JP5891614B2 - Waste heat generator - Google Patents

Description

   The present invention relates to a waste heat power generation apparatus.

 Conventionally, power generation is performed by recovering waste heat energy released in factories, incineration facilities, and the like, and energy is saved by reusing electric energy obtained by this power generation. In such factories and facilities, since the generator is driven, it is easy to generate high-pressure steam, so that waste heat of about 300 ° C. or higher (in some cases close to 1000 ° C.) is used for power generation. Most of the low-temperature waste heat below ℃ was still released into the atmosphere. Therefore, it is considered that further energy saving can be realized by recovering the waste heat energy of the low-temperature waste heat that has hardly been collected in the past and performing power generation.

Patent Document 1 below discloses a waste heat power generation apparatus that generates power using waste heat energy of low-temperature waste heat of 300 ° C. or lower by a Rankine cycle using a low-boiling working medium.
In a waste heat power generation apparatus using such a Rankine cycle, as shown in Patent Document 1, an evaporator that generates steam of the working medium by exchanging heat between the waste heat medium and the working medium, and heat energy of the steam A power generation device that generates electric power from the power generation unit, a condenser that condenses the steam by performing heat exchange between the steam and the cooling medium via the power generation device, and a working medium condensed by the condenser is sent to the evaporator With a pump.

JP 2000-110514 A

  However, in a waste heat power generation apparatus that employs a Rankine cycle that uses a low-boiling working medium, piping that serves as a flow path for the low-boiling working medium, piping that serves as the flow path for the waste heat medium, and piping that serves as the flow path for the cooling medium Therefore, the piping route is complicated. For this reason, the waste heat power generator has poor maintainability and workability during assembly.

Moreover, in the said waste heat power generator, in order to establish a Rankine cycle, a heat exchanger (namely, an evaporator and a condenser) becomes very large.
For this reason, the size and shape of the waste heat power generator largely depend on the size and shape of the heat exchanger. For this reason, the problem that the freedom degree of the shape in a waste heat power generator is low also arises.

The present invention has been made in view of the above-described circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to improve maintenance performance and workability during assembly in a waste heat power generation apparatus that employs a Rankine cycle using a working medium.
Furthermore, an object of the present invention is to increase the degree of freedom of shape in a waste heat power generation apparatus that employs a Rankine cycle that uses a working medium.

 In order to achieve the above object, in the present invention, as a first solving means related to a waste heat power generator, an evaporator that generates steam of the working medium by exchanging heat between the waste heat medium and the working medium; A power generator that generates electric power from the thermal energy of the steam; a condenser that condenses the steam by performing heat exchange between the steam and the cooling medium via the power generator; and the condenser that is condensed by the condenser A waste heat power generation apparatus comprising a pump for sending a working medium toward the evaporator, wherein the evaporator is provided with an outlet / entrance for the waste heat medium and the working medium being integrated and oriented in the horizontal direction. The condenser has a front surface and a rear surface located on the back side of the front surface, and the condenser is provided with a centralized entrance and exit of the cooling medium and the working medium, and the front surface facing the horizontal direction, and the back surface of the front surface. With the back located The back of the back and the condenser of the evaporator so as to face, and the evaporator and the condenser, characterized in that it is opposed.

  In the present invention, as the second solving means related to the waste heat power generation apparatus, the first solving means includes a plurality of at least one of the evaporator and the condenser.

  In the present invention, as the third solving means relating to the waste heat power generation apparatus, in the first or second solving means, the condenser is disposed between the condenser and the pump and is condensed by the condenser. And a tank for temporarily storing the working medium.

  In the present invention, as the fourth solving means relating to the waste heat power generator, in any one of the first to third solving means, the tank is disposed below the condenser. .

  In the present invention, as a fifth solving means relating to the waste heat power generator, in any one of the first to fourth solving means, the pump is disposed at a lowermost part of the working medium flow path. Features.

 According to the present invention, in the evaporator and the condenser, the medium inlet / outlet (waste heat medium, working medium, and cooling medium inlet / outlet) is concentrated on the front of each device. For this reason, piping connection work and maintenance work in the evaporator and condenser, which are heat exchangers, can be performed together on the front of each device, improving the maintainability of the waste heat power generator and the workability during assembly. Can be made.

Further, according to the present invention, the evaporator and the condenser are arranged so that the back surfaces not provided with the medium inlet / outlet face each other.
That is, in the present invention, the areas where maintenance and assembly work are not performed are arranged to face each other.
For this reason, the dead space in the waste heat power generation apparatus can be reduced, and the waste heat power generation apparatus can be downsized.

It is a block diagram which shows the outline of the whole structure of the waste heat power generator in one Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the external appearance of the waste heat power generator in one Embodiment of this invention. It is the perspective view which abbreviate | omitted the flow path piping in FIG.

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an outline of the overall configuration of a waste heat power generator G according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing an appearance of the waste heat power generator G according to one embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view in which the flow path piping in FIG. 2 is omitted.
As shown in these drawings, the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment includes a Rankine cycle including an evaporator 1, a turbine generator 2 (power generation apparatus), a condenser 3, a pump 4, and a reservoir tank 5 (tank). This is a power generation device that uses the heat energy of the waste heat medium (warm water X) of about 300 ° C. or less that is discharged from factories or incineration facilities. The waste heat medium is not limited to the hot water X, and a gas released from a factory or an incineration facility can also be used.

In the evaporator 1, hot water X discharged from a factory or the like and the working medium Y sent from the pump 4 are supplied through different paths, and heat is exchanged inside to generate steam of the working medium Y. It is.
As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality (two in the present embodiment) of the evaporator 1 is provided and is supported by the gantry 6.
As shown in FIG. 3, each evaporator 1 is shaped in a box shape having a front surface 1A facing in the horizontal direction and a back surface 1B located on the back side of the front surface 1A. And in each evaporator 1, the entrance / exit of the hot water X and the working medium Y is integrated and provided in the front 1A. More specifically, each evaporator 1 is provided with an inlet 1a for hot water X, an outlet 1b for hot water X, an inlet 1c for working medium Y, and an outlet 1d for working medium Y as the aforementioned entrances and exits. . An inlet 1 a for hot water X and an outlet 1 d for the working medium Y are arranged side by side on the evaporator 1, and an outlet 1 b for the hot water X and an inlet 1 c for the working medium Y are arranged on the bottom of the evaporator 1. Is arranged in.

As shown in FIG. 2, the waste heat power generation apparatus G includes a hot water supply pipe 11 (flow path pipe) for supplying hot water X to the evaporator 1 and hot water for recovering the hot water X from the evaporator 1. A recovery pipe 12 (channel pipe) is provided.
As shown in FIG. 2, the inlets 1 a for the hot water X in the two evaporators 1 are connected in parallel to the hot water supply pipe 11. Further, the outlets 1 b of the hot water X in the two evaporators 1 are connected in parallel to the hot water recovery pipe 12. That is, the two evaporators 1 are connected in parallel to the hot water X channel piping.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the waste heat power generation apparatus G includes a circulation pipe 13 (a working medium flow path) that circulates the working medium Y.
As shown in FIG. 2, the inlet 1c of the working medium Y in the two evaporators 1 is connected in parallel to the circulation pipe 13 on the upstream side of the outlet 1d of the working medium Y. Further, the outlet 1 d of the working medium Y in the two evaporators 1 is connected in parallel to the circulation pipe 13 on the downstream side of the inlet 1 c of the working medium Y. That is, the two evaporators 1 are connected in parallel to the flow path piping of the working medium Y.

The turbine generator 2 generates power while expanding the steam generated by the evaporator 1, and is disposed in the middle of the circulation pipe 13 as shown in FIG. 2. More specifically, the turbine generator 2 is disposed between the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 in the flow direction of the working medium Y.
The turbine generator 2 is supported by the gantry 6 and is disposed slightly above the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3. Thereby, even if the working medium Y aggregates in the circulation pipe 13, it can be prevented that the working medium Y is supplied to the turbine generator 2 in a liquid state.

  The condenser 3 is supplied with cooling water Z (cooling medium) and steam (working medium Y) after passing through the turbine generator 2 through different paths, and exchanges heat inside to thereby obtain the working medium Y. Condensed.

As shown in FIG. 2, a plurality of (four in the present embodiment) condensers 3 are provided and are supported by the gantry 6.
As shown in FIG. 3, each condenser 3 is configured in a box shape having a front surface 3 </ b> A facing in the horizontal direction and a back surface 3 </ b> B located on the back side of the front surface 3 </ b> A. And in each condenser 3, the entrance / exit of the cooling water Z and the working medium Y is integrated and provided in the front surface 3A. More specifically, each condenser 3 is provided with an inlet 3a for the cooling water Z, an outlet 3b for the cooling water Z, an inlet 3c for the working medium Y, and an outlet 3d for the working medium Y as the above-described entrances and exits. ing. In addition, an inlet 3a for the cooling water Z and an outlet 3d for the working medium Y are arranged side by side under the condenser 3, and the outlet 3b for the cooling water Z and the inlet 3c for the working medium Y are the condenser 3. It is arranged side by side at the top.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the waste heat power generation apparatus G collects the cooling water Z from the condenser 3 and the cooling water supply pipe 14 (channel pipe) for supplying the condenser 3 with the cooling water Z. And a cooling water recovery pipe 15 (flow pipe).
The inlets 3 a of the cooling water Z in the four condensers 3 are connected in parallel to the cooling water supply pipe 14. The outlets 3 b of the cooling water Z in the four condensers 3 are connected in parallel to the cooling water recovery pipe 15. That is, the four condensers 3 are connected in parallel to the flow path piping of the cooling water Z.

  Further, the inlets 3 c of the working medium Y in the four condensers 3 are connected in parallel to the circulation pipe 13 on the upstream side of the outlet 1 d of the working medium Y. Further, the outlet 3d of the working medium Y in the four evaporators 1 is connected in parallel to the circulation pipe 13 on the downstream side of the inlet 3c of the working medium Y. That is, the four condensers 3 are connected in parallel to the flow path piping of the working medium Y.

And in the waste heat power generation apparatus G of this embodiment, as shown in FIG.2 and FIG.3, the evaporator 1 and the condenser so that the back surface 1B of the evaporator 1 and the back surface 3B of the condenser 3 face each other. 3 are arranged opposite to each other.
That is, in the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment, the inlet / outlet of the medium (the outlet / inlet of the waste heat medium, the working medium, and the cooling medium) is concentrated on the front of the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3, and the outlet of the medium is provided. The back surfaces 3B of the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 that are not facing each other are opposed to each other.

The pump 4 pressurizes the working medium Y condensed by the condenser 3 and sends it out toward the evaporator 1, and is supported and arranged by the gantry 6.
As shown in FIG. 2, the pump 4 is disposed at the lowermost portion of the circulation pipe 13, and is specifically disposed between the reservoir tank 5 and the evaporator 1 in the flow direction of the working medium Y. .

  The reservoir tank 5 temporarily stores the working medium Y, and is disposed between the condenser 3 and the pump 4 in the flow direction of the working medium Y. The reservoir tank 5 is connected to an intermediate portion of the circulation pipe 13 and is supported by the gantry 6 so as to be disposed below the condenser 3.

Further, the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment includes a shutoff valve 7, a bypass flow path 8, and a bypass valve 9.
The shut-off valve 7 stops supply of the working medium Y to the turbine generator 2 in an emergency or the like, and is provided for the circulation pipe 13 on the upstream side of the turbine generator 2.
The bypass flow path 8 is a flow path for flowing the working medium Y while avoiding the turbine generator 2 when the circulation pipe 13 is closed by the shutoff valve 7. Are connected to each other.
The bypass valve 9 is provided for the bypass flow path 8, and closes the bypass flow path 8 in a state where the shut-off valve 7 opens the circulation pipe 13, and the shut-off valve 7 closes the circulation pipe 13. The bypass flow path 8 is opened in the state where it is present.

In the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment, it is preferable to use a working medium Y having a low boiling point so as to enable power generation using waste heat energy of low temperature waste heat of about 300 ° C. or lower. .
Specifically, hydrofluoroether (HFE), fluorocarbon, fluoroketone, perfluoropolyether, or the like can be used as the working medium Y.

Next, the operation of the waste heat power generator G of this embodiment will be described.
When the pump 4 is driven, the working medium Y circulates in the circulation pipe 13 by being pumped by the pump 4. More specifically, the working medium Y is pumped from the pump 4 in the order of the evaporator 1, the turbine generator 2, the condenser 3, and the reservoir tank 5, and returns to the pump 4 again.
On the other hand, the hot water X is supplied to the evaporator 1 through the hot water supply pipe 11, and the cooling water Z is supplied to the condenser 3 through the cooling water supply pipe 14. For this reason, the working medium Y is vaporized in the evaporator 1, and the working medium Y is condensed in the condenser 3.

  The working medium Y pumped from the pump 4 is evaporated by the evaporator 1 and supplied to the turbine generator 2 as steam. The working medium Y supplied to the turbine generator 2 drives the turbine generator 2 while expanding. As a result, the turbine generator 2 generates power. The steam working medium Y that has passed through the turbine generator 2 is condensed by being cooled by the condenser 3. The working medium Y condensed by the condenser 3 is pressurized by the pump 4 and sent out toward the evaporator 1 again.

  Thus, in the waste heat power generation apparatus G of this embodiment, power generation using the waste heat energy of low temperature waste heat is performed by repeating evaporation and condensation of the working medium Y.

Next, the effect of the waste heat power generator G of the present embodiment as described above will be described.
In the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment, in the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3, the outlets and outlets of the medium (the inlets and outlets of the hot water X, the working medium Y, and the cooling water Z) are concentrated on the front of each device. For this reason, the connection work and maintenance work of the flow path piping in the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 which are heat exchangers can be performed collectively on the front face of each device. The workability can be improved.

Further, according to the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment, the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3 are arranged with their back surfaces that are not provided with a medium inlet / outlet facing each other.
That is, in the waste heat power generation apparatus G of this embodiment, the areas where maintenance and assembly work are not performed are arranged to face each other.
For this reason, the dead space in the waste heat power generator G can be reduced, and the waste heat power generator G can be downsized.

Further, the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment includes a plurality of evaporators 1 and condensers 3.
That is, the working medium Y can be divided into a plurality of evaporators 1 and evaporated, and the working medium Y can be divided into a plurality of condensers 3 and condensed.
For this reason, it is not necessary to install a very large heat exchanger, and the need to make the size and shape of the waste heat power generator dependent on the size and shape of the heat exchanger is reduced. For this reason, the freedom degree of the shape in the waste heat power generator G can be raised.

  Further, like the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment, the working medium Y can be divided into a plurality of evaporators 1 and evaporated, and the working medium Y is divided into a plurality of condensers 3 and condensed. When it is adopted, it is possible to finely adjust the evaporation capacity and the condensation capacity by changing the number of installed evaporators 1 and condensers 3.

Moreover, since a large-sized heat exchanger becomes a custom-made product, the manufacturing cost may increase rather than manufacturing a plurality of small heat exchangers. On the other hand, like the waste heat power generation apparatus G of this embodiment, the working medium Y can be divided into a plurality of evaporators 1 and evaporated, and the working medium Y is divided into a plurality of condensers 3 and condensed. In the case of adopting such a configuration, since a small heat exchanger is used, the apparatus cost can be reduced.
In addition, since the same type of heat exchanger can be used as the evaporator 1 and the condenser 3, the apparatus cost can be further reduced by mass-producing the same type of heat exchanger. There is.

Furthermore, in the waste heat power generator G of the present embodiment, the hot water supply pipe 11 and the hot water recovery pipe 12 are pipes having the same shape. Further, the cooling water supply pipe 14 and the cooling water recovery pipe 15 are formed in the same shape.
By using pipes having the same shape in this way, the unit price per pipe can be reduced and the apparatus cost can be further reduced as compared with the case of using pipes having different shapes.

In addition, the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment includes a reservoir tank 5 that is disposed between the condenser 3 and the pump 4 and temporarily stores the working medium Y condensed by the condenser 3. Yes.
For this reason, even if the working medium Y discharged from the condenser 3 decreases for some reason, the working medium Y stored in the reservoir tank 5 in advance is supplied to the pump 4. Therefore, the occurrence of cavitation in the pump 4 can be suppressed.

In the waste heat power generator G of the present embodiment, the reservoir tank 5 is disposed below the condenser 3.
For this reason, the working medium Y condensed by the condenser 3 is naturally stored in the reservoir tank 5 by the action of gravity. Therefore, a large amount of working medium Y can always be stored in the reservoir tank 5, and the reservoir tank 5 can be prevented from becoming empty.

Moreover, in the waste heat power generator G of this embodiment, the pump 4 is arrange | positioned at the lowest part of the circulation piping 13. FIG.
That is, in the waste heat power generation apparatus G of the present embodiment, the pump 4 is arranged at a place where the liquid working medium Y is most easily collected.
For this reason, it is possible to prevent cavitation from occurring in the pump 4 without supplying the working medium Y to the pump 4.

  As mentioned above, although preferred embodiment of this invention was described referring an accompanying drawing, it cannot be overemphasized that this invention is not limited to the said embodiment. Various shapes, combinations, and the like of the constituent members shown in the above-described embodiments are examples, and various modifications can be made based on design requirements and the like without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

For example, in the above embodiment, the configuration including two evaporators 1 and four condensers has been described.
However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration including one or more evaporators 1 and condensers 3 can be employed.

   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Evaporator, 1A ... Front, 1B ... Back, 1a ... Hot water inlet, 1b ... Hot water outlet, 1c ... Working medium inlet, 1d ... Working medium outlet, 2 ... Turbine Generator (power generator), 3 ... condenser, 3A ... front, 3B ... back, 3a ... cooling water inlet, 3b ... cooling water outlet, 3c ... working medium inlet, 3d ... Working medium outlet, 4 ... pump, 5 ... reservoir tank (tank), 6 ... stand, 7 ... shut-off valve, 8 ... bypass flow path, 9 ... bypass valve, 11 ... hot water supply pipe ( Flow path piping), 12 ... Hot water recovery pipe (flow path piping), 13 ... Circulation pipe (working medium flow path), 14 ... Cooling water supply pipe (flow path piping), 15 ... Cooling water recovery pipe ( Channel piping), X ... Warm water (waste heat medium), Y ... Working medium, Z ... Cooling water (cooling medium)

Claims (8)

An evaporator that generates steam of the working medium by exchanging heat between the waste heat medium and the working medium, a power generator that generates power from the heat energy of the steam, and the evaporator are provided separately. A condenser that condenses the steam by performing heat exchange between the steam and the cooling medium via the power generation device, and a pump that sends the working medium condensed in the condenser toward the evaporator. A waste heat power generator comprising:
The evaporator has a front surface facing in the horizontal direction and a back surface located on the back side of the front surface, and the entrances and exits of the waste heat medium and the working medium are integrated on the front surface of the evaporator,
The condenser has a front surface facing in the horizontal direction and a back surface located on the back side of the front surface, and the inlets and outlets of the cooling medium and the working medium are aggregated and provided on the front surface of the condenser,
A waste heat power generation apparatus in which the evaporator and the condenser are arranged to face each other so that the back face of the evaporator faces the back face of the condenser.   The waste heat power generator according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of at least one of the evaporator and the condenser.   The waste heat power generator according to claim 1 or 2, further comprising a tank that is disposed between the condenser and the pump and temporarily stores a working medium condensed by the condenser.   The waste heat power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the tank is disposed below the condenser.   The waste heat power generator according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pump is disposed at a lowermost portion of the working medium flow path. A waste heat medium inlet / outlet connected to a waste heat medium supply pipe and a waste heat medium recovery pipe, including a first front face facing in a horizontal direction and a first back face located behind the first front face And an evaporator in which the inlet / outlet of the working medium connected to the flow pipe of the working medium is disposed on the first front surface;
Provided separately from the evaporator, including a second front surface facing in the horizontal direction and a second back surface located on the back side of the second front surface, the coolant supply pipe and the coolant recovery pipe The inlet / outlet of the cooling medium connected and the inlet / outlet of the working medium connected to the flow pipe of the working medium are arranged on the second front surface, and the second back surface is the first of the evaporator. A condenser disposed opposite the back of the
Waste heat power generation device having.   A plurality of the evaporators are provided, and each of the waste heat medium inlets disposed on the first front surface of each of the plurality of evaporators is connected in parallel to the supply pipe of the waste heat medium. Each of the outlets of the waste heat medium disposed on the first front surface of each of the plurality of evaporators is connected in parallel to the recovery pipe of the waste heat medium. Waste heat power generator.   A plurality of the condensers are provided, and each of the inlets of the cooling medium disposed on the second front surface of each of the plurality of condensers is connected in parallel to the supply pipe of the cooling medium, The waste heat power generator according to claim 7, wherein each of the outlets of the cooling medium disposed on the second front surface of each of the plurality of condensers is connected in parallel to the recovery pipe of the cooling medium. .

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