JP5929943B2 - Power conversion device and power conversion method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a power conversion device and a power conversion method.

  Conventionally, transmission is performed between a primary side conversion circuit including a plurality of primary side ports and a secondary side conversion circuit including a plurality of secondary ports and magnetically coupled by a transformer. There is known a power conversion device that adjusts transmission power according to a phase difference φ (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

JP 2011-193713 A

  The transmission power adjusted according to the phase difference φ is also affected by the value of the switching duty ratio D of the primary side conversion circuit or the secondary side conversion circuit.

  However, since the phase difference φ and the duty ratio D are controlled independently, even if the phase ratio φ is set to a value that maximizes the transmission power, if the duty ratio D is not set appropriately, the transmission power Will be reduced.

  Therefore, an object is to prevent the transmission power from decreasing from the maximum value.

In order to achieve the above object, according to one aspect,
A primary side circuit including a primary side voltage converter including a primary side coil and a primary side switching element and a plurality of primary side ports, and a secondary side voltage including a secondary side coil and a secondary side switching element comprises a secondary circuit and a converting unit and the secondary side port, in the power supply circuit, and the primary coil and the secondary coil are magnetically coupled, wherein the primary side of the primary circuit The transmission power transmitted between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit is adjusted by changing the phase difference between the switching of the switching element and the switching of the secondary side switching element of the secondary side circuit. And a power conversion method for changing a switching duty ratio of the primary side circuit or the secondary side circuit,
A determination step of determining whether or not the phase difference is an upper limit value of a designed predetermined range in a state where the power supply circuit is about to transmit the maximum power ;
The detected voltage of the first primary port is equal to the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α (where α is larger than 0 and smaller than 100, and the duty ratio when the transmission power is maximized) Determination step for determining whether or not the product is smaller than
Wherein the phase difference is the upper limit value, and the detection voltage of the first primary port, is smaller than the product between the target voltage and the 100 / alpha of the second primary port, said duty ratio Fixing step to fix α to α,
A power conversion method is provided.

  According to one aspect, it is possible to prevent the transmission power from decreasing from the maximum value.

The block diagram which showed the structural example of the power supply device which is embodiment of a power converter device Block diagram showing a configuration example of the control unit Timing chart showing switching example of primary side circuit and secondary side circuit Graph showing the relationship between transmission power P, phase difference φ, and duty ratio D Block diagram showing a configuration example of the control unit Flow chart showing an example of a power conversion method

<Configuration of Power Supply Device 101>
FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a power supply apparatus 101 that is an embodiment of a power conversion apparatus. The power supply apparatus 101 is a power supply system including, for example, the power supply circuit 10, the control unit 50, and the sensor unit 70. The power supply apparatus 101 is a system that is mounted on a vehicle such as an automobile, for example, and distributes power to each onboard load. Specific examples of such a vehicle include a hybrid vehicle, a plug-in hybrid vehicle, and an electric vehicle.

  The power supply device 101 includes, for example, a first input / output port 60a to which a primary side high voltage system load (for example, an electric power steering device (EPS)) 61a is connected and a primary side low voltage system load (for example, A second input / output port 60c to which an electronic control unit (ECU), an electronic control brake system (ECB), etc.) 61c is connected is provided as a primary side port.

  The power supply device 101 includes, for example, a third input / output port 60b to which a secondary side high voltage system load 61b and a secondary side high voltage system power supply 62b (for example, main battery) are connected, and a secondary side low voltage system load 61d. And a fourth input / output port 60d to which are connected as secondary side ports. The secondary side high voltage system power supply 62b supplies power to the secondary side high voltage system load 61b operating in the same voltage system as the secondary side high voltage system power supply 62b (for example, 288V system higher than 12V system and 48V system). Supply. Further, the secondary side high voltage system power supply 62b is connected to the secondary side low voltage system load 61d operating in a voltage system different from the secondary side high voltage system power supply 62b (for example, 72V system lower than the 288V system). The power reduced by the secondary side conversion circuit 30 configured as 10 is supplied. A specific example of the secondary side high-voltage power supply 62b is a secondary battery such as a lithium ion battery.

  The power supply circuit 10 has the four input / output ports described above, and two arbitrary input / output ports are selected from the four input / output ports, and power conversion is performed between the two input / output ports. This is a power conversion circuit having a function. The power supply device 101 provided with the power supply circuit 10 has at least three or more input / output ports, and converts power between any two input / output ports among at least three or more input / output ports. It may be a device capable of doing so. For example, the power supply circuit 10 may be a circuit having three input / output ports without the fourth input / output port 60d.

  The port powers Pa, Pc, Pb, and Pd are input / output powers (input power or output power) at the first input / output port 60a, the second input / output port 60c, the third input / output port 60b, and the fourth input / output port 60d, respectively. ). The port voltages Va, Vc, Vb, and Vd are input / output voltages (input voltage or output voltage) at the first input / output port 60a, the second input / output port 60c, the third input / output port 60b, and the fourth input / output port 60d, respectively. ). The port currents Ia, Ic, Ib, and Id are input / output currents (input current or output current) in the first input / output port 60a, the second input / output port 60c, the third input / output port 60b, and the fourth input / output port 60d, respectively. ).

  The power supply circuit 10 includes a capacitor C1 provided in the first input / output port 60a, a capacitor C3 provided in the second input / output port 60c, a capacitor C2 provided in the third input / output port 60b, and a fourth input / output port 60d. And a capacitor C4. Specific examples of the capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 include a film capacitor, an aluminum electrolytic capacitor, a ceramic capacitor, and a solid polymer capacitor.

  The capacitor C1 is inserted between the high potential side terminal 613 of the first input / output port 60a and the low potential side terminal 614 of the first input / output port 60a and the second input / output port 60c. The capacitor C3 is inserted between the high potential side terminal 616 of the second input / output port 60c and the low potential side terminal 614 of the first input / output port 60a and the second input / output port 60c. The capacitor C2 is inserted between the high potential side terminal 618 of the third input / output port 60b and the low potential side terminal 620 of the third input / output port 60b and the fourth input / output port 60d. The capacitor C4 is inserted between the high potential side terminal 622 of the fourth input / output port 60d and the low potential side terminal 620 of the third input / output port 60b and the fourth input / output port 60d.

  The capacitors C1, C2, C3, and C4 may be provided inside the power supply circuit 10 or may be provided outside the power supply circuit 10.

  The power supply circuit 10 is a power conversion circuit configured to include a primary side conversion circuit 20 and a secondary side conversion circuit 30. The primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 are connected via a primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204 and a secondary side magnetic coupling reactor 304, and a transformer 400 (center tap type transformer). ) Is magnetically coupled. The primary side port composed of the first input / output port 60a and the second input / output port 60c and the secondary side port composed of the third input / output port 60b and the fourth input / output port 60d are the transformer 400. Connected through.

  The primary side conversion circuit 20 is a primary side circuit configured to include a primary full bridge circuit 200, a first input / output port 60a, and a second input / output port 60c. The primary side full bridge circuit 200 includes a primary side coil 202 of the transformer 400, a primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204, a primary side first upper arm U1, and a primary side first lower arm / U1, This is a primary power conversion unit configured to include a primary second upper arm V1 and a primary second lower arm / V1. Here, the primary side first upper arm U1, the primary side first lower arm / U1, the primary side second upper arm V1, and the primary side second lower arm / V1 are, for example, N The switching element includes a channel-type MOSFET and a body diode that is a parasitic element of the MOSFET. A diode may be additionally connected in parallel with the MOSFET.

  The primary side full bridge circuit 200 includes a primary side positive bus 298 connected to a high potential side terminal 613 of the first input / output port 60a, and low potentials of the first input / output port 60a and the second input / output port 60c. Primary-side negative electrode bus 299 connected to the terminal 614 on the side.

  A primary side first arm circuit in which a primary side first upper arm U1 and a primary side first lower arm / U1 are connected in series between a primary side positive electrode bus 298 and a primary side negative electrode bus 299. 207 is attached. The primary side first arm circuit 207 is a primary side first power conversion circuit unit capable of performing a power conversion operation by an on / off switching operation of the primary side first upper arm U1 and the primary side first lower arm / U1 ( Primary side U-phase power conversion circuit unit). Further, between the primary side positive electrode bus 298 and the primary side negative electrode bus 299, a primary side second upper arm V1 and a primary side second lower arm / V1 connected in series are connected. An arm circuit 211 is attached in parallel with the primary side first arm circuit 207. The primary side second arm circuit 211 is a primary side second power conversion circuit unit capable of performing a power conversion operation by ON / OFF switching operation of the primary side second upper arm V1 and the primary side second lower arm / V1 ( Primary side V-phase power conversion circuit unit).

  A primary side coil 202 and a primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204 are provided at a bridge portion connecting the middle point 207m of the primary side first arm circuit 207 and the middle point 211m of the primary side second arm circuit 211. ing. The connection relationship will be described in more detail with respect to the bridge portion. One end of the primary side first reactor 204a of the primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204 is connected to the midpoint 207m of the primary side first arm circuit 207. And one end of the primary side coil 202 is connected to the other end of the primary side 1st reactor 204a. Further, one end of the primary second reactor 204 b of the primary magnetic coupling reactor 204 is connected to the other end of the primary coil 202. Then, the other end of the primary side second reactor 204 b is connected to the midpoint 211 m of the primary side second arm circuit 211. The primary-side magnetic coupling reactor 204 includes a primary-side first reactor 204a and a primary-side second reactor 204b that is magnetically coupled to the primary-side first reactor 204a with a coupling coefficient k1.

  A midpoint 207m is a primary first intermediate node between the primary first upper arm U1 and the primary first lower arm / U1, and a midpoint 211m is the primary second upper arm V1. And a primary side second lower arm / V1.

  The first input / output port 60 a is a port provided between the primary positive electrode bus 298 and the primary negative electrode bus 299. The first input / output port 60 a includes a terminal 613 and a terminal 614. The second input / output port 60 c is a port provided between the primary negative electrode bus 299 and the center tap 202 m of the primary coil 202. The second input / output port 60 c includes a terminal 614 and a terminal 616.

  The center tap 202m is connected to the terminal 616 on the high potential side of the second input / output port 60c. The center tap 202m is an intermediate connection point between the primary first winding 202a and the primary second winding 202b configured in the primary coil 202.

  The secondary side conversion circuit 30 is a secondary side circuit configured to include a secondary side full bridge circuit 300, a third input / output port 60b, and a fourth input / output port 60d. The secondary side full bridge circuit 300 includes a secondary side coil 302 of the transformer 400, a secondary side magnetic coupling reactor 304, a secondary side first upper arm U2, and a secondary side first lower arm / U2. This is a secondary side power converter configured to include the secondary side second upper arm V2 and the secondary side second lower arm / V2. Here, each of the secondary side first upper arm U2, the secondary side first lower arm / U2, the secondary side second upper arm V2, and the secondary side second lower arm / V2 is, for example, N The switching element includes a channel-type MOSFET and a body diode that is a parasitic element of the MOSFET. A diode may be additionally connected in parallel with the MOSFET.

  The secondary-side full bridge circuit 300 includes a secondary-side positive bus 398 connected to a high-potential side terminal 618 of the third input / output port 60b, and low potentials of the third input / output port 60b and the fourth input / output port 60d. And a secondary negative electrode bus 399 connected to the terminal 620 on the side.

  A secondary side first arm circuit in which a secondary side first upper arm U2 and a secondary side first lower arm / U2 are connected in series between a secondary side positive electrode bus 398 and a secondary side negative electrode bus 399. 307 is attached. The secondary side first arm circuit 307 is a secondary side first power conversion circuit unit capable of performing a power conversion operation by on / off switching operation of the secondary side first upper arm U2 and the secondary side first lower arm / U2. Secondary side U-phase power conversion circuit unit). Furthermore, a secondary side second upper arm V2 and a secondary side second lower arm / V2 are connected in series between the secondary side positive electrode bus 398 and the secondary side negative electrode bus 399. An arm circuit 311 is attached in parallel with the secondary side first arm circuit 307. The secondary side second arm circuit 311 is a secondary side second power conversion circuit unit capable of performing a power conversion operation by an on / off switching operation of the secondary side second upper arm V2 and the secondary side second lower arm / V2. Secondary side V-phase power conversion circuit unit).

  A secondary coil 302 and a secondary magnetic coupling reactor 304 are provided at a bridge portion connecting the midpoint 307m of the secondary side first arm circuit 307 and the midpoint 311m of the secondary side second arm circuit 311. ing. The connection relationship will be described in detail for the bridge portion. One end of the secondary side first reactor 304a of the secondary side magnetic coupling reactor 304 is connected to the midpoint 307m of the secondary side first arm circuit 307. Then, one end of the secondary coil 302 is connected to the other end of the secondary first reactor 304a. Furthermore, one end of the secondary second reactor 304 b of the secondary magnetic coupling reactor 304 is connected to the other end of the secondary coil 302. Then, the other end of the secondary side second reactor 304 b is connected to the midpoint 311 m of the secondary side second arm circuit 311. The secondary-side magnetic coupling reactor 304 includes a secondary-side first reactor 304a and a secondary-side second reactor 304b that is magnetically coupled to the secondary-side first reactor 304a with a coupling coefficient k2.

  The middle point 307m is a secondary side first intermediate node between the secondary side first upper arm U2 and the secondary side first lower arm / U2, and the middle point 311m is the secondary side second upper arm V2. And a secondary side second intermediate node between the secondary side second lower arm / V2.

  The third input / output port 60 b is a port provided between the secondary positive electrode bus 398 and the secondary negative electrode bus 399. The third input / output port 60b includes a terminal 618 and a terminal 620. The fourth input / output port 60 d is a port provided between the secondary negative electrode bus 399 and the center tap 302 m of the secondary coil 302. The fourth input / output port 60d includes a terminal 620 and a terminal 622.

  The port voltage Vb of the third input / output port 60b and the port voltage Vd of the fourth input / output port 60d vary depending on the voltage of the secondary low-voltage power supply 62b.

  The center tap 302m is connected to the high potential side terminal 622 of the fourth input / output port 60d. The center tap 302m is an intermediate connection point between the secondary side first winding 302a and the secondary side second winding 302b configured in the secondary side coil 302.

  In FIG. 1, the power supply apparatus 101 includes a sensor unit 70. The sensor unit 70 detects an input / output value Y in at least one of the first to fourth input / output ports 60a, 60c, 60b, and 60d at a predetermined detection cycle, and a detection corresponding to the detected input / output value Y. This is detection means for outputting the value Yd to the control unit 50. The detection value Yd may be a detection voltage obtained by detecting the input / output voltage, a detection current obtained by detecting the input / output current, or a detection power obtained by detecting the input / output power. Good. The sensor unit 70 may be provided inside or outside the power supply circuit 10.

  The sensor unit 70 includes, for example, a voltage detection unit that detects an input / output voltage generated in at least one of the first to fourth input / output ports 60a, 60c, 60b, and 60d. The sensor unit 70 includes, for example, a primary side voltage detection unit that outputs at least one of the input / output voltage Va and the input / output voltage Vc as a primary voltage detection value, and the input / output voltage Vb and the input / output voltage Vd. A secondary-side voltage detector that outputs at least one detection voltage as a secondary-side voltage detection value.

  The voltage detection unit of the sensor unit 70, for example, provides a voltage sensor that monitors the input / output voltage value of at least one port and a detection voltage corresponding to the input / output voltage value monitored by the voltage sensor to the control unit 50. And a voltage detection circuit for outputting.

  The sensor unit 70 includes, for example, a current detection unit that detects an input / output current flowing in at least one of the first to fourth input / output ports 60a, 60c, 60b, and 60d. The sensor unit 70 includes, for example, a primary-side current detection unit that outputs a detection current of at least one of the input-output current Ia and the input-output current Ic as a primary-side current detection value, and the input-output current Ib and the input-output current Id. A secondary-side current detection unit that outputs at least one of the detection currents as a secondary-side current detection value.

  The current detection unit of the sensor unit 70 includes, for example, a current sensor that monitors an input / output current value of at least one port and a detection current corresponding to the input / output current value monitored by the current sensor to the control unit 50. And a current detection circuit for outputting.

  The power supply apparatus 101 includes a control unit 50. The control unit 50 is an electronic circuit including a microcomputer with a built-in CPU, for example. The control unit 50 may be provided inside or outside the power supply circuit 10.

  The control unit 50 feedback-controls the power conversion operation performed in the power supply circuit 10 by changing the value of the predetermined control parameter X, and each of the first to fourth input / output ports 60a, 60c, The input / output value Y at 60b and 60d can be adjusted. As the main control parameter X, there are two types of control variables, phase difference φ and duty ratio D (on time δ).

  The phase difference φ is a switching timing shift (time lag) between the power conversion circuit units of the same phase between the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the secondary side full bridge circuit 300. The duty ratio D (on time δ) is a duty ratio (on time) of a switching waveform in each power conversion circuit unit configured in the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the secondary side full bridge circuit 300.

  These two control parameters X can be controlled independently of each other. The control unit 50 performs the duty ratio control and / or phase control of the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the secondary side full bridge circuit 300 using the phase difference φ and the duty ratio D (ON time δ). The input / output value Y at each input / output port is changed.

  The control unit 50 sets the detection value Yd of the input / output value Y in at least one of the first to fourth input / output ports 60a, 60c, 60b, 60d to a value that converges to the target value Yo set for the port. The power conversion operation by the power supply circuit 10 is feedback-controlled so that the phase difference φ or the duty ratio D changes. The target value Yo is, for example, a predetermined value other than the control unit 50 or the control unit 50 based on a driving condition defined for each load connected to each input / output port (for example, the primary side low voltage system load 61c and the like). Is a command value set by the device. The target value Yo functions as an output target value when power is output from the port, functions as an input target value when power is input to the port, may be a target voltage value, a target current value, It may be a power value.

  Further, the control unit 50 sets the transmission power P transmitted through the transformer 400 between the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 to a value that converges to the set target transmission power. The power conversion operation by the power supply circuit 10 is feedback-controlled so that the phase difference φ changes. The transmitted power is also called power transmission amount. The target transmission power is, for example, a command value set by the control unit 50 or a predetermined device other than the control unit 50 based on the deviation between the detection value Yd and the target value Yo at any port.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the control unit 50. The control unit 50 performs switching control of each switching element such as the primary first upper arm U1 of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and each switching element such as the secondary first upper arm U2 of the secondary side conversion circuit 30. It is a control part which has a function to perform. The control unit 50 includes a power conversion mode determination processing unit 502, a phase difference φ determination processing unit 504, an on-time δ determination processing unit 506, a primary side switching processing unit 508, a secondary side switching processing unit 510, and the like. Consists of including. The control unit 50 is an electronic circuit including a microcomputer with a built-in CPU, for example.

  For example, the power conversion mode determination processing unit 502 performs power conversion of the power supply circuit 10 described below based on a predetermined external signal (for example, a signal indicating a deviation between the detected value Yd and the target value Yo at any port). An operation mode is selected from modes A to L and determined. The power conversion mode is a mode A in which the power input from the first input / output port 60a is converted and output to the second input / output port 60c, and the power input from the first input / output port 60a is converted to a third mode. There are a mode B for outputting to the input / output port 60b and a mode C for converting the power input from the first input / output port 60a and outputting it to the fourth input / output port 60d.

  A mode D for converting the power input from the second input / output port 60c and outputting the converted power to the first input / output port 60a, and a third input / output port for converting the power input from the second input / output port 60c. There is a mode E for outputting to 60b and a mode F for converting the power input from the second input / output port 60c and outputting it to the fourth input / output port 60d.

  Further, the mode G that converts the power input from the third input / output port 60b and outputs it to the first input / output port 60a, and the second input / output port that converts the power input from the third input / output port 60b. There are a mode H for outputting to 60c and a mode I for converting the power input from the third input / output port 60b and outputting to the fourth input / output port 60d.

  Then, a mode J for converting the power input from the fourth input / output port 60d and outputting it to the first input / output port 60a, and a second input / output port for converting the power input from the fourth input / output port 60d. There is a mode K for outputting to 60c and a mode L for converting the power input from the fourth input / output port 60d and outputting to the third input / output port 60b.

  The phase difference φ determination processing unit 504 determines the switching period motion of the switching element between the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 in order to cause the power supply circuit 10 to function as a DC-DC converter circuit. It has a function of setting the phase difference φ.

  The on-time δ determination processing unit 506 operates switching elements of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 in order to cause the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 to function as step-up / down circuits, respectively. It has a function of setting the on time δ.

  The primary side switching processing unit 508 includes the primary side first upper arm U1 and the primary side based on the outputs of the power conversion mode determination processing unit 502, the phase difference φ determination processing unit 504, and the on-time δ determination processing unit 506. The switching function of each switching element of the side first lower arm / U1, the primary second upper arm V1, and the primary second lower arm / V1 is provided.

  The secondary side switching processing unit 510 includes a secondary side first upper arm U2 and a secondary side based on outputs of the power conversion mode determination processing unit 502, the phase difference φ determination processing unit 504, and the on-time δ determination processing unit 506. The switching function of each switching element of the side first lower arm / U2, the secondary side second upper arm V2, and the secondary side second lower arm / V2 is provided.

  The control unit 50 is not limited to the process shown in FIG. 2, and performs various processes required for controlling the transmission power transmitted between the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30. Is possible.

<Operation of Power Supply Device 101>
The operation of the power supply apparatus 101 will be described with reference to FIGS. For example, when an external signal requesting to operate the power conversion mode of the power supply circuit 10 as mode F is input, the power conversion mode determination processing unit 502 of the control unit 50 performs the power conversion mode of the power supply circuit 10. Is determined as mode F. At this time, the voltage input to the second input / output port 60c is boosted by the boost function of the primary side conversion circuit 20, and the power of the boosted voltage is increased by the function of the power supply circuit 10 as the DC-DC converter circuit. It is transmitted to the third input / output port 60b side, further stepped down by the step-down function of the secondary side conversion circuit 30, and output from the fourth input / output port 60d.

  Here, the step-up / step-down function of the primary side conversion circuit 20 will be described in detail. Focusing on the second input / output port 60c and the first input / output port 60a, the terminal 616 of the second input / output port 60c is connected in series to the primary side first winding 202a and the primary side first winding 202a. The primary side first arm circuit 207 is connected to the midpoint 207m through the primary side first reactor 204a. Since both ends of the primary side first arm circuit 207 are connected to the first input / output port 60a, there is a step-up / down voltage between the terminal 616 of the second input / output port 60c and the first input / output port 60a. A circuit is attached.

  Further, the terminal 616 of the second input / output port 60c is connected to the primary side via the primary side second winding 202b and the primary side second reactor 204b connected in series to the primary side second winding 202b. The second arm circuit 211 is connected to the midpoint 211m. Since both ends of the primary side second arm circuit 211 are connected to the first input / output port 60a, there is no up / down between the terminal 616 of the second input / output port 60c and the first input / output port 60a. The pressure circuit is attached in parallel. Since the secondary side conversion circuit 30 is a circuit having substantially the same configuration as the primary side conversion circuit 20, between the terminal 622 of the fourth input / output port 60d and the third input / output port 60b, Two step-up / step-down circuits are connected in parallel. Therefore, the secondary side conversion circuit 30 has a step-up / step-down function like the primary side conversion circuit 20.

  Next, the function of the power supply circuit 10 as a DC-DC converter circuit will be described in detail. Focusing on the first input / output port 60a and the third input / output port 60b, the first input / output port 60a is connected to the primary side full bridge circuit 200, and the third input / output port 60b is connected to the secondary side full bridge. A circuit 300 is connected. The primary side coil 202 provided in the bridge portion of the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the secondary side coil 302 provided in the bridge portion of the secondary side full bridge circuit 300 are magnetically coupled with a coupling coefficient kT. Thus, the transformer 400 functions as a center tap type transformer having a winding number of 1: N. Therefore, by adjusting the phase difference φ of the switching periodic motion of the switching elements in the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the secondary side full bridge circuit 300, the power input to the first input / output port 60a is converted. The power can be transmitted to the third input / output port 60b, or the power input to the third input / output port 60b can be converted and transmitted to the first input / output port 60a.

  FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a timing chart of on / off switching waveforms of the arms configured in the power supply circuit 10 under the control of the control unit 50. In FIG. 3, U1 is an ON / OFF waveform of the primary first upper arm U1, V1 is an ON / OFF waveform of the primary second upper arm V1, and U2 is the secondary first upper arm U2. It is an on / off waveform, and V2 is an on / off waveform of the secondary second upper arm V2. The primary-side first lower arm / U1, the primary-side second lower arm / V1, the secondary-side first lower arm / U2, and the secondary-side second lower arm / V2 have ON / OFF waveforms respectively. This is a waveform obtained by inverting the on / off waveform of the first upper arm U1, the primary second upper arm V1, the secondary first upper arm U2, and the secondary second upper arm V2 (not shown). Note that a dead time is preferably provided between the on-off waveforms of the upper and lower arms so that no through current flows when both the upper and lower arms are turned on. In FIG. 3, the high level represents the on state, and the low level represents the off state.

  Here, the step-up / step-down ratio of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 can be changed by changing the ON times δ of U1, V1, U2, and V2. For example, by making the ON times δ of U1, V1, U2, and V2 equal to each other, the step-up / step-down ratio of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the step-up / step-down ratio of the secondary side conversion circuit 30 can be made equal.

  The ON time δ determination processing unit 506 makes the ON times δ of U1, V1, U2, and V2 equal to each other so that the step-up / step-down ratios of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 are equal to each other (each ON time δ = primary side ON time δ11 = secondary side ON time δ12 = time value β).

  The step-up / step-down ratio of the primary side conversion circuit 20 is determined by the duty ratio D, which is the ratio of the on-time δ to the switching period T of the switching element (arm) configured in the primary side full bridge circuit 200. Similarly, the step-up / step-down ratio of the secondary side conversion circuit 30 is determined by the duty ratio D, which is the ratio of the on-time δ to the switching cycle T of the switching elements (arms) configured in the secondary side full bridge circuit 300. The step-up / step-down ratio of the primary side conversion circuit 20 is a transformation ratio between the first input / output port 60a and the second input / output port 60c, and the step-up / step-down ratio of the secondary side conversion circuit 30 is the third input / output port 60b. And the fourth input / output port 60d.

So, for example,
The step-up / step-down ratio of the primary side conversion circuit 20 = the voltage of the second input / output port 60c / the voltage of the first input / output port 60a = δ11 / T = β / T
The step-up / step-down ratio of the secondary conversion circuit 30 = the voltage at the fourth input / output port 60d / the voltage at the third input / output port 60b = δ12 / T = β / T
It is expressed. That is, the step-up / step-down ratios of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 are the same value (= β / T).

  3 represents the on time δ11 of the primary first upper arm U1 and the primary second upper arm V1, and the secondary first upper arm U2 and the secondary second upper. This represents the on time δ12 of the arm V2. The switching period T of the arm configured in the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the switching period T of the arm configured in the secondary side full bridge circuit 300 are equal times.

  The phase difference between U1 and V1 is operated at 180 degrees (π), and the phase difference between U2 and V2 is also operated at 180 degrees (π). Furthermore, by changing the phase difference φ between U1 and U2, the power transmission amount P between the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 can be adjusted. If the phase difference φ> 0, Transmission from the primary side conversion circuit 20 to the secondary side conversion circuit 30 can be performed from the secondary side conversion circuit 30 to the primary side conversion circuit 20 if the phase difference φ <0.

  The phase difference φ is a switching timing shift (time lag) between the power conversion circuit units of the same phase between the primary side full bridge circuit 200 and the secondary side full bridge circuit 300. For example, the phase difference φ is a switching timing shift between the primary side first arm circuit 207 and the secondary side first arm circuit 307, and the primary side second arm circuit 211 and the secondary side second arm circuit 307. This is a difference in switching timing with the arm circuit 311. These deviations are controlled to be equal to each other. That is, the phase difference φ between U1 and U2 and the phase difference φ between V1 and V2 are controlled to the same value.

  Therefore, for example, when an external signal requesting to operate the power conversion mode of the power supply circuit 10 as mode F is input, the power conversion mode determination processing unit 502 determines to select the mode F. The on-time δ determination processing unit 506 boosts when the primary side conversion circuit 20 functions as a booster circuit that boosts the voltage input to the second input / output port 60c and outputs the boosted voltage to the first input / output port 60a. An on-time δ that defines the ratio is set. In the secondary side conversion circuit 30, the voltage input to the third input / output port 60 b is stepped down at a step-down ratio defined by the on-time δ set by the on-time δ determination processing unit 506, and the fourth input / output is reduced. It functions as a step-down circuit that outputs to the port 60d. Further, the phase difference φ determination processing unit 504 sets the phase difference φ for transmitting the power input to the first input / output port 60a to the third input / output port 60b with a desired power transmission amount P.

  The primary side switching processing unit 508 includes a primary side first upper arm so that the primary side conversion circuit 20 functions as a booster circuit and the primary side conversion circuit 20 functions as a part of the DC-DC converter circuit. The switching control of each switching element of U1, the primary side first lower arm / U1, the primary side second upper arm V1, and the primary side second lower arm / V1 is performed.

  The secondary side switching processing unit 510 has a secondary side first upper arm so that the secondary side conversion circuit 30 functions as a step-down circuit and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 functions as a part of the DC-DC converter circuit. Switching control is performed on the switching elements of U2, the secondary side first lower arm / U2, the secondary side second upper arm V2, and the secondary side second lower arm / V2.

  As described above, the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 can function as a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit, and the power supply circuit 10 can also function as a bidirectional DC-DC converter circuit. it can. Therefore, power conversion can be performed in all the power conversion modes A to L, in other words, power conversion can be performed between two input / output ports selected from among the four input / output ports. .

The transmission power P (also referred to as power transmission amount P) adjusted by the control unit 50 according to the phase difference φ, equivalent inductance L, etc. is one of the conversion circuits in the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30. To the other converter circuit via the transformer 400,
P = (N × Va × Vb) / (π × ω × L) × F (D, φ)
... Formula 1
It is represented by

  N is the turn ratio of the transformer 400, Va is the input / output voltage of the first input / output port 60a (between the primary positive bus 298 and the primary positive bus 299 of the primary conversion circuit 20). Vb is an input / output voltage of the third input / output port 60b (voltage between the primary-side positive bus 398 and the primary-side positive bus 399 of the secondary conversion circuit 30). π is a circular ratio, and ω (= 2π × f = 2π / T) is an angular frequency of switching of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30. f is a switching frequency of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30, T is a switching period of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30, and L is a magnetic coupling reactor 204, 304. It is an equivalent inductance related to the power transmission of the transformer 400. F (D, φ) is a function having the duty ratio D and the phase difference φ as variables, and is a variable that does not depend on the duty ratio D and monotonously increases as the phase difference φ increases. The duty ratio D and the phase difference φ are control parameters designed to change within a range between predetermined upper and lower limit values.

  The equivalent inductance L can be defined on a simple equivalent circuit of the transformer 400 to which the primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204 and / or the secondary side magnetic coupling reactor 304 is connected. The equivalent inductance L is a combined inductance obtained by combining the leakage inductance of the primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204 and / or the leakage inductance of the secondary side magnetic coupling reactor and the leakage inductance of the transformer 400 in a simple equivalent circuit.

For example, the equivalent inductance L (secondary side conversion value L _EQ2 ) measured from the secondary side conversion circuit 30 side is:
L _EQ2 = 2L ₁ (1-k ₁ ) N ² + 2L ₂ (1-k ₂ ) + L _T2 (1-k _T ² )
... Formula 2
It can be expressed as.

L ₁ is the self-inductance of the primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204, k ₁ is the coupling coefficient of the primary side magnetic coupling reactor 204, N is the turns ratio of the transformer 400, and L ₂ is the secondary side magnetic coupling Reactor 304 self-inductance, k ₂ is a coupling coefficient of secondary side magnetic coupling reactor 304, L _T2 is a secondary side exciting inductance of transformer 400, and k _T is a coupling coefficient of transformer 400. If the second input / output port 60c or the fourth input / output port 60d is not used, there may be no leakage inductance represented by the first term or the second term in Equation 2.

  Incidentally, the transmission power P is adjusted by changing the phase difference φ by the control unit 50, but is affected by the duty ratio D as shown in Equation 1 and FIG. FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship among the transmission power P, the phase difference φ, and the duty ratio D. The transmission power P increases as the phase difference φ increases (φ11 <φ12 <φ13 <φ14). However, even if the phase difference φ is fixed to the same value, the transmission power P decreases as the duty ratio D increases when the duty ratio D is larger than 0.5 (= 50%). Is smaller than 0.5, it decreases as the duty ratio D decreases. FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example in which the duty ratio D at which the transmission power P is maximum is 50%.

  Therefore, even when the command value φo of the phase difference φ is changed so that the transmission power P converges to the target transmission power Po, the control unit 50 changes the transmission power P to the target transmission power depending on the command value Do of the duty ratio D. Po may not be adjusted accurately. Similarly, even if the control value 50 changes the command value φo of the phase difference φ so that the input / output value Y at a predetermined input / output port converges to the target value Yo, the control unit 50 depends on the command value Do of the duty ratio D. The input / output value Y may not be accurately adjusted to the target value Yo.

  For example, even if the phase difference φ is set as the upper limit value that maximizes the transmission power P, if the duty ratio D is not set appropriately, the transmission power P may decrease from the maximum value.

  Therefore, the control unit 50 detects the port voltage Va and the port voltage Vc, and appropriately sets the duty ratio D when the phase difference φ is the upper limit value. Note that the case where the phase difference φ is the upper limit value indicates a state where the power supply apparatus 101 is attempting to transmit the maximum amount of power (for example, power shortage at the transmission destination port).

  For example, when the phase difference φ is the upper limit value and the control unit 50 satisfies the relational expression of (detection voltage of the port voltage Va) <(target voltage of the port voltage Vc × (100 / α)), the duty ratio D is fixed to α. However, α is a duty ratio when the transmission power P is greater than 0 and less than 100, and becomes maximum. Note that α may be a duty ratio when η is maximized. η is the transmission efficiency of the transmission power P.

  In such a case, by fixing the duty ratio D, it is possible to prevent the transmission power P from being reduced from the maximum value.

  Here, a relational expression of (detected voltage of port voltage Va) <(target voltage of port voltage Vc × (100 / α)) and setting of the duty ratio D will be described with specific examples. For example, the detection voltage of the port voltage Va = 10 V and α = 25%.

  First, consider the case where the target voltage of the port voltage Vc = 4.0V.

  In this case, originally, the control unit 50 must set the duty ratio D to 40% (= (4.0 / 10) × 100). However, since the transmission power P becomes maximum at α = 25%, the transmission power P or the efficiency η cannot be maximized if the duty ratio D is set to 40%.

  Therefore, the control unit 50 sets the duty ratio D to α = 25 when the phase difference φ is the upper limit value and the detected voltage of the port voltage Va is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the port voltage Vc and 100 / α. %. Even if the duty ratio D is fixed to α = 25%, the detection voltage 2.5V (= 10V × 25%) of the port voltage Vc does not exceed the target voltage (4.0) of the port voltage Vc, and (port The relational expression of (the detection voltage of voltage Va) <(target voltage of port voltage Vc × 100 / α) is satisfied (∵10V <= 16V (= 4.0 × {100/25}))

  Therefore, if the above relational expression is satisfied, even if the control unit 50 fixes the duty ratio D to 25%, the circuit malfunctions (for example, the second input / output port 60c enters an overvoltage state, and the second input The transmission power P or the efficiency η can be maximized without causing a failure in the load connected to the output port 60c.

  Next, consider the case where the target voltage of the port voltage Vc is 2.0V.

  In this case, the relational expression is not satisfied (∵10V <= 8V (= 2.0 × {100/25})), and the detection voltage (2.5V) of the port voltage Vc is the target voltage (2 .0). For this reason, the control unit 50 cannot fix the duty ratio D to α = 25%.

  Therefore, when (the detected voltage of the port voltage Va) ≧ (target voltage of the port voltage Vc × 100 / α) is satisfied, the control unit 50 sets the duty ratio D to the PID calculated value.

  FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of the control unit 50 that calculates the PID calculation value. The control unit 50 includes a PID control unit 51 and the like. The calculated PID is, for example, a command value φo for the phase difference φ and a command value Do for the duty ratio D.

  The PID control unit 51 generates a command value φo of the phase difference φ for each switching period T for converging the port voltage of at least one of the primary port and the secondary port to the target voltage by PID control. A phase difference command value generation unit. For example, the phase difference command value generation unit of the PID control unit 51 performs the PID control based on the deviation between the target voltage of the port voltage Va and the detected voltage of the port voltage Va acquired by the sensor unit 70, thereby obtaining the deviation. A command value φo for converging to zero is generated every switching period T.

  The control unit 50 performs switching control of the primary side conversion circuit 20 and the secondary side conversion circuit 30 according to the command value φo generated by the PID control unit 51 so that the port voltage converges to the target voltage. The transmission power P determined by Equation 1 is adjusted.

  In addition, the PID control unit 51 sets the command value Do of the duty ratio D for converging the port voltage of at least one of the primary side port and the secondary side port to the target voltage by the PID control for each switching period T. A duty ratio command value generation unit. For example, the duty ratio command value generation unit of the PID control unit 51 performs the PID control based on the deviation between the target voltage of the port voltage Vc and the detected voltage of the port voltage Vc acquired by the sensor unit 70, thereby obtaining the deviation. A command value Do for causing the value to converge to zero is generated every switching period T.

  Note that the PID control unit 51 may include an on-time command value generation unit that generates a command value δo of the on-time δ instead of the command value Do of the duty ratio D.

  The PID control unit 51 adjusts the command value φo of the phase difference φ based on the integral gain I1, the differential gain D1, and the proportional gain P1, and based on the integral gain I2, the differential gain D2, and the proportional gain P2, the duty ratio D The command value Do is adjusted.

  Note that the relationship of port voltage Va × duty ratio D = port voltage Vc is established among the port voltage Va, the port voltage Vc, and the duty ratio D. Therefore, when it is desired to step down the constant port voltage Va (for example, 10V) and increase the port voltage Vc (for example, 1V to 5V), the duty ratio D may be increased (for example, 10% to 50%). ). Conversely, when it is desired to increase the port voltage Va (for example, 10V to 50V) by boosting a certain port voltage Vc (for example, 5V), the duty ratio D may be decreased (for example, 50% to 10%). %). That is, the PID control unit 51 boosts the control direction of the duty ratio D (the direction in which the duty ratio D is increased or decreased) by switching the control target (the first input / output port 60a or the second input / output port 60c). The case and the case of the step-down operation are reversed.

<Flowchart of Operation of Power Supply Device 101>
FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example of the power conversion method. The power conversion method in FIG. 6 is executed by the control unit 50.

  In step S10, the control unit 50 determines whether or not the phase difference φ is an upper limit value. When the phase difference φ is the upper limit value (YES), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S20. When the phase difference φ is not the upper limit value (NO), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S110.

  Based on the determination in step S10, the control unit 50 can determine whether or not the phase difference φ is set to a value that maximizes transmission power.

  In step S20, the control unit 50 determines whether the duty ratio D is 50% or less. When the duty ratio D is 50% or less (YES), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S30. When the duty ratio D is greater than 50% (NO), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S80.

  Based on the determination in step S20, the control unit 50 can determine whether the duty ratio D should be increased or decreased.

  In step S30, the control unit 50 sets α to a value obtained by adding the variable Δ to the current duty ratio D.

  In step S40, the control unit 50 determines whether α set in step S30 is greater than 50%. When α set in step S30 is larger than 50% (YES), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S50. When α set in step S30 is 50% or less (NO), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S60.

  Based on the determination in step S40, the control unit 50 can determine whether or not α set in step S30 should be forcibly fixed to 50%.

  In step S50, the control unit 50 forcibly fixes α set in step S30 to 50%.

  In step S60, the control unit 50 determines whether or not the detected voltage of the port voltage Va is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the port voltage Vc and 100 / α. When the detected voltage of the port voltage Va is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the port voltage Vc and 100 / α (YES), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S70. When the detected voltage of the port voltage Va is not less than the product of the target voltage of the port voltage Vc and 100 / α (NO), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S110. The determination formula in step S60 is derived from the relational expression of port voltage Va × duty ratio D = port voltage Vc.

  Based on the determination in step S60, the control unit 50 compares the relationship between the detected voltage of the port voltage Va and the target voltage of the port voltage Vc, and sets the duty ratio D to a fixed value (α) or calculates PID. Whether to set the value can be determined.

  In step S70, the control unit 50 sets the phase difference φ to the PID calculated value and the duty ratio D to α, and returns to step S10 again.

  In step S80, the control unit 50 sets α to a value obtained by subtracting the variable Δ from the current duty ratio D.

  In step S90, the control unit 50 determines whether α set in step S80 is smaller than 50%. When α set in step S80 is smaller than 50% (YES), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S100. When α set in step S80 is 50% or more (NO), the control unit 50 performs the process of step S60.

  Based on the determination in step S90, the control unit 50 can determine whether or not α set in step S80 should be forcibly fixed to 50%.

  In step S100, the control unit 50 forcibly fixes α set in step S80 to 50%.

  In step S110, the control unit 50 sets the phase difference φ to the PID calculated value and the duty ratio D to the PID calculated value, and returns to step S10 again. The control unit 50 continues the control as it is even if the duty ratio D is less than 50% or the duty ratio D exceeds 50%.

  As described above, the control unit 50 determines whether or not the phase difference φ is the upper limit value by the control in step S10, increases or decreases α by the control in step S20, and steps S30 to S50. And by the control from step S80 to step S100, it is determined whether or not α should be forcibly fixed. By the control at step S60, the detected voltage of the port voltage Va, the target voltage of the port voltage Vc, the magnitude of α Determine the relationship.

  Based on the determination result, the control unit 50 appropriately sets the duty ratio D to maximize the transmission power or efficiency.

  As mentioned above, although the power converter device and the power conversion method were demonstrated by the embodiment, this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. Various modifications and improvements, such as combinations and substitutions with part or all of other example embodiments, are possible within the scope of the present invention.

  For example, in the above-described embodiment, as an example of the switching element, a MOSFET that is a semiconductor element that performs an on / off operation is described. However, the switching element may be, for example, a voltage-controlled power element using an insulated gate such as IGBT or MOSFET, or a bipolar transistor.

  A power source may be connected to the fourth input / output port 60d.

  Further, the secondary side may be defined as the primary side, and the primary side may be defined as the secondary side.

  The present invention also provides power conversion that has at least three or more input / output ports and that can convert power between any two input / output ports among at least three or more input / output ports. Applicable to equipment. For example, the present invention can be applied to a power supply apparatus having a configuration in which any one of the four input / output ports illustrated in FIG. 1 is not provided.

20 Primary side conversion circuit 30 Secondary side conversion circuit 50 Control unit 60a First input / output port (first primary side port)
60b Third input / output port (secondary port)
60c Second input / output port (second primary port)
62b Secondary-side high-voltage power supply 62c Primary-side low-voltage power supply 101 Power supply (an example of a power converter)
400 Transformer U *, V * Upper arm / U *, / V * Lower arm

Claims (10)

A primary side circuit including a primary side voltage converter including a primary side coil and a primary side switching element and a plurality of primary side ports, and a secondary side voltage including a secondary side coil and a secondary side switching element comprises a secondary circuit and a converting unit and the secondary side port, in the power supply circuit, and the primary coil and the secondary coil are magnetically coupled, wherein the primary side of the primary circuit The transmission power transmitted between the primary side circuit and the secondary side circuit is adjusted by changing the phase difference between the switching of the switching element and the switching of the secondary side switching element of the secondary side circuit. And a power conversion method for changing a switching duty ratio of the primary side circuit or the secondary side circuit,
A determination step of determining whether or not the phase difference is an upper limit value of a designed predetermined range in a state where the power supply circuit is about to transmit the maximum power ;
The detected voltage of the first primary port is equal to the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α (where α is larger than 0 and smaller than 100, and the duty ratio when the transmission power is maximized) Determination step for determining whether or not the product is smaller than
Wherein the phase difference is the upper limit value, and the detection voltage of the first primary port, is smaller than the product between the target voltage and the 100 / alpha of the second primary port, said duty ratio And a fixing step of fixing to α. A determination step of determining whether the duty ratio is 50% or less;
An increasing step of increasing α when the duty ratio is 50% or less;
A determination step of determining whether or not the increased α is greater than 50%;
If the increased α is 50% or less, whether or not the detected voltage of the first primary port is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α The power conversion method according to claim 1, further comprising: A determination step of determining whether the duty ratio is 50% or less;
A decreasing step of decreasing α when the duty ratio is greater than 50%;
A determination step of determining whether or not the decreased α is smaller than 50%;
Whether the detected voltage of the first primary port is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α when the decreased α is 50% or more The power conversion method according to claim 1, further comprising:   The power conversion method according to claim 2, further comprising: a fixing step of fixing the increased α to 50% when the increased α is larger than 50%.   The power conversion method according to claim 3, further comprising: a fixing step of fixing the decreased α to 50% when the decreased α is smaller than 50%. A primary voltage conversion unit including a primary coil and a primary side switching element, a primary circuit comprising a plurality of primary ports, and
And the secondary side voltage converting unit including the primary-side coil magnetically coupled to the secondary side coil and the secondary-side switching element, and the secondary side port, Ru and a secondary circuit,
By changing the phase difference between the switching of the secondary side switching elements of the switching and the secondary circuit of the primary side switching element of the primary circuit, said primary circuit and said secondary circuit A control unit that controls transmission power transmitted between the first side circuit and the second side circuit, and a control unit that controls a switching duty ratio of the first side circuit or the second side circuit,
The control unit determines whether or not the phase difference is an upper limit value of a designed predetermined range in a state in which maximum power is transmitted .
The detected voltage of the first primary port is equal to the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α (where α is larger than 0 and smaller than 100, and the duty ratio when the transmission power is maximized) ) And less than the product,
When the phase difference is an upper limit value and the detection voltage of the first primary port is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α, the duty ratio is Power conversion device fixed to α. It is determined whether the duty ratio is 50% or less,
When the duty ratio is 50% or less, α is increased,
Determine whether the increased α is greater than 50%,
If the increased α is 50% or less, whether or not the detected voltage of the first primary port is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α The power converter according to claim 6 which judges. It is determined whether the duty ratio is 50% or less,
When the duty ratio is greater than 50%, α is decreased,
Determine whether the decreased α is less than 50%,
Whether the detected voltage of the first primary port is smaller than the product of the target voltage of the second primary port and 100 / α when the decreased α is 50% or more The power converter according to claim 6 which judges.   The power conversion device according to claim 7, wherein when the increased α is larger than 50%, the increased α is fixed to 50%. The power conversion device according to claim 8, wherein, when the reduced α is smaller than 50%, the reduced α is fixed to 50%.

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