JP5850063B2 - Filtration device backwash method - Google Patents

Filtration device backwash method Download PDF

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JP5850063B2
JP5850063B2 JP2013548230A JP2013548230A JP5850063B2 JP 5850063 B2 JP5850063 B2 JP 5850063B2 JP 2013548230 A JP2013548230 A JP 2013548230A JP 2013548230 A JP2013548230 A JP 2013548230A JP 5850063 B2 JP5850063 B2 JP 5850063B2
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water
air
backwashing
valve
backwash
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JPWO2013084853A1 (en
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育野　望
望 育野
雄史 前田
雄史 前田
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Kurita Water Industries Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • B01D24/4631—Counter-current flushing, e.g. by air

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Description

本発明は、下向流で通水して濾過を行う濾過装置の逆洗方法に係り、特に空気逆洗と水空気逆洗と水逆洗とを行うようにした濾過装置の逆洗方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a backwashing method for a filtration device that performs filtration by passing water in a downward flow, and particularly relates to a backwashing method for a filtration device that performs air backwashing, water air backwashing, and water backwashing. .

濾過塔内に濾材を充填してなる濾過装置に下向流にて通水を継続すると、次第に目詰りして通水圧損が増大するので、間欠的に逆洗を行う。   If water flow is continued in a downward flow through a filtration device in which a filter medium is filled in the filtration tower, clogging gradually increases and the water pressure loss increases, so intermittent backwashing is performed.

特許文献１，２には、この逆洗時における濾材の流出を防止するために、濾過塔内の上部にバッフルを設け、逆洗時に濾材をバッフルよりも上位にまで上昇させないようにした濾過装置が記載されている。なお、この特許文献１，２には、逆洗工程を（ｉ）空気のみで濾層をほぐす空気逆洗工程、（ii）空気と水を併用して濾層を展開させ、濾材に付着したＳＳを剥離する水空気逆洗工程、及び（iii）水のみで濾材に付着したＳＳを剥離させ、塔外に排出する水逆洗工程の３工程で行うことが記載されている。   In Patent Documents 1 and 2, in order to prevent the outflow of the filter medium during backwashing, a baffle is provided in the upper portion of the filtration tower, and the filter medium is prevented from rising above the baffle during backwashing. Is described. In Patent Documents 1 and 2, the backwashing step is (i) an air backwashing step in which the filter layer is loosened only with air, and (ii) the filter layer is developed using air and water in combination, and attached to the filter medium. It is described that it is performed in three steps: a water-air backwashing step for peeling off SS, and (iii) a water backwashing step in which SS attached to the filter medium is peeled off only with water and discharged outside the tower.

特許文献３には、逆洗時に濾材が塔外に流出することを防止するために、塔内の上部を横断するように金網を設置することが記載されている。   Patent Document 3 describes that a wire mesh is installed so as to cross the upper part of the tower in order to prevent the filter medium from flowing out of the tower during backwashing.

特開平８−３１８１０７JP-A-8-318107 特開２００９−１２５６５７JP 2009-125657 A 特開２０００−５５１１JP 2000-5511 A

上記各特許文献のように、塔内の上部にバッフルや横断状の金網を設けた場合、塔内の補修や濾材交換時にバッフルや金網を撤去しなければならず、作業に手間がかかる。バッフルや金網を設けない場合には、水空気逆洗時に濾材が流出しないように、逆洗流速を小さくせざるを得ず、水空気逆洗が不十分になり易い。   When a baffle or a transverse wire mesh is provided in the upper part of the tower as in each of the above-mentioned patent documents, the baffle or the wire mesh must be removed when repairing the inside of the tower or exchanging the filter medium, which takes time. If no baffle or wire mesh is provided, the backwash flow rate must be reduced so that the filter medium does not flow out during backwashing with water and air, and backwashing with water and air tends to be insufficient.

本発明は、上記従来の問題点を解決し、濾過装置の構造が簡易であり、しかも水空気逆洗を十分に行うことができる濾過装置の逆洗方法を提供することを目的とする。   An object of the present invention is to solve the above-described conventional problems, and to provide a method for backwashing a filtration device that has a simple structure of the filtration device and that can sufficiently perform water-air backwashing.

本発明の濾過装置の逆洗方法は、濾過塔内の濾材に原水を下向流にて通水する濾過塔を逆洗する方法であって、空気逆洗、水空気逆洗及び水逆洗を行う濾過装置の逆洗方法において、該濾過塔内の濾材上面よりも１００ｍｍ以上上位に、ストレーナを有した水抜き管を設けると共に該水抜き管に水抜き弁を設け、該水抜き弁を開として前記水空気逆洗を行うことを特徴とするものである。   The backwashing method of the filtration device according to the present invention is a method of backwashing a filtration tower in which raw water is passed through the filter medium in the filtration tower in a downward flow, and includes air backwashing, water air backwashing and water backwashing. In the backwashing method of the filtration device, the drainage pipe having a strainer is provided at least 100 mm above the upper surface of the filter medium in the filtration tower, and the drainage pipe is provided with the drainage valve. The water-air backwashing is performed as opening.

本発明では、原水の通水工程後、前記水抜き弁を開とし、濾過塔内の水位を前記水抜き管のレベルまで低下させた後、前記空気逆洗を開始することが好ましい。   In the present invention, it is preferable that after the raw water flow step, the water drain valve is opened, the water level in the filter tower is lowered to the level of the water drain pipe, and then the air backwashing is started.

本発明の濾過装置の逆洗方法では、濾過塔内の濾材上面よりも１００ｍｍ以上上位にストレーナ付き水抜き管を設けると共に、この水抜き管に水抜き弁を設けておき、水空気逆洗時に該水抜き弁を開とし、該水抜き管から逆洗排水を排出する。この水抜き管にはストレーナを設けてあるので、水空気逆洗流速を大きくして、塔内の水位が水抜き管より高くなっても、濾材が水抜き管に流出しない。そのため、水空気逆洗流速を大きくして水空気逆洗を十分に行うことができる。   In the backwashing method of the filtration device of the present invention, a drainage pipe with a strainer is provided at least 100 mm above the upper surface of the filter medium in the filtration tower, and a drainage valve is provided in the drainage pipe, The drain valve is opened and the backwash waste water is discharged from the drain pipe. Since the drainage pipe is provided with a strainer, even if the water-air backwash flow rate is increased and the water level in the tower becomes higher than the drainage pipe, the filter medium does not flow out to the drainage pipe. Therefore, the water / air backwash flow rate can be increased to sufficiently perform the water / air backwash.

本発明では、濾過塔内の上部に、濾材流出防止用のバッフルを設置したり、スクリーンを塔上部に横断状態に設置したりすることが不要である。そのため、塔内のメンテナンスや濾材の交換などの容易に行うことができる。   In the present invention, it is not necessary to install a baffle for preventing filter medium outflow in the upper part of the filter tower or to install a screen in a transverse state in the upper part of the tower. Therefore, maintenance in the tower and replacement of the filter medium can be easily performed.

実施の形態に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the backwashing method of the filtration apparatus which concerns on embodiment. 実施の形態に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the backwashing method of the filtration apparatus which concerns on embodiment. 実施の形態に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the backwashing method of the filtration apparatus which concerns on embodiment. 実施の形態に係る濾過装置の逆洗方法の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the backwashing method of the filtration apparatus which concerns on embodiment. 実験結果を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows an experimental result.

以下、図面を参照して実施の形態について説明する。図１〜４は本発明方法が適用される濾過塔の模式的な縦断面を示しており、図１は原水通水工程、図２は水抜き工程、図３は水空気逆洗工程、図４は水逆洗工程を示している。   Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. 1 to 4 show schematic longitudinal sections of a filtration tower to which the method of the present invention is applied. FIG. 1 is a raw water flow process, FIG. 2 is a draining process, FIG. 3 is a water-air backwash process, 4 has shown the water backwashing process.

濾過塔１内の下部に通水可能な支持板２が横断状に設置され、その上側に砂濾材層３とアンスラサイト濾材層４が形成されている。アンスラサイトは砂よりも比重が小さいので、砂濾材層３の上側にアンスラサイト濾材層４が形成されている。なお、濾材はこれらに限定されるものではなく、また、濾材は１種類のみ充填されてもよい。   A support plate 2 capable of passing water is installed in the lower part in the filtration tower 1 and a sand filter medium layer 3 and an anthracite filter medium layer 4 are formed on the upper side. Since anthracite has a specific gravity smaller than that of sand, an anthracite filter medium layer 4 is formed on the upper side of the sand filter medium layer 3. The filter medium is not limited to these, and only one type of filter medium may be filled.

濾過塔１の頂部の流体出入口部に、原水入口弁５を有した原水管６と、空気抜き弁７を有した空気管８と、逆洗水出口弁９を有した逆洗水出口管１０が接続されている。   A raw water pipe 6 having a raw water inlet valve 5, an air pipe 8 having an air vent valve 7, and a backwash water outlet pipe 10 having a backwash water outlet valve 9 are provided at a fluid inlet / outlet portion at the top of the filtration tower 1. It is connected.

濾過塔１内にあっては、濾材層４の上面よりも高さｈだけ上位に、ストレーナ１１が設置され、該ストレーナ１１に水抜き管１２が接続され、該水抜き管１２に水抜き弁１３が設けられている。ストレーナ１１としては、濾材層３，４の濾材の粒径よりも開口径が小さいメッシュなどを用いることができる。   In the filtration tower 1, a strainer 11 is installed at a height higher than the upper surface of the filter medium layer 4 by a height h, a drain pipe 12 is connected to the strainer 11, and a drain valve is connected to the drain pipe 12. 13 is provided. As the strainer 11, a mesh having an opening diameter smaller than the particle diameter of the filter medium of the filter medium layers 3 and 4 can be used.

上記の高さｈは１００ｍｍ以上であり、好ましくは１００〜５００ｍｍ、特に好ましくは２００〜３００ｍｍである。   Said height h is 100 mm or more, Preferably it is 100-500 mm, Most preferably, it is 200-300 mm.

濾過塔１内の濾材層４よりも上位には、ストレーナ１１付き水抜き管１２以外のバッフルや横断状金網は存在しない。   There are no baffles or transverse wire nets other than the drain pipe 12 with the strainer 11 above the filter medium layer 4 in the filter tower 1.

濾過塔１の底部の流体出入口部には、処理水出口弁１５を有した処理水管１６と、洗浄排水出口弁１７を有した洗浄排水出口管１８と、逆洗水入口弁１９を有した逆洗水入口管２０と、空気入口弁２１を有した空気入口管２２とが接続されている。   At the fluid inlet / outlet portion at the bottom of the filtration tower 1, a treated water pipe 16 having a treated water outlet valve 15, a washing / drain outlet pipe 18 having a washing / drain outlet valve 17, and a reverse having a backwash water inlet valve 19. A flush inlet pipe 20 and an air inlet pipe 22 having an air inlet valve 21 are connected.

［原水通水工程］
図１の通り、原水通水時には原水入口弁５と処理水出口弁１５を開、その他の弁を閉とし、原水を下向流にて濾材層４，３に通水し、処理水（濾過水）を処理水管１６から取り出す。[Raw water flow process]
As shown in FIG. 1, when the raw water is passed, the raw water inlet valve 5 and the treated water outlet valve 15 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the raw water is passed through the filter media layers 4 and 3 in a downward flow, and treated water (filtered) Water) is taken out from the treated water pipe 16.

［水抜き工程］
逆洗を行うには、まず図２のように、空気抜き弁７と水抜き弁１３とを開、その他の弁を閉とし、濾過塔１内の水位を水抜き管１２のレベルまで低下させる。[Draining process]
In order to perform backwashing, first, as shown in FIG. 2, the air vent valve 7 and the water drain valve 13 are opened and the other valves are closed, and the water level in the filtration tower 1 is lowered to the level of the water drain pipe 12.

［空気逆洗工程］
次いで、図示は省略するが、空気入口弁２１及び空気抜き弁７を開、その他の弁を閉とし、空気入口管２２から濾過塔１内に空気を供給し、空気逆洗を行い、濾材層３，４をほぐす。なお、このとき、水抜き弁１３も開としてもよい。[Air backwash process]
Next, although illustration is omitted, the air inlet valve 21 and the air vent valve 7 are opened, the other valves are closed, air is supplied from the air inlet pipe 22 into the filter tower 1, air backwashing is performed, and the filter medium layer 3. , 4 is loosened. At this time, the drain valve 13 may be opened.

［水空気逆洗］
次に、図３のように、空気抜き弁７、水抜き弁１３、逆洗水入口弁１９及び空気入口弁２１を開とし、その他の弁を閉とし、濾過塔１内に逆洗水と空気とを供給し、濾材層３，４を展開させ、濾材に付着していた付着物を剥離させる。この水空気逆洗排水は水抜き管１２から流出する。空気は主として空気管８から流出する。水抜き弁１３を開としているので、濾過塔１内の水面位は水抜き管１２と同レベルかそれよりも若干上位となる程度であり、塔頂部にまでは達することはなく、濾材は空気管８からは流出しない。また、水抜き管１２にはストレーナ１１を設けてあるので、濾材が水抜き管１２から流出することもない。[Water-air backwash]
Next, as shown in FIG. 3, the air vent valve 7, the water drain valve 13, the backwash water inlet valve 19 and the air inlet valve 21 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the backwash water and air are put into the filtration tower 1. And the filter media layers 3 and 4 are developed, and the deposits adhered to the filter media are peeled off. This water / air backwash drainage flows out of the drain pipe 12. Air mainly flows out from the air pipe 8. Since the drain valve 13 is opened, the water level in the filtration tower 1 is the same level as the drain pipe 12 or slightly higher than that, and does not reach the top of the tower. It does not flow out of the pipe 8. Further, since the strainer 11 is provided in the drain pipe 12, the filter medium does not flow out of the drain pipe 12.

［水逆洗工程］
その後、図４の通り、逆洗水入口弁１９及び逆洗水出口弁９を開、その他の弁を閉とし、濾過塔１内に逆洗水を上向流にて通水する。このときの上向流速は、濾材層４のアンスラサイト濾材が流出しない速度とする。この逆洗により、濾材に付着していた付着物が剥離されると共に、剥離した付着物が逆洗水出口管１０から排出される。その後、上向流速を砂の沈降速度以下、アンスラサイト沈降速度以上とし、比重の大きい砂を先に沈降させて濾材層３を形成する。その後、上向流速をアンスラサイトの沈降速度以下とするか、又は上向流を停止し、アンスラサイトを沈降させて濾材層４を形成する。[Water back washing process]
Thereafter, as shown in FIG. 4, the backwash water inlet valve 19 and the backwash water outlet valve 9 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the backwash water is passed through the filter tower 1 in an upward flow. The upward flow velocity at this time is set to a speed at which the anthracite filter medium of the filter medium layer 4 does not flow out. By this backwashing, the deposits adhered to the filter medium are peeled off, and the separated deposits are discharged from the backwash water outlet pipe 10. Thereafter, the upward flow velocity is set to be equal to or lower than the sedimentation rate of sand and equal to or greater than the sedimentation rate of anthracite, and sand having a large specific gravity is first sedimented to form the filter medium layer 3. Thereafter, the upward flow velocity is set to be equal to or lower than the sedimentation rate of the anthracite, or the upward flow is stopped and the anthracite is sedimented to form the filter medium layer 4.

［洗浄工程］
その後、原水入口弁５及び洗浄排水出口弁１７を開、その他の弁を閉とし、原水を下向流にて通水し、濾材層３，４を洗浄し、洗浄排水を洗浄排水出口管１８から排出する。[Washing process]
Thereafter, the raw water inlet valve 5 and the washing drain outlet valve 17 are opened, the other valves are closed, the raw water is passed in a downward flow, the filter media layers 3 and 4 are washed, and the washing waste water is washed with the washing drain outlet pipe 18. To discharge from.

その後、原水入口弁５及び処理水出口弁１５を開、その他の弁を閉とし、原水通水工程を再開する。   Thereafter, the raw water inlet valve 5 and the treated water outlet valve 15 are opened, the other valves are closed, and the raw water flow process is restarted.

このように、この実施の形態では、空気逆洗、水空気逆洗及び水逆洗によって、濾材層３，４を逆洗すると共に、この水空気逆洗に際してストレーナ付き水抜き管１２から逆洗排水を排出しており、水空気逆洗用の空気及び水の流量を多くしても濾材が塔外に流出しない。そのため、水空気逆洗を強力に行い、逆洗を十分に行うことが可能となる。また、この濾過塔１内の上部にはバッフルや横断状の金網が存在せず、濾過塔内のメンテナンスや濾材の交換を容易に行うことができる。   As described above, in this embodiment, the filter media layers 3 and 4 are backwashed by air backwashing, water air backwashing, and water backwashing, and backwashing from the drain pipe 12 with a strainer during this water air backwashing. Drainage is discharged, and the filter medium does not flow out of the tower even if the flow rate of air and water for backwashing with water is increased. Therefore, water / air backwashing can be performed strongly and backwashing can be performed sufficiently. Further, there is no baffle or crossed wire mesh in the upper part of the filter tower 1, so that maintenance in the filter tower and replacement of the filter medium can be easily performed.

以下、実施例及び比較例について説明する。   Hereinafter, examples and comparative examples will be described.

［実施例１］
図１の通り、塔径１０００ｍｍ、塔高２０００ｍｍの塔内に静止層高４００ｍｍの砂濾材層３及び静止層高４００ｍｍのアンスラサイト濾材層４を充填した。ｈ＝２００ｍｍである。この濾過塔１に対し原水（酸排水、ＳＳ濃度１０ｍｇ／Ｌ）をＬＶ＝８ｍ／ｈで下向流にて２４Ｈｒ通水した。これにより、圧損が増大してきたので、水抜き工程により水位を水抜き管１２のレベルまで低下させた後、
空気逆洗（ＬＶ＝１Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ・ｍ２、５ｍｉｎ）
空気水逆洗（空気ＬＶ＝０．５Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ・ｍ２、水ＬＶ＝１５ｍ／ｈ、１ｍｉｎ）
水逆洗（ＬＶ＝３０ｍ／ｈ、１０ｍｉｎ）
よりなる逆洗工程を行い、次いで原水をＬＶ＝８ｍ／ｈで１０ｍｉｎ通水する濾材洗浄工程を行った。２４時間の原水通水毎にこの逆洗工程及び濾材洗浄工程を行った。通水差圧の経時変化を図５に示す。[Example 1]
As shown in FIG. 1, a sand filter medium layer 3 having a stationary bed height of 400 mm and an anthracite filter medium layer 4 having a stationary bed height of 400 mm were packed in a tower having a tower diameter of 1000 mm and a tower height of 2000 mm. h = 200 mm. Raw water (acid waste water, SS concentration: 10 mg / L) was passed through the filtration tower 1 by LV = 8 m / h in a downward flow for 24 hours. Thereby, since the pressure loss has increased, after reducing the water level to the level of the drain pipe 12 by the drain process,
Air backwash (LV = 1Nm 3 / min · m 2 , 5 min)
Air water backwash (air LV = 0.5 Nm 3 / min · m 2 , water LV = 15 m / h, 1 min)
Water backwash (LV = 30m / h, 10min)
Then, a filter medium washing step was performed in which the raw water was passed for 10 minutes at LV = 8 m / h. This back washing process and filter medium washing process were performed every 24 hours of raw water flow. FIG. 5 shows the change over time in the water flow differential pressure.

［比較例１］
実施例１おいて、上記水抜き工程後の逆洗工程を、
空気逆洗（ＬＶ＝１Ｎｍ３／ｍｉｎ・ｍ２、５ｍｉｎ）
水逆洗（ＬＶ＝３０ｍ／ｈ、１０ｍｉｎ）
のみとし、水空気逆洗を省略した。その他は同様とした。圧損の経時変化を図５に示す。[Comparative Example 1]
In Example 1, the backwashing step after the draining step is
Air backwash (LV = 1Nm 3 / min · m 2 , 5 min)
Water backwash (LV = 30m / h, 10min)
Only water and air backwashing was omitted. Others were the same. FIG. 5 shows the change over time in the pressure loss.

図５の通り、実施例１によると、逆洗により濾過差圧は十分に小さくなるのに対し、比較例１では、逆洗の効果が不十分であり、原水通水再開後に圧損が早期に増大する。   As shown in FIG. 5, according to Example 1, the filtration differential pressure is sufficiently reduced by backwashing, whereas in Comparative Example 1, the effect of backwashing is insufficient and the pressure loss is early after resuming raw water flow. Increase.

本発明を特定の態様を用いて詳細に説明したが、本発明の意図と範囲を離れることなく様々な変更が可能であることは当業者に明らかである。
なお、本出願は、２０１１年１２月５日付で出願された日本特許出願（特願２０１１−２６５８１６）に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。Although the present invention has been described in detail using specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
In addition, this application is based on the Japanese patent application (Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-265816) for which it applied on December 5, 2011, The whole is used by reference.

Claims (1)

濾過塔内の濾材に原水を下向流にて通水する濾過塔を逆洗する方法であって、
空気逆洗、水空気逆洗及び水逆洗を行う濾過装置の逆洗方法において、
該濾過塔内の濾材上面よりも１００ｍｍ以上上位に、ストレーナを有した水抜き管を設けると共に該水抜き管に水抜き弁を設け、
該濾過塔の頂部に、空気抜き弁を有した空気管、及び逆洗水出口弁を有した逆洗水出口管を設け、
該濾過塔の底部に、逆洗水入口弁を有した逆洗水入口管、及び空気入口弁を有した空気入口管を設け、
前記原水の通水工程後、前記水抜き弁及び前記空気抜き弁を開とし、濾過塔内の水位を前記水抜き管のレベルまで低下させる水抜きを行い、
前記水抜きを行った後、前記空気入口弁及び前記空気抜き弁を開とし、前記空気入口管から濾過塔内に空気を供給して前記空気逆洗を行い、
前記空気逆洗を行った後、前記空気抜き弁、前記水抜き弁、前記逆洗水入口弁及び前記空気入口弁を開とし、濾過塔内に逆洗水及び空気を供給して前記水空気逆洗を行い、
前記水空気逆洗を行った後、前記逆洗水入口弁及び前記逆洗水出口弁を開とし、前記空気抜き弁、前記水抜き弁及び前記空気入口弁を閉とし、前記濾材が流出しない上向流速で濾過塔内に逆洗水を上向流にて通水して前記水逆洗を行うことを特徴とする濾過装置の逆洗方法。
A method of backwashing a filtration tower that passes raw water in a downward flow through the filter medium in the filtration tower,
In the backwashing method of the filtration device that performs air backwashing, water air backwashing and water backwashing,
A drainage pipe having a strainer is provided above the upper surface of the filter medium in the filtration tower by 100 mm or more, and a drainage valve is provided in the drainage pipe,
An air pipe having an air vent valve and a backwash water outlet pipe having a backwash water outlet valve are provided at the top of the filtration tower,
A backwash water inlet pipe having a backwash water inlet valve and an air inlet pipe having an air inlet valve are provided at the bottom of the filtration tower,
After the raw water flow step, the water drain valve and the air vent valve are opened, and the water level in the filtration tower is reduced to the level of the water drain pipe.
After performing the water drainage, the air inlet valve and the air vent valve are opened, air is supplied from the air inlet pipe into the filtration tower, and the air backwashing is performed.
After performing the air backwash, the air vent valve, the water drain valve, the backwash water inlet valve and the air inlet valve are opened, and backwash water and air are supplied into the filtration tower to reverse the water air backflow. Wash,
After performing the water-air backwash, the backwash water inlet valve and the backwash water outlet valve are opened, the air vent valve, the water drain valve, and the air inlet valve are closed, and the filter medium does not flow out. A backwashing method for a filtration device, wherein the water backwashing is carried out by passing backwash water in an upward flow into the filtration tower at a counter flow velocity .
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