JP6025645B2 - Anomaly detection method for cold forming dies - Google Patents
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Description
本発明は、薄板を被加工材としてプレス成形品を冷間成形する金型に関し、この金型に発生する異常を検出する方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a mold for cold-forming a press-formed product using a thin plate as a workpiece, and to a method for detecting an abnormality occurring in the mold.
一般に、薄板を被加工材としてプレス成形品を冷間成形するに際しては、常温下で金型によるプレス加工を行い、成形品を製造することとなる。係る冷間成形用の金型においては、金型表面の摩耗防止、金型への被加工材の凝着防止など様々な目的で皮膜が形成されている。しかしながら、プレス成形を繰り返し行った場合、金型の表面に予め成膜された表面皮膜が剥離するなどの金型の異常が発生することがある。 In general, when a press molded product is cold-formed using a thin plate as a work material, the molded product is manufactured by pressing with a mold at room temperature. In such a cold forming mold, a film is formed for various purposes such as prevention of wear on the mold surface and prevention of adhesion of a workpiece to the mold. However, when press molding is repeated, abnormalities in the mold, such as peeling of a surface film previously formed on the surface of the mold, may occur.
皮膜剥離が発生した金型によりプレス成形を行うと、プレス成形中にかじり等が発生したりして金型が傷んだり、最悪は所望とするプレス成形品が製造できないといった不都合が生じることになる。
そこで、金型に形成された皮膜の剥離、すなわち金型の異常を検出するために有益と思われる技術が特許文献１として開示されている。
When press molding is performed using a mold with film peeling, galling or the like may occur during press molding, or the mold may be damaged, and in the worst case, a desired press molded product cannot be manufactured. .
Therefore, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique that seems to be useful for detecting the peeling of a film formed on a mold, that is, an abnormality of the mold.
特許文献１は、ポンチとダイの相対的な移動によって薄板をプレス成形する際に、前記ポンチ及び前記ダイの少なくとも１つ以上を測定対象金型とする、プレス金型装置の異常を検知する方法であって、前記測定対象金型の内部に設置された歪測定手段によって測定される、プレス成形に応じて前記測定対象金型の内部に生ずる弾性歪が所定の範囲を超えたとき、または所定の範囲を下回ったときに、前記測定対象金型の異常と判定する金型装置の異常検知方法を開示する。 Patent Document 1 discloses a method of detecting an abnormality in a press mold apparatus in which at least one of the punch and the die is a measurement target mold when a thin plate is press-molded by relative movement of the punch and the die. When the elastic strain generated in the measurement target mold in response to press molding is measured by a strain measurement means installed in the measurement target mold exceeds a predetermined range, or Disclosed is a method for detecting an abnormality in a mold apparatus that determines that the measurement target mold is abnormal when the value falls below the range.
特許文献１に開示された技術は、金型異常の原因を摩擦力による被膜の磨耗のみに限定して損傷を検出する技術となっている。
しかしながら、金型の損傷には、摩擦現象を原因とするものだけでなく、金型の母材軟化による母材と被膜の変形量の違いによる皮膜損傷プロセスも存在する。現実のプレス成形においては、係る変形量の違いに起因する皮膜剥離が多く発生することがわかっており特許文献１の技術では、上記プロセスによる型損傷（金型異常）を検出できない。
The technique disclosed in Patent Document 1 is a technique for detecting damage by limiting the cause of mold abnormality to only abrasion of a coating film due to frictional force.
However, damage to the mold is not only caused by a friction phenomenon, but also includes a film damage process due to a difference in deformation amount between the base material and the film due to softening of the base material of the mold. In actual press molding, it is known that a lot of film peeling occurs due to the difference in the deformation amount, and the technique of Patent Document 1 cannot detect mold damage (mold abnormality) due to the above process.
また、特許文献１の技術を実施する為には、金型内部の適正箇所に歪み測定手段を設置するという特殊な工程が必要となる為、コストや装置的な制約の観点からも、実施に向けては問題があると思われる。
本発明は、上述の問題に鑑みてなされたものであり、金型に特殊な加工を施さず簡便な手法により、金型の表面に形成された皮膜の隔離状況を検出する方法を提供することを目的とする。
Moreover, in order to implement the technique of patent document 1, since the special process of installing a distortion measuring means in the appropriate location inside a metal mold | die is required, it is also implementation from a viewpoint of cost or an apparatus restriction. There seems to be a problem.
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and provides a method for detecting the isolation state of a film formed on the surface of a mold by a simple method without performing special processing on the mold. With the goal.
上記課題を解決するため、本発明では以下の技術的手段を講じている。
即ち、本発明の金型の異常検出方法は、表面に皮膜が形成された金型であって冷間でプレス成形し成形品を製造する前記金型の異常を検出する方法であって、前記金型でプレス成形されて温度上昇した成形品の放熱に伴う温度低下履歴を予め求めておくと共に、求めた温度低下履歴を用いて、成形品の温度から金型の母材が軟化する温度を特定しておき、前記金型から取り出されて所定時間経過した後の成形品の温度が、前記特定した温度以上となった際に、前記金型に異常が発生したと判定することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following technical means.
That is, the mold abnormality detection method of the present invention is a mold in which a film is formed on the surface, and is a method for detecting an abnormality of the mold for producing a molded product by press molding in the cold, In addition to obtaining in advance the temperature decrease history associated with heat dissipation of the molded product that has been press-molded by the mold, the temperature at which the mold base material softens from the temperature of the molded product using the calculated temperature decrease history. In particular, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the mold when the temperature of the molded product after being taken out from the mold and a predetermined time has passed becomes equal to or higher than the specified temperature. To do.
また、本発明の他の金型の異常検出方法は、表面に皮膜が形成された金型であって冷間でプレス成形し成形品を製造する前記金型の異常を検出する方法であって、前記金型でプレス成形されて温度上昇した成形品の放熱に伴う温度低下履歴を予め求めておき、前記金
型から取り出されて所定時間経過した後の成形品の温度と、前記温度低下履歴とを基に、プレス成形時の金型の温度を推定し、推定したプレス成形時の金型の温度が所定の閾値以上となった際に、前記金型に異常が発生したと判定することを特徴とする。
In addition, another mold abnormality detection method of the present invention is a mold having a film formed on the surface thereof, and is a method for detecting an abnormality of the mold for producing a molded product by cold pressing. The temperature decrease history associated with heat dissipation of the molded product that has been press-molded by the mold and increased in temperature is obtained in advance, and the temperature of the molded product after the predetermined time has elapsed after being taken out from the mold, and the temperature decrease history Based on the above, the temperature of the mold at the time of press molding is estimated, and when the estimated temperature of the mold at the time of press molding exceeds a predetermined threshold, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the mold. It is characterized by.
なお、前記金型の異常は、金型の表面に形成された皮膜の剥離である。 The abnormality of the mold is peeling of a film formed on the surface of the mold.
本発明の金型の異常検出方法を用いることで、金型に特殊な加工を施さず簡便な手法により、金型の表面に形成された皮膜の隔離を検出することができる。 By using the mold abnormality detection method of the present invention, it is possible to detect the separation of the film formed on the surface of the mold by a simple method without applying special processing to the mold.
以下、本発明に係る金型の異常検出方法について、図を基に説明する。
図１は、プレス元材Ｗ（被加工材）をプレス成形して成形品Ｓを製作するプレス装置１を示したものである。このプレス装置１は、プレス元材Ｗを冷間でプレス成形して所望する形状のプレス成形品Ｓを製造するための金型２を有している。
金型２は、下金型２ａと、この下金型２ａに向かって下方へ移動し下金型２ａに嵌り込むことで、所望する形状を有したプレス成形品Ｓを製造する上金型２ｂを有している。上金型２ｂは図示しない圧下手段により、所定の圧下速度、圧下荷重で下金型２ａに嵌り込むようになっている。金型２の表面（下金型２ａの上面、上金型２ｂの下面）には、金型２表面の摩耗防止、金型２への被加工材の凝着防止など様々な目的で皮膜が形成されている。例えば、金型２には、ＰＶＤ処理などによりＴｉＣ（チタンカーバイト）などの表面皮膜が形成されている。
Hereinafter, the abnormality detection method of the metal mold | die which concerns on this invention is demonstrated based on figures.
FIG. 1 shows a press apparatus 1 for producing a molded product S by press-molding a press base material W (material to be processed). This press apparatus 1 has a mold 2 for manufacturing a press-formed product S having a desired shape by press-forming the press base material W in the cold state.
The mold 2 is a lower mold 2a and an upper mold 2b for manufacturing a press-formed product S having a desired shape by moving downward toward the lower mold 2a and fitting into the lower mold 2a. have. The upper mold 2b is fitted into the lower mold 2a at a predetermined reduction speed and a reduction load by a reduction means (not shown). The surface of the mold 2 (the upper surface of the lower mold 2a, the lower surface of the upper mold 2b) is coated with a film for various purposes such as preventing wear of the surface of the mold 2 and preventing adhesion of the workpiece to the mold 2. Is formed. For example, a surface film such as TiC (titanium carbide) is formed on the mold 2 by PVD treatment or the like.
プレス元材Ｗは、鋼、アルミ、チタンなどからなる薄板であって、例えば、３〜４ｍｍ以下の板厚を有している。
上記した金型２を用いて、所望とするプレス成形品Ｓを作る際に、数千〜数万回のプレスを行うと、金型２の表面（上金型２ｂであれば下金型２ａと嵌合する面、下金型２ａであれば上金型２ｂと嵌合する面）において、金型２の表面に形成された表面皮膜が剥離するといった不都合（以降、金型２の異常と呼ぶこともある）が発生するようになる。係る現象は、プレスが進むにつれて、金型２の温度が上昇することで金型２の母材が軟化し、母材と皮膜との熱膨張率との差により、金型２の表面皮膜が剥がれたり浮き上がったりすることに起因すると考えられる。
The press base material W is a thin plate made of steel, aluminum, titanium, or the like, and has a thickness of 3 to 4 mm or less, for example.
When the desired press-molded product S is made using the above-described mold 2, when the press is performed several thousand to several tens of thousands of times, the surface of the mold 2 (the lower mold 2 a if the upper mold 2 b is used). The surface film formed on the surface of the mold 2 is peeled off on the surface mated with the upper mold 2b in the case of the lower mold 2a (hereinafter referred to as abnormality of the mold 2). (Sometimes called). Such a phenomenon is that as the press proceeds, the temperature of the mold 2 rises so that the base material of the mold 2 is softened, and the surface film of the mold 2 is caused by the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the base material and the film. It is thought to be caused by peeling or floating.
このような皮膜剥離が頻発した場合、金型２が傷んだり、最悪は所望とするプレス成形品Ｓが製造できないといった不都合が生じることになる。そこで、金型２における皮膜剥離を正確に推定、検出することができれば、係る不都合を確実に検出し、金型２の交換などの対策を施すことが可能となる。
上記の状況を鑑み、本発明は、金型２の異常を簡易に且つ正確に検出する検出方法を提供するものである。
When such film peeling frequently occurs, the mold 2 is damaged, or in the worst case, the desired press-formed product S cannot be manufactured. Therefore, if the film peeling in the mold 2 can be accurately estimated and detected, such inconvenience can be reliably detected and measures such as replacement of the mold 2 can be taken.
In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a detection method for detecting an abnormality of the mold 2 easily and accurately.
本発明の金型２の異常検出方法は、まず、金型２でプレス成形されて温度上昇した成形品Ｓの放熱に伴う温度低下履歴を予め求めておき、その後、図１で示すようなプレス装置１の金型２から取り出されて所定時間経過した後の成形品Ｓの温度と、求めた温度低下履歴とを基に、プレス成形時の金型２の温度を推定し、推定したプレス成形時の金型２の温度が所定の閾値以上となった際に、金型２に異常が発生したと判定するといった考えに立脚するものである。 In the method for detecting an abnormality of the mold 2 of the present invention, first, a temperature decrease history associated with heat radiation of the molded product S which has been press-molded by the mold 2 and the temperature has increased is obtained in advance, and then a press as shown in FIG. The temperature of the mold 2 during press molding is estimated based on the temperature of the molded product S taken out from the mold 2 of the apparatus 1 after a predetermined time has elapsed and the obtained temperature decrease history, and the estimated press molding is performed. This is based on the idea of determining that an abnormality has occurred in the mold 2 when the temperature of the mold 2 at that time becomes equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value.
まず、図２に示すように、プレス元材Ｗを深絞りする状況を考え、プレス元材Ｗの一部にしごき曲げが発生する状況を考える。
その際、プレス成形された成形品Ｓに関し、成形後の放熱の状況を考え、成形品Ｓの温度低下履歴を数値解析にて算出する。数値解析は、熱伝導方程式などから構成されたシミュレーションモデル（当業者常法の数値モデル）を用いるとよい。また、成形品Ｓを実際に加熱、放熱する試験を行うことで、温度低下履歴を作成してもよい。いずれにしろ、プレス元材Ｗと金型２との接触部位の温度低下履歴を求めることが重要である。図４には、数値解析で求められた温度低下履歴の一例が示されている。
First, as shown in FIG. 2, a situation in which the press base material W is deep-drawn is considered, and a situation in which iron bending occurs in a part of the press base material W is considered.
At that time, regarding the press-molded molded product S, the state of heat dissipation after molding is considered, and the temperature decrease history of the molded product S is calculated by numerical analysis. For the numerical analysis, it is preferable to use a simulation model (numerical model commonly used by those skilled in the art) configured from a heat conduction equation or the like. Moreover, you may create a temperature fall log | history by performing the test which actually heats and heat-radiates the molded article S. FIG. In any case, it is important to obtain the temperature decrease history of the contact portion between the press base material W and the mold 2. FIG. 4 shows an example of a temperature decrease history obtained by numerical analysis.
図４から明らかなように、例えば、成形品Ｓのある部分（例えば、内側壁中央であって、金型２に接する部分）は、プレス成形終了直前には、６００℃の温度であり、その後、金型２から取り出され、１秒後に約２５０℃、８秒後には７５℃になる。
その後、図３のＳ２において、図４を基に、成形品Ｓの所定時間後の温度から、金型２の母材が軟化する温度（言い換えれば、皮膜剥離が起こる温度）を特定する。例えば、金型２の母材が６００℃の温度で軟化する際には、プレス成形後の成形品Ｓに関し「８秒後において７５℃」が特定された温度（特定温度）となる。
As is clear from FIG. 4, for example, a certain part of the molded product S (for example, the center of the inner wall and the part in contact with the mold 2) has a temperature of 600 ° C. immediately before the end of press molding, and thereafter Then, it is taken out from the mold 2 and becomes about 250 ° C. after 1 second and 75 ° C. after 8 seconds.
Thereafter, in S2 of FIG. 3, the temperature at which the base material of the mold 2 softens (in other words, the temperature at which film peeling occurs) is specified from the temperature after a predetermined time of the molded product S based on FIG. For example, when the base material of the mold 2 is softened at a temperature of 600 ° C., “75 ° C. in 8 seconds” is specified for the molded product S after press molding (specific temperature).
その後、プレス装置１を用いてプレス成形を進め、成形品Ｓの温度（例えば、成形品Ｓの側壁の中央部の温度）を計測する。計測にあたっては、熱電対などの接触式の温度計を用いてもよいし、赤外線放射温度計のような非接触の温度計を用いてもよい（図３のＳ３）。
その後、図３のＳ４の如く、成形品Ｓの温度が特定温度（例えば、８秒後において７５℃）以上となった場合、例えば、８秒後に９０℃である際には、金型２の母材が６００℃を大きく上回っており、母材の軟化が懸念され、皮膜剥離の可能性が大きい状況となると推定できる。
Then, press molding is advanced using the press apparatus 1, and the temperature of the molded product S (for example, the temperature of the center part of the side wall of the molded product S) is measured. In measurement, a contact-type thermometer such as a thermocouple may be used, or a non-contact thermometer such as an infrared radiation thermometer may be used (S3 in FIG. 3).
After that, as shown in S4 in FIG. 3, when the temperature of the molded product S becomes equal to or higher than a specific temperature (for example, 75 ° C. after 8 seconds), for example, when the temperature is 90 ° C. after 8 seconds, Since the base material greatly exceeds 600 ° C., there is a concern about softening of the base material, and it can be estimated that there is a high possibility of film peeling.
図６は、この状況を示したものであり、プレス装置１での圧延回数が横軸とされ、縦軸が成形品Ｓの測定温度（プレス後８秒の温度）を示している。この図から明らかなように、プレス回数が進むにつれて、成形品Ｓの温度上昇が顕著となる。これは、プレス回数が増えるにしたがって、金型２の温度が上昇することを意味している。図６では、約８００回のプレス時に成形品Ｓの温度が７５℃を超えるようになり、係る状況下では、図４に示すように、金型２の温度が６００℃であり、金型２の母材軟化が懸念される。 FIG. 6 shows this situation. The horizontal axis represents the number of rollings performed in the press apparatus 1, and the vertical axis represents the measured temperature of the molded product S (temperature of 8 seconds after pressing). As is clear from this figure, as the number of presses progresses, the temperature rise of the molded product S becomes significant. This means that the temperature of the mold 2 increases as the number of presses increases. In FIG. 6, the temperature of the molded product S exceeds 75 ° C. during about 800 presses. Under such circumstances, the temperature of the mold 2 is 600 ° C. as shown in FIG. There is concern about the softening of the base metal.
そのため、図６の状況下では、８００回でのプレス後は、一旦生産を止め、金型２の表面の損傷を確認したり、金型２を交換したり、金型２の冷却を行うことで、母材温度の低下を図るようにし、皮膜剥離を確実に防止するようにすることができる。
以上述べたように、表面に皮膜が形成された金型２であって冷間でプレス成形し成形品Ｓを製造する金型２の異常を検出する方法であって、金型２でプレス成形されて温度上昇した成形品Ｓの放熱に伴う温度低下履歴を予め求めておくと共に、求めた温度低下履歴を用いて、成形品Ｓの温度から金型２の母材が軟化する温度を特定しておき、金型２から取り出されて所定時間経過した後の成形品Ｓの温度が、特定した温度以上となった際に、金型２に異常が発生したと判定することで、型に特殊な加工を施さず簡便な手法により、金型２の表面に形成された皮膜の隔離状況（金型２の異常）を確実に検出することができる。例えば、本発明の異常検出方法によれば、プレス装置１で連続的に成形品Ｓが生産される状況下で、成形品Ｓの温度が急激に変化した場合などを可及的速やかに発見することができ、その結果、金型２母材が軟化しているかを判定でき、適切なタイミングでの金型２表面の補修ができ、金型２の破損、製品の不具合等を回避する事ができる。
Therefore, under the situation of FIG. 6, after pressing 800 times, production is temporarily stopped, the surface of the mold 2 is confirmed to be damaged, the mold 2 is replaced, or the mold 2 is cooled. Thus, the temperature of the base material can be lowered, and the film peeling can be surely prevented.
As described above, this is a method for detecting an abnormality of the mold 2 in which a film is formed on the surface and the mold 2 is manufactured by cold press molding to produce the molded product S. In addition, the temperature decrease history associated with the heat radiation of the molded product S that has been heated is obtained in advance, and the temperature at which the base material of the mold 2 is softened is determined from the temperature of the molded product S using the calculated temperature decrease history. In addition, when the temperature of the molded product S after being taken out of the mold 2 and a predetermined time has passed becomes equal to or higher than the specified temperature, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the mold 2, thereby making the mold special It is possible to reliably detect the state of isolation of the film formed on the surface of the mold 2 (abnormality of the mold 2) by a simple method without performing any processing. For example, according to the abnormality detection method of the present invention, when the molded product S is continuously produced by the press apparatus 1, the case where the temperature of the molded product S changes rapidly is detected as quickly as possible. As a result, it can be determined whether the mold 2 base material is softened, the surface of the mold 2 can be repaired at an appropriate timing, and damage to the mold 2 and product defects can be avoided. it can.
なお、今回開示された実施形態はすべての点で例示であって制限的なものではないと考えられるべきである。特に、今回開示された実施形態において、明示的に開示されていない事項、例えば、運転条件や操業条件、各種パラメータ、構成物の寸法、重量、体積などは、当業者が通常実施する範囲を逸脱するものではなく、通常の当業者であれば、容易に想定することが可能な値を採用している。 The embodiment disclosed this time should be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. In particular, in the embodiment disclosed this time, matters that are not explicitly disclosed, for example, operating conditions and operating conditions, various parameters, dimensions, weights, volumes, and the like of a component deviate from a range that a person skilled in the art normally performs. Instead, values that can be easily assumed by those skilled in the art are employed.
１ プレス装置
２ 金型
２ａ 下金型
２ｂ 上金型
Ｓ 成形品
Ｗ プレス元材
1 Press device 2 Mold 2a Lower mold 2b Upper mold S Molded product W Press base material
Claims (3)
前記金型でプレス成形されて温度上昇した成形品の放熱に伴う温度低下履歴を予め求めておくと共に、求めた温度低下履歴を用いて、成形品の温度から金型の母材が軟化する温度を特定しておき、
前記金型から取り出されて所定時間経過した後の成形品の温度が、前記特定した温度以上となった際に、前記金型に異常が発生したと判定することを特徴とする金型の異常検出方法。 A method of detecting an abnormality in the mold in which a film is formed on the surface and the mold is manufactured by press molding in the cold,
The temperature decrease history associated with heat dissipation of the molded product that has been press-molded by the mold and increased in temperature is obtained in advance, and the temperature at which the mold base material is softened from the temperature of the molded product using the calculated temperature decrease history. Identify
A mold abnormality characterized by determining that an abnormality has occurred in the mold when the temperature of the molded product after the predetermined time has elapsed after being taken out of the mold exceeds the specified temperature Detection method.
前記金型でプレス成形されて温度上昇した成形品の放熱に伴う温度低下履歴を予め求めておき、
前記金型から取り出されて所定時間経過した後の成形品の温度と、前記温度低下履歴とを基に、プレス成形時の金型の温度を推定し、
推定したプレス成形時の金型の温度が所定の閾値以上となった際に、前記金型に異常が発生したと判定することを特徴とする金型の異常検出方法。 A method of detecting an abnormality in the mold in which a film is formed on the surface and the mold is manufactured by press molding in the cold,
Preliminarily obtaining a temperature decrease history associated with heat dissipation of a molded product that has been press-molded by the mold and the temperature has increased,
Based on the temperature of the molded product after a predetermined time has elapsed after being taken out from the mold and the temperature decrease history, the temperature of the mold during press molding is estimated,
A method for detecting an abnormality of a mold, characterized in that it is determined that an abnormality has occurred in the mold when the estimated temperature of the mold at the time of press forming becomes a predetermined threshold value or more.
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