JP5883725B2 - Floating body display device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a display device capable of displaying an image three-dimensionally in a space.

  Conventionally, technologies for displaying images in three dimensions have been studied. Due to improvements in liquid crystal display technology and plasma display technology in recent years, a stereoscopic display method utilizing high-speed display and high-definition display has been used. Commercialization of display devices is also progressing.

  As a specific example of the stereoscopic display method, for example, as described in Patent Document 1, left eye video and right eye video having parallax are alternately displayed on a screen, and shutter glasses having a liquid crystal shutter, for example, are used as left eye video. When the left is displayed, the left shutter is opened and the right shutter is closed, and when the right eye image is displayed, the right shutter is opened and the left shutter is closed. The technology to make it known is known.

  Further, as described in Patent Document 2, light information of an object on the opposite side of the observer is guided to the air between the observer and the plane reflection section orthogonal to the observer via the plane reflection section orthogonal to the observer. Thus, a technique for easily forming a stereoscopic image is known.

JP 2009-232249 A International Publication Number W02009-131128

  In general, in a display device that can display a stereoscopic image (that is, a display device that allows a viewer to perceive a stereoscopic image), in order to increase the realism and power of the image, the viewer is more stereoscopic. It is preferable to perceive (a sense of depth or a sense of distance).

  However, in the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above, the right-eye video and the left-eye video are used to reproduce different parallaxes in the image area so as to perceive a stereoscopic effect. 3D image setting (depth direction) and viewing posture are required.

  In the prior art disclosed in Patent Document 2, the light diffusion direction is reversed between the display object side and the observer side, so that the object can be perceived by being reversed or the observer can observe in the air. However, it is difficult to give viewers a sufficient three-dimensional effect, such as being limited, and complicated conditions for reflectors to ensure light continuity.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and the video perceived by the viewer is unaware of the presence of reflectors and diffusers such as a screen, and the contrast of brightness and darkness is high. A technology that can visually recognize high-quality images with little blinking of light (flicker), and can be observed as if the images are floating in the air by widening the viewing area from the surroundings. Is to provide.

  The floating body display device of the present invention emits a plurality of light beams in accordance with the light control / driving means for controlling / driving at least one of the direction, light intensity, wavelength, and light emission period of light, and the control / driving. The light generation means arranges each of the plurality of emitted light rays so as to intersect (intersection) with other light rays at least once within a desired range, and The position information is held as an intersection map.

  The light beam control / drive means obtains the intersection map and the light reproduction information of each intersection, and controls / drives at least one of the direction, light intensity, wavelength, and light emission period of the light beam. It is. Further, in the case of light reproduction information in which at least two light beams intersect with each other within the desired range and the respective intersections emit light, the light beam control / drive means transmits the light emission period of each intersection. Are controlled and driven so as to make them different.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that the light generation means is vibrated at a high speed of, for example, 30 Hz or more, and the light reproduction information for the intersection map is moved and set so as to absorb the vibration amount according to the vibration amount.

  Further, the present invention is characterized in that when the light beam generating means vibrates and moves at a low speed such as camera shake, the light reproduction information for the intersection map is moved and set so as to absorb the vibration amount according to the movement amount. It is.

  Even when the number of light rays and the number of light spots are increased, the same processing as described above is performed.

  According to the present invention, at least two light rays that intersect with each other within a desired range are in an observation condition that enters the right eye and the left eye of the observer, and the line of sight of both eyes converges near the intersection (convergence). ), It is perceived as a light spot within the desired range (on the space), so that a high-quality video can be provided regardless of the viewing environment of the viewer.

1 is a block diagram of a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is a timing diagram which supplements 1st Example. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example. It is a block diagram of the display apparatus which concerns on 2nd Example of this invention. It is a figure explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example of this invention. It is a timing diagram explaining the light generation part 6 of 1st Example of this invention.

  Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each drawing or each embodiment, elements having the same configuration, function, or action are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.

  First, the configuration of the display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. 1, 3 and 4 show a display device according to a first embodiment of the present invention, which is a projection display device capable of displaying a plane (2D) or stereoscopic (3D) image by a floating body display method, and The relationship with the observer to observe is shown with the block diagram.

  1, 3, and 4, 1 is a 2D / 3D optical model information signal, 2 is a light model information signal, 3 is a light map processing unit, 4 is a light control / drive unit, 5 is a timing generation unit, and 6 is a light beam. The generation unit 7 is a display target region, 8L / R is the left / right eye of the observer 8, and 9 is a specific positional relationship between the light generation unit 6 and the left / right eye 8L / R of the observer (general An area that can be displayed in 2D / 3D when in an adult), and 10 is a light emitting part. 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are shown in a plan view (side view), the light beam generation unit 6 is configured by arranging a plurality of light beam emission units 10 in an array, 7, 8, 9, and 10 are shown in a plan view (side view), but also have a light emitting unit 10 in the depth direction of the light generating unit 6.

7 and 9 and FIGS. 8 and 10 show an example of light output from the light emitting unit 10. FIG. 12 shows an example of light output from the plurality of light emitting units 10. FIG. 13 shows an example of a timing diagram for each of the plurality of light emitting units 10. However, the dot representing the light beam is a conceptual diagram of the raster scan result of the beam light, and does not represent the timing. The light emitting unit 10 may be a plurality of light sources and a lens for controlling the direction, or may be composed of a plurality of light sources for each direction.
In FIG. 9, 11 is a light source driving unit, 12 is a light source having a specific wavelength, 13 is a collimating lens for beam light, 14 is a mirror control / driving unit, 15 and 16 are biaxial oscillating mirrors, In this configuration, the beam light reflected from 16 is raster scanned. In FIG. 10, 17 is a coupling unit, 18 is a light guide path, 19 is a vibration unit for vibrating the light guide path 18, and 20 is a vibration control / drive unit. The beam light is configured to perform raster scanning or spiral scanning. .

Next, the operation of the display apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described.
Here, the display device according to the present embodiment will be described using a laser light source that is a light beam and that can be easily modulated at high speed as a light source. Of course, the LED light source may be used together with an optical component for condensing in a beam shape or a light amount modulation component.

  The driving method of the biaxial oscillating mirrors 15 and 16 and the excitation unit 19 may be any one that oscillates the mirror and the light guide path, such as electromagnetic induction, piezoelectric driving, and electrostatic driving. For the sake of explanation, the oscillating mirror 6 has a size of φL = 1.5 mm and oscillates in one axial direction having a resonance period of 25 kHz (H oscillation), and the oscillating mirror 7 oscillates at a period of 60 Hz. The mirror drive unit 5 is driven by a 60 Hz low speed swing signal v_drive and a 25 kHz high speed swing signal h_drive. The swing angle is adjusted by the amplitude of this swing signal.

  Here, for the sake of explanation, the spot diameter (beam diameter) is generally defined as a spot diameter (beam diameter) where the beam radiation intensity is 1 / e2 (13.5%) of the peak value or value on the optical axis. Now, it is assumed that the image to be displayed has a size that satisfies a desired resolution, and that the visible light has wavelengths λr = 640 nm, λg = 530 nm, and λb = 450 nm.

  The number of light beams emitted from the light beam generation unit 6 is determined by the number and operation of the light beam emission units 10. The present invention relates to a method for controlling and driving individual light beams, and will be described with reference to representative light beams. Of course, the display quality is determined by the light density and the driving speed.

  The light model information signal 1 is 2D / 3D display information (light model information) having light information such as coordinate information representing the shape of an object to be displayed and light reflection / transmission information. For example, stereoscopic information generated by CAD or the like. Alternatively, it is stereoscopic information captured by a 2D / 3D camera or a measuring instrument, and various image processing may be performed as necessary.

  The ray model information signal 2 indicates ray numbers BM_x, B_x and intersection coordinates (x, y, z) of rays that intersect with each other among rays emitted by the ray generator 6. The signal format of the light beam model information signal 2 may be any signal format suitable for subsequent processing, such as a light beam unit or an intersection unit.

  The light ray map processing unit 3 decomposes the light model information signal 1 directly or by various interpolation processes into each intersection coordinate included in the light ray model information signal 2 and light ray information for each light ray, thereby generating (mapping) a light matrix information signal. To do. Note that a light beam to be displayed in the light model defined by the light matrix information signal has one to a plurality of intersection coordinates and intensity information for one light beam.

  FIG. 1 shows five rays (B_1, 2, 3, 4, 5) and three intersections (1-3, 2-, 2) among the rays emitted by the ray generator 6 that becomes the display target region 7 of the light model 1. 3-4-5), and shows the state when the observer reaches the right eye 8R and the left eye 8L, which will be described below.

  The timing generation unit 5 generates a vertical / horizontal synchronization signal v_sync (for example, 60 Hz) h_sync (for example, 50 kHz) and a subframe signal t_div (for the same 120 Hz), for example, according to the timing diagram of FIG. Here, for explanation, the number of frame divisions is two. Of course, depending on the number of rays and the number of intersections, the frame speed and the number of frame divisions are preferably 50 Hz or higher so as not to feel flicker (blinking of apparent light), but of course may be increased or decreased.

  The light beam control / driving unit 4 measures the light emission timing of the corresponding light beam and the intersection from the light matrix information on the basis of the synchronization signals v_sync, h_sync and the subframe signal t_div, and the drive signal drv_x indicating the light emission intensity with the signal amplitude (Drv_1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in the figure).

  The light beam generation unit 6 drives the light beam BM_x to emit light under the driving condition of drv_x. When applied to FIG. 1, the light beams B_1 to 5 are driven to emit light under the driving conditions of drv_1 to 5, respectively. That is, two light beams that represent the same intersection point are driven to emit light at different times (synchronous or asynchronous) within the same subframe within the time when visual afterimage and afterimage afterglow effects can be expected, although they are desirable at the same time. It is. Further, different intersections on the same ray may be driven by different subframes so as to make the times different.

  FIG. 12 shows an example of a state in which the two light beam emitting units 10 raster scan the beam light and the light beams intersect within the subframe for the sake of simplicity. Furthermore, the light ray state of the intersections 1-3 and 2-3 which generate | occur | produce each 2 planes (Subfram1,2) of a specific plane is shown. The places where the light beams intersect are not limited to this, and the light beams are generated between different light beams or on different planes, and the generation positions of the individual intersection points can be specified. FIG. 13 shows the raster scan of each of the two light emitting sections 10, and the generation position and timing of the beam light forming the intersections 1-3 and 2-3. The intersection 1-3 emits the beam light from the light emitting unit 10 at the raster scan position corresponding to the subframe 2 (Subfram2) period. On the other hand, in the subframe 1 (Subfram1) period, the light beam is not limited to the intersection point 1-3, and may be emitted as beam light at different intersection points. The same applies to the intersection 2-3.

  Note that the subframe is limited to two times, and the case where two different intersections are represented by one light beam is shown, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any increase or decrease may be used.

  The above operation is performed in the same manner for a light beam (not shown), and the input light model information is displayed in the display target area 7. It should be noted that the display areas and intersections described in the present embodiment may be either a planar arrangement or a three-dimensional arrangement, and are determined by the subjectivity of the observer 8.

  Further, in the present embodiment, when the light generation unit 6 is slightly shaken or moved due to external vibration or internal vibration, the amount of movement or movement xyz_shift is measured and returned to the light map processing unit 3 to be shaken. A vibration correction function is added to map the light model information by moving the light model information by the amount and the movement amount xyz_shift, and the function is ON / OFF controlled based on the situation determination by system control (not shown). That is, even when the light beam generation unit 6 vibrates, the display target area 7 holds the same place.

  Although not shown in the figure, the light beam generation unit 6 is forcibly periodically excited and the vibration correction function is used to increase the apparent intersection point by moving the light beam position, that is, the intersection point position. The reproduction accuracy (resolution) of the optical model may be improved.

  3 and 4 show an example of the structural dimensions and the light beam scanning angle relationship of the above-described embodiment. Of course this is not the case. The right eye left eye 8R / L of the observer 8 has an eye width Δd (= 65 mm), a pupil φI (= φ7 mm), a width W (= 283 mm) of one side of the light generation unit 6, and the center of both eyes 8R / 8L. The center of the display target area 7 (40 × 80 × 80) is set to L (= 300 mm) to the center of the light beam generation unit 6 and from the light beam generation unit 6 to K (= 100 mm).

  The plurality of light emitting units 10 constituting the light generating unit 6 are arranged in an array at intervals of P = 4 mm. When the horizontal maximum angle θH / θV of the light beams emitted by the respective light beam emitting units 10 is 30 degrees, the displayable areas 9 that can reach the right eye / left eye 8R / 8L after the light beams intersect each other are point drawings. This is a triangular range with the base W and the height S1 (= about 240 mm) shown. If the light ray generator 6 has a depth (in the drawing direction), the range of the displayable area 9 according to the shape is determined. BM_1 to 4 in the drawing represent light rays that enter the eyeball from the light beam emitting units 10 at the extreme ends of the light beam generation unit 6. A reproduction target area 7 exists in the range of the displayable area 9, and three intersections are expressed by five rays B_1 to B-5.

  On the other hand, FIG. 4 shows the relationship when the position of the observer 8 is moved 32.5 mm to the right. In a part of the reproduction target area 7 that protrudes from the displayable area 9, the intersection cannot be displayed, that is, an area that the observer 8 cannot perceive. At the three intersections, the intersection 4-5 cannot be displayed, and the intersections 1-3 and 2-3 are displayed by the rays B_6 and B_9 and the rays B_7 and B_8, respectively.

  Here, the arrangement of the light emitting unit 10 of the light generating unit 6 is set to the curved surface shape of R = 300 shown in FIG. 5 or the inclined shape shown in FIG. You may plan. In the case of FIGS. 5 and 6, the light ray generation unit 6 can secure the reproducible region 9 equivalent to the case where the width W is expanded to the width W ′. As long as the reproduction target area 7 can be secured by expanding the displayable area 9, the shape such as the curvature and the inclination angle may be any.

  When the two light beams forming the intersection by the above processing reach the right eye / left eye 8R / 8L of the observer 8, respectively, and when the line of sight of both eyes converges (converges) near the intersection, the desired Perceived as a light spot within the range (in space).

  In addition, since the light points at a plurality of intersections can be reproduced independently for one light beam, the resolution can be improved. In addition, since the intersection map vibrates at high speed, the density of the intersection map can be apparently increased, that is, the sense of resolution can be improved. Even if the intersection map vibrates and moves at low speed, the same light emitting point of interest moves on the intersection map according to the amount of movement, so the observer can fix the light emitting point in the same space. It is possible to perceive as if

  As a result, it is possible to observe as if the light emitter is floating in an empty space. In addition, since the light spot is reproduced for each angle viewed by the observer, it is also possible to obtain a natural three-dimensional object with a moving object field of view.

  In the above, the case where the same ray is driven by the number of intersections in a time-sharing manner is shown, but it uses the afterimage effect of the eye, and depending on the blinking cycle, it is inevitable to mix colors with other intersections, but the blinking cycle The color mixture is reduced by optimizing the color.

  In addition, when the observer 8 perceives an illuminant in the air by aligning the viewpoint with the display target area, the observer 8 is conscious of the presence (light) of each intersection emitting unit 10 on the surface of the light beam generating unit 6 ahead of the line of sight. The light intensity of each light ray is equivalent to the light intensity in the natural world and is weak, and only light rays reaching the pupils of both eyes 8R / 8L are perceived and various intersections are reproduced. Dispersion throughout, that is, the presence of the light model on the surface of the light generation unit 6 appears as a random light distribution that is difficult to see, so that it is possible to perceive light emitters in the air.

  Although an example of the control / drive signal distribution method to the light emitting unit 10 in the light generating unit 6 and the size and arrangement relationship of the light emitting unit 10 has been shown, the number of intersections necessary to reproduce the light model Any arrangement may be used as long as it can be arranged so as to obtain a light beam capable of ensuring the above.

  The light generation unit 6 may use a liquid crystal panel, a DMD element manufactured by Texas Instruments, Inc., or the like. It goes without saying that the viewing angle can be expanded by the same processing as described above, by expanding the display area of the light beam generating unit 6 and expanding the emission angle of the light beam emitting unit 10.

Next, a display device according to a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
In this embodiment, an input video signal video having video information of 2D and 3D still images and moving images for a plurality of viewpoints and an image processing unit 20 are added to the display device of the first embodiment (FIG. 1). It is a configuration.

  The image processing unit 20 performs frame rate conversion, scaling, resolution conversion, etc. for each viewpoint or between viewpoints for 2D or 3D still images and moving image information for a plurality of viewpoints of the input video signal video, and develops them into the optical model information 1 To do. In addition, the light emitting unit 10 in the light generating unit 6 drives laser light sources 12r, g, and b composed of at least three primary colors R / G / B. The input video signal video may be video information that matches the shape of the display target area 7 in advance.

  As described above, according to the present embodiment, when the observer 8 observes with one eye, there is a harmful effect that the viewer cannot perceive stereoscopic vision. It is possible to visually recognize high-quality 3D images with still images and moving images without being conscious of the existence of objects, and to make the image appear in the space by widening the viewing area from the surroundings. It is possible to observe.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to independently reproduce the light points at a plurality of intersections with respect to one light beam, so that the sense of resolution can be improved. In addition, since the intersection map vibrates at high speed, the density of the intersection map can be apparently increased, that is, the sense of resolution can be improved.

  Even if the intersection map vibrates and moves at low speed, the same light emitting point of interest moves on the intersection map according to the amount of movement, so the observer can fix the light emitting point in the same space. It is possible to perceive as if As a result, it is possible to observe as if the light emitter is floating in an empty space.

  In addition, since the light spot is reproduced for each angle viewed by the observer, it is also possible to obtain a natural three-dimensional object with a moving object field of view.

1 ... 2D / 3D light model information signal, 2 ... light model information signal, 3 ... light map processing unit,
4 ... light beam control / drive unit, 5 ... timing generation unit, 6 ... light beam generation unit, 7 ... display target region,
8L / R ... left eye / right eye of observer 8, 9 ... displayable area, 10 ... light emitting part,
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Light source drive part, 12 ... Light source which has specific wavelength, 13 ... Collimating lens,
14 ... Mirror control / drive unit, 15, 16 ... Biaxial oscillating mirror, 17 ... Coupling unit,
18 ... light guide, 19 ... excitation unit, 20 ... excitation control / drive unit

Claims (8)

In a floating body display device for displaying images in space,
A first and a second light ray generator for raster scanning the light beam,
A ray map processing unit that generates an optical matrix information signal having information on intersections between rays and light emission intensity at the intersections from display information of the image;
A timing generator for generating a horizontal / vertical synchronization signal and a subframe signal for dividing one frame of video into a plurality of subframes;
Based on the light matrix information signal generated by the map processing unit, and the horizontal / vertical synchronization signal and subframe signal generated by the timing generation unit, the first and second light emission intensities are obtained at the intersections. A light beam control / drive unit that generates and outputs a drive signal for driving the second light beam generation unit, and
One frame of the video is divided into at least a first subframe and a second subframe;
When the subframe signal indicates the first subframe based on the information on the intersection included in the light matrix information signal, the light beam control / drive unit is configured to place the first plane on a first plane in space. Forming an intersection of the beam light from the light beam generation unit and the beam light from the second light beam generation unit, and when the subframe signal indicates the second subframe, a position different from the first plane Generating the drive signal so as to form an intersection of the beam light from the first light beam generation unit and the beam light from the second light beam generation unit in a second plane at
A floating body display device characterized by that. The floating body display device according to claim 1,
The display information of the image includes a light model information signal including coordinate information representing the shape of an object to be displayed and light reflection / transmission information, and a light beam model information signal including the coordinates of the intersection and a ray number forming the intersection. A floating body display device characterized by that. The floating body display device according to claim 1 ,
A floating body display device, wherein the amplitude of the drive signal is based on the emission intensity . The floating body display device according to claim 1 ,
The light beam generation unit has a plurality of light beam emission units for emitting light beams in a plurality of directions,
The floating body display device characterized in that each of the light emitting portions is arranged on a curved surface . The floating body display device according to claim 1 ,
The floating body display device , wherein the light beam generation unit includes a plurality of light beam emission units that emit light beams in a plurality of directions, and each of the light beam emission units is arranged on a folding plane . The floating body display device according to claim 1 ,
The floating body display device, wherein the beam light is emitted from a laser light source . The floating body display device according to claim 6 ,
The floating body display device , wherein the light beam generation unit performs a raster scan by reflecting the beam light from the laser light source by a oscillating mirror . The floating body display device according to claim 6 ,
The floating body display device , wherein the light beam generation unit performs a raster scan by guiding the light beam from the laser light source to a light guide path and moving an emission side of the light guide path .

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