JP5914143B2 - Daylight lighting device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a daylight illumination device that illuminates a room using sunlight, and is suitable for, for example, illuminating a room through a ceiling surface.

  Examples of such daylight illumination apparatuses include those described in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 below. Among these, the daylight illumination device described in the following Patent Document 1 holds a plurality of slats constituting a blind with a ladder, adjusts the inclination angle of each slat with the ladder, and the sunlight reflected on the slats, The upper slat is directed toward the ceiling at the back of the room, and the lower slat is directed toward the ceiling by the window. Moreover, the daylight illumination device described in Patent Document 2 below includes square-shaped transparent members made of a transparent material arranged in the vertical direction at the window, so that sunlight refracted and reflected by each transparent member is indoors. It is intended to irradiate the ceiling.

Japanese Patent No. 3700098 JP 2009-266794 A

However, in the daylight illumination device described in Patent Document 1, a so-called blind is always down even though the room can be illuminated, and the view from the window is lost. On the other hand, in the daylight illumination device described in Patent Document 2, while the room is illuminated, the view from the window can be obtained in a see-through state to some extent, but the view is striped by refracted and reflected sunlight. .
The present invention has been made paying attention to the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a daylight illumination device that illuminates a room while ensuring a view.

In order to solve the above-described problems, a daylight illumination device according to the present invention includes a transparent plate member disposed on the indoor side of a window, a plurality of through holes formed in the plate member, and inner reflection of the through holes. It is characterized by having a surface.
The reflecting surface may be configured to totally reflect sunlight incident on the through hole or metal deposition depending on the relationship between the refractive index of the transparent plate and the inclination angle of the through hole.

Further, the through hole has a shape in which two paraboloids sharing a focal point are connected in an X shape, and in order to increase the amount of sunlight incident on the through hole, the symmetry axis of the paraboloid on the outdoor side is set. It is characterized by tilting upward.
In order to illuminate the room in a well-balanced manner, the axis of symmetry of the radiation surface on the indoor side of the through hole is directed to a position where it is desired to irradiate sunlight incident on the through hole.

Thus, according to the daylight illumination device of the present invention, a large number of through holes are formed in the transparent plate member arranged on the indoor side of the window, and the outdoor side of the through holes is adjusted to the solar altitude of sunlight to be captured. The surface of the through-hole is a reflective surface, and the interior side of the through-hole is a parabolic surface of the symmetrical axis facing the ceiling where you want to illuminate with the reflected sunlight. The through hole surface is a reflective surface. Therefore, sunlight is reflected by the reflective surface of the surface of the through hole and irradiates a specific portion of the indoor ceiling. Moreover, since the through hole is formed in the transparent plate member and is only reflected on the surface in the through hole, the view from the window is not impaired.
Moreover, in order to increase the amount of reflection at the surface in the through hole, it is possible to form a coating with a reflective surface by metal vapor deposition. The reflective layer formed by metal vapor deposition is thin and does not impair the view from the window.

It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view of schematic structure which shows one Embodiment of the daylight illumination apparatus of this invention. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the detailed structure of the daylight illumination device of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the daylight illumination apparatus of FIG. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the modification of the daylight illumination apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the modification of the daylight illumination apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the modification of the daylight illumination apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the modification of the daylight illumination apparatus of this invention. It is explanatory drawing of an effect | action of the modification of the daylight illumination apparatus of this invention.

Next, an embodiment of a daylight illumination device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view showing a schematic configuration example of the daylight illumination device of the present embodiment. In the present embodiment, three transparent plate members 1 made of acrylic resin having a width of 300 mm and a thickness of 6 mm are arranged in the width direction, and are arranged so as to be suspended in the order in which they are arranged from the upper part on the indoor side of the window 2. The length of the plate member 1 is about the width of the window 2. As will be described later, the daylight illumination device of the present embodiment reflects and irradiates sunlight to the ceiling 3 through a through-hole formed in the plate member 1. The width of the plate member 1 is set to 300 mm as a result of carrying around and installation workability. In the present embodiment, it is assumed that there is a pedestrian in front of the window 2, and the installation of the plate member 1 is arranged above the window 2. Specifically, the height of the window 2 of the present embodiment is set to 2.7 m above the floor, and a transparent plate member is suspended from the upper third of the window 2. This is because it is considered that the sunlight reflected by the pedestrian is blocked or the reflected sunlight becomes glare (dazzle) of the pedestrian.

  A large number of small through holes 4 as shown in FIG. 2 are formed in the plate member 1. These through holes 4 are preferably small in size and large in number, and are shown in FIG. 2 as having an outer diameter of about 3 to 4 mm. FIG. 2 shows a state in which sunlight from the left side of the figure is reflected to the right side of the figure. The outer reflection surface 5 and the inner reflection surface 6 of the through hole 4 are largely open on the front and back surfaces of the plate member 1, respectively. The outer reflecting surface 5 is a part of the parabolic surface inclined to the incident angle of the sunlight to be taken in the symmetry axis, that is, the angle corresponding to the solar altitude, and the inner reflecting surface 6 is applied to the ceiling to be irradiated with the reflected sunlight. Part of a paraboloid with the axis of symmetry. The through-hole 4 is configured such that the outer reflection surface 5 and the inner reflection surface 6 are connected so that the light reflected through the focal point among the light reflected by the outer reflection surface 5 is irradiated to the inner reflection surface 6. Both the outer reflecting surface 5 and the inner reflecting surface constituting the through hole 4 are devised so as to reflect sunlight. As an example of a devised method, the material of the plate member 1 is a material having a large refractive index such as acrylic, or a reflective layer is added by metal vapor deposition such as chromium or silver. In metal vapor deposition, since a thin reflective layer can be added, the transparency of the plate member 1 can be maintained, and the view from the window is not impaired. In addition, a metal is deposited by providing a mask on the front and back surfaces of the plate member 1 so that the metal is not deposited on portions other than the through holes 4. In addition, as will be described later, the outer reflective surface 5 and the inner reflective surface 6 of the through-hole 4 are each opened from the front and back sides of the plate member 1 on one side because the front and back sides of the plate member 1 are greatly opened. Do it one by one.

  The outer reflecting surface 5 is configured by a parabolic surface having a symmetrical axis having a tilt angle set in advance according to the solar altitude of sunlight to be captured. The parabolic surface constituting the outer reflective surface 5 is set so that the incident direction of sunlight, that is, the outdoor side is greatly opened. Since the light reflected by the paraboloid passes through the focal point of the paraboloid, it is used for a parabolic antenna, a reflective telescope, and the like. For example, the inclination angle setting with respect to the horizontal plane of the symmetry axis of the paraboloid constituting the outer reflecting surface 5 is the same as the assumed solar altitude. 2A shows a case where the solar altitude of sunlight to be captured is 60 °, FIG. 2B is 45 °, and FIG. 2C is 30 °. 60 ° is the solar altitude around 10:00 and 14:00 on the summer solstice at 35 ° N latitude (Tokyo, etc.), 30 ° is the solar altitude around 11:00 and 13:00 on the winter solstice, and 45 ° is 10 on the spring and autumn. The solar altitude at around 14:00 and 14:00. By varying the inclination of the axis of symmetry, the time during which sunlight can be efficiently introduced into the room can be increased.

One inner reflection surface 6 is a part of a parabolic surface having an axis of symmetry inclined toward the ceiling position where the reflected sunlight is desired to be irradiated. The paraboloid constituting the inner reflection surface is set so that the emission direction of the reflected light, that is, the indoor side is greatly opened. The axis of symmetry of the paraboloid constituting the inner reflection surface 6 is inclined so as to be directed to the ceiling position to be irradiated with the reflected light of the sunlight incident on the inner reflection surface 6. In this embodiment, the indoor ceiling irradiation position of the reflected sunlight was set to three places (A, B, C). Therefore, the following nine types of characteristics are required for the through hole 4. As an example of A, B, and C, three locations of 3.5 m, 5 m, and 7 m from the window surface can be considered.
1) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 60 ° and the symmetry axis of the inner reflection surface 6 faces A. 2) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 60 ° and the symmetry axis of the inner reflection surface 6 is A. 3) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 60 ° and the symmetry axis of the inner reflection surface 6 is A. 4) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 45 ° and the symmetry axis of the inner reflection surface 6 5) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 45 ° and the symmetry axis of the inner reflection surface 6 is towards B. 6) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 45 ° and the inner reflection surface 6 The symmetry axis faces B. 7) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 30 ° and the symmetry axis of the inner reflection surface 6 faces C. 8) The inclination of the symmetry axis of the outer reflection surface 5 is 30 ° and the inner reflection surface. 6) The axis of symmetry of 6 faces C. 9) The inclination of the axis of symmetry of the outer reflecting surface 5 is 30 ° and the axis of symmetry of the inner reflecting surface 6 faces C.

  Among these, Fig.3 (a) shows that the sunlight reflected by the through-hole 4 in case the solar altitude is high has irradiated three places of the ceiling. FIG. 3B shows that the sunlight reflected by the through hole 4 when the solar altitude is medium illuminates three places on the ceiling. FIG.3 (c) shows that the sunlight reflected by the through-hole 4 in case the solar altitude is low has irradiated three places of the ceiling. As shown in FIG. 3, a single plate member 1 having only a through hole that reflects sunlight having a high solar altitude is suspended, or a plate member having only a through hole that reflects sunlight having a medium solar altitude. It is also possible to suspend one sheet 1 and use one plate member 1 having only a through hole that reflects sunlight with a low solar altitude. In these cases, it is desirable that the total number of through holes 4 is large as long as the transparency is not impaired.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the upper plate member 1 has through-holes 4 only on the outer reflecting surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 60 °, and the middle plate member 1 is the outer side whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 45 °. When the three plate members 1 are suspended by assuming that the lower plate member 1 has only the outer reflection surface through which the through-holes 4 are formed only on the reflection surface and the lower plate member 1 has an inclination of the symmetry axis of 30 °, As the process progresses, the plate member 1 that mainly reflects sunlight changes from bottom to top and from top to bottom. Even if the plate member 1 that mainly reflects sunlight changes, the illuminated ceiling portion does not change.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 5, a large number of through holes 4 in the upper part of the plate member 1 are through holes having an outer reflection surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 60 °, and a large number of through holes 4 in the middle are inclinations of the symmetry axis. 4 is a through-hole having an outer reflection surface of 45 °, and a large number of lower through-holes 4 are portions arranged as through-holes having an outer reflection surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 30 °, as shown in FIG. With the time, the plate member 1 that mainly reflects sunlight does not change, and the same effect can be obtained.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a large number of through-holes 4 at the top of the plate member 1 are through-holes having an outer reflection surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 60 ° and an inner reflection surface having a symmetry axis facing the ceiling A, A large number of through-holes 4 in the middle part are through-holes having an outer reflection surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 45 ° and an inner reflection surface having a symmetry axis facing the ceiling B, and a plurality of lower through-holes 4 are inclinations of the symmetry axis. If the through hole has an outer reflective surface of 30 ° and an inner reflective surface having an axis of symmetry directed toward the ceiling C, even if there are three types of through holes, sunlight is mainly generated with time as shown in FIG. The reflecting plate member 1 is not changed, and the same effect can be obtained.

  Further, as shown in FIG. 7, a large number of through holes 4 of the upper plate member 1 are through holes having an outer reflective surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 60 ° and an inner reflection surface having a symmetry axis facing the ceiling A, A large number of through-holes 4 in the middle plate member 1 are through-holes having an outer reflective surface whose inclination of the symmetry axis is 45 ° and an inner reflective surface having a symmetrical axis facing the ceiling B. The through-hole 4 is a through-hole having an outer reflection surface having a symmetry axis tilt of 30 ° and an inner reflection surface having a symmetry axis facing the ceiling C. When these three plate members 1 are suspended, the case of FIG. Similarly, the plate member 1 that mainly reflects sunlight changes from bottom to top and from top to bottom with the passage of time. Even if the plate member 1 that mainly reflects sunlight changes, the illuminated ceiling portion does not change. In this case, the changing method of the plate member 1 that mainly reflects sunlight can be changed by changing the installation order of the plate members as shown in FIG. In addition, it is also possible to adjust the irradiation range (B ′) of the reflected light to be slightly expanded or the irradiation position (C ′) to be slightly distant.

  When a large number of through holes 4 reflecting on the surface are arranged in the vertical direction of the transparent plate member 1 in this way, the depth of the upper through holes 4 exerts the effect of wrinkles, and between the through holes 4 adjacent in the vertical direction. Prevents direct sunlight through transparent areas. Therefore, by adjusting the dimension between the upper and lower through holes 4, it is possible to prevent direct sunlight that is likely to be a glare source from passing through the transparent portion, and it is possible to prevent becoming a glare source. Further, since the diffused light can be taken in the transparent portion between the through holes 4, a view can be ensured.

  Further, in order to prevent glare even when a resident in the room looks up at the plate member 1, among the through holes 4 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction, the lower end on the outdoor side of the upper through hole 4 and the lower through hole 4. The line connecting the indoor upper ends is inclined with respect to the horizontal. If the line segment connecting the viewpoint of the occupant in the back of the room and the plate member 1 is 20 ° with respect to the horizontal, the line segment connecting the outdoor lower end of the upper through hole 4 and the indoor upper end of the lower through hole 4 is horizontal. And an angle of 20 ° or less. From this relationship, the distance between the vertically adjacent through holes 4 is determined. Moreover, all the distances between the through holes 4 adjacent to each other in the vertical direction are constant. Thereby, regularity is perceived, the presence of the through hole 4 is reduced, and the view is easily obtained. For the same purpose, all the distances between the through holes 4 adjacent to the left and right are constant. Further, the distance between the through holes 4 adjacent to the left and right is set to be approximately equal to the distance between the through holes 4 adjacent to the upper and lower sides. The reason is that when the distance between the left and right sides of the through-hole 4 is different from the distance between the upper and lower sides, strength variation occurs and the plate member 1 is easily broken. The ratio of the number of through-holes 4 by type is the appearance ratio of the solar altitude that is the sunlight to be captured.

  As described above, in the daylight illumination device of the present embodiment, a large number of through holes 4 are formed in the transparent plate member 1 arranged on the indoor side of the window 2, and the sun of sunlight that the outdoor side of the through holes 4 is to be taken in. It consists of a parabolic surface with a symmetric axis having an inclination corresponding to the altitude, the surface of the through hole is a reflecting surface, and the indoor side of the through hole 4 is a symmetric axis parabola facing the ceiling position to be illuminated with reflected sunlight. The surface of the through hole is a reflecting surface. Thereby, sunlight is reflected by the outer reflecting surface 5 or the inner reflecting surface 6 of the through hole 4 and irradiates the ceiling 3 in the room. Moreover, since the through-hole 4 is formed in the transparent plate member 1 and only reflected by the surface in the through-hole 4, diffused light can be taken in from a transparent part. By suppressing the irregular reflection in the plate member 1, the view from the window is not impaired. Further, since diffused light is also taken in, a non-uniform luminance distribution in which a high luminance portion is locally generated does not occur, and the visual impression in the room does not become dark. Further, supplementary light only for brightening the visual impression is unnecessary. Moreover, since the reflected direct sunlight is irradiated only on the ceiling or the floor near the window, no resident who feels glare appears.

Moreover, in order to increase the amount of reflection at the surface in the through hole, it is possible to form a coating with a reflective surface by metal vapor deposition. The reflective layer formed by metal vapor deposition is thin and does not impair the view from the window.
Note that the above-described solar altitude and ceiling irradiation position are not limited to those described above, and can be appropriately set according to the place where the daylight illumination device is installed.

1 is a plate member 2 is a window 3 is a ceiling 4 is a through hole 5 is an outer reflecting surface 6 is an inner reflecting surface

Claims (2)

A transparent plate member disposed on the indoor side of the window;
A number of through holes formed in the plate member;
An inner reflective surface of the through hole ;
The through hole has a shape in which two paraboloidal surfaces are connected in an X shape, and in order to increase the amount of sunlight incident on the through hole, the axis of symmetry of the paraboloid on the outdoor side is tilted upward, In order to use light efficiently, the axis of symmetry of the paraboloid on the outdoor side of the through hole is tilted upward from the horizontal to the same extent as the solar altitude of sunlight to be captured,
To illuminate the interior well-balanced, daylighting device according to claim Rukoto toward the symmetrical axis of the paraboloid of the indoor side of the through hole, the ceiling position desired to be irradiated with the reflected sunlight.   The daylight illumination device according to claim 1, wherein the reflection surface inside the through hole is a reflection surface that reflects only incident light having a critical angle or more, or a reflection surface added by metal vapor deposition.

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