JP5976278B2 - Thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production and tar production system - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a tar production thermal decomposition apparatus and a tar production system for producing tar from a product gas produced by pyrolyzing a raw material to be treated.

Conventionally, a system is known in which raw materials to be treated such as wood, sludge, household waste, industrial waste, etc. are pyrolyzed and gasified with a gasifier having a gasification furnace, and the generated gas is used as fuel to generate electricity. ing.
In such a system, the raw material to be processed is heated to a high temperature (600 ° C. or higher) in a gasification furnace, and the gas generated by pyrolysis and gasification is used as a gas in a boiler or the like of a power generation facility. It is supplied as fuel to engines and gas turbines.

  Here, the component of the product gas generated by pyrolyzing and gasifying the raw material to be processed is a processing method such as the type of raw material to be processed and the temperature and residence time in the gasification furnace when the raw material to be processed is processed. Depending on the type, it is mainly lower hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, butane, etc.), hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. However, not only such substances but also higher hydrocarbons and other organic compounds having a large molecular weight are included, and these precipitate as liquid substances called tars at low temperatures.

  The above-described facilities such as power generation may be used at room temperature when the generated gas is used as fuel. At this time, the tar contained in the gas is deposited, adheres to the piping of each facility and the inside of the equipment, and there is a drawback that the piping and the like are closed.

  Therefore, it is necessary to remove the tar contained in the product gas generated by pyrolyzing and gasifying the raw material to be treated. As a method for removing the tar, the produced gas is mixed with a large amount of cleaning liquid in a wet scrubber. There is known a method of cooling by contact and removing tar in the product gas.

  Further, in Patent Document 1, after the generated gas (combustible gas) is guided to the waste heat boiler, the sensible heat is recovered in the waste heat boiler, the heat recovered combustible gas is guided to the wet scrubber, and the combustible gas is recovered. Cooling to a temperature of 60 ° C. or less, removing tar contained in the gas, and then introducing the combustible gas cooled to 60 ° C. or less to the electric dust collector, which is contained in the gas in the electric dust collector A technique for completely removing tar is disclosed.

  On the other hand, tar is a polymer compound such as higher hydrocarbons, and can be used as a liquid fuel by cooling the generated gas containing tar and condensing the tar into a liquid substance. From such a viewpoint, in Patent Document 2, when the pyrolysis gas generated in the pyrolysis furnace is cooled by a cooler, the cooling temperature is set to a temperature higher than the boiling point of acetic acid, and the liquid fuel component (tar) is added. A technique for selectively condensing and recovering as a liquid fuel and then adding water to convert it into a liquid fuel having a predetermined calorific value and fluidity is disclosed.

Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-21565 JP 2001-247873 A

Here, as described in Patent Document 1, it is desired to completely remove the tar contained in the product gas generated by pyrolyzing and gasifying the raw material to be treated. That is, in general, tar contained in the product gas is generally regarded as an undesirable substance and is usually removed. In addition, in order to discard the removed tar, a processing facility for processing the tar is required, and the equipment cost is also increased.

  Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for producing liquid fuel (tar) by cooling and condensing pyrolysis gas generated when a raw material is pyrolyzed at 300 to 800 ° C. in a pyrolysis furnace. However, it does not describe what kind of pyrolysis furnace is used (in order to increase the yield of tar) in order to include a large amount of tar, which is a liquid fuel, in the pyrolysis gas.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, making it possible to set conditions so that the raw material to be treated can be pyrolyzed thoroughly, and has a molecular structure compared to the case where pyrolysis is carried out by rapidly raising the temperature. Suppressing the generation of finely divided substances with a small molecular weight, it is possible to contain a large amount of a substance with a large molecular weight that has a structure in which molecules are connected to some extent in the product gas, and as a result, the yield of fuel tar can be increased. There is in doing so.

  In order to achieve the above object, a thermal decomposition apparatus for producing tar that is a first aspect according to the present invention includes a rotary pyrolysis furnace that thermally decomposes a raw material to be processed that is sent from an inlet toward an outlet with a heat medium. A heat medium passage provided in the rotary pyrolysis furnace, in which an inlet for a heat medium is located on the outlet side and an outlet for the heat medium is located on the inlet side, and in which the heat medium flows, and the heat medium And an adjusting unit capable of adjusting the flow rate and / or temperature of the heat medium supplied to the flow path.

  The thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production according to the second aspect of the present invention is characterized in that, in the first aspect, the residence time of the raw material to be treated in the furnace is adjustable. .

  When producing a liquid fuel (tar) by cooling and condensing the pyrolysis gas, a component having a higher molecular weight is easier to recover. However, if the raw material to be treated is pyrolyzed at a high temperature (approximately 600 ° C. or higher), if the temperature is rapidly increased, or if further gasification is performed, the molecular structure is broken and the molecular weight is reduced. Small substances increase, and they are volatilized to the gas side when the pyrolysis gas is cooled. As a result, the amount of tar as a liquid fuel cooled and condensed is reduced, and the yield is deteriorated.

  According to the first and second aspects, for example, the temperature on the inlet side of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is detected, and the supply amount of the heat medium is adjusted by the adjustment unit based on the temperature, By supplying the heat medium to the heat medium flow path from the outlet side toward the inlet side, a temperature gradient can be formed in the furnace.

Therefore, the conditions can be set so that the gasified raw material can be pyrolyzed carefully, so that the molecular weight is finer than the case where pyrolysis is performed by increasing the temperature suddenly or when further gasification is performed. Generation | occurrence | production of a small substance can be suppressed, and many substances with a large molecular weight which have the structure where the molecule | numerator was connected relatively can be included in product gas, As a result, the yield of the tar for fuels can be raised.
Furthermore, since it is a rotary type, the residence time of the gasification raw material in the furnace can be controlled by the number of rotations, so that it becomes possible to further thermally decompose the gasification raw material.

  A tar production system according to a third aspect of the present invention includes a thermal decomposition apparatus that thermally decomposes a raw material to be processed with a heat medium to generate a generated gas, and cools the generated gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus. And a tar recovery system for recovering tar that is liquid fuel, wherein the thermal decomposition apparatus is the thermal decomposition apparatus for manufacturing tar according to the first or second aspect. It is.

  According to this aspect, the product gas thermally decomposed using the thermal decomposition apparatus for producing tar of the first or second aspect can contain a large amount of tar valuable as a liquid fuel. A large amount of tar for liquid fuel can be produced by cooling and condensing the gas in the tar recovery section.

  In the tar production system according to the fourth aspect of the present invention, in the third aspect, when the tar recovery unit cools the product gas, the cooling temperature is equal to or lower than the condensation temperature of water or the condensation temperature of water. By making it higher, the water content contained in the recovered tar can be adjusted.

According to this aspect, in the tar recovery section, by setting the cooling temperature of the product gas to be equal to or lower than the condensation temperature of water, water in the condensate can be increased, and low concentration tar can be obtained. As a result, a liquid fuel having a low calorific value is obtained.
On the other hand, in the tar recovery section, by setting the cooling temperature of the product gas higher than the condensation temperature of water, moisture in the condensate can be reduced and high concentration tar can be obtained. A high amount of liquid fuel is obtained.

  Thus, in this aspect, by adjusting the amount of water in the condensate by making the cooling temperature of the product gas below the condensation temperature of water or higher than the condensation temperature of water in the tar recovery unit, As the tar, a liquid fuel having a high calorific value and a liquid fuel having a low calorific value can be produced in accordance with the purpose.

  The tar production system according to the fifth aspect of the present invention includes, in the third or fourth aspect, a cooling device for cooling the generated gas with a cooling medium upstream of the tar recovery unit. It is a feature.

According to this aspect, by providing the cooling device upstream of the tar recovery unit, the temperature of the product gas is once lowered by the cooling device and then supplied to the tar recovery unit, thereby preventing an increase in the size of the tar recovery unit. can do.
In addition, when the product gas is cooled by the cooling device, the temperature of the product gas at the time of cooling is higher than the temperature of the product gas at the time of cooling by the tar recovery unit. Condensate having a higher condensation temperature and different properties can be recovered from tar. This condensate can also be used as fuel.

  In the tar production system according to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the fifth aspect, in the cooling device, a liquid medium other than tar obtained by cooling the generated gas in the tar recovery unit is used as a cooling medium. As mentioned above, it is configured to make gas-liquid contact with the generated gas.

For example, when water is used as the cooling medium in the cooling device, the water is currently supplied from outside the system.
According to this aspect, by using a liquid component other than tar as a cooling medium for cooling the product gas, the amount of the cooling medium (for example, water) used in the cooling device can be reduced, and the cost of the entire system can be reduced. Can be achieved.

  A tar production system according to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in any one of the third to sixth aspects, removes solids in the product gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus downstream of the thermal decomposition apparatus. It is characterized by providing the solid substance removal apparatus for doing.

  The product gas generated by thermally decomposing the material to be treated by the thermal decomposition apparatus contains carbon compounds (such as char) that are solids. According to this aspect, by providing the solid matter removing device that removes the solid matter downstream of the thermal decomposition device, tar that is a liquid fuel with little solid matter contamination can be produced.

  A tar production system according to an eighth aspect of the present invention is the tar production system according to any one of the third to seventh aspects, wherein the residue when the raw material to be treated is pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer A slurry fuel can be produced by mixing a liquid component other than tar obtained by cooling the product gas in the section.

  A tar production system according to a ninth aspect of the present invention is the seventh aspect according to the seventh aspect, wherein the solid matter removed by the solid matter removing device or the raw material to be treated is pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzing device. A slurry fuel can be produced by mixing at least one of the residues and a liquid component other than tar obtained by cooling the generated gas in the tar recovery section.

  The solids removed by the solid substance removing device and the residue when the raw material to be treated is pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzing device can be used as fuel.

According to the eighth and ninth aspects, the solid component removed from the liquid component other than tar in the condensate obtained by cooling the product gas in the tar recovery section, which has a liquid property, is removed by the solid substance removing device. The slurry fuel in the form of a slurry can be produced by mixing the product and the material to be treated with at least one of the residues obtained by thermal decomposition in the thermal decomposition apparatus.
Moreover, by making it into a slurry form, handling property improves compared with solid fuel, and the transport efficiency as a fuel also improves.

1 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of an apparatus for producing tar according to the present invention. The schematic block diagram of 1st Embodiment of the tar manufacturing system which concerns on this invention. The schematic block diagram of 2nd Embodiment of the tar manufacturing system which concerns on this invention. The schematic block diagram of 3rd Embodiment of the tar manufacturing system which concerns on this invention. The schematic block diagram of 4th Embodiment of the tar manufacturing system which concerns on this invention. The schematic diagram of the heat exchanger which is one mode of a tar condensation device. The schematic diagram of the electric furnace used for experiment. Schematic flow diagram of the experimental apparatus used for the experiment.

Hereinafter, embodiments of a thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production and a tar production system according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, this invention is not limited to the following embodiment.
Further, the tar produced by the tar production system according to the present invention is referred to as pyrolysis fuel oil because the tar component contained in the product gas produced by pyrolyzing the raw material to be treated is recovered as liquid fuel. There is.

[Embodiment of thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production]
FIG. 1 shows a schematic longitudinal sectional view of a thermal cracking apparatus for tar production composed of a rotary kiln as an example of the thermal cracking apparatus for tar production.

The thermal decomposition apparatus 2 for tar production includes a raw material supply apparatus F, a rotary kiln type thermal decomposition furnace (rotary pyrolysis furnace) 23 that performs a thermal decomposition process on the raw material M, and a heat treatment. It comprises a discharge device 21 that discharges the generated pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis residue, an adjustment unit 20 that will be described later, and the like.
The raw material M to be processed introduced from the inlet 26 side of the pyrolysis drum 23 by the raw material supply device F is heated by being slowly moved to the outlet 27 side as the pyrolysis drum 23 rotates, thereby drying.・ It is pyrolyzed. In addition, the moving speed of the raw material M to be processed can be changed by changing the rotation speed, and the residence time of the raw material M to be processed in the furnace can be adjusted in consideration of the processing temperature. .

  The pyrolysis drum 23 has a heat transfer tube 25 that is a large number of heat medium flow paths along the inner wall surface 24 thereof. The heat transfer tube 25 is configured such that a high-temperature heat medium (in this embodiment, combustion gas) A flows in a counterflow with respect to the moving direction of the raw material M to be processed. That is, in the heat medium A, the outlet 27 side of the pyrolysis drum 23 serves as the inlet 28 of the heat medium A, and the inlet 26 side of the pyrolysis drum 23 serves as the outlet 29 of the heat medium A. As the high-temperature heat medium A passes through the heat transfer tube 25 in this counterflow, the raw material M to be treated is indirectly heated, dried and pyrolyzed. Note that air chambers 22 and 22 ′ through which the high-temperature heat medium A communicating with the heat transfer tube 25 passes are provided on both sides of the pyrolysis drum 23.

  The adjusting unit 20 detects the gas temperature at the inlet 28 of the heat medium A and the gas temperature at the outlet 29 of the heat medium A by temperature sensors S provided at the inlet 28 of the heat medium A and the outlet 29 of the heat medium A, respectively. This is a device that controls the supply amount of the heat medium A from the heat medium supply device 10 to the thermal decomposition drum 23 based on the detected temperature.

  A feature of the thermal decomposition apparatus 2 for tar production according to the present invention is that by detecting the temperature of the heat medium on the inlet 26 side and the outlet 27 side of the pyrolysis drum 23, the supply amount of the heat medium is adjusted based on the temperature. By supplying the heat medium from the outlet side to the inlet side of the pyrolysis drum 23 to the heat transfer tube 25 that is the heat medium flow path body, tar serving as liquid fuel is generated in the generated gas according to the type of raw material to be treated. Therefore, a temperature gradient in the pyrolysis drum 23 can be formed so as to be included in a large amount.

  When producing a liquid fuel (tar) by cooling and condensing the pyrolysis gas, a component having a higher molecular weight is easier to recover. However, if pyrolysis is performed by increasing the temperature rapidly in the pyrolysis process, or if further gasification is performed, the molecular structure is cut finely and many substances with low molecular weight increase, and they do not condense when the product gas is cooled. (Because the condensation temperature is low), it volatilizes to the gas side, and eventually the yield of tar, which is a liquid fuel, deteriorates.

  Therefore, the tar production pyrolysis apparatus 2 described above detects the heat medium temperature on the inlet 26 side and the outlet 27 side of the pyrolysis drum 23, supplies the heat medium based on the temperatures, and enters the pyrolysis drum 23. By configuring so that a temperature gradient can be formed, for example, a temperature gradient is set so that the material M to be treated is thermally decomposed carefully, and the molecular structure does not break finely and has a certain size That is, the yield of tar, which is a liquid fuel, can be increased by containing a large amount of a substance having a high molecular weight in the gas.

[First Embodiment of Tar Manufacturing System]
FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram of the first embodiment of the tar manufacturing system according to the present invention.
The tar production system according to this aspect includes a crusher 1 that crushes the raw material M to be processed into a predetermined size, a thermal decomposition apparatus 2 that thermally decomposes the crushed raw material M, and a thermal decomposition apparatus 2 that performs thermal decomposition. The solid product removing device 3 for removing the solid matter in the produced product gas G1, the product gas G2 from which the solid matter in the product gas G1 has been removed by the solid matter removing device 3 is cooled, and in the product gas G2. The cooling device 4 for condensing and removing the organic compounds contained in (hereinafter referred to as “condensate”), and cooling the product gas G3 from which the condensate has been removed from the product gas G2 by the cooling device 4 Then, a tar condensing device 5 for producing a condensate containing liquid fuel tar (hereinafter referred to as “tar”), which is pyrolysis fuel oil, from the product gas G3, and the condensation produced by the tar condensing device 5 Separation tank 6 for separating tar having a high molecular weight (heavy tar) and other substances (other liquid components) from the inside, and tar (heavy tar) separated by separation tank 6 are taken out and stored. The tar storage tank 7 is provided. The tar condenser 5, the separation tank 6, and the tar storage tank 7 constitute a tar recovery unit X.

  Further, a heat medium supply device 10 for supplying a heat medium to the pyrolysis device 2, pyrolysis carbon and non-combustible material (hereinafter referred to as “pyrolysis carbon or the like” generated when the material to be treated M is pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis device 2. ”), The pyrolysis carbon cooled by the solid material cooling device 8 and the solid material removed from the product gas G1 by the solid material removal device 3 are stored as fuel. For this purpose, a carbon bunker 9 and a condensate storage tank 4 ′ for storing a condensate obtained by condensing an organic compound from the product gas G2 in the cooling device 4 as fuel are provided.

  Further, in this embodiment, the product gas G4 produced (recovered) from the product gas G3 is used as a fuel for producing a heat medium in the heat medium supply device 10, or a boiler turbine generator (hereinafter referred to as “BTG”) of a power generation facility. It can be used as 11 gas fuel. In addition, as the fuel and heat source of the BTG 11, the exhaust gas used as the heat medium when the material stored in the carbon bunker 9 or the raw material M to be processed is thermally decomposed by the thermal decomposition apparatus 2 can be used. Yes. The condensate stored in the condensate storage tank 4 'may be used as fuel.

  The raw material M to be used in the present invention is woody biomass, for example, sawmill residue, thinned wood (cedar, pine, firewood, lawan, beech, rubber, figs, etc.), roadside tree pruning material, construction Examples include waste materials, waste utility poles, barks, and dam driftwood. Organic biomass such as rice straw, straw, rice husk, bamboo, straw, palm palm empty fruit bunch, palm palm trunk, herbaceous biomass such as bagasse and other sugarcane-derived waste materials, and chicken manure which is an example of livestock residue Biomass derived from livestock of manure such as cattle and pigs, fermentation residue, food waste, food residue, black liquor, seaweed and the like. Furthermore, wastes such as plastics are also included.

  For example, when woody biomass is used as a gasification raw material, it is said that it has a deodorizing and sterilizing effect in the separation tank 6 of the tar recovery unit X described later, and it can be used as an agricultural chemical. Can be obtained.

  The crusher 1 crushes the raw material M to be processed into a size that can be easily processed by the thermal decomposition apparatus 2, and a known one can be used. For example, a shearing crusher, a rotary crusher, etc. can be used.

As the thermal decomposition apparatus 2, one having a thermal decomposition furnace for thermally decomposing the raw material M to be treated can be used, and in particular, a one having a rotary kiln type thermal decomposition furnace (rotary thermal decomposition furnace) as the thermal decomposition furnace. Is preferred.
Therefore, in this embodiment, as the thermal decomposition apparatus 2, a thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production including the thermal decomposition drum 23 which is the rotary kiln type thermal decomposition furnace described above is used. The rotary kiln-type pyrolysis furnace can process the various raw materials described above.

The conditions of the pyrolysis process in the pyrolysis drum 23, which is a rotary kiln-type pyrolysis furnace, depend on the installation gradient angle of the pyrolysis drum 23 and the type and state of the raw material M to be treated. For example, the pyrolysis drum 23 is installed. When the gradient angle is 0.5 °, the treatment temperature is preferably about 200 ° C. to 500 ° C. so that the pyrolysis gas contains a large amount of tar for the target liquid fuel. The rotation speed is preferably 0.5 to 4 rpm, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 rpm. The residence time can be adjusted by the rotational speed, but is preferably 2 to 6 hours, and particularly preferably 2 to 4 hours.
The numerical range described above is for the case where the installation gradient angle of the pyrolysis drum 23 is set to 0.5 °, but can be appropriately changed depending on the installation gradient angle of the pyrolysis drum 23 and the type and state of the raw material M to be processed. Yes, it is not limited to these numerical ranges.

In the pyrolysis drum 23 of this aspect, it is possible to control the temperature conditions when pyrolyzing the material to be treated M in the furnace so that tar can be produced as much as possible.
That is, the inlet temperature and outlet temperature of the heating medium of the pyrolysis drum 23 can be appropriately set according to the type and state of the raw material M to be processed. For example, the inlet temperature of the heating medium of the pyrolysis drum 23 is about 500 ° C. By setting the outlet temperature to about 300 ° C., a temperature gradient is formed in the furnace, and further, the rotation speed is adjusted to change the residence time of the raw material M to be processed in the furnace, so that the tar for liquid fuel You can control the production.

More specifically, the adjustment unit 20 (FIG. 1) sets an appropriate temperature from the heat medium supply device 10 to the heat medium flow path (heat transfer tube 25) in the furnace so that the temperature gradient in the pyrolysis drum 23 becomes appropriate. The heating medium (combustion gas) is supplied.
In addition, if the residence time of the raw material M to be treated in the furnace is set within about 2 to 6 hours by adjusting the number of revolutions of the thermal decomposition drum 23, the temperature in the furnace is rapidly increased to perform the treatment. Rather than doing this, it is possible to perform a process in which the temperature rise is gradual and the residence time is lengthened. Therefore, the raw material M to be treated is thermally decomposed carefully, the bonds between molecules are not easily broken, and a substance having a large molecular weight is easily generated. That is, the bond is cleaved in the state of a substance having a relatively large molecular weight suitable as a tar.

  As described above, in the present invention, by combining the relationship between the thermal decomposition temperature, the residence time, the supply amount of the heat medium, and the like, a substance having a large molecular weight can be generated in the pyrolysis gas as a liquid fuel.

  Conventionally, tar has been decomposed and gasified at high temperatures (for example, about 600 to 1000 ° C.), so that tar has a fine molecular structure and becomes a substance with a low molecular weight, and thus has a suitable molecular weight that can be used as a liquid fuel. There was a drawback that it was difficult to obtain (tar). However, as described above, if the thermal decomposition apparatus for producing tar of the present invention is used, a substance (tar) having a relatively large molecular weight can be obtained even if the thermal decomposition is performed at a low temperature (about 400 to 500 ° C.). Solves the traditional drawbacks.

The heat medium supply device 10 that works in conjunction with the adjustment unit 20 is not particularly limited as long as it can produce a high-temperature heat medium (for example, combustion gas), but in this aspect, the tar recovery unit X generates tar from the generated gas G3. A part of the collected product gas G4 is burned in a combustion furnace which is one aspect of the heat medium supply device 10 to produce a combustion gas which is a high-temperature heat medium.
In addition, for example, incinerators generate high-temperature heated air when incineration objects are incinerated. Since the high-temperature heated air can also be used as a heat medium, an incinerator can also be used as the heat medium supply device 10.

  Note that pyrolytic carbon or the like, which is a residue of the raw material M to be processed pyrolyzed by the pyrolysis drum 23, is cooled by the solid material cooling device 8 and then stored in the carbon bunker 9, and the fuel of the BTG 11 is used as necessary. Can be used as

  The solid matter removing device 3 is a device that removes solid matter such as char (carbide) from the product gas G1. As the solid matter removing device 3, a high-temperature filter (ceramic filter, metal filter, etc.), cyclone, multi-cyclone, or the like can be used. The char (carbide) removed by the apparatus can be stored in the carbon bunker 9 and used as fuel for the BTG 11.

The gas G2 from which the solid content has been removed from the product gas G1 by the solid substance removing device 3 is sent to the cooling device 4, where it is cooled to about 150 to 200 ° C. and washed.
As the cooling device 4, a scrubber or a quencher can be used. Both are devices that cool and wash the product gas G2 with a cleaning liquid (water or the like) that is a cooling medium supplied from an external line, and condense the organic compound contained in the product gas G2, and a condensate of the condensed organic compound Can be stored in the condensate storage tank 4 ′ and used as fuel for the BTG 11. The cooling temperature in the cooling device 4 is higher than the temperature at which the product gas G3 is cooled by the tar condensing device 5 in the tar recovery unit X described later.
By setting the product gas G2 to be cooled at the above-described temperature, an organic compound having a higher condensation temperature than the tar for liquid fuel contained in the product gas G2 can be removed and recovered as a condensate.

The condensate condensed by the cooling device 4 is a substance having a higher condensation temperature and different properties than the tar condensed by the tar condensing device 5. As described above, the condensate can be used as a fuel for BTG 11 as well as pyrolytic carbon or solid matter.
That is, it is possible to use, as fuel, condensates having different condensation temperatures and properties from the tar for liquid fuel recovered later.

The product gas G3 from which the organic compound contained in the product gas G2 has been removed as a condensate by the cooling device 4 is sent to the tar condensing device 5 in order to produce (recover) tar.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a heat exchanger 50 used in this embodiment as the tar condensing device 5.

  The heat exchanger 50 supplies a cooling heat medium 51 (water is used in this embodiment) to the cooling pipe 52, and the product gas G3 from which the organic compound is removed as a condensate from the product gas G2 by heat exchange. It cools and the condensate 53 containing tar is obtained.

Here, in the heat exchanger 50, when the cooling temperature is set higher than the condensation temperature of water (for example, 120 ° C.) and the product gas G3 is supplied to the heat exchanger 50 at about 200 ° C., the moisture in the condensate 53 (There is less water condensation), resulting in a liquid fuel with a high calorific value.
On the other hand, in the heat exchanger 50, when the cooling temperature is set to be equal to or lower than the condensation temperature of water (for example, 80 ° C.) and the gas G3 is supplied to the heat exchanger 50 at about 200 ° C., the water in the condensate 53 is large. As a result, a liquid fuel with a low calorific value is obtained.

  Thus, in the present invention, by adjusting the amount of water in the condensate 53 by adjusting the cooling temperature of the product gas G3 in the tar condensing device 5 to be equal to or lower than the condensation temperature of water or higher than the condensation temperature of water, As tar for fuel, a liquid fuel with a high calorific value and a liquid fuel with a low calorific value can be produced according to the purpose.

  The condensate 53 is separated in the separation tank 6. In the 6 separation tanks, heavy tar, which is a tar for liquid fuel having a large molecular weight, is separated in the lower layer, and condensed water is separated in the upper layer. However, not all are completely separated.

As the separation tank 6, a known apparatus can be used, for example, a specific gravity difference separation tank can be used.
Here, for example, when woody biomass is used as the raw material, the upper layer condensate contains pyroligneous acid. Wood vinegar is said to have a deodorizing and bactericidal effect and can be used in these fields because it can be used as an agrochemical. In the present invention, substances that can be used in various fields can be generated by selecting not only liquid fuel tar (heavy tar) but also raw materials to be used.

  Tar (heavy tar) condensed in the lower layer of the separation tank 6 is taken out from the separation tank 6 and stored in the tar storage tank 7, and is used as liquid fuel as necessary.

[Second Embodiment of Tar Manufacturing System]
Next, a second embodiment will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a second embodiment of the tar manufacturing system according to the present invention.

In this embodiment, liquid components other than tar separated in the separation tank 6 in the first embodiment are supplied to the cooling device 4 in place of the cooling heat medium (using water) in the first embodiment. In this embodiment, the gas G2 is brought into gas-liquid contact.
The separation tank 6 is separated into heavy tar (lower layer) and condensed water (upper layer), which are tars, but is not completely separated and contains substances that can still be used as fuel other than the lower layer. .

  As described in the first embodiment, when pyrolysis is performed using woody biomass as a raw material, the wood vinegar liquid is separated into the upper layer in the separation tank 6. In this case, in this embodiment, the wood vinegar and the generated gas G2 are brought into gas-liquid contact.

  In this aspect, the amount of the cooling medium supplied from the external line used in the cooling device 4 can be reduced by using a liquid component other than the tar (for example, pyroligneous acid liquid) as the cooling medium for the product gas G2. The overall cost can be reduced.

[Third Embodiment of Tar Manufacturing System]
Next, a third embodiment will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 4 is a schematic configuration diagram of a third embodiment of the tar manufacturing system according to the present invention.

  In this embodiment, the liquid component other than the tar separated in the upper layer in the separation tank 6 in the first embodiment or a part of the tar (heavy tar) separated in the lower layer is pyrolyzed stored in the carbon bunker 9. This is a mode of producing slurry fuel by mixing with pyrolysis carbon, which is a residue of the raw material M to be processed, and solid matter removed by the solid matter removing device 3 with the mixing device 12.

For example, the above-described pyrolytic carbon or the like and the properties of the solid are solid. Therefore, a slurry fuel can be produced by mixing with a liquid component other than tar separated in the separation tank 6 whose property is liquid to form a slurry.
And by making it into a slurry form, handling property improves compared with solid fuel, and the transport efficiency as a fuel also improves.

In addition, when mixing with a liquid component other than the tar or a part of the heavy tar, a slurry fuel can be produced by mixing with at least one substance from the solid such as the pyrolytic carbon.
A known device such as a mixer can be used as the mixing device 12.

  Further, as described in the first aspect, when pyrolysis is performed using woody biomass as a raw material, the wood vinegar liquid is separated into the upper layer in the separation tank 6. In this case, in this embodiment, the slurry fuel can be produced by mixing the pyroligneous liquid with at least one of the pyrolytic carbon and the solid.

  In addition, in this aspect, although it becomes the aspect which supplies a cooling medium (water etc.) from the external line in the cooling device 4, liquid components other than the tar isolate | separated by the separation tank 6 like the 2nd aspect. May be used as a cooling medium. The third embodiment is also applicable to the second embodiment.

[Fourth Embodiment of Tar Manufacturing System]
Next, a fourth embodiment will be described. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected about the structure similar to 1st Embodiment, and the description is abbreviate | omitted.
FIG. 5 is a schematic configuration diagram of a fourth embodiment of the tar manufacturing system according to the present invention.

  In this embodiment, the condensate condensed when the product gas G2 is cooled by the cooling device 4 in the first embodiment is supplied to the separation tank 6 together with the condensate 53 condensed by the tar condensing device 5. .

With this configuration, the condensate can be used as a fuel together with the liquid fuel tar without wasting it.
The fourth embodiment can also be applied to the second and third embodiments.

Next, since the experiment which confirms the effect of this invention was conducted, the result is shown below.
[Experiment 1]
Elemental experiments were conducted to understand the mass balance of the products resulting from pyrolysis.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the electric furnace used in this experiment.
A sample is placed inside a cylindrical filter paper (hanging and fixed) inside the reaction tube, and the sample is thermally decomposed by heating the reaction tube in an electric furnace. Nitrogen was used as a carrier gas.
As a sample, a wood raw material (wood chip) having a particle size of 500 μm or less in an almost completely dry state (about 2 g) was used.

A temperature decomposition rate was set to about 0.06 ° C./second, and the temperature in the electric furnace was increased to about 450 ° C., and a sample pyrolysis experiment was performed.
In the tar recovery method, as shown in FIG. 8, tar (including water) was condensed by an ice-cooled trap two-stage system.
In the ice-cooled trap two-stage system, volatile components generated in an electric furnace are sent into a sealed container, the sealed container is cooled with ice with salt water at −5 ° C., the volatile components in the container are cooled, and tar is condensed. In this method, the gas passing through the first sealed container is cooled in the next sealed container in the same manner as in the first sealed container to condense the tar. The gas component that does not condense is collected by a gas collection device.

The experimental results were as follows: gas (mainly hydrogen, carbon monoxide, lower hydrocarbon) 26.9%, water 19.4%, char 26.4%, tar 27.4%.
The tar content is as high as 27.4% because the rate of temperature rise is about 0.06 ° C / sec and there is no rapid temperature change, and it is slowly decomposed at a low temperature of about 200-500 ° C. This is probably because a substance having a large molecular weight suitable as a tar was present in the pyrolysis gas without finely cutting the structure.

  According to the present invention, the gasification raw material is pyrolyzed at about 400 to 500 ° C. in a pyrolysis apparatus constituted by a rotary kiln, etc., and the tar component is included in the volatile component, and then cooled, so that it is suitable for liquid fuel. Tar can be produced.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Crusher 2 Pyrolysis device for tar production 3 Solid matter removal device 4 Cooling device 4 'Condensate storage tank 5 Tar condensing device 6 Separation tank 7 Tar storage tank 8 Solid matter cooling device 9 Carbon bunker 10 Heat medium supply device
11 Boiler turbine generator (BTG)
12 Mixing device 20 Adjustment section X Tar recovery section

Claims (7)

A rotary pyrolysis furnace for pyrolyzing the raw material to be processed sent from the inlet toward the outlet with a heat medium;
A heat medium flow path provided in the rotary pyrolysis furnace, in which an inlet for a heat medium is located on the outlet side, and in which the heat medium is located, and an outlet for the heat medium is located on the inlet side;
An adjustment unit capable of adjusting the flow rate of the heat medium supplied to the heat medium flow path and / or the temperature of the heat medium;
A temperature sensor that is provided at each of the inlet and outlet of the heat medium and detects temperature information for controlling the supply amount of the heat medium to the heat medium flow path;
A tar production pyrolysis apparatus comprising a control unit,
The rotary pyrolysis furnace has an installation gradient angle;
The control unit for controlling the operation of the thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production is
The rotational speed of the rotary pyrolysis furnace is in the range of 0.5 to 4 rpm,
The residence time during pyrolysis in the rotary pyrolysis furnace of the raw material to be treated is in the range of 2 to 6 hours,
The temperature of the pyrolysis treatment in the rotary pyrolysis furnace is in the range of 200 ° C. to 500 ° C., and the treatment temperature on the outlet side of the raw material to be treated is high in the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the treatment on the inlet side. A temperature gradient in which the temperature becomes low is formed in the rotary pyrolysis furnace,
Further, when the compound contained in the gas generated by the thermal decomposition treatment is cooled at a temperature higher than the condensation temperature of water and close to 120 ° C. , the rotary heat treatment is performed so as not to be decomposed into a compound having a molecular weight that does not condense. The residence time, the temperature of the pyrolysis treatment, and the temperature gradient are adjusted according to the installation gradient angle of the cracking furnace, the type and amount of the raw material to be treated put in the rotary pyrolysis furnace, and the temperature information. tar manufacture pyrolysis apparatus characterized by being configured to perform the thermal decomposition treatment with. A pyrolysis apparatus for pyrolyzing a raw material to be treated with a heat medium to generate a generated gas;
A tar recovery unit that cools the generated gas generated in the thermal decomposition apparatus and recovers tar that is liquid fuel,
A tar production system, wherein the thermal decomposition apparatus is the thermal decomposition apparatus for tar production according to claim 1 . In the tar manufacturing system according to claim 2 ,
A tar production system comprising a cooling device for cooling the generated gas with a cooling medium upstream of the tar recovery unit. In the tar manufacturing system according to claim 3 ,
The tar is characterized in that the cooling device is configured to make a gas component in contact with the product gas using a liquid component other than the tar obtained by cooling the product gas in the tar recovery unit as a cooling medium. Manufacturing system. In the tar manufacturing system according to any one of claims 2 to 4 ,
A tar production system comprising a solid matter removal device for removing solid matter in a product gas generated in the thermal decomposition device downstream of the thermal decomposition device. In the tar production system according to any one of claims 2 to 5 ,
A slurry fuel can be produced by mixing the residue when the raw material to be treated is pyrolyzed in the pyrolyzer and a liquid component other than tar obtained by cooling the generated gas in the tar recovery section. A tar manufacturing system characterized by that. In the tar manufacturing system according to claim 5 ,
Other than the tar obtained by cooling the generated gas in the tar recovery unit and at least one of the solids removed by the solid matter removing device or the raw material to be processed in the thermal decomposition device A tar production system configured to be able to produce a slurry fuel by mixing with a liquid component.

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