JP5917238B2 - Slewing drive - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a turning drive device that drives a turning mechanism of an excavator.

  In general, a shovel that performs excavation work or the like is provided with a swivel body, and a boom, an arm, and a bucket for performing the excavation work are provided on the swivel body. By rotating the revolving structure, the bucket is moved to an arbitrary position around the shovel. An electric motor may be used as a drive source of a turning drive device for turning the turning body. Driving the turning body with the turning electric motor is called electric turning.

  The output shaft of the turning electric motor is connected to the input shaft of the turning mechanism via a turning speed reducer. As a turning electric motor, an electric motor having a high rotational speed is used in order to achieve a small size and a high output, and therefore, a planetary gear mechanism having a large reduction ratio is often used as a turning reduction gear.

  Further, when the electric motor for turning is not driven, the electric motor for turning is in a state where it can freely rotate, so it is necessary to mechanically brake and fix the turning body. For this reason, a brake device (called a mechanical brake) that mechanically brakes the output shaft of the turning speed reducer is often provided in the vicinity of the turning speed reducer.

JP 2008-232270 A

  For example, in the turning drive device in which the turning speed reducer and the mechanical brake disclosed in Patent Document 1 are incorporated, the same lubricating oil is commonly used as the lubricating oil for the turning speed reducer and the lubricating oil for the mechanical brake. Here, if the rotation speed of the turning electric motor is large, the gear of the turning speed reducer also rotates at a high speed, and the amount of heat generated in the turning speed reducer increases. Thereby, a turning reduction gear becomes high temperature and lubricating oil also becomes high temperature.

  As described above, if a common lubricant oil is used for the swivel reducer and the mechanical brake, if the swirl reducer lubricating oil becomes hot, the mechanical brake lubricant also becomes hot, and the mechanical brake may not be sufficiently cooled. . The brake performance of the mechanical brake depends on temperature, and when the mechanical brake itself becomes high temperature, the brake performance deteriorates.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a turning drive device in which both the lubricating oil for the turning speed reducer and the lubricating oil for the mechanical brake do not reach high temperatures.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a turning drive device for driving a swivel body of a shovel, a speed reducer that decelerates and transmits an output of a drive source, and a wet brake that applies a brake to an output shaft of the speed reducer. The gear of the speed reducer is disposed in a gear space formed inside a component part of the speed reducer, and the disk of the wet brake is disposed in a wet brake space formed outside the component part. The lubricating oil that is disposed and supplied to the wet brake space cools the lubricating oil filled in the gear space via the components of the speed reducer, and the components of the speed reducer The gear case to be accommodated and the output shaft of the speed reducer, and the heat of the lubricating oil in the gear space moves to the lubricating oil flowing in the wet brake space through the gear case and the output shaft. Special Swing drive system is provided to.

  In the above-described turning drive device, it is preferable that hydraulic oil discharged from a main pump that is rotationally driven by an engine is used as the lubricating oil. It is preferable that the wet brake space in which the brake component of the wet brake is accommodated and the gear space in which the gear of the reduction gear is accommodated are separated. The speed reducer may be disposed between the electric motor constituting the drive source and the wet brake. The wet brake may include a brake plate, and the brake plate may be spline-engaged with the output shaft of the speed reducer. A disc spring may be used as a spring for pressing the brake plate of the wet brake.

  According to the above-mentioned invention, the lubricant oil of the speed reducer can be kept confined to the speed reducer, and the cooled lubricant oil can be supplied to the wet brake to efficiently cool the speed reducer and the wet brake.

It is a side view of the shovel in which the turning drive device by one Embodiment of this invention is integrated. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the drive system of the shovel shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the turning drive device by one Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing of the part which comprises a turning reduction gear and a mechanical brake. It is sectional drawing of the part which comprises a turning reduction gear and a mechanical brake. It is sectional drawing of the part which comprises a turning reduction gear and a mechanical brake. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the turning drive device provided with the 2nd stage turning reduction gear. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the drive system of the shovel provided with the cooling pump.

  First, an overall configuration of a shovel incorporating a turning drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention and a configuration of a drive system will be described. FIG. 1 is a side view showing an excavator incorporating a turning drive device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

  An upper swing body 3 is mounted on a lower traveling body 1 of the shovel shown in FIG. A boom 4 is attached to the upper swing body 3. An arm 5 is attached to the tip of the boom 4, and a bucket 6 is attached to the tip of the arm 5. The boom 4, the arm 5, and the bucket 6 are hydraulically driven by a boom cylinder 7, an arm cylinder 8, and a bucket cylinder 9, respectively. The upper swing body 3 is provided with a cabin 10 and is mounted with a power source such as an engine.

  The excavator shown in FIG. 1 is an excavator having a power storage device that accumulates electric power to be supplied to the turning drive device. However, if the excavator adopts electric turning, for example, electric drive in which charging power is supplied from an external power source. The present invention can also be applied to an excavator.

  FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the drive system of the shovel shown in FIG.

  In FIG. 2, the mechanical power system is indicated by a double line, the high-pressure hydraulic line is indicated by a solid line, the pilot line is indicated by a broken line, and the electric drive / control system is indicated by a solid line.

  An engine 11 as a mechanical drive unit and a motor generator 12 as an assist drive unit are respectively connected to two input shafts of a transmission 13. A main pump 14 and a pilot pump 15 are connected to the output shaft of the transmission 13 as hydraulic pumps. A control valve 17 is connected to the main pump 14 via a high pressure hydraulic line 16. An operation device 26 is connected to the pilot pump 15 via a pilot line 25.

  The control valve 17 is a control device that controls a hydraulic system in the hybrid excavator. The hydraulic motors 1A (for right) and 1B (for left), the boom cylinder 7, the arm cylinder 8, and the bucket cylinder 9 for the lower traveling body 1 are connected to the control valve 17 via a high-pressure hydraulic line.

  The motor generator 12 is connected to a power storage system (power storage device) 120 including a capacitor as a battery via an inverter 18A. The electric storage system 120 is connected to a turning electric motor 21 as an electric work element via an inverter 20. A resolver 22 and a turning speed reducer 24 are connected to the rotating shaft 21 </ b> A of the turning electric motor 21. A mechanical brake 23 is connected to the output shaft 24 </ b> A of the turning speed reducer 24. The turning electric motor 21, the resolver 22, the mechanical brake 23, and the turning speed reducer 24 constitute a turning drive device 40 as a load drive system. Here, the turning electric motor 21 corresponds to a turning electric motor for driving the upper turning body 3 to turn, and the mechanical brake 23 corresponds to a brake device that mechanically brakes the upper turning body 3.

  The operating device 26 includes a lever 26A, a lever 26B, and a pedal 26C. The lever 26A, the lever 26B, and the pedal 26C are connected to the control valve 17 and the pressure sensor 29 via hydraulic lines 27 and 28, respectively. The pressure sensor 29 is connected to a controller 30 that performs drive control of the electric system.

  The controller 30 is a control device as a main control unit that performs drive control of the hybrid excavator. The controller 30 is configured by an arithmetic processing unit including a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and an internal memory, and is realized by the CPU executing a drive control program stored in the internal memory.

  The controller 30 converts the signal supplied from the pressure sensor 29 into a speed command, and performs drive control of the turning electric motor 21. The signal supplied from the pressure sensor 29 corresponds to a signal indicating an operation amount when the operation device 26 is operated to turn the turning mechanism 2.

  The controller 30 performs operation control (switching between electric (assist) operation or power generation operation) of the motor generator 12 and also performs charge / discharge control of the capacitor by drivingly controlling the step-up / down converter of the power storage system 120. Based on the charging state of the capacitor, the operation state of the motor generator 12 (electric (assist) operation or power generation operation), and the operation state of the turning motor 21 (power running operation or regenerative operation), the controller 30 Switching control between the step-up / step-down operation of the step-up / step-down converter is performed, thereby performing charge / discharge control of the capacitor. The controller 30 also controls the amount of charging (charging current or charging power) of the capacitor as will be described later.

  The rotational speed (angular speed ω) of the turning electric motor 21 is detected by the resolver 22. Further, the angle of the boom 4 (boom angle θB) is detected by a boom angle sensor 7B such as a rotary encoder provided on the support shaft of the boom 4. The controller 30 obtains estimated turning regenerative power (energy) by calculation based on the angular velocity ω of the turning electric motor 21. Then, the controller 30 obtains a predicted regeneration target value of the SOC by calculation based on the estimated turning regenerative power obtained by calculation. The controller 30 controls each part of the hybrid excavator so as to bring the SOC of the capacitor 19 close to the calculated expected regeneration target value.

  In the work by the hybrid excavator having the above-described configuration, the turning electric motor 21 is driven by the electric power supplied via the inverter 20 in order to drive the upper turning body 3 to turn. The rotational force of the output shaft 21 </ b> A of the turning electric motor 21 is transmitted to the output shaft 40 </ b> A of the turning drive device 40 via the turning speed reducer 24 and the mechanical brake 23.

  FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the turning drive device 40 according to the embodiment of the present invention. As described above, the turning drive device 40 includes the turning electric motor 21 that is an electric motor as a drive source. A planetary speed reducer is connected to the output shaft side of the turning electric motor 21 as the turning speed reducer 24. A disk brake as a mechanical brake 23 is provided on the output shaft of the turning speed reducer 24 (planetary speed reducer). The output shaft of the turning speed reducer 24 (planetary speed reducer) is the output shaft 40A of the turning drive device 40. Although not shown, the output shaft 40A of the turning drive device 40 is connected to the turning mechanism 2, and the turning mechanism 2 is driven by the rotational force of the output shaft 40A.

  FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion constituting the turning speed reducer 24 and the mechanical brake 23 in the turning drive device 40. In the present embodiment, the planetary reduction gear sun gear 42 constituting the turning reduction gear 24 is fixed to the output shaft 21 </ b> A of the turning electric motor 21. The sun gear 42 is engaged with a plurality of planetary gears 44. Each of the planetary gears 44 is rotatably supported by a carrier 46 that constitutes an output shaft of a turning speed reducer (planetary speed reducer). Each planetary gear 44 meshes with an internal gear 48 formed on the inner surface of the gear case 50.

  The gear case 50 in which the internal gear 48 is formed is fixed to the end plate 21a of the turning electric motor 21 and cannot rotate by itself. On the other hand, the carrier 46 constituting the output shaft is rotatably supported via a bearing 56 with respect to the end case 54 fixed to the gear case 50 with the brake case 52 interposed therebetween.

  In the planetary speed reducer configured as described above, when the output shaft 21A of the turning electric motor 21 rotates and the sun gear 42 rotates, the planetary gear 44 rotates (spins). The planetary gear 44 meshes with an internal gear 48 formed on the inner surface of the gear case 50, and the gear case 50 formed with the internal gear 48 attempts to rotate by the rotational force of the planetary gear 44. However, since the gear case 5 is fixed to the end plate 21a of the turning electric motor 21, it cannot rotate. As a result, the carrier 46 that is rotatably supported by itself while supporting the planetary gear 44 rotates. Due to the gear action as described above, the rotation of the output shaft 21A of the turning electric motor 21 is decelerated and output from the carrier 46.

  Next, the structure of the disc brake constituting the mechanical brake 23 will be described. The disc brake is formed between a brake case 52 as a fixed portion and a carrier 46 as an output shaft. A brake disc 60 extends from the outer periphery of the carrier 46 toward the outer side. The brake disk 60 cannot be rotated with respect to the carrier 46, but is connected to the carrier 46 through a connection structure such as a spline connection, for example, while being movable in the direction of the rotation axis of the carrier 46.

  Brake pads 62 are arranged on both upper and lower sides of the brake disc 60. The brake pad 62 cannot rotate with respect to the brake case 52 that is a fixed portion, but is movable in the direction of the rotation axis of the carrier 46, and the inner surface of the brake case 50 is connected via a connection structure such as a spline connection. Connected to the side. On the upper brake pad 62, a piston 64 is arranged in a state movable in the direction of the rotation axis of the carrier 46. The piston 64 is pressed by the spring 66 and is always pressed against the upper brake pad 62. In the present embodiment, a coil spring is used as the spring 66, but a multistage disc spring that can obtain a high output with a small displacement can also be used.

  Since the brake pad 62 and the brake disc 60 are movable in the direction of the rotation axis of the carrier 46, when the upper brake pad 62 is pressed by the piston 64, the brake disc 60 is sandwiched between the upper and lower brake pads 60. Pressed. The brake pad 62 and the surface of the disc brake 60 are covered with a film having a large friction coefficient, and the disc brake 60 is sandwiched between and pressed by the brake pad 62, so that the braking force that tries to prevent the disc brake 60 from rotating. Acts on the disc brake 60. Since the disc brake 60 is connected so as not to rotate with respect to the carrier 46, the braking force acting on the disc brake 60 becomes the braking force applied to the carrier 46.

  A hydraulic space 68 capable of supplying hydraulic oil is formed between the piston 64 and the brake case 52, and a brake release port 70 is connected to the hydraulic space 68. When the hydraulic pressure is supplied from the control valve 17 to the hydraulic space 68 via the brake release port 70, the piston 64 is pushed up by the hydraulic pressure, and the force for pressing the brake pad 62 disappears, and the brake is released.

  The above-described disc brake is a so-called wet disc brake, and a space (referred to as a wet brake space) in which the brake disc 60 and the brake pad 62 are accommodated is filled with hydraulic oil.

  On the other hand, in the planetary speed reducer, a space (referred to as a gear space) that accommodates the meshing portion of the sun gear 42, the planetary gear 44, and the internal gear 48 is filled with lubricating oil to smooth the meshing of the gear. Has been.

  The above-described lubricating oil in the gear space absorbs heat during operation of the gear and becomes high temperature. On the other hand, the hydraulic oil in the wet brake space absorbs frictional heat only when the brake is operated, and does not become as hot as the lubricating oil in the gear space. However, when the lubricating oil in the gear space and the hydraulic oil in the wet brake space are mixed, the temperature of the hydraulic oil in the wet brake space also becomes high.

  Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the oil seal 72 is disposed between the lower portion of the internal gear 48 of the gear case 50 and the outer peripheral surface of the carrier 46, so that the gear space and the wet state are arranged. The brake space is separated from each other so that the lubricating oil in the gear space does not flow into the wet brake space.

  In this embodiment, the hydraulic oil is discharged from the wet brake space while supplying the cooled hydraulic oil to the wet brake space, thereby creating a flow of the hydraulic oil in the wet brake space and always operating in the wet brake space. The temperature of the oil is maintained at a low temperature. Since the wet brake space is separated from the gear space by the gear case 50 and the oil seal 72, the lubricating oil in the gear space can be obtained by flowing the hydraulic oil in the wet brake space while being in contact with the gear case 50 and the oil seal 72. Can be cooled.

  In order to form the flow of hydraulic oil as described above, in this embodiment, an upper hydraulic fluid circulation port 74 that communicates with a portion where the spring 66 is disposed in the wet brake space is provided in the upper portion of the gear case 50. . Further, a lower hydraulic oil circulation port 76 communicating with a lower space where the disc brake 60 is disposed is provided in the end case 54. Further, a lower hydraulic oil circulation 78 that communicates with a space below the portion where the disc brake 60 is disposed is provided in the end case 54 opposite to the lower operation supply port 76.

  Here, the flow of hydraulic oil in the wet brake space will be described. The hydraulic oil supplied to the wet brake space may have a function of assisting the operation of the disc brake and cooling the disc brake. As this hydraulic oil, for example, hydraulic oil used in a hydraulic circuit of an excavator can be used. For example, hydraulic fluid discharged from the pilot pump 15 can be supplied to the wet brake space. The hydraulic oil in the tank sucked by the pilot pump 15 is a low-temperature hydraulic oil cooled by an oil cooler or the like before being returned to the tank. In this case, the low temperature hydraulic oil in the tank may be supplied to the wet brake space as it is. Alternatively, an oil cooler may be provided between the tank and the wet brake space to cool the hydraulic oil supplied to the wet brake space. In any case, it is desirable that the hydraulic oil supplied to the wet brake space is a cooled low-temperature hydraulic oil.

  In the example shown in FIG. 4, the working oil is supplied to the wet brake space via the upper working oil circulation port 74 provided at the top of the gear case 50. The hydraulic fluid supplied from the upper hydraulic fluid circulation port 74 flows through the space in which the spring 66 is accommodated, flows into the space in which the brake disk 60 is accommodated, and is discharged from the lower hydraulic oil circulation port 78 provided in the end case 54. Is done.

  Here, the outer wall surface of the gear case 50 that forms a space in which the spring 66 is accommodated is a surface on the opposite side of the portion where the internal gear 48 is formed, and is a wall surface along the gear space. When the low temperature hydraulic oil discharged from the pilot pump 15 passes through the wall surface, the hydraulic oil absorbs heat transferred from the gear space to the gear case 50. Thereby, the gear and the lubricating oil in the gear space are cooled. In this way, by supplying the low temperature hydraulic oil to the wet brake space, the planetary speed reducer is cooled and transmission loss due to the gears can be reduced, and overheating of the turning drive device can be prevented.

  In the example shown in FIG. 5, the hydraulic oil is supplied from a lower hydraulic oil circulation port 76 provided in the end case 54, flows through the space in which the brake disk 60 is accommodated, and flows into the space in which the spring 66 is accommodated. The planetary speed reducer is cooled by this hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil is finally discharged from the lower hydraulic oil circulation port 78 provided in the end case 54.

  In the example shown in FIG. 6, the hydraulic oil is supplied from a lower hydraulic oil circulation port 78 provided in the end case 54, flows through the space in which the brake disk 60 is accommodated, and flows into the space in which the spring 66 is accommodated. The planetary speed reducer is cooled by the hydraulic oil, and the hydraulic oil is finally discharged from the upper hydraulic oil circulation port 74 provided in the gear case 50.

  In the configuration of the turning drive device 40 shown in FIG. 3, the carrier 46 serving as the output shaft of the turning reducer 24 (planetary reducer) corresponds to the output shaft 40A of the turning drive device 40. In the example, a second-stage turning speed reducer 24-2 may be provided after the turning speed reducer 24-1). FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a turning drive device 40-1 provided with a second-stage turning speed reducer. The second stage planetary speed reducer 24-2 is assembled to the first stage rotational speed reducer 24-1 with a mechanical brake 23 (disc brake) interposed therebetween. The output shaft of the second stage planetary speed reducer 24-2 becomes the output shaft 40A of the turning drive unit 40-1.

  Specifically, for example, as shown in part in FIG. 4, the sun gear 80 is attached to the tip of the shaft of the carrier 46, and the planetary gear 84 is driven between the sun gear 80 and the internal gear 82. As described above, the second stage turning speed reducer (planetary speed reducer) 24-2 may be configured to obtain a large reduction ratio.

  In the above-described embodiment, the hydraulic oil discharged from the pilot pump 15 is supplied to the turning speed reducer 24. However, a cooling pump 90 may be provided as a pump for supplying the working oil to the turning speed reducer 24. FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a drive system of an excavator provided with a cooling pump 90.

  As shown in FIG. 8, the cooling pump 90 is disposed between the main pump 14 and the pilot pump 15, and when the main pump 14 rotates, the cooling pump 90 also rotates. The cooling hydraulic oil supply line 92 connected to the discharge port of the cooling pump 90 is connected to the upper hydraulic oil circulation port 74 or the lower hydraulic oil circulation ports 76 and 78 of the turning speed reducer 24. Accordingly, the hydraulic oil discharged from the cooling pump 90 is supplied to the wet brake space formed between the gear case 50 and the brake case 52 of the swivel reducer 24 through the cooling hydraulic oil supply line 92. The gear case 50 is cooled by the hydraulic oil, and the brake in the wet brake space is lubricated and cooled. The hydraulic oil supplied to the turning speed reducer 24 is discharged from the cooling hydraulic oil discharge line 94, cooled by an oil cooler (not shown), and then returned to the tank.

  By providing the cooling pump 90, it is possible to reliably supply the hydraulic oil to a narrow space where the hydraulic oil does not easily flow. Thereby, it is possible to prevent the turning speed reducer 24 from becoming high temperature.

  The hydraulic oil for turning ON / OFF the mechanical brake 23 (disc brake) is supplied from the pilot pump 15.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Lower traveling body 1A, 1B Hydraulic motor 2 Turning mechanism 3 Upper turning body 4 Boom 5 Arm 6 Bucket 7 Boom cylinder 7A Hydraulic piping 7B Boom angle sensor 8 Arm cylinder 9 Bucket cylinder 10 Cabin 11 Engine 12 Motor generator 13 Transmission 14 Main pump 15 Pilot pump 16 High pressure hydraulic line 17 Control valve 18, 18A, 18B, 20 Inverter 19 Capacitor
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 21 Electric motor for turning 21A Output shaft 21a End plate 22 Resolver 23 Mechanical brake 24, 24-1, 24-2 Turning reduction gear 25 Pilot line 26 Operating device 26A, 26B Lever 26C Pedal 26D Button switch 27 Hydraulic line 28 Hydraulic line 29 Pressure Sensor 30 Controller 40, 40-1 Swivel drive device 42, 80 Sun gear 44, 84 Planetary gear 46 Carrier 48, 82 Internal gear 50 Gear case 52 Brake case 54 End case 56 Bearing 60 Brake disk 62 Brake pad 64 Piston 66 Spring 68 Hydraulic space 70 Brake release port 72 Oil seal 74 Upper hydraulic oil flow port 76, 78 Lower hydraulic oil flow port 90 Cooling pump 92 Cooling hydraulic oil supply line 94却用 hydraulic oil discharge line 120 capacitor system

Claims (6)

A swivel drive device that drives a swivel of a shovel,
A decelerator that decelerates and transmits the output of the drive source;
A wet brake that brakes the output shaft of the speed reducer,
The gear of the speed reducer is disposed in a gear space formed inside a component of the speed reducer,
The wet brake disc is disposed in a wet brake space formed outside the component;
The lubricating oil supplied to the wet brake space cools the lubricating oil filled in the gear space via the components of the speed reducer ,
The components of the speed reducer are a gear case that houses the gear and the output shaft of the speed reducer, and the heat of the lubricating oil in the gear space is transferred to the wet through the gear case and the output shaft. A turning drive device characterized by moving to lubricating oil flowing in a brake space . The swivel drive device according to claim 1,
A turning drive device used as lubricating oil for supplying hydraulic oil discharged from a main pump driven to rotate by an engine to the wet brake space. The swivel drive device according to claim 1 or 2,
The swivel drive device in which the wet brake space in which the brake parts of the wet brake are accommodated and the gear space in which the gears of the speed reducer are accommodated are separated by the components of the speed reducer. The turning drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
The speed reducer is a turning drive device disposed between the electric motor constituting the drive source and the wet brake. It is a turning drive device as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 4, Comprising:
The wet brake has a brake plate,
The turning drive device in which the brake plate is spline-engaged with the output shaft of the speed reducer. It is a turning drive device as described in any one of Claims 1 thru | or 5, Comprising:
A turning drive device using a disc spring as a spring for pressing the brake plate of the wet brake.

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