JP5907942B2 - Electric heating means - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention is directed to the electric heating means described in the first stage of claim 1.

  Conventionally, it is known that graphite particles are embedded in a plastic molding material and used as a heating resistance. Furthermore, it is known to use carbon yarn as a heating conductor in a woven heating element. It is also known to provide a metal wire on the woven surface and use it as a heating element. It is known to coat metal wires with noble metals to prevent corrosion, but is expensive. Wire coating prevents wire corrosion, but electrically insulates the wire and causes relatively large corrosion damage to the holes. Furthermore, there is often a desire for wear resistance of the coating.

  Electric heating means are exposed to increasingly demanding safety requirements, high costs, and an increasing diversity of use cases. Therefore, there is a need for a technical solution that realizes as many of these requests as comprehensively as possible.

  Against this background, a technical idea having the features of claim 1 is proposed. Other advantageous configurations can be read from the other claims and the following specification. The contact means of such a heating means can be prevented from corrosion, can be easily contacted at a low cost, and becomes further fail-safe even when the coating is perforated.

  Details of the present invention will be described below. These details make the invention easier to understand, but are merely exemplary in nature. Of course, the individual feature or features described below may be deleted, modified or supplemented within the framework of the invention. Of course, the features of the different embodiments can be combined with each other. What is decisive is that the idea of the present invention has been substantially changed. Where a feature is at least partially realized, this includes that the feature is fully or substantially fully realized. “Substantial” means in particular that this conversion allows the desired use to be achieved to a discernible extent. This may especially mean that the feature is realized at least 50%, 90%, 95% or 99%. If a minimum amount is specified, this minimum amount can naturally be used. Unless explicitly stated otherwise, the quantitative ranges also include their neighborhoods.

It is a side view which shows the vehicle which has a heating means 44 in part longitudinal cross-section. It is a top view of the heating means of FIG. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a cut electrode conductor of the heating means of FIG. 2. FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a cut individual conductor of the electrode conductor of FIG. 3.

  The present invention relates to heating of at least one object 100 to be heated. This object specifically includes any object or surface that may be touched or frozen by humans, such as airplane wings, transmission equipment, refrigerators, household equipment, doors, windows, blankets, chaise longues, cushions, etc. Or here, aircraft, ships, land vehicles, railroads or internal equipment of the automobile 99 according to FIG. 1, for example steering means 101, steering wheel 102, instrument panel 103, armrest, door trim 105, seat mat, vehicle ceiling lining, cushion The skin, or the seat 110 as here.

  At least one object 100 to be heated has one or more surfaces 10 to be heated. As in the embodiment shown mainly in FIG. 1, at least one surface 10 to be heated preferably has at least one skin 2. An epidermis is any kind of membrane, surface fabric or membrane composite that at least partly covers the object to be heated, in particular arranged on the object to be heated and / or substantially continuous as a continuous planar member. It means what can be peeled off from this object.

  At least one object 100 to be heated preferably has one or more cushions 3. The cushion is preferably implemented as a foam and is a component such as a seat, a steering wheel, etc.

  At least one object 100 to be heated and at least one surface 10 to be heated are provided with one or more air-conditioning means 4 in order to regulate / air-condition them.

  The at least one air conditioning means 4 preferably has at least one electric heating means 44. Such a heating means is preferably implemented as a flexible, bendable and flexible planar heating element, and can be used, for example, as an insert into a fitting, for example a seat 110 filling.

  It is preferable that one heating means 44 has one base material 8 and the heating resistance and the contact means are fixed on the base material by, for example, sewing or sticking.

  The substrate 8 is substantially in the form of a strand, a net, and / or a plane, and is at least partially a textile product, warp knitted fabric, weft knitted fabric, woven fabric, non-woven fabric, flexible thermoplastic resin, breathable material and It is preferable that the film is formed of a film (for example, a punched film or a bubble film). The substrate can also be partly or substantially completely formed by at least a part of the object 100 to be heated, for example internal equipment or at least a part of the surface 10 to be heated, for example the skin 2.

  The at least one heating means 44 preferably has a number of heating resistances 70 in the form of yarns having one or more electrical resistance means 45, for example carbon fiber or noble metal heating wires, for converting electrical energy into thermal energy. .

  The heating means 44 preferably has one or more contact means 46 for applying a voltage to at least one resistance means 45.

  Preferably, the heating means 44 comprises two or more contact means 46, which are at least partly arranged on the resistance means 45 spaced apart from each other. The contacting means is preferably arranged along the resistance means 45 in the vicinity of the edge and is secured to the resistance means, for example by knitting, stitching or gluing. The contacting means has a longitudinally elongated profile and can extend substantially in a serpentine and / or straight line (FIG. 2). Preferably, the contacting means are arranged substantially parallel to each other, each having one end coupled to a current source / voltage source via a coupling line.

  At least one contact means 46 has a single, preferably a plurality of contact conductors 5. The contact conductors are mainly arranged in a strand shape and a meandering shape along one side edge of the surface to be heated. In order to transmit current from the contact means 46 to the resistance means 45 through a large number of contact points, mainly 3 to 7 contact conductors are provided side by side in the contact means 46. Desirably, the contact conductors are arranged in a plane and are thus fixed, for example, on a flat substrate. In order not to make it difficult to make the heating resistor 70 contactable, and to avoid electrical problems even if the pore density of the conductive skin 54 is too low, the contact conductors are primarily at least partially conductive on their surfaces. That is, it is not electrically insulated.

  The contact conductor 5 can have one or more, preferably more than 5, more preferably more than 50, even more preferably more than 100, most preferably more than 300 contact conductor strands 50. One or more or substantially all of the contact conductor strands 50 have a thickness of less than 1 mm, preferably less than 0.1 mm, more preferably less than 10 μm.

  A strand is a vertically formed product whose length dimension greatly exceeds its cross-sectional dimension. Both dimensions of the cross section preferably have approximately equal dimensions. Preferably, this formation is flexibly flexible. Here, the filament shape means that the object represented by the filament is formed of short fibers, long fibers, monofilament yarns or multifilament yarns. At least one strand preferably has at least one dimension-cross-sectional dimension of less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.1 mm, and even more preferably less than 10 μm.

  It may be desirable for one contact conductor 5 to have two or more different contact conductor strands 50. The contact conductor strands can have different materials and / or different dimensions.

  At least one contact conductor 5 has at least one support strand 58, the stability of the support strand being at least a mechanical load parameter such as tensile strength, notch toughness, bending fatigue limit, wear resistance or friction resistance Is preferably higher than the stability of at least one other contact conductor strand 50. The durability is preferably at least 1.5 times higher, more preferably 2.5 times or 10 times higher. The support strand 58 can be made of metal, plastic and / or other materials.

  It may be desirable for the contact conductor 5 to have at least one conductive strand 55 that is at least partially conductive to conduct current along the conductive strand. The conductive strand 55 is at least partly conductive strand in which one or more filamentary at least partly conductive components extend, preferably substantially along the longitudinal direction of the strand. And / or around the support strand 58 in a spiral manner. Conductive strand 55 can itself be composed of multiple strands. It is preferred that substantially all strands of one contact conductor 5 are conductive strands 55.

  Preferably, one or more or substantially all of the conductive strands 55 of one contact conductor 5 are at least componently made of copper or a copper alloy, preferably substantially formed of them.

  The at least one conductive strand 55 preferably has at least one conductive core strand 52. The core strand is preferably at least componentally composed of metal, more preferably copper or an alloy thereof.

  Conductive strand 55 preferably has a coating in the form of a conductive skin 54 that is at least partially conductive, and is preferably at least partially disposed on the surface of conductive strand 55. The conductive strands prevent the core strands from corroding by at least partially covering the surface of the core strands 52 and electrically couple the core strands 52 to their surroundings, particularly the one or more heating resistors 70.

  Preferably, the conductive skin 54 has a surface that is chemically inert under normal ambient conditions on at least portions of its surface, at least on the outwardly facing surface (with respect to the core strand). Chemically inactive means inactive. That is, the object shown in this way does not change even when the corrosive substance acts, and at least does not change in the case of corrosive substances such as sweat, carbonic acid or fruit acid. The material can also be selected such that it is not corroded or forms a conductive corrosion product.

  The conductive skin is at least componentally made of a conductive material and can be made of a homogeneous material. However, the conductive skin can have conductive particles made of a conductive material. The conductive particles are embedded in a fixed substrate matrix having components such as rubber, PU, synthetic resin, adhesive, paint, and / or plastisol.

  If the conductive skin 54 and / or its conductive components are substantially free of elemental metals, at least base metals, this also avoids corrosion problems. Furthermore, expensive non-porous silver plating is not required. In other words, it is preferable that the conductive skin 54 or its conductive component is at least componentally formed of a carbon-containing material and / or one or more metal oxides. Particularly suitable are carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon fibers, carbon black, carbon, intrinsically conductive plastics, carbon black filled lycocells, graphite, aromatic compounds, especially heterocyclic compounds such as azoles and pyrroles, their heavy Combined, PEDOT / PSS polymerized directly on the metal surface.

  For example, an intermediate film 59 in the form of an oxide film made of copper oxide is preferably provided between the conductive skin 54 and the core strand 52. The intermediate film is mainly formed at least partly from an oxide of the material of the core strand 52, and the oxide and / or the intermediate film are electrically conductive. As a result, the anti-corrosion action is strengthened. The interlayer film 59 should be substantially non-porous. This can be achieved when the interlayer, conductive skin 54 and / or substrate matrix is formed as a result of an electrolytic deposition process.

Particularly suitable as the conductive particles 7 are fibrous particles, since these particles allow an increase in conductivity when embedded in a substrate matrix. Particularly suitable are carbon nanotubes, graphite nanofibers or carbon filaments. These ensure good electrical conductivity, mechanical robustness and corrosion strength. Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are tubular formations made of carbon with a diameter of about 1-50 nm and a length of up to several millimeters. The conductivity of the tube is comparable to that of metal, semiconductor, or superconductor at low temperatures. CNT has a density of 1.3 to 1.4 g / cm ³ and a tensile strength of 45 billion Pascals. The current capacity is about 1000 times that of copper wire. The thermal conductivity is 6000 W / m * K at room temperature. Graphite nanofibers are (solid) fibers made of carbon having a diameter of less than 1 μm.

The present invention has the following features.
[1] Electric heating means having at least one resistance means (45) and at least one contact means (46), wherein the at least one contact means (46) is at least one conductive strand (55). The conductive strand has a core strand (52), the core strand is at least partially made of copper and has a coating, the coating at least partially comprising the core strand (52) Electrical heating means (44), characterized in that the coating is a conductive sheath (54) that electrically coats the core strand (52) with at least one heating resistor (70).
[2] The electric heating means (44) according to the above [1], wherein the conductive skin (54) or the conductive component thereof does not contain an elemental metal.
[3] The conductive shell (54) has carbon, carbon nanotube (CNT), carbon black, carbon, microfiber, graphite fiber, PEDOT / PSS polymerized directly on the metal surface, pyrrole or azole conductive configuration The heating means (44) according to the above [1] or [2], comprising an element.
[4] In the above [1] to [3], an intermediate film (59) in the form of an oxide film is provided between the conductive skin (54) and the core strand (52). Any heating means (44).
[5] The heating means (44) according to [4], wherein the intermediate film (59) is at least partially formed of an oxide of the material of the core strand (52).
[6] The heating means (44) according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the intermediate film (59) or the metal oxide is conductive.
[7] The heating means (44) according to any one of the above [4] to [6], wherein the intermediate film (59) is substantially non-porous.
[8] The heating means (44) according to any one of the above [1] to [7], wherein the intermediate film (59) and / or the conductive skin (54) is formed by an electrolytic deposition process. ).
[9] A vehicle interior member and / or internal equipment, preferably a seat (110), an outer skin (4), comprising at least one heating means (44) according to any one of [1] to [8] above. 2) Steering wheel (102), trim (105) and / or cushion (3).
[10] A vehicle, particularly an automobile (99), comprising at least one heating means (44) according to any one of [1] to [9].

2 Skin 3 Cushion 4 Air-conditioning means 5 Contact conductor 7 Conductive particle 8 Base material 10 Surface to be heated 44 Heating means 45 Resistance means 46 Contacting means 50 Contact conductor strand 52 Core strand 54 Conductive skin 55 Conductive strand 58 Support strand 59 Intermediate film 70 Heating resistance 99 Automobile 100 Object to be heated 101 Steering means 102 Steering wheel 103 Instrument panel 105 Door trim 110 Seat

Claims (8)

Electric heating means (44) having at least one resistance means (45) and at least one contacting means (46),
The at least one resistance means (45) is a plurality of heating resistors (70) in the form of a thread having a carbon fiber heating wire,
The heating means (44) comprises two or more contact means (46), the contact means (46) being spaced apart from each other and at least partially disposed on the resistance means (45). ,
Said at least one contact means (46) comprises at least one contact conductor (5);
The contact conductor (5) has a conductive strand (55) which is a plurality of conductive elements;
The conductive strand has a core strand (52) which is a core element;
The core strand is at least componentally made of copper and has a coating;
The coating has an inactive surface and at least partially covers the core strand (52);
The coating is a conductive skin (54) that electrically couples the core strand (52) with at least one heating resistor (70);
The conductive shell (54) or conductive component thereof does not include elemental metal and is at least partially composed of carbon;
The conductive skin (54) has conductive particles made of a conductive material,
The conductive particles are formed from carbon black,
Electric heating means (44) characterized in that the conductive particles are embedded in a substrate matrix with rubber or paint . Wherein between the conduction outer skin (54) the core strand (52), according to claim 1 Symbol placement of electrical heating means, characterized in that the intermediate film aspects of the oxide film (59) is provided (44) . Electric heating means (44) according to claim 2 , characterized in that the intermediate film (59) is at least partly formed of an oxide of the material of the core strand (52). The electric heating means (44) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the intermediate film (59) or the metal oxide is conductive.   The electric heating means (44) according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the intermediate film (59) is substantially non-porous. Electric heating means (44) according to any one of claims 2 to 5 , characterized in that the intermediate film (59) and / or the conductive skin (54) are formed by an electrolytic deposition process. Vehicle interior member and / or interior equipment, preferably seat (110), skin (2), characterized in that it comprises at least one electric heating means (44) according to any one of claims 1-6 . Steering wheel (102), trim (105) and / or cushion (3). Vehicles equipped with at least one electrical heating means according to any one of claims 1 to 7 (44), in particular motor vehicle (99).

Images