JP5861560B2 - Construction efficiency evaluation system - Google Patents
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- JP5861560B2 JP5861560B2 JP2012110428A JP2012110428A JP5861560B2 JP 5861560 B2 JP5861560 B2 JP 5861560B2 JP 2012110428 A JP2012110428 A JP 2012110428A JP 2012110428 A JP2012110428 A JP 2012110428A JP 5861560 B2 JP5861560 B2 JP 5861560B2
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本発明は、特に建設工事のように集団で、階層的かつ組織的に行う工事の作業効率を評価するシステムに関するものである。 The present invention relates to a system for evaluating work efficiency of work carried out in a group, hierarchically and systematically, particularly as in construction work.
従来から、工場における作業評価方法としては、作業状態をビデオカメラ等で記録し、記録された動画をコンピュータに取り込んで、動作分析装置を用いて分析する技術が知られている（例えば、特許文献１）。 2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, as a work evaluation method in a factory, a technique is known in which a work state is recorded by a video camera or the like, a recorded moving image is taken into a computer, and analyzed using a motion analysis device (for example, Patent Literature 1).
しかし、従来の技術は、工場における個々の作業者の動作に着目して、各作業者の作業遅れを分析するものが主流であり、特に建設工事のように集団で、階層的かつ組織的に行う工事について、工事終了後に、工事現場全体での作業効率を大局的に確認し、全工事作業計画が適切であったか否かを定量的に評価することは困難であるという問題があった。 However, conventional technology is mainly used to analyze the work delays of each worker, focusing on the actions of individual workers in the factory, and especially in groups like construction work, hierarchically and systematically. Regarding the work to be performed, after completion of the work, it was difficult to confirm the overall work efficiency of the entire construction site and quantitatively evaluate whether or not the entire work plan was appropriate.
本発明の目的は前記の問題を解決し、建設工事のように集団で行い、階層的・組織的に行う作業に関し、工事管理者等によって事前に計画された全工事作業計画が適切であったか否かを定量的に評価することを可能とする工事効率評価システムを提供することである。 The object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems, and whether or not the entire construction work plan planned in advance by the construction manager etc. is appropriate with respect to the work carried out in a collective manner such as construction work and hierarchically and organizationally. It is to provide a construction efficiency evaluation system that enables quantitative evaluation.
上記課題を解決するためになされた本発明の工事効率評価システムは、隔で繰り返し撮影するインターバル撮影手段と、当該インターバル撮影によって得られた連続写真を取り込んで、写真から作業者を除去する画像処理を行う画像処理手段と、画像処理された画像処理データと予め定義付けされた位置データとに基づいて、工事現場内における各設備の位置を、各時間ごとに推定して追跡し、各設備の移動軌跡を求めるトラッキング手段を備えることを特徴とするものである。 The construction efficiency evaluation system of the present invention made to solve the above problems is an interval photographing means for repeatedly photographing at intervals, and image processing for taking a continuous photograph obtained by the interval photographing and removing an operator from the photograph. Based on the image processing means for performing the image processing, the image processed image processing data and the predefined position data, the position of each equipment in the construction site is estimated and tracked every time , A tracking means for obtaining a movement locus is provided.
請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の工事効率評価システムにおいて、トラッキング手段は、各設備位置の推定を、Ｌｕｃａｓ−Ｋａｎａｄｅ法または平均値シフト法によって行うことを特徴とするものである。 According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the construction efficiency evaluation system according to the first aspect, the tracking means performs estimation of each facility position by the Lucas-Kanade method or the average value shift method.
請求項３記載の発明は、請求項１または２に記載の工事効率評価システムにおいて、画像処理手段は、写真から作業者を除去する画像処理を、平均値法またはコードブック法によって行うことを特徴とするものである。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the construction efficiency evaluation system according to the first or second aspect , the image processing means performs image processing for removing an operator from a photograph by an average value method or a code book method. It is what.
請求項４記載の発明は、請求項３記載の工事効率評価システムにおいて、平均値法またはコードブック法によって除去しきれなかった成分を、カルマンフィルタにより除去することを特徴とするものである。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the construction efficiency evaluation system according to the third aspect, a component that could not be removed by the average value method or the code book method is removed by a Kalman filter.
請求項５記載の発明は、請求項１記載の工事効率評価システムにおいて、インターバル撮影手段は、インターバル撮影を５〜３０秒間隔で行うことを特徴とするものである。 The invention according to claim 5 is the construction efficiency evaluation system according to claim 1, wherein the interval photographing means performs interval photographing at intervals of 5 to 30 seconds.
まず、本発明に係る工事効率評価システムでは、インターバル撮影手段によって評価対象とする工事現場全域を納めた写真を元に工事効率評価を行うことにより、ビデオ撮影による動画ではデータ量が膨大になり、数日以上に亘って行われる全工事期間の工事効率評価を自動解析で行うことが困難である問題を解決した。その上で、インターバル撮影手段によって評価対象とする工事現場全域を納めた写真を、あらかじめ設定された時間間隔で繰り返し撮影し、該インターバル撮影によって得られた連続写真を取り込んで、写真から作業者を除去する画像処理を行う画像処理手段と、画像処理された画像処理データと予め定義付けされた位置データとに基づいて、工事現場内における各設備の位置を、各時間ごとに推定して追跡し、各設備の移動軌跡を求めるトラッキング手段を備える構成により、建設工事のように集団で行い、階層的・組織的に行う作業に関し、工事管理者等によって事前に計画された全工事作業計画が適切であったか否かを定量的に評価可能とした。 First, in the construction efficiency evaluation system according to the present invention, by performing construction efficiency evaluation based on a photo that includes the entire construction site to be evaluated by the interval shooting means, the amount of data in the video by video shooting becomes enormous, Solved the problem that it was difficult to automatically evaluate the construction efficiency of the whole construction period over several days. On that basis, the photograph that covers the whole construction site to be evaluated by the interval photographing means is repeatedly photographed at a preset time interval, and the continuous photograph obtained by the interval photographing is taken in. Based on image processing means for performing image processing to be removed, image processed data processed in advance, and position data defined in advance, the position of each facility in the construction site is estimated and tracked every time. In addition, with a configuration that includes a tracking means for determining the movement trajectory of each facility, all construction work plans planned in advance by construction managers etc. are appropriate for work done in a group like construction work and hierarchically and organizationally. It was made possible to evaluate quantitatively whether or not.
本発明によれば、各設備の移動軌跡から工事効率の定量的な評価が可能となるため、評価結果と工事に先立って作成されていた工事工程とを比較することで、工事技能の評価や次回工事への反映を行うこともできる。 According to the present invention, since it is possible to quantitatively evaluate the construction efficiency from the movement trajectory of each facility, it is possible to evaluate the construction skill by comparing the evaluation result with the construction process created prior to the construction. It can also be reflected in the next construction.
以下、図１のフローに従って本発明の好ましい実施形態を示す。 Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described according to the flow of FIG.
（ＳＴ１）評価対象とする工事現場全域を納めた写真を、５〜３０秒間隔で繰り返し撮影する。本発明では、ビデオ撮影による動画ではなく、インターバル撮影による前後写真を用いることで大修繕等の長期間でも記録・処理することを可能としている。 (ST1) A photograph containing the entire construction site to be evaluated is repeatedly taken at intervals of 5 to 30 seconds. In the present invention, it is possible to record and process for a long period of time such as major repairs by using front and rear photographs by interval shooting instead of moving images by video shooting.
このように、インターバル期間を５〜３０秒として、前後写真の比較を行った場合、作業者の動きは動的なデータとして検出されるのに対し、テーブル等の据え付け設備は、瞬間的な移動作業時以外は、ほぼ静止している準静的データとして検出される。すなわち（ＳＴ１）においてインターバル期間を５〜３０秒とすることにより、後段の（ＳＴ２）において作業者画像の消去に必要な条件（「設備状態は準静的だが、人は動的」）を整えることができる。 In this way, when the interval period is 5 to 30 seconds and the comparison between the front and back photographs is performed, the movement of the worker is detected as dynamic data, whereas the installation equipment such as the table moves instantaneously. Except during work, it is detected as quasi-static data that is almost stationary. In other words, by setting the interval period to 5 to 30 seconds in (ST1), the condition necessary for erasing the worker image (“equipment state is quasi-static but human is dynamic”) is prepared in (ST2). be able to.
（ＳＴ２）インターバル撮影によって得られた連続写真を取り込んで、写真から作業者を除去する画像処理を行う。写真から作業者を除去する画像処理は既存の技術、例えば、平均値法またはコードブック法によって行うことができる。 (ST2) A continuous photograph obtained by interval photographing is taken in, and image processing for removing an operator from the photograph is performed. The image processing for removing the worker from the photograph can be performed by an existing technique such as an average value method or a code book method.
（ＳＴ３）画像処理された画像処理データと予め定義付けされた位置データとに基づいて、工事現場内における各設備の位置を、各時間ごとに推定して追跡する。各設備位置の推定は、Ｌｕｃａｓ−Ｋａｎａｄｅ法または平均値シフト法によって行い、トラッキングされた各設備の移動軌跡から、作業率・並列化率・手直し率の各指標を並列計算機で自動計算する。 (ST3) Based on the image-processed image-processed data and the predefined position data, the position of each facility in the construction site is estimated and tracked every time. Each facility position is estimated by the Lucas-Kanade method or the average value shift method, and each index of the work rate, the parallelization rate, and the rework rate is automatically calculated by a parallel computer from the tracked movement trajectory of each facility.
画像処理により除去しきれなかったノイズは、下記の状態方程式（数１）およびフィルタリング方程式（数２）で定義されるカルマンフィルタにより除去することができる。 Noise that could not be removed by image processing can be removed by a Kalman filter defined by the following state equation (Equation 1) and filtering equation (Equation 2).
（ＳＴ４）各設備の移動軌跡から、工事効率（作業率・並列化率・手直し率）を評価する。本発明では、人の作業ではなく、あくまでも工事によるモノの流れを追跡し、並列計算機の効率化評価に用いられる指標との親和性がよい「モノの流れの解析」により工事効率の評価を行うことにより、工事効率評価の自動化を実現している。 (ST4) Construction efficiency (work rate, parallelization rate, rework rate) is evaluated from the movement trajectory of each facility. In the present invention, not the work of a person but the flow of goods due to construction is only tracked, and the efficiency of construction is evaluated by “analysis of the flow of goods” which has good affinity with the index used for evaluating the efficiency of parallel computers. As a result, construction efficiency evaluation is automated.
（ＳＴ５）ＳＴ４で得られた評価結果と、工事に先立って作成されていた工事工程とを比較することで、工事技能の評価や次回工事への反映を行うことができる。 (ST5) By comparing the evaluation result obtained in ST4 with the construction process created prior to the construction, the construction skill can be evaluated and reflected in the next construction.
Claims (5)
当該インターバル撮影によって得られた連続写真を取り込んで、写真から作業者を除去する画像処理を行う画像処理手段と、
画像処理された画像処理データと予め定義付けされた位置データとに基づいて、工事現場内における各設備の位置を、各時間ごとに推定して追跡し、各設備の移動軌跡を求めるトラッキング手段を備えることを特徴とする工事効率評価システム。 Interval photography means for repeatedly taking pictures of the entire construction site to be evaluated at preset time intervals,
Image processing means for capturing a continuous photograph obtained by the interval photographing and performing image processing for removing an operator from the photograph;
Tracking means for estimating and tracking the position of each facility in the construction site based on the image processing data subjected to image processing and the predefined position data for each time, and obtaining a movement locus of each facility A construction efficiency evaluation system characterized by comprising.
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