JP5987192B2 - Power conversion apparatus and grid interconnection system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power conversion device that converts DC power output from a solar cell, a fuel cell, or the like into AC power, and relates to a power conversion device linked to a power system and a grid interconnection system including the power conversion device. is there.

  2. Description of the Related Art Conventional power converters are widely known as so-called power conditioners that supply power from a DC power source to a power system by converting DC power output from the DC power source into AC power. This type of power conversion device is composed of a booster circuit having a switching element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) and an inverter circuit, and is connected between a DC power source such as a solar cell or a fuel cell and an electric power system. Is done. Then, by the high frequency switching of the switching element, the booster circuit boosts the DC voltage from the DC power source to a voltage at which AC power can be output, and the inverter circuit forms a predetermined AC waveform based on the boosted DC voltage. AC power can be supplied, and the grid connection between the DC power supply and the power system is performed.

  In such a power conversion device, a smoothing capacitor for smoothing the voltage boosted by the booster circuit is connected between the booster circuit and the inverter circuit. By reducing the capacity of the smoothing capacitor, The booster circuit boosts the DC voltage to form a part of the alternating current waveform (hereinafter referred to as “partial waveform”), and the remaining waveform other than the partial waveform of the alternating current waveform (hereinafter referred to as “remaining waveform”). ") Is formed by the inverter circuit stepping down the DC voltage, and the power converter as a whole outputs an AC waveform and is linked to the power system.

  For example, in the power conversion device described in Patent Document 1, a part of an AC waveform is formed by a booster circuit during a period when the input voltage from a solar cell or the like is lower than the absolute value of the system voltage, and by an inverter circuit during other periods. The remaining waveform of the AC waveform is shaped. And in such a power converter, it is not necessary to perform high-frequency switching in the inverter circuit while the booster circuit is shaping a part of the AC waveform, and while the inverter circuit is shaping the remainder of the AC waveform. Since it is not necessary to perform high-frequency switching in the booster circuit, part of the operation period of each circuit can be omitted, and conversion efficiency when converting DC power into AC power can be improved.

JP 2000-153651 A

  By the way, the power conversion device is configured to switch the grid connection with the power system in accordance with the DC voltage or the like output from the solar cell or the like, but the booster circuit as described above has one AC waveform. In the conventional power converter in which the partial waveform is formed and the inverter circuit forms the remaining waveform of the AC waveform, the output of the power converter is temporarily stopped in advance when connecting to the power system, and the power converter is operating. System interconnection can be performed from the state where there is no system interconnection switch. At that time, the DC voltage of the DC power source is directly applied to the smoothing capacitor when the power converter is not operating. Therefore, when the voltage of the DC power supply is smaller than the maximum absolute value of the system voltage of the power system, the applied voltage of the smoothing capacitor is lower than the system voltage depending on the timing linked to the power system. In such a case, an excessive inrush current may occur from the power system to the smoothing capacitor.

  Here, the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor is suppressed by detecting the voltage value of the power system (hereinafter referred to as “system voltage”), its phase, etc., and performing system interconnection at the zero cross timing of the system voltage, for example. However, since the grid connection switch has a large delay from when the control signal is input to when it is connected, the timing for performing grid connection is shifted. As a result, an inrush current may occur depending on the degree of delay of the relay switch, and it may be difficult to suppress the inrush current. When this inrush current occurs, the operation of the power conversion device is forcibly stopped due to the destruction of the element between the path between the smoothing capacitor and the power system or the operation of the protection function of the power conversion device. Problems may arise.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and is a power conversion device capable of improving power conversion efficiency, in which an inrush current to a smoothing capacitor when connected to a power system is reduced. It aims at providing the power converter device which can be suppressed.

A power converter according to the present invention includes a booster circuit that is connected in parallel to a DC power supply and boosts and outputs a DC voltage output from the DC power supply to form a partial waveform of the AC waveform, and in parallel with the booster circuit. A smoothing capacitor that smooths the output voltage that is connected and output from the booster circuit, and an inverter that shapes the remaining waveform other than the partial waveform of the AC waveform by stepping down the voltage connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor and smoothed by the smoothing capacitor The voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor in advance when the system, the switch provided between the inverter circuit and the power system, and the DC power supply and the power system are connected to a voltage higher than the system voltage of the power system. and a control circuit for controlling the boosting circuit so as to boost the control circuit, the absolute value of the higher system voltage than the DC voltage from immediately after the system interconnection is straight During the period until the voltage becomes lower than the voltage, the booster circuit boosts the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor so that it is higher than the maximum absolute value of the system voltage, and the inverter circuit applies it to the boosted smoothing capacitor. The booster circuit and the inverter circuit are controlled so as to form an AC waveform during the period based on the voltage applied .

  According to the power conversion device of the present invention, when the system connection between the DC power supply and the power system is performed, the voltage booster circuit boosts the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor in advance to a voltage higher than the absolute value of the system voltage. Inrush current to the smoothing capacitor at the time of system interconnection can be suppressed. In the power converter according to the present invention, since the booster circuit forms a partial waveform of the AC waveform and the inverter circuit forms the remaining waveform of the AC waveform, the operation period of each of the booster circuit and the inverter circuit is reduced. Since it can be omitted, the loss in each circuit can be reduced and the power conversion efficiency can be improved.

It is a circuit diagram which shows the grid connection system provided with the power converter device concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention, and an electric power grid | system. It is a timing chart which shows the operation | movement concerning Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the grid connection system and power system provided with the power converter device concerning Embodiment 2 and 3 of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the operation | movement concerning Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the operation | movement concerning Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the operation | movement concerning Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a circuit diagram which shows the grid connection system and power system provided with the power converter device concerning Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the operation | movement concerning Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a timing chart which shows the operation | movement concerning Embodiment 5 of this invention.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
First, the structure of the power converter device 60 in Embodiment 1 of this invention and the grid connection system 70 provided with the same is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing a grid interconnection system 70 including a power conversion device 60 and a power grid 6 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. In the following, the case where the power conversion device 60 according to the first embodiment is used for the solar cell 1 that is a DC power source will be described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other distributed DC such as a fuel cell is used. It is good also as using for a power supply.

  In FIG. 1, the grid interconnection system 70 includes a solar cell 1 that generates DC power and a power conversion device 60 that converts DC power into AC power, and the solar cell 1 is connected to the power grid 6. The power to be generated is supplied to the power system 6. The power converter 60 includes a booster circuit 20, a smoothing capacitor 3, an inverter circuit 40, a filter circuit 50, a system interconnection switch 7, a control circuit 8, and voltage sensors 9, 11, and 16 and current sensors 10 and 13. The AC power is output to the power system 6 by converting the DC power generated by the solar cell 1 into AC power.

  The step-up circuit 20 includes a step-up reactor 2a, a step-up diode 2b, and a step-up switching element 2c. The booster circuit 20 is connected in parallel with the solar cell 1 and can boost the DC voltage output by the solar cell 1 by the boosting switching element 2c performing high-frequency switching. Then, the booster circuit 20 shapes a partial waveform of the AC waveform by boosting the DC voltage output from the solar cell 1. In FIG. 1, a MOSFET (Metal Oxide Field Effect Effect Transistor) is used as the step-up switching element 2 c, but other switching elements such as an IGBT may be used.

  The smoothing capacitor 3 is connected in parallel to the booster circuit 20. The smoothing capacitor 3 reduces and smoothes the high frequency component generated by the high frequency switching of the boosting switching element 2c from the output voltage of the boosting circuit 20. Here, since the power converter 60 forms a partial waveform of the AC waveform by the booster circuit 20, if the capacity of the smoothing capacitor 3 is larger than necessary, the frequency component of the AC waveform from the output of the booster circuit 20, that is, the power The frequency component of 50 Hz or 60 Hz, which is the frequency of the system (hereinafter referred to as “system frequency”) is also reduced, and it becomes difficult to form a partial waveform of the AC waveform by the booster circuit 20. Therefore, the capacity of the smoothing capacitor 3 is set so as to reduce only the high frequency component generated by the high frequency switching of the step-up switching element 2c without reducing the frequency component of the system frequency.

  The inverter circuit 40 is a so-called single-phase full-bridge inverter configured by inverter switching elements 4a to 4d. The inverter circuit 40 is connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor 3, and the inverter switching elements 4 a to 4 d perform high-frequency switching, thereby stepping down and outputting the output voltage of the booster circuit 20 smoothed by the smoothing capacitor 3. can do. Then, the inverter circuit 40 steps down the smoothing capacitor voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor 3, thereby shaping the remaining waveform of the AC waveform. In FIG. 1, MOSFETs are used as the inverter switching elements 4 a to 4 d, but other switching elements such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) may be used.

  The filter circuit 50 is a so-called LC filter composed of a filter reactor 5a and a filter capacitor 5b. The filter circuit 50 is connected in parallel to the inverter circuit 40, and reduces high-frequency components generated by switching of the inverter switching elements 4a to 4d from the output of the inverter circuit 40. Similarly to the smoothing capacitor 3, the inductance value of the filter reactor 5a and the capacitance of the filter capacitor 5b may be set so that the frequency component of the system frequency is not reduced.

  The grid connection switch 7 is connected between the filter circuit 50 and the power system 6, and turns on / off the grid connection between the solar cell 1 and the power system 6 (hereinafter simply referred to as “system connection”). Do. The grid connection is performed according to the amount of power generated by the solar cell 1 and the like. For example, at night when the solar cell 1 cannot generate power, the grid connection switch 7 is turned off so that the grid connection is not performed. When the solar cell 1 is sufficiently generating power in the daytime, System interconnection is performed by turning on the switch 7.

  The control circuit 8 sends control signals S2 and S3 to the switching elements 2c, 4a, 4b, 4c, and 4d of the booster circuit 20 and the inverter circuit 40 based on the voltage and current information from each voltage sensor and each current sensor, respectively. By outputting, the booster circuit 20 and the inverter circuit 40 are controlled. Further, the system connection switch 7 is controlled by outputting a control signal S4 to the system connection switch 7. Thereby, the grid connection by the power converter device 60 becomes possible. The details of the control method by the control circuit 8 will be described later in the description of the operation of the power conversion device 60.

  The voltage sensor includes a DC power supply voltage sensor 9 that measures the DC voltage of the solar cell 1, a smoothing capacitor voltage sensor 10 that measures the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor 3, and a system that measures the system voltage of the power system 6. A voltage sensor 16 for voltage is provided. Here, each voltage means an instantaneous value. Each voltage sensor measures an instantaneous value of each voltage unless otherwise specified.

  As the current sensor, a step-up reactor current sensor 10 that measures a current flowing through the step-up reactor 2a, a filter reactor current sensor 13 that measures a current flowing through the filter reactor 5a, and an output current that is output to the power system 6 An output current sensor 15 for measuring Io is provided. For each current sensor, the instantaneous value of each current is measured unless otherwise specified.

  Next, the operation of the power conversion device 60 will be described. FIG. 2 is a timing chart showing the operation of the power conversion device 60 according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. In the following, the solar cell 1 and the power system 6 are connected to each other from a state where the solar cell 1 and the power system 6 are not connected to each other (hereinafter referred to as “non-connected state”). An operation of the power conversion device 60 when shifting to a state (hereinafter referred to as “interconnection state”) will be described. The “partial waveform of the alternating current waveform” is a partial waveform of the alternating current waveform formed by the booster circuit 20, and the “remaining waveform of the alternating current waveform” is a part of the alternating current waveform formed by the inverter circuit 40. It is a waveform other than the waveform, and the partial waveform and the remaining waveform are combined to form a waveform of one cycle of the AC waveform.

  2A is the solar cell voltage 100, FIG. 2B is the system voltage 101, FIG. 2C is the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a applied to the smoothing capacitor 3, and FIG. 2D is the output to the power system 6. The waveform of the period during which the output voltage 103 is shifted from the unconnected state to the connected state is shown. In addition, the dotted line in FIG.2 (c) has shown the solar cell voltage 100. FIG. Further, in FIG. 2, time t1 indicates the time at the moment when the non-connected state is changed to the connected state. Time t2 indicates the time when the booster circuit 20 starts shaping a part of the alternating current waveform, and time t3 indicates the time when the inverter circuit 40 starts shaping the partial waveform of the alternating current waveform. Here, it is assumed that the output of the solar cell voltage 100 is sufficiently stable and has a constant value, and the system voltage 101 is similarly sufficiently stable and has an AC waveform of a predetermined system frequency. To do. Furthermore, the solar cell voltage 100 is assumed to be a voltage lower than the maximum absolute value of the system voltage 101.

  Although not shown, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is equal to the solar cell voltage 100 when the booster circuit 20 is not operating under such conditions. Therefore, depending on the timing of grid connection, if the absolute value of the grid voltage 101 at the moment of the grid connection is higher than the solar battery voltage 100, an inrush current flows from the power grid 6 to the smoothing capacitor 3. End up. Therefore, in the present embodiment, the system interconnection is performed after the boosting circuit 20 boosts the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a so that the voltage is equal to or higher than the maximum value of the absolute value of the system voltage 101.

  In FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, first, from the control circuit 8, the inverter switching elements 4 a to 4 d and the grid connection switch 7 are turned off until time t 1 before grid connection is performed. Control signals S3 and S4 are output. Therefore, the grid connection is not made until time t1, and the output current 103 is not supplied to the power grid 6. On the other hand, the control circuit 8 controls the booster circuit 20 with the control signal S2 to boost the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a so as to be a voltage equal to or higher than the maximum value of the system voltage 101.

  More specifically, the power supply voltage sensor 9 measures the solar cell voltage 100, the system voltage sensor 16 measures the system voltage 101, and the control circuit 8 calculates and stores the maximum value from the system voltage 101 measured. Then, a required boost ratio is obtained from the measured solar cell voltage 100 and the stored maximum value of the system voltage 101, and the control signal S2 is output to the boost switching element 2c based on this boost ratio. The voltage to be boosted may be a command value for boosting a voltage obtained by adding several V to the maximum value of the system voltage 101 in consideration of an error of each voltage sensor, for example. Note that the absolute value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the voltage of the power system 6 are the same, so that the absolute value of the minimum value of the system voltage 101 is adopted instead of the maximum value of the system voltage 101. But it goes without saying that it is the same. That is, the voltage may be boosted so that the voltage is equal to or higher than the maximum absolute value of the system voltage 101.

  Thus, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is boosted to a voltage obtained by adding several V to the maximum value of the system voltage 101 by switching the boosting switching element 2c. Thereafter, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is measured by the smoothing capacitor voltage sensor 11, the measured smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is compared with the stored maximum value of the system voltage 102a, and the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is equal to or greater than the maximum value of the system voltage 101. Check that the voltage is Then, after it is confirmed that the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is equal to or higher than the maximum value of the system voltage 101, the inverter switching elements 4a to 4d are controlled to form an AC waveform based on the smoothing capacitor voltage 101. The control signal S4 is output so that the signal S3 and the grid interconnection switch 7 are turned on.

  In FIG. 2, the inverter switching elements 4 a and 4 d and the grid interconnection switch 7 are turned on at the time when the system voltage 101 at time t1 is zero crossing, but the smoothing capacitor voltage 102 a is the maximum of the system voltage 101. As long as it is confirmed that the voltage is higher than the value, timing other than zero crossing may be used. In FIG. 2, the supply of the output current 103 is started from the moment when the system voltage 101 is zero-crossed. However, in reality, the control signal S4 is input to the system interconnection switch 7 until it is turned on. Since the operation delay is about several ms, the output current 103 is supplied from the time when the system voltage 101 is later than the time of zero crossing.

  Next, since the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is sufficiently high between time t1 and time t2 after the grid connection is performed, the booster circuit 20 does not operate, and a part of the AC waveform is generated by the inverter circuit 40. Mold. The AC waveform is shaped by the inverter circuit 40 by so-called PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) control. For example, the filter reactor current If is measured by the filter reactor current sensor 13, and PWM control is performed so that the filter reactor current If has an AC waveform. On the other hand, from time t1 to time t2, the booster circuit 20 does not perform a boost operation, that is, the boost switching element 2c does not perform switching. For this reason, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a gradually decreases, but the above-described operation is continued while the inverter circuit 40 can form the AC waveform. As a result, the AC waveform output current 103 formed by the inverter circuit 40 is output to the power system 6, and the power generated by the solar cell 1 is supplied to the power system 6.

  Here, the period in which the AC waveform can be formed by the inverter circuit 40 is as follows. Since the inverter circuit 40 can step down the input voltage but cannot step up, the AC waveform can be shaped by the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a, which is the input voltage of the inverter circuit 40, to be output. It is limited to the period when the voltage is higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101. In reality, there is a voltage drop due to a dead time for preventing an element short circuit between the smoothing capacitor 3 and the electric power system 6 and an arm short circuit of the inverter circuit 40. Therefore, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a becomes the system voltage 101. The AC waveform can be shaped only during a period higher than the absolute value of the voltage by a voltage corresponding to a voltage drop such as dead time. However, when the voltage drop such as dead time is negligibly small, the AC waveform can be formed by the inverter circuit 40 until the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a becomes equal to the absolute value of the system voltage 101.

  Between time t2 and time t3, the inverter circuit 40 does not perform a switching operation, and the booster circuit 20 shapes a part of the AC waveform. The AC waveform shaping by the booster circuit 20 is performed by PWM control as in the case of the inverter circuit 40. For example, the boost reactor current Ii is measured by the boost reactor current sensor 10, and PWM control is performed so that the boost reactor current Ii has a square sine wave waveform. On the other hand, the inverter circuit 40 does not perform a switching operation. However, polarity conversion is performed based on the polarity of the system voltage 101. That is, when the system voltage 101 is positive, the inverter switching elements 4a and 4d are turned on, and the inverter switching elements 4b and 4c are turned off. When the system voltage 101 is negative, the inverter switching elements 4a and 4d are turned off, and the inverter switching elements 4b and 4c are turned on. The above-described operation is continued until the booster circuit 20 can form an AC waveform. As a result, the AC waveform output current 103 formed by the booster circuit 20 is output to the power system 6, and the power generated by the solar cell 1 is supplied to the power system 6.

  After time t3, from the relationship between the solar cell voltage 100 and the system voltage 101, the shaping of the partial waveform of the alternating current waveform by the inverter circuit 40 and the shaping of the remaining waveform of the alternating current waveform by the booster circuit 20 are repeated at any time. Just do it. Switching between AC waveform shaping by the inverter circuit 40 and AC waveform shaping by the booster circuit 20 may be performed based on the solar cell voltage 100 and the system voltage 101. Theoretically, switching may be performed at the timing at which the absolute values of the solar cell voltage 100 and the system voltage 101 become equal. In reality, however, the voltage drop of the element or the inverter between the solar cell 1 and the power system 6 It is necessary to consider a voltage drop due to dead time for preventing an arm short circuit of the circuit 40.

  Therefore, for example, a voltage command value obtained by adding a voltage corresponding to a voltage drop such as dead time to the absolute value of the system voltage 101 is compared with the solar cell 100, and an inverter circuit is used while the voltage command value is smaller than the solar cell voltage 100. 40 forms a part of the AC waveform, and while the voltage command value is larger than the solar cell voltage 100, the booster circuit 20 forms a part of the AC waveform. However, when the voltage drop such as dead time is so small that it can be ignored, the solar cell voltage 100 is simply compared with the system voltage 101, and the inverter circuit 40 has an AC waveform while the system voltage 101 is smaller than the solar cell voltage 100. As long as the system voltage 101 is higher than the solar cell voltage 100, the booster circuit 20 may form a part of the AC waveform.

  In the present embodiment, since the configuration as described above is used, the booster circuit 20 boosts the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a in advance to a voltage equal to or higher than the maximum value of the system voltage 101 before system connection. Before the system, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a becomes a voltage higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101, and the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 can be suppressed regardless of the system interconnection timing. Further, after the grid connection, the booster circuit 20 forms a partial waveform of the alternating current waveform, and the inverter circuit 40 forms the remaining waveform of the alternating current waveform, so that the operations of the booster circuit 20 and the inverter circuit 40 are partly performed. Each switching loss can be reduced. Therefore, the conversion efficiency of the power conversion device 60 can be improved, and the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 when performing grid connection can be suppressed.

  Further, in the present embodiment, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102a is set to a voltage higher than the maximum value of the system voltage 101 by several volts or more in consideration of the error of each voltage sensor before grid connection. 11 and the system voltage sensor 16 include an error even if the smoothing capacitor voltage 103 is equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101, thereby suppressing inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3. can do.

  In the present embodiment, when system interconnection is performed, the control signal S3 and the control signal S4 are simultaneously output. However, first, the control signal S4 is output to the system interconnection switch 7, and the system The control signal S3 may be output to the inverter switching elements 4a to 4d of the inverter circuit 40 after the connection switch 7 is turned on. In such a case, the grid connection is performed at the timing when the inverter switching elements 4a to 4d start switching, so that the influence of the operation delay of the grid connection switch 7 is eliminated. Furthermore, since the operation delay of the MOSFET used for the inverter switching element is generally several orders of magnitude smaller than the operation delay of the system interconnection switch 7, the system interconnection timing can be controlled with high accuracy.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
In the first embodiment, the smoothing capacitor voltage is set to a voltage equal to or higher than the maximum value of the system voltage in advance before grid connection. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and before grid connection is performed. Alternatively, the smoothing capacitor voltage may be boosted only in a part of the period in synchronization with the system voltage. Hereinafter, as a second embodiment, a case will be described in which the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b is boosted in advance only in a partial section in synchronization with the system voltage 101 before system interconnection.

  FIG. 3 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a grid interconnection system 71 including the power conversion device 61 according to the second embodiment. In FIG. 3, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 denote the same or corresponding components, and the description thereof is omitted. FIG. 4 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the second embodiment. 4, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same or corresponding elements.

  First, the configuration of the power conversion device 61 according to the second embodiment will be described. 3 is different from the power converter according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the booster circuit 21. The booster circuit 21 has a configuration in which the booster diode 2b is changed to a booster switching element 2d from the configuration of the booster circuit 20. As the step-up switching element 2d, a MOSFET is used as shown in FIG. In addition, a capacitor having a larger capacity than the smoothing capacitor 3 may be provided between the solar cell 1 and the booster circuit 21. In such a case, when the booster switching element 2d is turned on, the power Operation in the regeneration direction from the system 6 side to the large-capacity capacitor on the solar cell 1 side is possible.

  Further, in the first embodiment, the boosting switching element is turned on at the timing when the current is passed through the boosting diode 2b, and at the timing when the current is not passed through the boosting diode 2b in the first embodiment. Synchronous rectification can be performed with the switching element turned off. That is, when performing synchronous rectification, the boosting switching elements 2c and 2d are operated in pairs, and when the boosting switching element 2c is on, the boosting switching element 2d is turned off, and the boosting switching element 2c When is turned off, the boosting switching element 2d is turned on. As a result, switching elements such as MOSFETs and IGBTs generally have lower on-resistance when conducting than diodes, so that the current that has been passed through the boosting diode 2b by synchronous rectification is passed through the boosting switching element 2d. Therefore, the conduction loss generated in the booster circuit 20 can be reduced.

  Then, operation | movement of the power converter device which concerns on Embodiment 2 is demonstrated. In FIG. 4, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b is boosted in advance for a part of the period in synchronism with the system voltage 101 before the time t1 before the grid connection, and the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b is equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101. The booster circuit 21 is controlled so as to be a voltage. More specifically, the solar cell voltage 100 and the system voltage 101 are respectively measured by the power supply voltage sensor 9 and the system voltage sensor 16, and when the solar cell voltage 100 is higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101, the booster circuit 21. Control not to operate. On the other hand, when the solar cell voltage 100 is lower than the absolute value of the system voltage 101, the booster circuit 21 is operated to control the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b so that the voltage is higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101. Then, after confirming that the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b is equal to or higher than the system voltage 101, system interconnection is performed.

  However, the booster circuit 21 may boost the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b during periods other than the period when the solar cell voltage 100 is lower than the absolute value of the system voltage 102b. For example, the voltage corresponding to the voltage drop such as dead time is added to the absolute value of the system voltage 101, and the added voltage is compared with the solar cell voltage 100 in the same manner as when the AC waveform is shaped by the booster circuit 21. Thus, the voltage may be boosted only during a period when the solar cell voltage 100 is lower. Even in such a case, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b is equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101. In FIG. 3, the grid interconnection is performed at the timing of the zero cross of the grid voltage 101, but is not limited to this, and may be performed at a timing other than the zero cross.

  During the period from time t1 to time t2 after the grid connection is performed, the booster circuit 21 is not operated, and the inverter circuit 40 shapes and outputs an AC waveform. Then, this is continued until time t2 when the AC waveform can be formed by the inverter circuit 40.

  During the period from time t2 to time t3 after the system interconnection is performed, the AC circuit is shaped by the booster circuit 21, and the inverter circuit 40 performs only the polarity conversion and outputs it without performing the switching operation. This is continued until time t3 when the AC waveform can be formed by the booster circuit 20.

  After time t3, from the relationship between the solar cell voltage 100 and the system voltage 101, the shaping of the partial waveform of the alternating current waveform by the inverter circuit 40 and the shaping of the remaining waveform of the alternating current waveform by the booster circuit 21 are repeated at any time. Just do it.

  In the present embodiment, with the above configuration, the booster circuit 21 boosts the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b in advance to a voltage higher than or equal to the system voltage 101 in a certain section before synchronizing with the system voltage 101. Therefore, before the grid connection, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b becomes a voltage higher than the absolute value of the grid voltage 101, and the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 can be suppressed regardless of the timing of the grid connection. In addition, after the grid connection, the booster circuit 21 forms a partial waveform of the alternating current waveform, and the inverter waveform 40 forms the remaining waveform, so that the operations of the booster circuit 21 and the inverter circuit 40 are partially omitted. Each switching loss can be reduced. Therefore, the conversion efficiency of the power converter 61 can be improved, and the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 when performing grid connection can be suppressed.

  Further, in the present embodiment, only a part of the section in which the smoothing capacitor voltage 102b is boosted by the booster circuit 21 before grid connection is partly provided, so that switching loss in the boost circuit 21 before grid connection can be reduced. .

Embodiment 3 FIG.
In addition, in the power converter device 61 concerning Embodiment 2, although the operation | movement before grid connection was set as the different structure from the power converter device 60 concerning Embodiment 1, it is not limited to this, Other operations and It is good to do. Therefore, as the third embodiment, a case where the operation method after grid connection is different from that of the power conversion device 60 according to the first embodiment will be described.

  The circuit configuration of the power conversion device according to the third embodiment is the same as the circuit configuration of the power conversion device 61 according to the second embodiment, as shown in FIG.

  Next, the operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the third embodiment will be described. 5 and 6 are timing charts illustrating the operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the third embodiment. 5 and 6, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 indicate the same or corresponding components, and the description thereof is omitted. Here, FIG. 5E and FIG. 6E are diagrams showing the control signal 104 of the step-up switching element 2d.

  In FIG. 5, an example of operation | movement of the power converter device concerning Embodiment 3 is shown. The difference from the operation of the power conversion device 60 according to the first embodiment is that the switching operation of the step-up switching element 2d is included. Until the time t1 before the grid connection, the boosting circuit 21 boosts the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c so that the voltage is equal to or higher than the maximum value of the grid voltage 101. Then, after confirming that the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c is equal to or higher than the maximum value of the system voltage 101, system interconnection is performed at time t1. During this time, the boosting switching element 2d is turned off.

  Between the time t1 and the time t2 after the grid connection is performed, the AC waveform is formed by the inverter circuit 40. On the other hand, the booster circuit 21 does not operate, but the booster switching element 2d is turned on at time t1 and is kept in that state. Therefore, the current flowing through the booster circuit 21 flows through the MOSFET side, not the freewheeling diode connected in parallel to the MOSFET that is the boosting switching element 2d.

  In the period from time t2 to time t3 after the grid connection is performed, the AC waveform is shaped by the booster circuit 21. At this time, the boosting switching element 2c performs switching, but the boosting switching element 2d performs switching so as to form a pair with the boosting switching element 2c. That is, when the boosting switching element 2c is on, the boosting switching element 2d is turned off, and when the boosting switching element 2c is off, the boosting switching element 2d is turned on. Therefore, the current that flows through the booster circuit 21 and flows toward the smoothing capacitor 3 flows through the MOSFET side, not the freewheeling diode connected in parallel to the MOSFET that is the boosting switching element 2d.

  After time t3, the alternating current waveform shaping by the inverter circuit 40 and the alternating current waveform shaping by the booster circuit 21 may be repeatedly switched at any time. At that time, the boosting switching element 2d performs switching so as to form a pair with the boosting switching element 2c.

  By operating in this way, the booster circuit 20 boosts the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c in advance so as to be equal to or higher than the maximum value of the system voltage 101 before grid connection. The voltage is equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101, and the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 can be suppressed regardless of the system interconnection timing. Furthermore, since the current flowing through the booster circuit 21 and flowing toward the smoothing capacitor 3 flows through the lower resistance MOSFET side, not the freewheeling diode connected in parallel to the MOSFET which is the boosting switching element 2d. The conduction loss in the booster circuit 21 can be reduced, and the conversion efficiency can be improved.

  However, between time t1 and time t2 immediately after grid connection, when the boosting switching element 2d is operated so as to be paired with the boosting switching element 2c, a path for discharging from the smoothing capacitor 3 to the DC power supply 1 side. Will be generated. Since the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c is a voltage obtained by boosting the solar cell voltage 100, a current in the regeneration direction from the smoothing capacitor 3 side to the solar cell 1 side is generated, and the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c rapidly decreases. And fluctuate. Further, during this time, the inverter circuit 40 forms an alternating current waveform using the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c as the power supply voltage, and therefore, a sudden change in the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c may result in a change in the output current 103, resulting in noise in the output waveform. .

  Therefore, when it is necessary to suppress such voltage fluctuation of the smoothing capacitor voltage 102c, an operation example can be made as shown in FIG. In the operation example shown in FIG. 6, only the operation from time t1 to time t2 is changed from the operation example shown in FIG. In FIG. 6, during the period from time t1 to time t2, the AC waveform is shaped by the inverter circuit 40. At this time, the step-up switching element 2d is turned off. During this time, since a path for discharging from the smoothing capacitor 3 to the DC power supply 1 side is not generated, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102 d gradually decreases in accordance with the output current 103.

  By operating in this way, a path for discharging from the smoothing capacitor 3 to the DC power supply 1 side is not generated immediately after the grid connection, so that fluctuations in the smoothing capacitor voltage 102d can be suppressed. Further, after time t2, the current flowing through the booster circuit 21 and flowing toward the smoothing capacitor 3 is not through the freewheeling diode connected in parallel to the MOSFET that is the boosting switching element 2d, but through the lower resistance MOSFET side. Therefore, the conduction loss in the booster circuit 21 can be reduced, and the conversion efficiency can be improved. Similarly to the other embodiments, since the smoothing capacitor voltage 102d becomes a voltage equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101 before grid connection, the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 regardless of the grid connection timing. Can be suppressed.

  In FIG. 6, the boosting switching element 2d is turned off until the time t2 when the booster circuit 21 starts shaping the partial waveform of the AC waveform for the first time after grid connection, but the smoothing capacitor voltage 102d is As a result of gradually decreasing according to the output current 103, when the voltage drops to a voltage equal to the solar cell voltage 100 before time t2, the boosting switching element 2d may be turned on at that time. Even in such a case, since the smoothing capacitor voltage 102d is equal to the solar cell voltage 100, current does not flow to the solar cell 1 side, and fluctuations in the smoothing capacitor voltage 102d can be suppressed.

  Further, although a MOSFET is used as the boosting switching element 2d, other switching elements such as IGBTs may be used. However, if an IGBT is used, since the IGBT has a rectifying action when it is turned on, if the IGBT is connected in a direction in which a current flows from the smoothing capacitor 3 side to the solar cell 1 side, it is between time t1 and time t2. When the boosting switching element 2d is turned on, current can flow from the smoothing capacitor 3 side to the solar cell 1 side. In such a case, synchronous rectification cannot be performed.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
In addition, this invention is not limited to the circuit structure of the power converter device concerning Embodiment 1 thru | or 3, It is good also as making it another circuit structure. Therefore, as a fourth embodiment, a case of a circuit configuration different from that of the power conversion device according to the first to third embodiments will be described.

  First, the configuration of the power conversion device 62 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of a grid interconnection system 72 including the power conversion device 62 according to the fourth embodiment. 7, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 or FIG. 4 indicate the same or corresponding components, and the description thereof is omitted.

  In the power converter 62 according to the fourth embodiment, the circuit configuration of the power converter 61 according to the third embodiment is connected to the positive terminal of the solar cell 1 that is a DC power source and the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor 3. The switching element 17 for bypass which performs dissociation is added. The bypass switching element 17 is connected between the positive terminal of the solar cell 1 and the positive terminal of the smoothing capacitor 3. Thus, when the bypass switching element 17 is on, a path that bypasses the booster circuit 21 is generated.

  Next, the operation of the power conversion device 62 according to the fourth embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the power converter 62 according to the fourth embodiment. In FIG. 8, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 5 or 6 denote the same or corresponding components, and the description thereof is omitted. Here, FIG. 8F is a diagram showing the control signal 105 of the bypass switching element 17. In FIG. 8, a period from time t3 to time t4 is a period during which a part of the AC waveform is shaped by the inverter circuit 40, and a part of the AC waveform is shaped by the booster circuit 21 from time t4 to time t5. It is a period.

  In FIG. 8, the operation of the power converter 62 according to the fourth embodiment is different from the operation of the power converter 61 according to the third embodiment in that the operation of the bypass switching element 17 is added. The bypass switching element 17 is turned on during a period when the booster circuit 21 does not operate, and is turned off during a period when the AC waveform is shaped by the booster circuit 21. That is, it is on during the period from time t1 to time t2, the period from time t3 to time t4, and is off during the period from time t2 to time t3, and from time t4 to time t5.

  By operating in this manner, the current that has been flowing through the boosting reactor 2a and the boosting switching element 2d during the period when the boosting circuit 21 does not operate flows through the bypass switching element 17. The conduction loss in the reactor 2a can be reduced, and the conversion efficiency can be improved. Similarly to the other embodiments, since the smoothing capacitor voltage 102e becomes a voltage equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage 101 before the grid connection, the inrush current to the smoothing capacitor 3 regardless of the grid connection timing. Can be suppressed.

  Similarly to the third embodiment, since the smoothing capacitor voltage 102e is boosted from time t1 immediately after grid connection to time t2, when the switching element 17 for bypass is turned on, the smoothing capacitor 3 Since a path for discharging to the solar cell 1 is generated, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102e changes rapidly. Therefore, when it is necessary to suppress the voltage fluctuation of the smoothing capacitor voltage 102e, the voltage fluctuation can be suppressed by turning off the bypass switching element 17 from the time t1 to the time t2.

Embodiment 5 FIG.
In the power converters according to the first to fourth embodiments of the present invention, immediately after the grid connection, the booster circuit 20 (or 21) forms a partial waveform of the AC waveform, and the inverter circuit 40 has the AC waveform. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other operation methods may be used. Therefore, as the fifth embodiment, a case of an operation method different from that of the power conversion device according to the first to fourth embodiments will be described.

  The circuit configuration of the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment is the same as the circuit configuration of the power conversion device according to the first embodiment, but may be the circuit configuration of another embodiment.

  Subsequently, only the operation method of the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment will be described. FIG. 9 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the power conversion apparatus according to the fifth embodiment. 9, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same or corresponding components, and the description thereof is omitted. In FIG. 9, a time t6 indicates a time after one cycle of the system voltage 101 has elapsed from the time t1. The circuit configuration of the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment is the same as that of the power conversion device 60 according to the first embodiment. However, the circuit configuration may be the same as the circuit configuration of the power conversion device 61 according to the third embodiment or the power conversion device 62 according to the fourth embodiment.

  In the power conversion device according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIG. 9, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f is supplied to the system voltage 101 by the booster circuit 20 between time t1 and t6 immediately after grid connection, as in the time t1. Continue boosting to a voltage above the maximum value. During this time, the inverter circuit 40 performs AC waveform shaping based on the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f. Then, after time t6 after one cycle of the system voltage 101, as in the other embodiments, the booster circuit 20 forms a partial waveform of the AC waveform, and the inverter circuit 40 generates the remaining waveform of the AC waveform. Mold.

  By operating in this way, at time t1 when grid connection is performed, it is not necessary to simultaneously perform a change in which the grid connection switch 7 is turned on and a change in the control operation of the booster circuit 20. There is no need to take into account the difference between the operation timing of the system switch 7 and the timing of changing the control of the booster circuit 20. As a result, a stable control operation can be ensured when shifting from the non-system interconnection state to the system interconnection state.

  In FIG. 9, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f is boosted by the booster circuit 20 from time t1 after grid connection to time t6 after one cycle of the system voltage 101, but several cycles have elapsed since time t1. It may be performed until any later timing, or may be performed before one cycle elapses, for example, after a half cycle elapses. That is, the boosting of the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f by the booster circuit 20 may be continued from time t1 until a certain period has elapsed.

  As another example of the fixed period, for example, a period from when the grid connection is made to when the grid voltage 101 first reaches the zero cross or near the zero cross regardless of the output start timing of the AC waveform can be used. With such a configuration, the timing at which the booster circuit 20 switches from the operation for controlling the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f to a voltage equal to or higher than the maximum value of the absolute value of the system voltage 101 to the control for generating an AC waveform is near zero crossing. Therefore, the inverter circuit 40 generates a current waveform, and the booster circuit 20 does not need to operate at this timing. As a result, since a sudden control change does not occur in the booster circuit 20, switching can be stably performed. Further, since switching is performed at or near the zero cross, if the power factor is 1, the output current 103 is also approximately near the zero cross, and the instantaneous output power during this time becomes a small value. Therefore, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f does not drop rapidly.

  However, if the instantaneous value of the solar cell voltage 100 and the system voltage 101 is seen as described above and the inverter circuit 40 is switched during the waveform shaping operation period, the smoothing capacitor voltage 102f rapidly decreases at a timing when the output power is large. Even if it does, since it is the operation period of the inverter circuit 40 at that timing, there is no sudden transition from the control in which the booster circuit 20 always outputs a high voltage to the waveform shaping control. If the control can be switched at high speed, the bus boosting can be terminated at the timing when the booster circuit forms the waveform.

  Note that the present invention can be freely combined with each other within the scope of the invention, and each embodiment can be modified or omitted as appropriate.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Solar cell 2a Boosting reactor 2b Boosting diode 2c, 2d Boosting switching element 3 Smoothing capacitor 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d Inverter switching element 5a Filter reactor 5b Filter capacitor 6 Power system 7 System interconnection switch 8 Control circuit DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 9 Power supply voltage sensor 10 Current sensor for step-up reactor 11 Voltage sensor for smoothing capacitor 13 Current sensor for filter reactor 15 Output current sensor 16 System voltage sensor 17 Bypass switching element 20, 21 Booster circuit 40 Inverter circuit 50 Filter circuit 60, 61, 62 Power converter 70, 71 Grid interconnection system S1, S2, S3 Control signal Ii Boost reactor current If Filter reactor current 100 Solar cell voltage 101 Grid voltage 102a, 02b, 102c, 102d, 102e, 102f smoothing capacitor voltage 103 output current 104 and 105 control signals

Claims (7)

A step-up circuit that is connected in parallel to a direct-current power supply, boosts a direct-current voltage output from the direct-current power supply, and outputs a partial waveform of the alternating current waveform; and
A smoothing capacitor connected in parallel to the booster circuit and smoothing the output voltage output from the booster circuit;
An inverter circuit connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor and shaping a remaining waveform other than the partial waveform of the AC waveform by stepping down a voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor;
A switch provided between the inverter circuit and the power system;
Controls the booster circuit so as to boost the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor in advance to a voltage equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage of the power system when performing grid connection between the DC power source and the power system. A control circuit to
With
The control circuit includes:
Period from immediately after the system interconnection to an absolute value of higher the system voltage from the DC voltage is lower than the DC voltage, an absolute voltage which the boosting circuit is applied to the smoothing capacitor of the system voltage Boosting the voltage so as to be higher than the maximum value, and shaping the AC waveform in the period based on the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor boosted by the inverter circuit; The inverter circuit is controlled. A power converter characterized by things. A booster circuit comprising two switching elements, connected in parallel to a DC power supply, and boosting and outputting a DC voltage output from the DC power supply;
A smoothing capacitor connected in parallel to the booster circuit and smoothing the output voltage output from the booster circuit;
An inverter circuit connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor and shaping a remaining waveform other than the partial waveform of the AC waveform by stepping down a voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor;
A switch provided between the inverter circuit and the power system;
Controls the booster circuit so as to boost the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor in advance to a voltage equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage of the power system when performing grid connection between the DC power source and the power system. A control circuit to
With
The control circuit includes:
A period until the booster circuit first starts shaping the partial waveform after performing the grid connection, or a voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor and a DC voltage for the first time after performing the grid connection. In the period until it becomes equal, the two switching elements are controlled so as to be in an OFF state. A step-up circuit that is connected in parallel to a direct-current power supply, boosts a direct-current voltage output from the direct-current power supply, and outputs a partial waveform of the alternating current waveform; and
A smoothing capacitor connected in parallel to the booster circuit and smoothing the output voltage output from the booster circuit;
An inverter circuit connected in parallel to the smoothing capacitor and shaping a remaining waveform other than the partial waveform of the AC waveform by stepping down a voltage smoothed by the smoothing capacitor;
A switch provided between the inverter circuit and the power system;
Controls the booster circuit so as to boost the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor in advance to a voltage equal to or higher than the absolute value of the system voltage of the power system when performing grid connection between the DC power source and the power system. A control circuit to
With
A bypass switching element for connecting and dissociating the positive electrode side terminal of the DC power source and the positive electrode side terminal of the smoothing capacitor
The control circuit includes:
A period until the booster circuit first starts shaping the partial waveform after performing the grid connection, or a voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor and a DC voltage for the first time after performing the grid connection. In the period until it becomes equal, the switching device for bypassing is controlled so as to be in an OFF state. The control circuit includes:
Immediately after performing the grid connection and until a lapse of a certain period, the booster circuit boosts the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor so that the voltage is higher than the maximum absolute value of the grid voltage. Controlling the booster circuit and the inverter circuit so as to shape the AC waveform based on a voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor that has been boosted by the inverter circuit;
The power converter according to claim 2 or 3, wherein The control circuit includes:
Controlling the booster circuit so as to boost the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor in advance to a voltage equal to or higher than the maximum value of the absolute value of the system voltage when performing the system interconnection;
The power converter according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the power converter is provided. The control circuit includes:
When performing the grid interconnection, the DC voltage is compared with the absolute value of the grid voltage in advance, and the voltage applied to the smoothing capacitor is boosted only during a period when the DC voltage is lower than the absolute value of the grid voltage. Controlling the booster circuit,
The power conversion device according to claim 1 , wherein the power conversion device is a power conversion device. A solar cell that is a DC power source that outputs DC power;
The power converter according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the DC power output from the solar cell is converted into AC power and output to the power system.
A grid interconnection system characterized by comprising:

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