JP5854071B2 - Steel continuous casting method - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a continuous casting method of steel, and more particularly to a continuous casting method in which occurrence of surface cracks is suppressed.

  In order to secure the strength of the steel, C, V, Nb, Ni and the like are added. Steel containing these components is generally produced by continuous casting, but surface cracks may occur in the slab after continuous casting. Since this surface crack expands in the subsequent rolling process and becomes a defect in the product, it is forced to be treated with a grinder before rolling, which not only increases the man-hours, but also the surface crack is large and is removed by the care process. When this is difficult, the slab was disposed of, which contributed to a decrease in yield.

  One such surface crack is a grain boundary crack along the prior austenite (γ) grain boundary. This is thought to be due to the opening of brittle old γ grain boundaries due to stress during straightening at the bending straightening point of continuous casting. As a conventional countermeasure, the bending correction point passing temperature is removed from the high temperature embrittlement region of 850 to 600 ° C. In general, the slab is slowly cooled down to the high temperature side of 850 ° C. or higher.

For example, Patent Document 1 describes that the surface of a steel slab is cooled to 550 ° C. or lower between the mold outlet and the straightening zone, and then reheated to 850 ° C. or higher to perform correction.
Further, in Patent Document 2, when the surface temperature of the slab is cooled to a temperature lower than the Ar ₃ transformation point, it is maintained for 50 to 500 seconds, and after satisfying the minimum temperature corresponding to the time, the Ar ₃ A method is described in which reheating to a temperature above the transformation point and subsequent correction is performed. In any technique, the austenite grains are refined by cooling to a predetermined temperature or lower to generate ferrite, and then reheating and re-forming austenite.

Further, in Patent Document 3, the slab surface temperature is cooled to Ar ₁ point or less, and heating at Ac ₃ point temperature + 100 ° C. or more is repeated twice or more, thereby refining the austenite grain size, carbonitride, etc. It describes that the grain boundary precipitation is suppressed and the precipitation of ferrite on the film on the grain boundary is prevented.
In Patent Documents 4 and 5, in order to prevent cracks that occur when width reduction is performed hot, cooling within 10 mm from the surface of the slab in the continuous casting machine is performed with Ar ₃ points to 100 ° C. or lower. In addition, a method is described in which after the cooling / reheating for raising the temperature to 1000 ° C. or more and 1250 ° C. or less is repeated twice or more, width rolling is performed without cooling.

Japanese Patent No. 4444561 Japanese Patent No. 3702807 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 55-14173 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 08-309404 JP 07-290101 A

  In order to control the structure of steel, it is necessary to give a thermal history corresponding to the structure. Naturally, if the composition of steel changes, the necessary thermal history also changes. However, in the method described in Patent Document 1, the temperature during cooling and recuperation is unambiguous, and depending on the steel composition, cooling and recuperation may be insufficient or excessive, and cracks cannot be suppressed. Or there is a problem such as an increase in cost.

In the method described in Patent Document 2, the temperature is controlled according to the composition of the steel, but it is necessary to maintain a time of 50 seconds or more below the Ar ₃ transformation point. Below, since the slab passes through a region where the roll or spray cooling water does not hit during the holding time, a very strong cooling capacity is required to keep the slab temperature below the Ar ₃ transformation point during that period, that is, An enormous amount of secondary cooling water is required, and a large equipment cost is required to realize this.

Furthermore, in the method described in Patent Document 3, the slab surface temperature is cooled to Ar ₁ point or lower according to the composition of steel containing Nb, V, or both, and heating at Ac ₃ point temperature + 100 ° C. or higher is performed twice. It is described that the above is repeated. However, cooling to Ar ₁ point or less requires a huge amount of secondary cooling water and costs, and in the case of a high-speed continuous casting machine, the time for rapid cooling and recuperation until reaching the upper bending straightening zone Therefore, a process capable of controlling the structure of the slab even with cooling at Ar ₁ point or higher was required.

Although the methods described in Patent Documents 4 and 5 can prevent cracks that occur when the width is reduced by hot, the temperature within 10 mm from the surface of the slab in the continuous casting machine is adjusted to Ar after bending. _This is basically a technique in the process after bending correction, in which cooling at ₃ points to −100 ° C. or lower and cooling / reheating to 1000 ° C. or higher and 1250 ° C. or lower are repeated twice or more. Therefore, it is difficult to solve the problem of cracking at the bending correction point.

  Therefore, the present invention has an object to propose a low-cost method for preventing the occurrence of surface cracks in the vicinity of a bending straightening point of a continuous casting machine in continuous casting of steel.

In order to prevent the occurrence of surface cracks in the slab, it is effective to make the old γ grains on the surface of the slab finer when the continuous casting machine passes the bending correction point. The inventors can refine the old γ grains by strictly defining the thermal history of the slab directly under the mold according to the relationship between the structure of the steel, temperature and time, and the occurrence of surface cracks. I thought it could be prevented.
Therefore, after giving various thermal histories to the lab steel ingot, the steel structure was observed. At that time, cooling is performed by simulating spray water and rolls in the secondary cooling zone of an actual continuous caster, and the temperature of the steel ingot surface is measured by installing a thermocouple. Estimated by heat transfer calculation based on the results, and confirmed the heat history.

As a result, in the secondary cooling zone, the operation of cooling to a temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point and higher than the Ar ₁ point and returning to a temperature higher than the Ac ₁ point is repeated twice or more, and then the Ac ₃ point or higher It was confirmed that the old γ grains became smaller on average as compared with the case where the heat history in normal continuous casting was given by reheating to the temperature of.

Furthermore, when cooling to a temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point, by setting the residence time in the temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point to 5 seconds or more, the old γ particle size is further reduced and the variation in the particle size is also reduced. It was done. The same effect was obtained even when the total residence time in the temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point was more than 5 seconds. This effect was obtained equally regardless of the surface and inside of the steel ingot.

The present invention has been made based on the above findings, and the gist of the present invention is as follows.
1. A continuous casting method in which molten steel is charged into a mold and the slab is drawn directly from the mold, and before reaching the bending correction point from directly below the mold, the 2 mm depth position of the slab is set at the Ar of the molten steel. Cooling to a temperature lower than ₃ points and higher than the Ar ₁ point and reheating to a temperature above the Ac ₁ point is repeated twice or more, and then reheated to a temperature above the Ac ₃ point of the molten steel. A method for continuous casting of steel.
Here, the 2 mm depth position refers to a position 2 mm vertically from the slab surface toward the inside of the slab.

2. Upon cooling to a temperature range lower than and Ar ₁ point than Ar ₃ point of the molten steel, and characterized in that the residence time in total at least 5 seconds in a temperature range higher than the low and Ar ₁ point than the Ar ₃ point The continuous casting method for steel as described in 1 above.

3. The molten steel contains C: 0.05-1.2 mass%, Si: 1.0 mass% or less, Mn: 0.4-2.0 mass%, and Al: 0.015-0.06 mass%, and has a component composition of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. 3. The continuous casting method as described in 1 or 2 above.

4). The molten steel further includes Mo: 0.6 mass% or less, Ti: 0.030 mass% or less, Cr: 1.0 mass% or less, V: 0.3 mass% or less, Cu: 1.0 mass% or less, Nb: 0.05 mass% or less, Ni: The continuous casting method as described in 3 above, wherein one or more of 1.0 mass% or less and B: 0.004 mass% or less are contained.

  According to the present invention, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of surface cracks in the slab even when continuously casting a steel material to which components such as C, V, Nb, and Ni that are liable to cause surface cracks are added.

It is a figure which shows a continuous casting machine. It is a typical continuous cooling transformation diagram.

Hereinafter, the continuous casting method of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
Now, the molten steel is continuously cast using a vertical bending type or a curved type continuous casting machine as shown in FIG. 1, and in this case, in order not to induce surface cracks particularly at the time of straightening at a bending straightening point, It is important to go through the following cooling pattern at least in the cooling zone directly under the mold.

  In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 denotes molten steel charged in the ladle 2, and the molten steel 1 is supplied from the ladle 2 through the tundish 3 and the immersion nozzle 4 into the water-cooled mold 5. The molten steel 1 cooled in the water-cooled mold 5 is guided to the exit side of the mold 5 while forming a solidified shell, and is extracted from the mold 5 and further cooled in the secondary cooling zone 6 immediately below the mold 5 to be solidified shell. The growth is promoted, the curve is forced and the film is guided in the horizontal direction, and then the bending is corrected in the drawing correction band (bending correction point) 7 to form a continuous cast slab.

That is, immediately below the mold, more specifically, in the section from the start point of the secondary cooling zone to the correction zone inlet, the surface layer of the slab is at a temperature lower than the Ar ₃ point and higher than the Ar ₁ point of the molten steel. It is important to reheat to a temperature of ₃ points or more of the molten steel after repeating the cooling to a temperature of 2 hours and reheating to a temperature of ₁ point or more of Ac. Such cooling and recuperation are completed in a section from the start point of the secondary cooling zone to the correction zone entrance.

Below, the cooling pattern according to this invention is demonstrated in detail.
First, cooling with water or mist is started immediately below the mold 5. During the cooling period, the cooling water and / or the cooling mist so that the temperature of the slab surface layer is lower than the Ar ₃ point of the molten steel 1 and higher than the Ar ₁ point (less than Ar ₃ point and more than Ar ₁ point). The supply conditions are appropriately determined. Next, the slab surface layer is reheated by the heat of the unsolidified molten steel in the slab to a temperature of Ac ₁ point or higher. At that time, if the recuperation rate seems to be too fast, cooling with cooling water, a cooling mist or a roll may be performed to recuperate gently.
The above operation is repeated twice or more. Then, it is reheated by the heat of the unsolidified molten steel in the slab to a temperature of Ac ₃ or higher. This recuperation may be immediately after the cooling recuperation across the Ac ₁ point or at intervals from the cooling recuperation. The recuperation up to a temperature of Ac ₃ points or more needs to be completed before reaching the bending straightening zone of the continuous casting machine, that is, the bending belt in the case of the vertical bending type and the straightening zone in the case of the curved type.

Note that the temperature at the entrance side of the bending straightening zone is not particularly limited since it has a heat history of the present invention, and the structure of the slab surface layer is fine and surface cracks are unlikely to occur. It is more preferable to avoid the temperature range, which is the conversion zone.
In addition, the slab temperature during cooling and recuperation is preliminarily determined by inserting a thermocouple together with the slab when casting under different cooling and reheating conditions, measuring the slab surface temperature history, and during actual casting. A condition that provides a necessary temperature history may be selected.

The cooling temperature control before reaching the bending correction point immediately below the mold will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 2 schematically showing a CCT diagram.
First, as the CCT diagram, a CCT diagram when cooled from a temperature of 1400 ° C. or higher using the above steel was used. Because, in the secondary cooling zone directly under the mold, the cooling starts from a temperature of 1400 ° C. or higher, so the CCT diagram when cooling from a temperature of 1400 ° C. or higher is used.

The slab drawn from the mold is cooled on the surface layer portion in the secondary cooling zone immediately below the mold. At that time, after cooling to a temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point of the molten steel to be cast and higher than the Ar ₁ point and reheating to a temperature of the Ac ₁ point or higher, the molten steel is returned to the Ac ₃ point or higher. Cooling is performed according to the cooling pattern shown in the above-mentioned CCT diagram, which is reheated to the above temperature.

First, cooling to a temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point and higher than the Ar ₁ point and reheating it to a temperature higher than the Ac ₁ point is repeated twice or more from the structure formed by the first cooling recuperation. This is because since the transformation is superimposed by the second cooling, the structure becomes complicated, and austenite nucleates from the structure at the time of subsequent recuperation, so that a finer structure can be obtained. Reheating without cooling to below ₁ point of Ar requires a huge amount of secondary cooling water and cost to cool down to below ₁ point of Ar. In the case of a high-speed continuous casting machine, This is because it is not possible to secure time for rapid cooling and recuperation before reaching the bending straightening zone.

Here, when cooled to a temperature range higher than the low and Ar ₁ point than Ar ₃ point, the effect is obtained that expected as long to reach the temperature range higher than the low and Ar ₁ point than Ar ₃ point, Ar _{By making the} residence time in the temperature range lower than ₃ points and higher than Ar ₁ point in total 5 seconds or more, the effect of suppressing cracks can be further enhanced. That is, if the total residence time is 5 seconds or more, the transformation proceeds sufficiently, and then the austenite grains become more uniform and ductility increases when reheated.

Furthermore, the temperature range of Ar less than ₃ points is preferably set to Ar ₃ point -100 ° C. or less. This is because the time to complete the transformation is 100%.

Next, reheat to a temperature of Ac ₁ point or higher. By performing this recuperation, austenite nucleates from the ferrite grain boundaries generated during cooling or austenite grain boundaries before cooling, and a complex structure is formed in which ferrite and austenite are mixed.

  It should be noted that it is preferable to set the number of repetitions to be less than the number of repetitions because a sufficient effect can be expected with two repetitions and the equipment cost increases to exceed the number of stages of the secondary cooling spray of the continuous casting machine. .

Next, it is reheated to a temperature of Ac ₃ point or higher. By this recuperation, ferrite-pearlite transformation occurred during recuperation, and when the temperature rose further, a large number of new austenite nucleated from between the grain boundaries and nodules of ferrite-pearlite and reached Ac ₃ point. Sometimes it becomes a fine austenite single phase. Thereafter, the slab is cooled, and when it passes through the bending correction point, it becomes a fine austenite structure and has ductility, so that it becomes difficult to break.

  Although it is not necessary to specifically limit the recuperation speed, it is preferable to set the lower limit to a speed range that does not inhibit productivity.

  In addition, in the secondary cooling zone directly under the mold, in order to perform cooling according to the above cooling pattern to the slab, the slab at the time of casting in which the cooling and reheating conditions were changed in advance for the slab temperature at the time of cooling and reheating. At the same time, a thermocouple is inserted, the slab surface temperature history is measured, and a condition that provides a necessary temperature history during casting is selected.

  In addition, the temperature at the bending straightening point is not particularly limited because the structure of the slab surface layer is fine and surface cracks are unlikely to occur if the thermal history of the present invention is taken. It is more preferable to avoid the temperature range of 850 ° C. or lower, which is a temperature range.

  When using a CCT diagram as described above, it is a matter of course that a CCT diagram corresponding to the molten steel to be subjected to continuous casting is used, and a CCT diagram may be introduced for each molten steel type to be subjected to continuous casting.

Here, the molten steel preferably has the following component composition.
That is, it contains C: 0.05-1.2 mass%, Si: 1.0 mass% or less, Mn: 0.4-2.0 mass% and Al: 0.015-0.06 mass%, and Mo: 0.6 mass% or less, Ti if necessary. : 0.030 mass% or less, Cr: 1.0 mass% or less, V: 0.3 mass% or less, Cu: 1.0 mass% or less, Nb: 0.05 mass% or less, Ni: 1.0 mass% or less, and B: 0.004 mass% or less Or it is preferable that 2 or more types are contained and the remainder has the component composition of Fe and an unavoidable impurity.
Hereinafter, the reasons for limiting the content will be described in order from the basic component.

C: 0.05-1.2 mass%
C is in the range of 0.05 to 1.2 mass% from the viewpoint of securing strength. Moreover, since the steel of C amount in this range is easily cracked during casting of continuous casting, the application of the present invention is particularly effective.

Si: 1.0 mass% or less (including 0 mass%)
If Si exceeds 1.0 mass%, machinability and forgeability may be deteriorated, so 1.0 mass% or less is set.

Mn: 0.4-2.0mass%
Mn is required to be 0.4 mass% or more in order to increase the strength, but if it exceeds 2.0 mass%, the machinability and forgeability may be deteriorated, so the content is made 2.0 mass% or less.

Al: 0.015-0.06 mass%
In addition to acting as a deoxidizer for steel, Al has the effect of suppressing γ grain growth during heating, so 0.015 mass% or more is necessary, but if it exceeds 0.06 mass%, machinability and fatigue strength May be degraded, so 0.06 mass% or less.

  Furthermore, as needed, Mo: 0.6 mass% or less, Ti: 0.030 mass% or less, Cr: 1.0 mass% or less, V: 0.3 mass% or less, Cu: 1.0 mass% or less, Nb: 0.05 mass% or less, Ni : 1.0 mass% or less and B: 0.004 mass% or less can be contained.

Mo: 0.6 mass% or less
Mo is effective in securing the strength, but if added over 0.6 mass%, the machinability may be deteriorated.

Ti: 0.030 mass% or less
Ti is effective for refining the structure by pinning as TiN, and is preferably added at 0.005 mass% or more. However, if it is added in an amount exceeding 0.030 mass%, there is a possibility that the work strength is deteriorated.

Cr: 1.0 mass% or less
Cr is effective in improving hardenability, but if added over 1.0 mass%, the fatigue strength may be deteriorated.

V: 0.3 mass% or less V is effective in improving the strength of steel by generating carbides, but if added over 0.3 mass%, coarse carbonitrides are generated and the strength decreases. There is a fear.

Cu: 1.0 mass% or less
Cu is effective for increasing the strength by solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening, and contributes to the improvement of hardenability, but if added over 1.0 mass%, the machinability may be deteriorated.

Nb: 0.05 mass% or less
Nb has the effect of pinning the γ grains by precipitation, but if it exceeds 0.05 mass%, the effect is saturated. Therefore, Nb is preferably 0.05 mass% or less from the viewpoint of economy.

Ni: 1.0 mass% or less
Ni is effective for securing strength and toughness, but if it exceeds 1.0 mass%, the effect is saturated, and therefore it is preferably 1.0 mass% or less from the viewpoint of economy.

B: 0.004 mass% or less B is a component that improves fatigue resistance by strengthening grain boundaries and contributes to increasing strength by increasing hardenability. However, if it exceeds 0.04 mass%, the effect is saturated, so economic efficiency From the viewpoint of the above, it is preferably 0.04 mass% or less.

C: 0.12 mass%, Si: 0.18 mass%, Mn: 1.22 mass%, Al: 0.022 mass% and Cr: 0.03 mass%, and specimens were collected from the steel adjusted to the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities From the expansion curve when cooled at a cooling rate of 0.2 ° C / s, Ar ₃ points: 748 ° C and Ar ₁ point: 602 ° C, and from the expansion curve during heating, Ac ₁ point: 739 ° C and Ac ₃ points: 873 ° C I read it.
Based on the above results, casting was performed at a casting speed of 1.0 m / min with a curved continuous caster under the conditions shown in Table 1. A sample was taken from the cast slab, and the structure was observed at a position from the slab surface to a depth of 2 mm, and the presence or absence of cracks was investigated. The results are also shown in Table 1.
The structure was observed with a microscope after the sample surface was polished and corroded with nital. For the presence or absence of cracks, the black skin on the surface of the slab was removed and the penetration test (JIS Z2343) was performed.

In Table 1, Invention Examples 1 to 4 were conducted after cooling to a temperature range lower than the Ar ₃ point and higher than the Ar ₁ point directly under the mold and then reheating to a temperature of the Ac ₁ point or more twice or more. Then, it is an example of reheating to a temperature of Ac ₃ points or higher. Inventive Examples 1 and 3 have a total residence time of less than 5 seconds at a temperature less than the Ar ₃ point at a depth of 2 mm from the surface of the slab, and those of Inventive Examples 2 and 4 are 5 seconds or longer.

On the other hand, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 are examples in which cooling and recuperation were performed once. In Comparative Example 3, the cooling and the recuperation were repeated twice, but the cooling and the recuperation were performed once at the 2 mm depth position. In Comparative Example 4, cooling and recuperation were performed twice, but recuperation to less than Ac ₃ points was performed.

As shown in Table 1, no cracks were observed in all of the inventive examples according to the present invention, but cracks occurred in the comparative examples. That is, in Invention Examples 1 and 3, no cracks were observed on the surface of the slab, and fine old γ grains were observed from the surface toward the inside of the slab. However, some coarse old γ grains were observed at a depth of 2 mm. In Invention Examples 2 and 4, no cracks were observed on the surface of the slab, and fine old γ grains were observed on both the surface and the 2 mm depth position (surface layer).
On the other hand, in the comparative example, cracks are observed on the surface of the slab. In Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 4, coarse old γ grains are observed, and in Comparative Example 3, a fine structure is also observed. It remained.
Thus, the γ grain boundary with film-like ferrite as seen in the comparative example disappeared in the invention example, and considering that the ferrite grain size became fine, austenite was refined by the present invention. It is thought that.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Molten steel 2 Ladle 3 Tundish 4 Immersion nozzle 5 Water cooling mold 6 Secondary cooling zone 7 Drawing correction zone

Claims (4)

A continuous casting method in which molten steel is charged into a mold and the slab is drawn directly from the mold, and before reaching the bending correction point immediately below the mold, the 2 mm depth position of the slab is set at the Ar of the molten steel. Cooling to a temperature lower than ₃ points and higher than the Ar ₁ point and reheating to a temperature above the Ac ₁ point is repeated twice or more, and then reheated to a temperature above the Ac ₃ point of the molten steel. A method for continuous casting of steel. Upon cooling to a temperature range lower than and Ar ₁ point than Ar ₃ point of the molten steel, and characterized in that the residence time in total at least 5 seconds in a temperature range higher than the low and Ar ₁ point than the Ar ₃ point The steel continuous casting method according to claim 1.   The molten steel contains C: 0.05-1.2 mass%, Si: 1.0 mass% or less, Mn: 0.4-2.0 mass%, and Al: 0.015-0.06 mass%, and has a component composition of the balance Fe and inevitable impurities. The continuous casting method according to claim 1, wherein the method is continuous.   The molten steel further includes Mo: 0.6 mass% or less, Ti: 0.030 mass% or less, Cr: 1.0 mass% or less, V: 0.3 mass% or less, Cu: 1.0 mass% or less, Nb: 0.05 mass% or less, Ni: The continuous casting method according to claim 3, comprising one or more of 1.0 mass% or less and B: 0.004 mass% or less.

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