JP5893972B2 - Repellent - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a repellent substance obtained by purifying urine of a wolf. The repellent of the present invention is effective against mammals other than humans or birds (especially deer, wild boar, monkey, cat, and crow).

  In recent years, in urban areas, the damage caused by crows throwing away garbage has become a problem. Crows and cats break garbage bags containing raw garbage that are put out at the dump, eat up the leftovers and scatter them on the road. This problem is extremely serious because the scattered leftovers are swarmed by dogs, cats, pigeons, sparrows, and other insects such as flies. For cats, it is a problem that they enter the house entrance and garden and excrete. In rural areas, crop damage and forest damage due to deer and wild boar are becoming serious.

  As a method of eliminating the damage of the crow, for example, there is a method of preventing a crow from cluttering by putting a net on a garbage bag in a garbage collection site. Damage could not be prevented completely, such as piercing and breaking. Moreover, as a method for eliminating the damage caused by cats, deer, wild boars, and the like, there is a method of driving away by generating a sound that these animals dislike. However, there is a problem that a repelling effect is reduced by learning. Moreover, the method of using the artificially synthesized repellent is also mentioned. This method is excellent in that it is relatively inexpensive and does not take time and effort, but there is a concern about the influence on the human body. There are other methods of physical protection such as the installation of protective fences, but the problem is that it takes time, increases costs, and a reliable effect cannot be expected.

  On the other hand, it has been known for a long time that excrement (urine, feces) of beasts such as tigers and lions has a repellent effect on animals such as deer. This is a repellent effect based on the instinct of being a natural enemy, so it is difficult to learn. However, spraying the excrement (urine, feces) of beasts such as tigers and lions has problems with bad odor and hygiene. Another problem is that the duration of the effect is short.

  Patent Document 1 describes an animal repellent mainly composed of feces extract of large felines such as tigers, lions and leopards. The animal repellent has no problem in odor and hygiene, but the repellent effect is still insufficient. That is, the present condition is that the repellent substance which does not have a bad odor, is hygienic, is hard to cause the fall of the effect by learning, and maintains the excellent repellent effect over a long period of time has not yet been found.

JP 2007-284436 A

  Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a repellent substance that is hygienic and has no bad odor, and is less susceptible to a decrease in the effect of learning and exhibits an excellent repellent effect over a long period of time.

  As a result of intensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor induced repellent behavior based on instinct on the urine of wolves in addition to deer, wild boars, monkeys, etc., cats and crows, etc. It was found that it contains repellent substances that are less likely to decrease. The repellent substance is adsorbed to the stationary phase when solid phase extraction is performed using a precipitate obtained by ether extraction of wolf urine at a pH of less than 4, or a stationary phase containing a silicon compound having an octadecylsilyl group. Then, it has been found that it is contained in a component eluted by a highly polar organic solvent such as alcohol, has almost no odor, is hygienic, and has an excellent repellent effect on mammals other than humans or birds. The present invention has been completed based on these findings.

That is, the present invention provides a repellent substance for mammals or birds other than humans contained in the urine of wolf, which has the following characteristics 1 and / or 2.
1. If wolf urine is extracted with ether at pH 4 or higher, it moves to the aqueous phase, and if it is extracted with ether below pH 4, it precipitates. When wolf urine is passed through a stationary phase containing a silicon compound with an octadecylsilyl group, it adsorbs and elutes with a highly polar organic solvent.

  The repellent substance of the present invention is preferably used as a repellent substance for at least one selected from deer, wild boar, monkey, cat and crow.

  The present invention also provides a method for producing the repellent substance, comprising the step of collecting the precipitate by extracting the wolf urine with ether at a pH of less than 4.

  The present invention further includes the step of adsorbing urine of a wolf on a stationary phase containing a silicon compound having an octadecylsilyl group, then eluting with a highly polar organic solvent, and collecting the resulting eluate. A manufacturing method is provided.

  The present invention also provides a precipitate obtained by ether extraction of wolf urine at a pH below 4.

  The present invention further provides a repellent containing the repellent substance.

The present invention also provides a repellent method for mammals other than humans or birds, characterized by using a repellent contained in urine of a wolf and containing a repellent substance having the following characteristics 1 and / or 2. .
1. If wolf urine is extracted with ether at pH 4 or higher, it moves to the aqueous phase, and if it is extracted with ether below pH 4, it precipitates. When wolf urine is passed through a stationary phase containing a silicon compound with an octadecylsilyl group, it adsorbs and elutes with a highly polar organic solvent.

  Since the repellent material of the present invention has the above-described configuration, there is no problem of bad odor or hygiene. In addition, since it contains a component contained in the urine of a wolf that is a natural enemy for mammals other than humans or birds, repellent behavior based on instinct is induced and the effect of learning is less likely to occur. Since the repellent substance of the present invention is a natural product that is a component contained in the urine of a wolf, it is not only friendly to humans and the environment, but also repellent behavior for mammals and birds other than humans to be repelled. It is gentle because it does not cause harm and does not cause harm. The repellent substance of the present invention can easily exhibit a repellent effect by, for example, storing a material diluted with a solvent in a spray or the like and spraying it on a place where a repellent effect is expected. Therefore, the repellent substance of the present invention is extremely effective as a repellent for mammals other than humans or birds.

[Repellent]
The repellent material of the present invention is a repellent material for mammals or birds other than humans contained in urine of wolf, and has the following characteristics 1 and / or 2.
1. If wolf urine is extracted with ether at pH 4 or higher, it moves to the aqueous phase, and if it is extracted with ether below pH 4, it precipitates. When wolf urine is passed through a stationary phase containing a silicon compound with an octadecylsilyl group, it adsorbs and elutes with a highly polar organic solvent.

  The repellent substance of the present invention is a substance that induces repellent behavior in mammals or birds other than humans, and in particular, it is used as a repellent substance for at least one selected from deer, wild boar, monkey, cat, and crow. It is preferable.

[Method of manufacturing repellent]
The repellent material of the present invention can be produced, for example, through a step of extracting wolf urine with ether at a pH of less than 4 and collecting a precipitate.

  Examples of the urine of the wolf include Canis lupus arctos (arctic wolf), Canis lupus baileyi (Mexican wolf), Canis lupus communis (Russian wolf), Canis lupus cubanensis (Caspian wolf), Canis lupus hattai (Ezo wolf), Canis lupus hodophilax (Japanese wolf), Canis lupus lupaster (Egyptian wolf), Canis lupus lupus (European wolf, Datura wolf, Siberian wolf), Canis lupus italicus (Italian wolf), Canis lupus lycaon (Thin wolf), Canis lupus nubilus ), Wolf urine selected from Canis lupus occidentalis (Shinlin wolf, Alaska wolf), Canis lupus pallipes (Indian wolf), Canis rufus (American wolf wolf), etc., alone or in combination of two or more be able to

  The pH in the ether extraction is less than 4, preferably 3 or less, particularly preferably 2 or less (for example, 1-2). The pH can be adjusted, for example, by adding at least one selected from hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, and sulfuric acid. If the pH exceeds the above range, the repellent substance moves to the aqueous phase when the ether extraction is performed, so that a precipitate containing the repellent substance cannot be collected.

  Examples of ethers used for ether extraction include diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, dipropyl ether, butyl methyl ether, methyl isobutyl ether, methyl-t-butyl ether, methyl pentyl ether, and methyl isopentyl ether. . In the present invention, it is preferable to use diethyl ether because it is easily available.

  As the ether extraction device, for example, a Soxhlet extractor, a separatory funnel or the like can be appropriately selected and used.

  The precipitate recovered after the ether extraction may be further separated and purified by separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, etc., or a separation means combining these. .

  In addition to the above, the repellent substance of the present invention is a step of adsorbing urine of a wolf to a stationary phase containing a silicon compound having an octadecylsilyl group, and then eluting with a highly polar organic solvent, and collecting the resulting eluate Can also be manufactured (solid phase extraction).

  Examples of the urine of the wolf used for solid phase extraction include the same examples as the urine of the wolf used for the ether extraction.

  As a stationary phase containing a silicon compound having an octadecylsilyl group, for example, a solid compound containing a silicon compound having an octadecylsilyl group (silica gel particles) such as “Sep-Pack + C18” (manufactured by Waters) as a filler. A phase extraction column can be used.

  Examples of the highly polar organic solvent include alcohols such as methanol, acetonitrile, and propanol. In the present invention, it is particularly preferable to use methanol because it is inexpensive.

  The repellent substance of the present invention is adsorbed to the stationary phase when 500 μL of wolf urine is passed through the stationary phase (for example, trade name “Sep-Pack + C18” (manufactured by Waters)) at a flow rate of about 1 mL / min. Thereafter, a high-polarity organic solvent (for example, alcohol such as methanol) is eluted at a flow rate of, for example, about 0.6 to 1 mL / min, and the eluate is collected.

  The obtained precipitate may be further subjected to separation and purification by separation means such as filtration, concentration, distillation, extraction, crystallization, recrystallization, column chromatography, etc., or a separation means combining these.

  The molecular weight of the repellent substance obtained by the above method is, for example, about 30,000 or more, preferably 50,000 or more. The molecular weight can be determined by, for example, ESI-MS (Electro Spray Ionization mass spectrometry), sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), and the like.

[Repellent]
The repellent of this invention contains the said repellent substance, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.

  The repellent may contain other components in addition to the repellent substance. Examples of other components include known and commonly used additives such as solvents (for example, water, buffer solutions, alcohols, other organic solvents and inorganic solvents), antioxidants, antioxidant assistants, preservatives, pH adjusters, and the like. Things can be used as needed. These can be used alone or in admixture of two or more.

  The repellent of the present invention is preferably obtained by diluting the repellent substance with a solvent (for example, water, buffer solution, alcohol, other highly polar organic solvent or inorganic solvent).

  Moreover, the precipitate obtained by ether extraction of wolf urine at a pH of less than 4 is difficult to denature and can be stored stably for a long period of time. Moreover, it is lightweight and can reduce transportation cost. Therefore, it is stored, transported and sold in the form of a precipitate, and when used, a repellent is prepared by dissolving in a solvent (for example, water, buffer solution, alcohol, other organic solvents or inorganic solvents). Also good. Moreover, when melt | dissolving with water, it is preferable to adjust pH to 8-12 (preferably pH 9-10) with sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., for example. By adjusting the pH to the above range, the precipitate can be easily dissolved in water. After dissolution, the pH may be adjusted to neutral again.

  The repellent is sealed in a spray can and sprayed to the place where the repellent effect is expected, or the repellent is adsorbed on a porous carrier (for example, porous polymer resin, soft stone, charcoal, zeolite, etc.) The adsorbed porous carrier can be used in a place where a repellent effect is expected, a method in which a repellent is contained in a container having a vent, and the container is placed in a place where a repellent effect is expected. Examples of the place where the repellent effect is expected include a garbage dump, an orchard, along a highway, a boundary between houses, and the like.

  The repellent obtained by the above method has almost no odor and is hygienic. In addition, it contains components contained in the urine of wolves, which are natural enemies for mammals other than humans such as deer, wild boar, monkeys, cats, and crows, and birds, thus inducing repellent behavior based on instincts and reducing the effects of learning Is unlikely to occur. The mechanism of action of repellents is thought to be related to olfaction and / or taste. This is because a deer that ate a bait to which a repellent was applied showed an action to eject the bait.

  Moreover, since the repellent of the present invention is a natural product that is a component contained in the urine of a wolf, it is not only friendly to humans and the environment, but also for mammals or birds other than humans to be repelled, It is gentle because it induces repellent behavior and does not cause harm, and it is safe to apply to crops. Therefore, the repellent of the present invention is extremely effective as a repellent for mammals other than humans or birds.

  EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example demonstrates this invention more concretely, this invention is not limited by these Examples.

Example 1
The product name “Wolfpee” (AI Planning) was used as the wolf urine.
Wolf urine (25 mL), water (25 mL) and diethyl ether (50 mL) were mixed, pH was adjusted to 1 to 2 with 6N hydrochloric acid, charged into a Soxhlet extractor, and extracted.
Thereafter, the diethyl ether layer was collected, and diethyl ether was distilled off to obtain a precipitate.
The obtained precipitate (1 g) was mixed with water (20 mL) and dissolved by adjusting the pH to 9 to 10 with NaOH to obtain the substance (1).

Example 2 (referred to as a reference example)
The product name “Wolfpee” (AI Planning) was used as the wolf urine.
Solid phase extraction was performed as follows using ODS (trade name “Sep-Pack + C18”, manufactured by Waters) as a solid phase extraction column and methanol as an elution solvent.
The resin was activated by passing methanol (2 mL) through ODS, ultrapure water (Milli Q water) (5 mL) was passed, and then the wolf urine (1 mL) was allowed to flow. Thereafter, it was thoroughly washed with ultrapure water (Milli Q water).
Then, it eluted with methanol.
The obtained eluate was dried with a rotary evaporator and dissolved in water (1 mL) to obtain a substance (2).

  The repellent effect of the substances obtained in the examples was evaluated by the following method.

[Repellent effect on deer]
A deer rice cracker coated with 50 μL each of the substances (1) and (2) obtained in the examples was installed.
As a control, deer rice crackers coated with 50 μL each of water, ethanol, wolf urine (trade name “Wolfpee”, AI Planning), and diethyl ether were installed, and the repellent effect was evaluated according to the following criteria.
Evaluation criteria ×: All eaten △: Partially eaten ○: Not eaten at all

The above results are summarized in the following table.

  The precipitate obtained in Example 1 was subjected to ultrafiltration under the following conditions using ultrafiltration tubes (trade names “Centriprep YM-50” and “Centriprep YM-30” (Millipore)). And fractions having a molecular weight of 30,000 or more, a molecular weight of 50,000 or more, a molecular weight of less than 30,000, and a molecular weight of less than 50,000 were collected. About the obtained fraction (1)-(4), the repellent effect with respect to a deer was evaluated similarly to the above.

The above results are summarized in the following table.

  The repellency of wolf urine was evaluated by the following method.

[Repellent effect on crows]
Wolf urine (trade name “Wolfpee”, AI Planning) (100 mL) was charged into a plastic bottle with a cap having several holes with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm in the shoulder outside the bottle, and installed in a garbage dump.
Before installation: Garbage was violently damaged by crows.
First day of installation: Garbage was violently scattered.
3 days after installation: A small amount of garbage was scattered.
10 days after installation: The garbage was not damaged at all. I didn't see any crows.
8 months after installation: The repellent in the PET bottle almost evaporated, but the trash was not damaged.

[Repellent effect on cats]
Wolf urine (trade name “Wolfpee”, AI Planning) (300 mL) was charged into a plastic bottle with a cap having several holes with a diameter of 2 to 3 mm in the shoulder outside the bottle, and placed in a flower bed. This flower bed is a path for cats, and cats dung almost every day.
After installation, no cats were seen. The effect diminished as the liquid evaporated, but this effect continued for more than 8 months when added.

Claims (4)

A repellent substance obtained from urine of a wolf having the following characteristics 1 and 2.
1. If wolf urine is extracted with ether at pH 4 or higher, it moves to the aqueous phase, and if it is extracted with ether below pH 4, it precipitates. Has repellent effect on cats and crows Furthermore, the repellent substance of Claim 1 which has the following characteristic 3 together.
3. The molecular weight (by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) is 30000 or more   The method for producing a repellent substance according to claim 1 or 2, comprising a step of collecting wolf urine with ether at a pH of less than 4 and collecting a precipitate.   A repellent method for cats or crows, comprising using the repellent substance according to claim 1 or 2.