JP6012582B2 - Winding switching type rotating electrical machine - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a winding switching type rotating electrical machine such as a permanent magnet type motor, and more particularly to a winding switching type rotating electrical machine suitable for a prime mover of an agricultural machine or an industrial machine.

  The hybrid system is being considered for use not only in passenger cars but also in vehicles for various purposes (utility vehicles, hereinafter referred to as UV) such as agricultural machinery, construction machinery, and recreational vehicles. As a motor for a hybrid system, a synchronous permanent magnet motor using a permanent magnet as a rotor is often used because of its high efficiency. Unlike series hybrid vehicles that do not use batteries, in parallel hybrid vehicles, the permanent magnet motor is used in connection with a battery system. Since the upper limit of the number of rotations of a permanent magnet motor is defined by the voltage of the battery used, it is necessary to design a motor according to the intended use. In particular, the power supply voltage has a great influence on the price of the battery and the characteristics of the motor or generator. For example, a high voltage motor can provide a high rotational speed. If the motor is a low-voltage motor, the rotational speed is low, but it can be a high torque type. Therefore, in order to switch such characteristics, motors that change the characteristics by switching windings have been proposed.

  For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a coil-switching type rotating electrical machine that can select the characteristics of a high-speed low-torque type and a low-speed high-torque type by switching the winding of a stator of a motor between series and parallel. Proposed. In Patent Document 2, three of the six windings output to the outside are connected to three windings in which Y conductive connections are made, and the other three windings are output from both ends, respectively. A configuration of a winding-switching type rotating electrical machine that outputs a conductive pin to the outside is shown. There has also been proposed an apparatus which can perform such winding switching by switching during operation (Patent Document 3).

JP-A-6-205573 JP 2011-229221 A JP 2012-227980 A

  However, in such a conventional coil switching type rotating electrical machine, a switching circuit and a switching switch for switching the winding are provided in one place. Therefore, it is necessary to lead each terminal to the switching circuit, and there is a problem that the structure becomes complicated.

  The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems, and an object thereof is to enable switching of characteristics with a simple structure.

  In order to solve this problem, a winding-switching rotating electrical machine according to the present invention is provided with a permanent magnet provided on a cylindrical outer periphery, and a rotor that is rotatably held, and a gap around the outer periphery of the rotor. A rotating electric machine comprising a stator having coil windings separated from each other, provided symmetrically on the sides of the rotating electric machine, comprising first and second terminal boxes for switching the stator coil windings, The stator winding of the stator is formed of two blocks of 180 ° units, and the first and second terminal boxes have a Y connection and a double connection of the stator windings of the two blocks. The connection is made to be either Y-connected.

  Here, the rotating electrical machine may be an IPM motor in which a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor.

  Here, the first and second terminal boxes may be provided at a boundary position between two blocks of the stator winding in units of 180 °.

  Here, the stator winding of the rotating electric machine may be either concentrated winding or distributed winding.

  According to the present invention having such a feature, since the two terminal boxes are used, the wiring line length of the coil end portion wound around the stator core can be shortened. And it can be used as a high-voltage motor or generator or a low-speed drive motor or generator by changing the connection in the terminal box and making it a series connection (Y connection). Moreover, by using parallel connection (double Y connection), it can be used as a low-pressure motor or generator, or can be used as a high-speed drive motor or generator. Therefore, the effect that the number of models of the motor itself can be reduced and switched to various applications can be obtained. For example, low-speed, high-torque motors are often used in agricultural machinery and construction machinery, and high-speed motors are often required even with low torque in UV for recreational use, and the number of models increases. According to the present invention, there is an effect that switching can be performed according to the voltage of the battery mounted on the vehicle. If the terminal box is provided at the boundary position between the blocks of the first and second coil windings, the wiring line length can be further shortened.

FIG. 1 is a front view and a sectional view of an IPM motor according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a front view of the terminal box of the IPM motor according to the present embodiment. FIG. 3 is a view showing a core and a slot of the stator of the IPM motor according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing a first example of the winding pattern of the IPM motor according to the present embodiment. FIG. 5 is a connection diagram of a terminal box and a connection diagram of a coil in the case of series connection. FIG. 6 is a connection diagram of a terminal box and a connection diagram of coils in the case of parallel connection. FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a second example of the winding pattern of the IPM motor according to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is a conceptual diagram showing a third example of the winding pattern of the IPM motor according to the present embodiment.

  Next, the rotating electrical machine according to the embodiment of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, a synchronous IPM motor 10 is formed in which a permanent magnet is embedded in a rotor. FIG. 1A is a front view thereof, and FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view thereof. As shown in these drawings, the motor 10 has a housing 11 fixed to a columnar outer periphery via a large number of bolts. A cylindrical rotor 20 is rotatably formed on the shaft 12 via a pair of bearings 13 and 14. Permanent magnets are embedded in the outer peripheral portion of the rotor 20 at regular angular intervals. A stator 30 is fixed to the housing 11 through a predetermined gap outside the rotor 20. In the stator 30, for example, 24 annular stator cores and slots between the stator cores are formed from the outer periphery toward the central axis of the rotor 20. As will be described later, three-phase coil windings are formed on each stator core.

  The IPM motor 10 according to this embodiment is provided with a first terminal box 41 and a second terminal box 42 at symmetrical positions of the housing 11 as shown in FIG. The terminal boxes 41 and 42 are connected so that the Y coil connection or the double Y connection corresponding to the desired characteristics of the battery voltage and the motor can be switched by switching the stator coil winding to either serial or parallel. belongs to. FIG. 2 shows a front view of the terminal boxes 41 and 42.

  Next, a conceptual diagram showing a pattern of the coil winding of the stator will be described. FIG. 3 shows stator slots and cores in the case of 24 slots, and FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram showing concentrated winding as an example of a winding pattern. In these drawings, numerals 1 to 24 indicate slot numbers. As shown in FIG. 4, in the U winding, coil windings are concentrated on the four stator cores between the slots 1 to 5, respectively, and both end portions thereof are designated as U1 and U2. Similarly, W winding coils are formed on the four stator cores between the slots 5 to 9, and both end portions thereof are designated as W1 and W2. Similarly, coil windings of V windings are formed on the four stator cores between the slots 9 to 13, and both ends thereof are designated as V1 and V2. Thus, the first block winding of 180 ° is formed with respect to the stator core between the slots 1 to 13. Similarly, for the stator core between the slots 13 to 24, coil windings are concentrated on the four cores between the slots 13 to 17 in the U winding, and both end portions thereof are formed. Are U3 and U4. Similarly, W winding coils are formed on the four cores of the slots 17 to 21, and both end portions thereof are designated as W3 and W4. Similarly, coil windings of V windings are formed on the four cores between the slots 21 to 24, and both ends thereof are denoted as V3 and V4. Then, as shown in the figure, terminals U1 to U4 are drawn for the U winding, V1 to V4 are drawn for the V winding, and W1 to W4 are drawn for the W winding. Thus, the second block winding of 180 ° is formed with respect to the remaining stator core between the slots 13 to 1.

  In the IPM motor 10 of the present embodiment, the terminals U1, V1, W1 and U4, W4, V4 among the terminals of the coil winding are led to the terminal box 41. The other terminals U2, V2, W2 and U3, V3, W3 are led to the terminal box 42. These terminal boxes 41 and 42 are provided symmetrically at the boundary between the first and second blocks as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3 in order to shorten the wiring line length.

  When the stator coils are connected in series, terminals U4, V4, and W4 are connected to the terminal box 41 as shown in FIG. 5A, and terminals U1, V1, and W1 are connected to an external inverter (not shown). To the power supply line UVW for supplying three-phase AC power. In the terminal box 42, terminals U2 and U3, terminals V2 and V3, and terminals W2 and W3 are connected, respectively. When the terminals are connected in this way, a series Y connection as shown in FIG. 5B is obtained.

In the method of serial Y connection, a high voltage can be supplied to the IPM motor 10, and a high-speed motor can be obtained. When driving at low speed, the drive voltage of the motor may be low. Therefore, it is possible to drive the motor in a series Y connection where the inductance is increased.
On the other hand, when used as a generator, it can be used as a high-voltage generator driven at a high voltage. In addition, when generating power by driving at a low speed, the generator can be driven as a series Y connection with high inductance.

  Next, when the stator coils are connected in parallel, as shown in FIG. 6A, terminals U1 and U4, terminals V1 and V4, terminals W1 and W4 are connected to terminal U1 in terminal box 41, and terminal U1 is connected. , V1, W1 are connected to a power supply line UVW for supplying three-phase AC power from an external inverter (not shown). In the terminal box 42, terminals U2, V2, and W2 are connected as shown in the figure, and terminals U3, V3, and W3 are connected. When the terminals are connected in this way, a parallel double Y connection is obtained as shown in FIG.

With this parallel double Y connection method, the voltage supplied to the IPM motor 10 can be lowered to provide a low-speed motor. Further, since the driving voltage required for high-speed operation becomes high, the motor can be driven at high speed with the same voltage by reducing the inductance in parallel.
On the other hand, when used as a generator, it can be driven at a low pressure and used as a low-voltage generator. In addition, when generating power by driving at high speed, the generator can be driven as a parallel double Y connection with low inductance.

  As described above, in the present embodiment, the stator winding of the motor or the generator is constituted by two large blocks of 180 ° units, and two terminal boxes are installed at remote positions. Then, by changing the connection of the windings in this terminal box, it can be connected as a Y connection or a double Y connection. In this case, the lines at both ends of the coil can be connected to the terminal box at the shortest distance to shorten the distance of the line through which the motor current flows. Further, since the terminal box is provided at symmetrical positions on both ends of the motor, the weight balance of the entire motor can be improved. By changing the connection using one type of motor, the motor can be used as a high-rotation high-rotation motor or a low-pressure low-rotation motor. Therefore, an effect is obtained that the number of models of the motor itself can be reduced so that the motor can be switched and used for various applications such as agricultural machines and leisure high-speed vehicles.

  In this embodiment, the concentrated winding is described as to how to wind the coil. However, the coil wiring may be formed by forming a winding with two blocks every 180 °, and is limited to the concentrated winding connection. It is not something. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, it may be a distributed winding in which a coil winding is formed by skipping one slot, or a coil winding may be formed every two slots as shown in FIG.

  In this embodiment, the IPM motor is described. However, the present invention can also be applied to an SPM motor in which a permanent magnet is disposed on the surface of the rotor.

  In this embodiment, the permanent magnet motor is described. However, the present invention can be applied to a generator in which the permanent magnet is arranged on the surface of the rotor.

  The present invention can be used as a motor or a generator having different characteristics even if the number of models is reduced, and can be applied to various vehicles and power generators.

10 IPM motor 11 Housing 12 Shaft 13, 14 Bearing 20 Rotor 30 Stator 41, 42 Terminal box U1, U2, U3, U4, V1, V2, V3, V4, W1, W2, W3, W4 terminal

Claims (4)

A permanent magnet provided on the outer periphery of the columnar shape, and a rotor held rotatably;
In a rotating electrical machine comprising a stator having a coil winding with a gap around the entire outer periphery of the rotor,
The first and second terminal boxes are provided symmetrically on the sides of the rotating electric machine and switch the stator coil windings,
The stator winding of the stator is formed of two blocks of 180 ° units,
The said 1st, 2nd terminal box is a coil | winding switching type rotary electric machine which connects the stator winding | coil of the said 2 blocks so that it may become either Y connection and double Y connection.   The winding switching type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1, wherein the rotating electrical machine is an IPM motor in which a permanent magnet is embedded in the rotor.   The winding switching type rotating electrical machine according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the first and second terminal boxes are provided at a boundary position between two blocks of the stator winding in units of 180 °.   The winding switching type rotating electrical machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the stator winding of the rotating electrical machine is either concentrated winding or distributed winding.

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