JP5812448B2 - 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置 - Google Patents

統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
JP5812448B2
JP5812448B2 JP2013510077A JP2013510077A JP5812448B2 JP 5812448 B2 JP5812448 B2 JP 5812448B2 JP 2013510077 A JP2013510077 A JP 2013510077A JP 2013510077 A JP2013510077 A JP 2013510077A JP 5812448 B2 JP5812448 B2 JP 5812448B2
Authority
JP
Japan
Prior art keywords
context
transform
picture
transform coefficients
rules
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
JP2013510077A
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Other versions
JP2013526799A5 (enExample
JP2013526799A (ja
Inventor
ルウ，シヤオアン
ソレ，ジヨエル
イン，ペン
シユウ，チヤン
ジエン，ユンフエイ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thomson Licensing SAS
Original Assignee
Thomson Licensing SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Licensing SAS filed Critical Thomson Licensing SAS
Publication of JP2013526799A publication Critical patent/JP2013526799A/ja
Publication of JP2013526799A5 publication Critical patent/JP2013526799A5/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of JP5812448B2 publication Critical patent/JP5812448B2/ja
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
    • H03M7/00—Conversion of a code where information is represented by a given sequence or number of digits to a code where the same, similar or subset of information is represented by a different sequence or number of digits
    • H03M7/30—Compression; Expansion; Suppression of unnecessary data, e.g. redundancy reduction
    • H03M7/40—Conversion to or from variable length codes, e.g. Shannon-Fano code, Huffman code, Morse code
    • H03M7/4006—Conversion to or from arithmetic code
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
    • H04N19/122—Selection of transform size, e.g. 8x8 or 2x4x8 DCT; Selection of sub-band transforms of varying structure or type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/13—Adaptive entropy coding, e.g. adaptive variable length coding [AVLC] or context adaptive binary arithmetic coding [CABAC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/70—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/91—Entropy coding, e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/18—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a set of transform coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/63—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding using sub-band based transform, e.g. wavelets
    • H04N19/64—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding using sub-band based transform, e.g. wavelets characterised by ordering of coefficients or of bits for transmission

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Compression, Expansion, Code Conversion, And Decoders (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
JP2013510077A 2010-05-12 2011-05-11 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置 Active JP5812448B2 (ja)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US33380810P 2010-05-12 2010-05-12
US61/333,808 2010-05-12
PCT/US2011/000831 WO2011142817A1 (en) 2010-05-12 2011-05-11 Methods and apparatus for unified significance map coding

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2015163333A Division JP6100847B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2015-08-21 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
JP2013526799A JP2013526799A (ja) 2013-06-24
JP2013526799A5 JP2013526799A5 (enExample) 2014-06-26
JP5812448B2 true JP5812448B2 (ja) 2015-11-11

Family

ID=44343272

Family Applications (7)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2013510077A Active JP5812448B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2011-05-11 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2015163333A Active JP6100847B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2015-08-21 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2017032207A Active JP6351773B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2017-02-23 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2018107650A Active JP6708700B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2018-06-05 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2020089007A Ceased JP2020145729A (ja) 2010-05-12 2020-05-21 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2023009137A Active JP7445030B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2023-01-25 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2024025234A Active JP7826351B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2024-02-22 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置

Family Applications After (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
JP2015163333A Active JP6100847B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2015-08-21 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2017032207A Active JP6351773B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2017-02-23 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2018107650A Active JP6708700B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2018-06-05 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2020089007A Ceased JP2020145729A (ja) 2010-05-12 2020-05-21 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2023009137A Active JP7445030B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2023-01-25 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP2024025234A Active JP7826351B2 (ja) 2010-05-12 2024-02-22 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (7) US9793921B2 (enExample)
EP (2) EP2569944A1 (enExample)
JP (7) JP5812448B2 (enExample)
KR (5) KR102124149B1 (enExample)
CN (1) CN102884792B (enExample)
WO (1) WO2011142817A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR102124149B1 (ko) * 2010-05-12 2020-06-18 인터디지탈 매디슨 페이튼트 홀딩스 통합된 유효성 맵 코딩을 위한 방법 및 장치
US8902988B2 (en) 2010-10-01 2014-12-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Zero-out of high frequency coefficients and entropy coding retained coefficients using a joint context model
HUE050522T2 (hu) * 2011-06-28 2020-12-28 Samsung Electronics Co Ltd Video kódolási és dekódolási eljárás felhasználva aritmetikai kódolást az utolsó szignifikáns együttható kétdimenziós jelzésével
US9756360B2 (en) 2011-07-19 2017-09-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Coefficient scanning in video coding
US20130101047A1 (en) * 2011-10-19 2013-04-25 Sony Corporation Context reduction of significance map coding of 4x4 and 8x8 transform coefficient in hm4.0
US8891630B2 (en) 2011-10-24 2014-11-18 Blackberry Limited Significance map encoding and decoding using partition set based context assignment
EP4447445B1 (en) * 2011-10-24 2026-01-21 Velos Media International Limited Significance map encoding and decoding using partition selection
US10390046B2 (en) 2011-11-07 2019-08-20 Qualcomm Incorporated Coding significant coefficient information in transform skip mode
US9154792B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2015-10-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Progressive coding of position of last significant coefficient
US9357185B2 (en) 2011-11-08 2016-05-31 Qualcomm Incorporated Context optimization for last significant coefficient position coding
EP3139609B1 (en) * 2012-01-03 2021-01-06 HFI Innovation Inc. Method and apparatus for block-based significance map and significance group flag context selection
EP2999218A1 (en) * 2012-01-12 2016-03-23 MediaTek Inc. Method and apparatus for unification of significance map context selection
US9253481B2 (en) * 2012-01-13 2016-02-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Determining contexts for coding transform coefficient data in video coding
EP3550840A1 (en) * 2012-01-20 2019-10-09 Sony Corporation Complexity reduction of significance map coding
US9106918B2 (en) 2012-01-20 2015-08-11 Sony Corporation Coefficient coding harmonization in HEVC
CN104956674B (zh) * 2012-01-20 2019-02-15 谷歌技术控股有限责任公司 用于最末重要系数位置编解码中的上下文减少的设备和方法
US10284851B2 (en) 2012-01-21 2019-05-07 Google Technology Holdings LLC Method of determining binary codewords for transform coefficients
US9479780B2 (en) 2012-02-01 2016-10-25 Google Technology Holdings LLC Simplification of significance map coding
WO2013116849A1 (en) * 2012-02-04 2013-08-08 General Instrument Corporation Devices and methods for context reduction in last significant coefficient position coding
US9237344B2 (en) 2012-03-22 2016-01-12 Qualcomm Incorporated Deriving context for last position coding for video coding
WO2013155663A1 (en) * 2012-04-16 2013-10-24 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Methods and apparatuses of context reduction for significance flag coding
US9621921B2 (en) 2012-04-16 2017-04-11 Qualcomm Incorporated Coefficient groups and coefficient coding for coefficient scans
EP4593395A3 (en) 2012-10-01 2025-10-01 GE Video Compression, LLC Scalable video coding using inter-layer prediction contribution to enhancement layer prediction
US9516345B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2016-12-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems and methods for low complexity forward transforms using mesh-based calculations
US9432696B2 (en) 2014-03-17 2016-08-30 Qualcomm Incorporated Systems and methods for low complexity forward transforms using zeroed-out coefficients
US9781424B2 (en) 2015-01-19 2017-10-03 Google Inc. Efficient context handling in arithmetic coding
US10448058B2 (en) * 2015-05-21 2019-10-15 Qualcomm Incorporated Grouping palette index at the end and index coding using palette size and run value
EP3416658B1 (en) 2016-02-15 2023-03-22 Kyoto Prefectural Public University Corporation Human functional corneal endothelial cell and application thereof
JP7187182B2 (ja) 2018-06-11 2022-12-12 キヤノン株式会社 データ生成装置、方法およびプログラム
US11922664B2 (en) * 2021-10-04 2024-03-05 Tencent America LLC Method and apparatus of adaptive sampling for mesh compression by decoders

Family Cites Families (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6778709B1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2004-08-17 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Embedded block coding with optimized truncation
US7023922B1 (en) * 2000-06-21 2006-04-04 Microsoft Corporation Video coding system and method using 3-D discrete wavelet transform and entropy coding with motion information
US7245662B2 (en) * 2000-10-24 2007-07-17 Piche Christopher DCT-based scalable video compression
ATE343302T1 (de) * 2002-05-02 2006-11-15 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Kodierung und dekodierung von transformationskoeffizienten in bild- oder videokodierern
US7724827B2 (en) * 2003-09-07 2010-05-25 Microsoft Corporation Multi-layer run level encoding and decoding
US7715480B2 (en) * 2003-10-17 2010-05-11 Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories, Inc. Video encoding with motion-selective wavelet transform
US7599435B2 (en) * 2004-01-30 2009-10-06 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft Zur Foerderung Der Angewandten Forschung E.V. Video frame encoding and decoding
KR100736104B1 (ko) 2006-04-06 2007-07-06 삼성전자주식회사 독립적 파싱을 지원하는 비디오 코딩 방법 및 장치
KR101356733B1 (ko) * 2007-03-07 2014-02-05 삼성전자주식회사 컨텍스트 기반 적응적 이진 산술 부호화, 복호화 방법 및장치
US7813567B2 (en) 2007-04-26 2010-10-12 Texas Instruments Incorporated Method of CABAC significance MAP decoding suitable for use on VLIW data processors
US9008171B2 (en) * 2008-01-08 2015-04-14 Qualcomm Incorporated Two pass quantization for CABAC coders
US8891615B2 (en) * 2008-01-08 2014-11-18 Qualcomm Incorporated Quantization based on rate-distortion modeling for CABAC coders
KR101375668B1 (ko) * 2008-03-17 2014-03-18 삼성전자주식회사 변환 계수의 부호화, 복호화 방법 및 장치
US8279924B2 (en) * 2008-10-03 2012-10-02 Qualcomm Incorporated Quantization parameter selections for encoding of chroma and luma video blocks
ES2912048T3 (es) * 2010-04-13 2022-05-24 Ge Video Compression Llc Codificación de mapas de significado y bloques de coeficiente de transformada
KR102124149B1 (ko) * 2010-05-12 2020-06-18 인터디지탈 매디슨 페이튼트 홀딩스 통합된 유효성 맵 코딩을 위한 방법 및 장치
US8964849B2 (en) * 2011-11-01 2015-02-24 Blackberry Limited Multi-level significance maps for encoding and decoding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102574591B1 (ko) 2023-09-06
JP2018174537A (ja) 2018-11-08
US11309910B2 (en) 2022-04-19
JP7826351B2 (ja) 2026-03-09
US20240275402A1 (en) 2024-08-15
US11177826B2 (en) 2021-11-16
KR20190058721A (ko) 2019-05-29
WO2011142817A1 (en) 2011-11-17
JP6351773B2 (ja) 2018-07-04
CN102884792B (zh) 2016-08-17
JP2020145729A (ja) 2020-09-10
US11942969B2 (en) 2024-03-26
JP2016026425A (ja) 2016-02-12
KR20220104301A (ko) 2022-07-26
JP2023058526A (ja) 2023-04-25
US9793921B2 (en) 2017-10-17
US10305510B2 (en) 2019-05-28
JP7445030B2 (ja) 2024-03-06
KR20210124529A (ko) 2021-10-14
US20210167793A1 (en) 2021-06-03
US20180076826A1 (en) 2018-03-15
US11671112B2 (en) 2023-06-06
JP2017127005A (ja) 2017-07-20
JP2024069249A (ja) 2024-05-21
JP6100847B2 (ja) 2017-03-22
US20220200625A1 (en) 2022-06-23
KR20200073295A (ko) 2020-06-23
KR102423182B1 (ko) 2022-07-21
KR20130070595A (ko) 2013-06-27
EP2569944A1 (en) 2013-03-20
JP6708700B2 (ja) 2020-06-10
KR102124149B1 (ko) 2020-06-18
KR20230129624A (ko) 2023-09-08
US12512854B2 (en) 2025-12-30
US20190334548A1 (en) 2019-10-31
CN102884792A (zh) 2013-01-16
US20230261672A1 (en) 2023-08-17
KR101983380B1 (ko) 2019-05-28
EP4175184A1 (en) 2023-05-03
JP2013526799A (ja) 2013-06-24
US20130058418A1 (en) 2013-03-07
KR102310816B1 (ko) 2021-10-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP6351773B2 (ja) 統一された有意性マップ符号化方法および装置
JP5869493B2 (ja) ビデオ符号化および復号化のためのテンプレート・マッチング予測の適応型残差更新のための方法および装置
JP6162150B2 (ja) ビデオコーディング用の残差４分木（ｒｑｔ）コーディング
CN103262534B (zh) 改进熵编码和解码的方法及装置
KR102954105B1 (ko) 통합된 유효성 맵 코딩을 위한 방법 및 장치

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20140508

A621 Written request for application examination

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621

Effective date: 20140508

A977 Report on retrieval

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007

Effective date: 20150113

A131 Notification of reasons for refusal

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131

Effective date: 20150225

RD04 Notification of resignation of power of attorney

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A7424

Effective date: 20150226

A601 Written request for extension of time

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601

Effective date: 20150518

A521 Request for written amendment filed

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523

Effective date: 20150821

TRDD Decision of grant or rejection written
A01 Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01

Effective date: 20150909

A61 First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61

Effective date: 20150910

R150 Certificate of patent or registration of utility model

Ref document number: 5812448

Country of ref document: JP

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

R371 Transfer withdrawn

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371

S531 Written request for registration of change of domicile

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313531

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

R360 Written notification for declining of transfer of rights

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R360

R371 Transfer withdrawn

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R371

S111 Request for change of ownership or part of ownership

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R313113

R350 Written notification of registration of transfer

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R350

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250

R250 Receipt of annual fees

Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250