JP5900888B2 - Operating temperature estimation method and life evaluation method of Ni-based alloy - Google Patents
Operating temperature estimation method and life evaluation method of Ni-based alloy Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims description 49
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 48
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 44
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 17
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000003745 diagnosis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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Description
本発明は、火力発電用ボイラ等の高温部に使用されるＮｉ基合金のメタル使用温度の推定方法及び寿命評価方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for estimating a metal use temperature and a life evaluation method of a Ni-based alloy used in a high temperature part such as a boiler for thermal power generation.
近年、ＣＯ２排出低減及び発電効率向上のため、７００℃級Ａ−ＵＳＣボイラの開発が推進されている。７００℃級Ａ−ＵＳＣボイラの高温部過熱器や再熱器等には、現用鋼に比べて高強度であるＮｉ基合金が採用される。過熱器及び再熱器等の高温部の伝熱管の余寿命診断は、メタル温度や燃料性状等に基づき、クリープ寿命や腐食量評価により実施されている。クリープ寿命や腐食量に与えるメタル温度の影響は、高温になるほど大きくなるため、現用鋼に比べて高温で使用されるＮｉ基合金の余寿命診断にはメタル温度はより重要な因子となる。 In recent years, development of 700 ° C. class A-USC boilers has been promoted in order to reduce CO 2 emissions and improve power generation efficiency. Ni-based alloys having higher strength than current steel are used for high-temperature part superheaters, reheaters, etc. of 700 ° C. class A-USC boilers. The remaining life diagnosis of the heat transfer tubes in the high temperature part such as the superheater and the reheater is performed by the creep life and the corrosion amount evaluation based on the metal temperature, the fuel property and the like. Since the influence of the metal temperature on the creep life and the amount of corrosion becomes larger as the temperature becomes higher, the metal temperature becomes a more important factor for the remaining life diagnosis of the Ni-based alloy used at a higher temperature than the current steel.
ボイラ高温部伝熱管の実機メタル温度は、負荷変動による温度変化や管内面スケールの伝熱阻害による温度上昇のため、部位により異なる。このため、設計メタル温度を用いた余寿命診断では実機を正確に予測できない可能性がある。また、実機メタル温度の測定は、稼動中のボイラ炉内で多数の管のメタル温度を簡単に計測する方法がないため、非常に困難である。
以上のことから、Ｎｉ基合金のクリープ寿命や腐食量評価による余寿命診断を高精度に行うためには、実機メタル温度を高精度に評価する必要があった。
The actual metal temperature of the boiler high-temperature section heat transfer tube varies depending on the site because of temperature changes due to load fluctuations and temperature rise due to heat transfer inhibition on the inner surface scale of the tube. For this reason, there is a possibility that the actual machine cannot be accurately predicted by the remaining life diagnosis using the design metal temperature. In addition, measurement of the actual metal temperature is very difficult because there is no simple method for measuring the metal temperature of a large number of tubes in an operating boiler furnace.
From the above, it was necessary to evaluate the actual metal temperature with high accuracy in order to perform the remaining life diagnosis with the creep life and corrosion amount evaluation of the Ni-based alloy with high accuracy.
この課題を解決するため、以下に示すＮｉ基合金のメタル温度の推定方法が提案されている。下記特許文献１では、断面ミクロ組織から測定される炭化物の幅や径がメタル温度や運転時間の増加により粗大化することに着目し、メタル温度を推定する方法が考案されている。しかしながら、この手法は材料毎に炭化物の幅、径とメタル温度や運転時間との関係式を求めておく必要があり、また、同材料でも炭化物構成元素である炭素（Ｃ）やクロム（Ｃｒ）等の含有量の違いにより、推定温度が異なる可能性がある。 In order to solve this problem, a method for estimating the metal temperature of the Ni-based alloy shown below has been proposed. In Patent Document 1 below, a method for estimating the metal temperature has been devised by paying attention to the fact that the width and diameter of the carbide measured from the cross-sectional microstructure becomes coarse due to the increase in the metal temperature and operation time. However, in this method, it is necessary to obtain a relational expression between the width and diameter of the carbide, the metal temperature, and the operation time for each material, and carbon (C) and chromium (Cr) which are carbide constituent elements even in the same material. The estimated temperature may be different due to the difference in the content.
また、下記特許文献２では、Ｎｉ基合金中のγ’相（Ｎｉ３Ａｌ)の粗大化程度から温度を推定する手法が提案されているが、γ’相は１μｍ以下のサイズであるため、ＳＥＭやＴＥＭなどの電子顕微鏡を用いた観察が必要であり、簡便でない。従って、Ｎｉ基合金の実機メタル温度を幅広く簡便に推定する有効な手段がないのが現状である。
In
なお、下記特許文献３には高温環境下又は高温高圧環境下で使用される炭素含有金属材料の炭素濃度の測定値と、予め求めておいた炭素含有金属材料の高温環境下又は高温高圧環境下における炭素濃度ＬＭＰとの相関関係から、炭素濃度含有金属材料に対する加熱温度及び加熱時間の関係を求め、この関係に基づいて加熱温度及び加熱時間を推定する方法が開示されている。 In Patent Document 3 below, the measured value of the carbon concentration of the carbon-containing metal material used in a high-temperature environment or a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, and the previously determined high-temperature environment or high-temperature and high-pressure environment of the carbon-containing metal material. Has disclosed a method of obtaining a relationship between a heating temperature and a heating time for a carbon concentration-containing metal material from a correlation with a carbon concentration LMP in, and estimating the heating temperature and the heating time based on this relationship.
特許文献３記載の方法は比較的強度でかつ組織変化しやすいフェライト鋼には有効であるが、Ｎｉ基合金などのオーステナイト鋼は組織を安定化させるために様々な元素が添加されているので、炭素濃度変化によって過熱温度及び時間を推定するには困難であった。 The method described in Patent Document 3 is effective for ferritic steels that are relatively strong and easily change in structure, but since austenitic steels such as Ni-based alloys have various elements added to stabilize the structure, It was difficult to estimate the superheat temperature and time by changing the carbon concentration.
本発明の課題は、上述した従来技術の問題を解決し、汎用性のある簡便なＮｉ基合金からなる伝熱管の表面温度を推定する手法を提供し、また前記得られたＮｉ基合金からなる表面温度の推定値からボイラ伝熱管を含む鋼材部品に使用されるＮｉ基合金のクリープ破断寿命を推定する方法を提供することである。 An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, provide a method for estimating the surface temperature of a heat transfer tube made of a versatile and simple Ni-base alloy, and also made of the obtained Ni-base alloy The object is to provide a method for estimating the creep rupture life of a Ni-based alloy used in steel parts including boiler heat transfer tubes from the estimated value of the surface temperature.
上記本発明の課題は次の解決手段により達成される。
請求項１記載の発明は、ボイラ伝熱管を含む鋼材部品に使用されるＮｉ基合金の表面温度を推定する方法において、アルミニウム（Ａｌ）とチタン（Ｔｉ）の酸化物からなる内部酸化深さ及び材料中のＡｌとＴｉの含有量から定義される内部酸化指数と、温度と時間の関数であるＬＭＰ（ラーソンミラーパラメータ）との関係を予め実験により定め、この関係式を用いて、実機の累積運転時間と内部酸化指数からＮｉ基合金の表面温度を推定する方法である。
The object of the present invention is achieved by the following means.
The invention according to claim 1 is a method for estimating a surface temperature of a Ni-based alloy used in a steel part including a boiler heat transfer tube, and has an internal oxidation depth composed of oxides of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti), and The relationship between the internal oxidation index defined by the contents of Al and Ti in the material and LMP (Larson Miller parameter), which is a function of temperature and time, is determined in advance by experiment, In this method, the surface temperature of the Ni-based alloy is estimated from the operating time and the internal oxidation index.
請求項２記載の発明は、ボイラ伝熱管を含む鋼材部品に使用されるＮｉ基合金の表面温度を推定する方法において、実機管の内表面に予め拡散浸透処理によりＡｌ拡散層を形成させ、温度推定に利用することを特徴とする請求項１記載の温度推定方法である。
The invention according to
請求項３記載の発明は、実機管の外表面に予め拡散浸透処理等によりＡｌ拡散層を形成させ、温度推定に利用することを特徴とする請求項１記載のＮｉ基合金の表面温度を推定する方法である。 The invention according to claim 3 estimates the surface temperature of the Ni-based alloy according to claim 1, wherein an Al diffusion layer is formed in advance on the outer surface of the actual pipe by diffusion permeation or the like, and is used for temperature estimation. It is a method to do.
請求項４記載の発明は、請求項１から３のいずれかに記載のＮｉ基合金の表面温度を推定する方法により求めた表面温度を用いて、ボイラ伝熱管を含む鋼材部品に使用されるＮｉ基合金のクリープ破断寿命を推定することを特徴としたＮｉ基合金の寿命評価方法である。
なお、本発明で使用されるＮｉ基合金にはアルミニウム（Ａｌ）、チタン（Ｔｉ）、モリブデン（Ｍｏ）、クロム（Ｃｒ）、ニッケル（Ｎｉ）などの金属成分が含まれる。
The invention according to claim 4 is the Ni used for the steel material part including the boiler heat transfer tube using the surface temperature obtained by the method for estimating the surface temperature of the Ni-based alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3. This is a method for evaluating the life of a Ni-base alloy characterized by estimating the creep rupture life of the base alloy.
The Ni-based alloy used in the present invention includes metal components such as aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), molybdenum (Mo), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni).
（作用）
本発明の表面温度推定は材料中のＡｌとＴｉの含有量、内部酸化深さ及び累積運転時間のみで評価できるので、汎用性のある簡便な方法である。
また、本発明により、ボイラの定期点検時に測定される評価部位の内部酸化深さと累積運転時間から運転時の実機メタル温度を推定することができ、材料の寿命評価に適用できる。さらに、異常な表面温度など不適合がある部位を早期に発見することが可能となり、伝熱管の墳破などのトラブルを未然に防ぐことができる。
(Function)
Since the surface temperature estimation of the present invention can be evaluated only by the contents of Al and Ti in the material, the internal oxidation depth, and the cumulative operation time, it is a versatile and simple method.
In addition, according to the present invention, the actual metal temperature during operation can be estimated from the internal oxidation depth of the evaluation site measured during the periodic inspection of the boiler and the accumulated operation time, and can be applied to the life evaluation of materials. In addition, it is possible to detect an incompatible part such as an abnormal surface temperature at an early stage, and it is possible to prevent troubles such as breakage of the heat transfer tube.
本発明によれば、実機管の表面温度を推定することが可能となり、寿命評価を行うことができるので、ボイラの予防保全に貢献できる。また、高価な装置も必要なく、経済的で汎用性がある。 According to the present invention, it is possible to estimate the surface temperature of an actual machine pipe and perform life evaluation, which can contribute to preventive maintenance of boilers. Moreover, an expensive apparatus is not required, and it is economical and versatile.
以下、本発明の具体的実施例を図面により説明する。 Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
まず、Ｎｉ基合金（Ａｌｌｏｙ６１７（２２Ｃｒ−１２Ｃｏ−９Ｍｏ−Ｔｉ−Ａｌ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ））の伝熱管３の表面に生成する内部酸化について説明する。図１は高温で使用された後のＮｉ基合金の管表面を表した模式図である。管表面には合金中のＣｒが酸化してできる酸化スケール１と合金中のＡｌとＴｉが酸化してできるＡｌ２Ｏ３やＴｉＯ２などからなる内部酸化物２が生成する。酸化スケール１の厚さと管内部に形成される内部酸化物２の管表面からの深さ（内部酸化の深さ）Ｄｉは温度及び時間の増加とともに生成量は増加する。特に内部酸化物２の温度依存性は酸化スケール１内よりも顕著である傾向にある。
First, the internal oxidation produced | generated on the surface of the heat exchanger tube 3 of Ni-based alloy (Alloy617 (22Cr-12Co-9Mo-Ti-Al-bal.Ni)) is demonstrated. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a tube surface of a Ni-based alloy after being used at a high temperature. On the tube surface, an oxide scale 1 formed by oxidizing Cr in the alloy and an internal oxide 2 made of Al 2 O 3 or TiO 2 formed by oxidizing Al and Ti in the alloy are generated. The amount of oxide scale 1 and the depth of
なお、図１の矢印はＨ２Ｏ，Ｏ２，Ｃｒ，Ｏ，ＴｉおよびＡｌの移動を示している。また、内部酸化物２は輪郭線のはっきりしない塗りつぶし部分で示している。そして内部酸化物２の先の実線は粒界を示している。
また、鋭意研究を重ねた結果、内部酸化物２の深さＤｉはＡｌとＴｉの含有量に相関があることが分かった。
Arrows in FIG. 1 shows the movement of H 2 O, O 2, Cr , O, Ti and Al. Further, the
Further, as a result of extensive research, it was found that the depth Di of the
そこで、材料中の単位ＡｌとＴｉ当たりの内部酸化物２の深さＤｉを表す指標として下式に示す内部酸化指数を定義した。
Ｆｉ＝Ｄｉ／ｆ（Ａｌ，Ｔｉ） （１）
ここで、Ｆｉは内部酸化指数、Ｄｉは前記内部酸化物の深さ（μｍ)、Ａｌは材料中のＡｌ（質量％）、Ｔｉは材料中のＴｉ（質量％）であり、上記式（１）は本発明者らが見出した内部酸化指数Ｆｉが材料中のＡｌ，Ｔｉの質量％の関数であることを示している。
Therefore, an internal oxidation index represented by the following equation was defined as an index representing the depth Di of the
Fi = Di / f (Al, Ti) (1)
Here, Fi is the internal oxidation index, Di is the depth (μm) of the internal oxide, Al is Al (mass%) in the material, Ti is Ti (mass%) in the material, and the above formula (1 ) Indicates that the internal oxidation index Fi found by the present inventors is a function of the mass% of Al and Ti in the material.
なお、上記Ｎｉ基合金中のＡｌの含有量は０〜１．５質量％、Ｔｉは０〜２．５質量％程度であり、ＡｌもＴｉも５質量％以下が望ましく、Ａｌ，Ｔｉの含有量が高くなるとＮｉ基合金の耐食性は向上するが、強度や溶接で不利となり実用性が無くなる。
本実施例により、内部酸化指数Ｆｉを用いることで、材料中のＡｌやＴｉの含有量が異なる材料においても温度推定が可能となり幅広く適用できる。
The content of Al in the Ni-based alloy is 0 to 1.5% by mass, Ti is about 0 to 2.5% by mass, both Al and Ti are preferably 5% by mass or less, and the contents of Al and Ti are included. When the amount is high, the corrosion resistance of the Ni-based alloy is improved, but it is disadvantageous in terms of strength and welding, and practicality is lost.
According to the present embodiment, by using the internal oxidation index Fi, temperature estimation is possible even for materials having different contents of Al and Ti in the material, which can be widely applied.
本実施例では、同条件下で生成した複数（例えば、約４５個）のＮｉ基合金材料中のＡｌとＴｉの含有量が明確なＮｉ基合金の内部酸化深さＤｉを比較、検討し、内部酸化指数Ｆｉを下式とし、評価した。
Ｆｉ＝Ｄｉ／（Ａｌ＋０．５Ｔｉ） （２）
上記Ｎｉ基合金としては次の３種類のＮｉ基合金を用いた。
Ａｌｌｏｙ６１７（２２Ｃｒ−１２Ｃｏ−９Ｍｏ−Ｔｉ−Ａｌ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ）, Ａｌｌｏｙ２６３（２０Ｃｒ−２０Ｃｏ−６Ｍｏ−２Ｔｉ−Ａｌ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ）およびＡｌｌｏｙ１４１（２０Ｃｒ−１０Ｍｏ−２Ｔｉ−Ａｌ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ）である。
なお、内部酸化深さＤｉは光学顕微鏡を用いて断面厚さを測定する周知な手法で測定した。
In this example, the internal oxidation depth Di of Ni-based alloys with a clear content of Al and Ti in a plurality (for example, about 45) of Ni-based alloy materials produced under the same conditions was compared and examined, The internal oxidation index Fi was evaluated using the following formula.
Fi = Di / (Al + 0.5Ti) (2)
As the Ni-based alloy, the following three types of Ni-based alloys were used.
Alloy 617 (22Cr-12Co-9Mo-Ti-Al-bal.Ni), Alloy263 (20Cr-20Co-6Mo-2Ti-Al-bal.Ni) and Alloy141 (20Cr-10Mo-2Ti-Al-bal.Ni). .
The internal oxidation depth Di was measured by a well-known method of measuring the cross-sectional thickness using an optical microscope.
図２に時間、温度および材料が明確な複数（約４５個）のＮｉ基合金の内部酸化深さＤｉを測定し、下式に示される温度と時間の関数で表されるＬＭＰ（ラーソンミラーパラメータ）と式（２）から算出される内部酸化指数Ｆｉをプロットした結果を示す。
ＬＭＰ＝Ｔ×（ｌｏｇｔ＋Ｃ） （３）
ここで、Ｔは温度（Ｋ）、ｔは時間（ｈ）、Ｃは定数である。
なお、上記の定数Ｃは一般的に２０とされるが、必ずしも２０である必要はない。
FIG. 2 shows the internal oxidation depth Di of a plurality (about 45) of Ni-base alloys with clear time, temperature and material, and LMP (Larson Miller parameters expressed as a function of temperature and time shown in the following equation. ) And the internal oxidation index Fi calculated from the equation (2) are plotted.
LMP = T × (logt + C) (3)
Here, T is temperature (K), t is time (h), and C is a constant.
The constant C is generally 20 but need not necessarily be 20.
図２で示した関係を累乗近似した結果、下式で表される。
ＬＭＰ＝２．２５×１０４×Ｆｉ０．０３６ （４）
本結果では、ＬＭＰと酸化指数Ｆｉの関係は累乗近似式で示すと良い相関を示したので採用した。しかし、データ数の変化等により関係式も変化する可能性があり、対数近似式や多項近似式等の他の関数を使用してもよい。
As a result of power approximation of the relationship shown in FIG.
LMP = 2.25 × 10 4 × Fi 0.036 (4)
In this result, the relationship between LMP and oxidation index Fi was adopted because it showed a good correlation when expressed by a power approximation formula. However, the relational expression may change due to a change in the number of data, and other functions such as a logarithmic approximation expression and a polynomial approximation expression may be used.
次に、実機で調査対象となる管を切断・抜管し、光学顕微鏡による断面観察から内部酸化深さＤｉを測定する。伝熱管の場合、切断・復旧工事は定期点検期間中に比較的容易に行うことができる。例として、Ａｌ量が０．５質量％、Ｔｉ量が１．０質量％のＮｉ基合金（２０Ｃｒ−１０Ｃｏ−１０Ｍｏ−０．５Ａｌ−１．０Ｔｉ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ）が累計５０，０００時間使用され、内部酸化深さの測定結果が１０μｍであった場合の温度推定結果を図３に示す。（２）式から内部酸化指数は１０となり、推定メタル温度は７２０℃と評価できる。
このようにして、本発明により、累積運転時間と材質および内部酸化深さから実機管表面の温度を推定することができる。
Next, the tube to be investigated is cut and extracted with an actual machine, and the internal oxidation depth Di is measured from cross-sectional observation with an optical microscope. In the case of heat transfer tubes, cutting and restoration work can be done relatively easily during the regular inspection period. As an example, a Ni-based alloy (20Cr-10Co-10Mo-0.5Al-1.0Ti-bal.Ni) having an Al content of 0.5 mass% and a Ti content of 1.0 mass% is used for a total of 50,000 hours. FIG. 3 shows the temperature estimation result when the internal oxidation depth measurement result is 10 μm. From the equation (2), the internal oxidation index is 10, and the estimated metal temperature can be evaluated as 720 ° C.
In this way, the present invention, it is possible to estimate the temperature of the accumulated operation time and material and internal oxidation depth or al actual tube surface.
ここでは、温度と時間の関数にＬＭＰ（ラーソンミラーパラメータ）を使用して説明したが、これに特に限定するものではなく、ＯＳＤ（Ｏｒｒ−Ｓｈｅｒｂｙ―Ｄｏｒｎ）パラメータやＭＨ（Ｍａｎｓｏｎ−Ｈａｆｅｒｄ）パラメータを使用してもよい。
なお、各パラメータは次式を用いる。式の形が異なるのみでデータは変わらない。
ＬＭＰ＝Ｔ（Ｃ＋ｌｏｇｔ），
ＯＳＤ＝（ｌｏｇｔ−ｌｏｇｔａ）／（Ｔ−Ｔａ），
（ｔａ，Ｔａは定数）
ＭＨ＝ｌｏｇＴ−Ｑ／ＲＴ （Ｑは定数、Ｒはガス定数）
Here, LMP (Larson Miller parameter) is used as a function of temperature and time, but the present invention is not particularly limited to this. OSD (Orr-Sherby-Dorn) parameters and MH (Manson-Haferd) parameters are used. May be used.
Each parameter uses the following equation. The data does not change, only the form of the formula is different.
LMP = T (C + logt),
OSD = (logt-logta) / (T-Ta),
(Ta and Ta are constants)
MH = logT-Q / RT (Q is a constant, R is a gas constant)
［参考例］
実施例１では、ＡｌとＴｉを含有するＮｉ基合金について温度推定方法を示したが、本参考例では、ＡｌとＴｉを含有しないＮｉ基合金（２０Ｃｒ−１０Ｃｏ−１０Ｍｏ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ）についても、管の内表面あるいは外表面に予め拡散浸透処理等によりＡｌ拡散層を形成させて、温度推定を実施することも可能である。
なお、Ａｌ拡散層の形成法は一般的に用いられる拡散浸透処理（カロライズ処理）を使用した。
[Reference example]
In Example 1, the temperature estimation method was shown for the Ni-based alloy containing Al and Ti, but in this reference example, the Ni-based alloy (20Cr-10Co-10Mo-bal.Ni) not containing Al and Ti was also used. It is also possible to estimate the temperature by previously forming an Al diffusion layer on the inner surface or outer surface of the tube by diffusion permeation treatment or the like.
The Al diffusion layer was formed by a generally used diffusion permeation process (calorization process).
本実施例では上記実施例１記載のＮｉ基合金（２０Ｃｒ−１０Ｃｏ−１０Ｍｏ−０．５Ａｌ−１．０Ｔｉ−ｂａｌ．Ｎｉ）の温度推定方法により求めた表面温度（７２０℃）を用いたＮｉ基合金の寿命評価方法について説明する。 In this example, the Ni base using the surface temperature (720 ° C.) obtained by the temperature estimation method of the Ni base alloy (20Cr-10Co-10Mo-0.5Al-1.0Ti-bal.Ni) described in Example 1 above. An alloy life evaluation method will be described.
Ｎｉ基合金が使用される高温部伝熱管の寿命評価は、クリープ破断寿命に基づいて行われる。図４は応力（σ）とクリープ破断データを温度（Ｔ）と時間（ｔ）を一元化したＬＭＰとの関係を表したものである。 The life evaluation of the high-temperature part heat transfer tube in which the Ni-based alloy is used is performed based on the creep rupture life. FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the stress (σ) and the creep rupture data and the LMP in which the temperature (T) and the time (t) are unified.
管の円周方向の応力（σ）は、下式で示す平均径の式より算出できる。
σ＝Ｐ×（ＯＤ−ｄ）／(２ｄ) （５）
ここで、Ｐは内圧（ＭＰａ）、ＯＤは外径（ｍｍ）、ｄは管厚（ｍｍ）である。
円周方向の応力（σ）は設計データから求めることができるので、この応力（σ）においてクリープ破断するＬＭＰは図４から算出できる。
The stress (σ) in the circumferential direction of the tube can be calculated from the average diameter equation shown below.
σ = P × (OD−d) / (2d) (5)
Here, P is the internal pressure (MPa), OD is the outer diameter (mm), and d is the tube thickness (mm).
Since the circumferential stress (σ) can be obtained from the design data, the LMP that undergoes creep rupture at this stress (σ) can be calculated from FIG.
ＬＭＰは（３）式で示したように温度（Ｔ）と時間（ｔ）の関数であるので、Ｎｉ基合金の温度推定方法により求めた表面温度を用いることで、応力（δ）から算出したＬＭＰと表面温度と図４の関係によりクリープ破断時間が算定できる。
このようにして、本発明により推定した表面温度を用いて、Ｎｉ基合金のクリープ破断寿命を推定することも可能である。
Since LMP is a function of temperature (T) and time (t) as shown in equation (3), it was calculated from stress (δ) by using the surface temperature obtained by the temperature estimation method of the Ni-based alloy. The creep rupture time can be calculated from the relationship between LMP, surface temperature and FIG.
In this way, it is also possible to estimate the creep rupture life of the Ni-based alloy using the surface temperature estimated according to the present invention.
１ 酸化スケール（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３）
２ 内部酸化物（ＴｉＯ２，Ａｌ２Ｏ３）
３ Ｎｉ基合金の伝熱管
1 Oxide scale (Cr 2 O 3 )
2 Internal oxide (TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 )
3 Ni-base alloy heat transfer tube
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