit unit 61.
When the suppliable power amount is surplus with respect to the power consumption amount of the self-supporting load 4,
The second switch 66 is switched to allow power distribution, and surplus power is supplied from the self-supporting circuit unit 61 to the general circuit unit 63 and can be distributed to the general load 3 by the general circuit unit 63. is there.

  With such a configuration, surplus power can be supplied to the general load 3.

In the power supply system 1,
A plurality of general loads 3 are provided, and priorities are set for each.
The control device 25 includes:
When the surplus power is distributed to the general load 3, the surplus power is distributed preferentially from the general load 3 having a higher priority among the plurality of general loads 3.

  With such a configuration, surplus power can be supplied to the general load 3 having a higher priority among the plurality of general loads 3.

In the power supply system 1,
A fuel cell 13 capable of generating electricity;
The fuel cell 13 includes:
Of the self-supporting circuit unit 61 and the general circuit unit 63, the self-supporting circuit unit 61 is provided so that power can be preferentially supplied.

  With such a configuration, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 13 can be more appropriately supplied to the load (the general load 3 and the self-supporting load 4).

  Below, the structure of the power supply system 101 which is 2nd embodiment of the power supply system which concerns on this invention is demonstrated using FIG.

  The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a general distribution board 81 is provided instead of the cooperative distribution board 11.

  Unlike the distribution board 11, the general distribution board 81 distributes the supplied power equally to all loads without distinguishing the self-supporting load 4 and the general load 3. With such a configuration, the power supplied to the general distribution board 81 can be supplied equally to all loads.

  In such a configuration, at the time of a power failure, the power consumption amount of the load becomes larger than the power amount supplied to the general distribution board 81, and there is a possibility that the power supply to the load is cut off. Therefore, during a power failure, the control device 25 monitors the power consumption of the load and the amount of power supplied to the general distribution board 81, and the power consumption of the load is supplied to the general distribution board 81. When it determines with becoming larger than this, it is comprised so that the result of the said determination may be alert | reported to the resident of a house.

  Below, the structure of the power supply system 201 which is 3rd embodiment of the power supply system which concerns on this invention is demonstrated using FIG.

  In the third embodiment, the difference from the first embodiment is that a distribution board having a circuit portion corresponding to the self-supporting circuit section 61 of the cooperative distribution board 11 (hereinafter referred to as “self-supporting power distribution board 91”), A distribution board (hereinafter referred to as “general distribution board 92”) having a circuit portion corresponding to the general circuit section 63 of the cooperative distribution board 11 is provided at different locations.

  The independent distribution board 91 is a distribution board (not shown) to which the independent load 4 among the loads is connected. The self-supporting distribution board 91 is connected to the other end of the first power path 12.

  The general distribution board 92 is a distribution board (not shown) to which the general load 3 among the loads is connected. The general distribution board 92 is connected to the independent distribution board 91 via an eighth power path 95 which is a path for distributing power.

  Further, the fuel cell 13 is connected between the self-sustained distribution board 91 and the general distribution board 92 in the eighth power path 95 via a ninth power path 96 that is a path for distributing power.

  The second switch unit 97 is disposed in the middle of the eighth power path 95 and closer to the general distribution board 92 than the connection part with the ninth power path 96. The second switch unit 97 switches whether power can be distributed. When the second switch unit 97 is switched to ON, power can flow through the second switch unit 97. Further, when the second switch unit 97 is switched to OFF, electric power cannot flow through the second switch unit 97.

  First, the power supply mode in the normal time of the power supply system 201 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 11, power from the commercial power supply 2, the storage battery 15, and the like is supplied to the self-sustained distribution board 91 via the first power path 12. In this way, the electric power supplied to the independent distribution board 91 is distributed by the independent distribution board 91 and supplied to the independent load 4 (not shown).

  Further, the second switch unit 97 is switched to ON during normal times. Thus, the electric power supplied to the independent distribution board 91 is supplied to the general distribution board 92 in response to a request (power consumption) of the general load 3 connected to the general distribution board 92. The electric power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the general distribution board 92 via the eighth electric power path 95. Thus, the electric power supplied to the general distribution board 92 is distributed by the general distribution board 92 and supplied to the general load 3 (not shown).

  In this way, in normal times, power from the commercial power source 2 and the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the self-supporting load 4, and for example, a living room lighting or a refrigerator (self-supporting load 4) can be used. Moreover, the electric power from the fuel cell 13, the commercial power source 2, the fuel cell 13, and the like is supplied to the general distribution board 92, and for example, lighting (general load 3) other than the living room can be used.

  Next, a power supply mode at the time of a power failure of the power supply system 201 will be described with reference to FIG.

  As shown in FIG. 12, when a power failure occurs, power cannot be supplied from the commercial power source 2, and the power discharged from the storage battery 15 is output from the power conditioner 17 in the self-sustaining operation mode, via the first power path 12 and the like. It is supplied to the self-supporting distribution board 91. Further, the second switch unit 97 is controlled by the control device 25, and the distribution of electric power to the general distribution board 92 is interrupted.

  Thus, at the time of a power failure, the electric power from the storage battery 15 is supplied to the independent distribution board 91 via the first power path 12 and the like. In addition, since the power distribution to the general distribution board 92 is blocked, all of the electric power generated by the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the self-supporting distribution board 91. In this way, the electric power supplied to the independent distribution board 91 is distributed by the independent distribution board 91 and supplied to the independent load 4 (not shown). On the other hand, since power is not supplied to the general distribution board 92, power is not supplied to the general load 3.

  As described above, in the power supply mode at the time of a power failure of the power supply system 201, the power from the storage battery 15 and the fuel cell 13 is supplied to the self-supporting load 4, and the resident of the house can, for example, A refrigerator (a self-supporting load 4 with a high need to supply power) can be used. In other words, the use of lighting other than the living room of the house where the necessity of supplying power is low (general load 3 where the need for supplying power is low) is insufficient, and the living room of the house where the necessity of supplying power is high. It can be avoided that the lighting and the refrigerator can not be used.

  As shown in FIG. 13, the power supply system 201 may include a second storage battery 115. The 2nd storage battery 115 is comprised so that charging / discharging of electric power is possible. The second storage battery 115 is composed of a lithium ion battery or the like. The second storage battery 115 is connected to the self-supporting distribution board 91 via a predetermined power path. The second storage battery 115 is in the middle of the eighth power path 95 and is connected to the general distribution board 92 side from the second switch section 97 via a predetermined power path.

  The second storage battery 115 can charge the power distributed from the independent distribution board 91. Further, the second storage battery 115 can discharge electric power and supply it to the general distribution board 92. With such a configuration, the electric power charged in the second storage battery 115 at the time of a power failure can be supplied to the general distribution board 92, and for example, lighting (general load 3) other than the living room in the house can be used.

  In the present embodiment, the power supply systems 1, 101, and 201 are provided in a house, but the power supply system according to the present invention is not limited to a house but can be used in various buildings such as stores, office buildings, and condominiums. Can be adopted.

  The control device according to the present invention is not limited to a HEMS provided in a house or the like. For example, a control unit such as a home server (not shown), a switch unit, a control unit for the storage battery 15, or a control for the fuel cell 13. It may be composed of parts or the like.

  The fuel cell according to the present invention is not limited to the fuel cell 13 (SOFC), and various types of fuel cells such as PEFC (solid polymer fuel cell) can be used.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Electric power supply system 3 General load 4 Independent load 11 Cooperation distribution board 25 Control apparatus

Claims (5)

A distribution board that distributes power to the load;
A storage battery capable of charging / discharging electric power from a commercial power supply, disconnected from the commercial power supply at the time of a power failure in which power cannot be supplied from the commercial power supply, and capable of supplying the discharged power to the distribution board;
A control device for controlling charging and discharging of the storage battery;
A power supply system comprising:
The load includes an important load and a general load arranged downstream of the important load.
The control device includes:
In a normal time other than the time of the power failure, the power supplied to the distribution board is distributed to the important load and the general load by the distribution board,
In the event of a power failure, the power supplied to the distribution board is preferentially distributed to the important load over the general load by blocking the flow path for distributing power to the general load. ,
The distribution board includes an important circuit unit for distributing electric power to the important load, and a general circuit unit provided downstream of the important circuit unit for distributing electric power to the general load. ,
Further comprising a first switching unit capable of switching the power distribution to the general load under the control of the control device;
The controller is
In the normal time, the first switching unit is switched to allow power distribution,
At the time of the power failure, the first switching unit is switched to disable power distribution,
The controller is
At the time of the power failure, it is possible to calculate the power consumption amount of the important load, the power consumption amount of the general load, and the suppliable power amount that can be supplied to the important circuit unit,
When the suppliable power amount is surplus with respect to the power consumption amount of the important load, and the surplus power amount is larger than the power consumption amount of the general load,
The first switching unit can be switched to allow power distribution, and surplus power can be supplied from the important circuit unit to the general circuit unit and can be distributed to the general load by the general circuit unit.
A power supply system characterized by that. Wherein the first switching unit, Ru provided between the front Symbol key circuit section and the general circuit portion,
The power supply system according to claim 1. A plurality of the general loads are provided, and a priority order is set for each.
The controller is
When distributing the surplus power to the general load, a general load whose power consumption is smaller than the surplus power is selected from among the plurality of general loads, and the priority among the selected general loads is The surplus power can be distributed preferentially from a high general load.
Power supply system according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that. Further comprising a second switching unit capable of switching the power distribution to the important load under the control of the control device;
A plurality of the important loads are provided, and a priority order is set for each.
The controller is
At the time of the power failure, the second switching unit is controlled, and power can be distributed preferentially from important loads having a high priority among the plurality of important loads.
The power supply system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein A fuel cell capable of generating electricity;
The fuel cell
Among the important circuit portion and the general circuit portion, provided to be able to supply power preferentially to the important circuit portion,
Power supply system according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that.

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