JP5809577B2 - Stereoscopic imaging device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus that captures a three-dimensional video (stereoscopic video) without requiring special glasses.

In general, an integral photography (hereinafter sometimes referred to as IP) method is known as a stereoscopic image method that can be viewed freely from an arbitrary viewpoint. In this IP method, for example, a three-dimensional image of a subject 110 is photographed by a photographing apparatus 100 as shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 18A, at the time of photographing, the photographing apparatus 100 includes a photographing element lens group in which photographing element lenses 120 ₁ , 120 ₂ , 120 _i ,..., 120 _n are arranged in a plane. The subject 110 is photographed via 120. In imaging apparatus 100, the image of the subject 110 by the element lenses 120 _i for each shot on the image sensor 130 (elemental image _{140 1, 140 2, ...,} 140 i, ..., 140 n) is formed, the elements of the subject 110 An image group 140 is captured.

As shown in FIG. 18B, at the time of display, the display device 200 is used, and the display element 150 on which the element image group 140 obtained by photographing the subject 110 is displayed is displayed as the element lenses 160 ₁ , 160 ₂ ,. , 160 _i ,..., 160 _n , a three-dimensional image (stereoscopic reproduction image) 170 of the subject 110 is observed. However, in this case, a three-dimensional image 170 in which the unevenness of the subject 110 is reversed is observed by the observer Wm. As a technique for avoiding the problem that the unevenness of the subject W is reversed, a refractive index distribution lens (GRadient INdex) in which the photographing element lenses 120 _{1 to} 120 _n are not convex lenses but the length is 3/4 of the meandering period of light. A method using a lens (GRIN lens) (for example, see Patent Document 1), a method for electronically rotating each elemental image 180 degrees (for example, Non-Patent Document 1), and the like have been proposed.

  In the IP system, it is known that the number of pixels of the imaging device or the display device is distributed to the resolution, viewing area, and depth range of the 3D video. Further, the three pieces of information of resolution, viewing area, and depth range are in a trade-off relationship. In addition, as a method for widening the viewing zone angle after understanding the relationship between the resolution, viewing zone, and depth range, there is a technique that uses an image captured by virtually shortening the focal length of the element optical element by simulation. It is disclosed (Non-Patent Document 2). Further, in the conventional imaging apparatus, a method of increasing the pitch of the element optical elements is known.

JP-A-10-150675

F. Okano et al., “Real-time pickup method for a three-dimensional image based on integral photography,” Applied Optics, Vol. 36, No. 7, pp. 1598-1603 (1997) R. Lopez-Gulliver et al., “Towards an interactive box-shaped 3D display: study of the requirements for wide field of view,” Proc. IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces 2008, pp. 157-158 (2008)

However, the conventional imaging apparatus described above has the following problems.
In the conventional imaging apparatus configured to shorten the focal length, the depth reproduction range of the captured three-dimensional image is reduced by shortening the focal length in order to adjust one piece of information having a trade-off relationship as described above. There was a problem that would do.
Further, in the conventional imaging apparatus configured to increase the pitch of the elemental optical elements, there is a problem that the resolution of the three-dimensional image is reduced when the pitch of the elemental optical elements is increased within the same imaging range.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus capable of widening the viewing zone angle without reducing the depth reproduction range and resolution.

  The stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to the present invention has the following configuration in order to solve the above problems. That is, the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus includes an element optical element group in which element optical elements for forming an element image are arranged on a two-dimensional plane in order to capture a stereoscopic image of a subject by an integral photography method, In a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus including unnecessary light removing means for removing unnecessary light from object light and imaging means for capturing an element image formed by the element optical element group, the element optical element groups are adjacent to each other. The straight line passing through the center of the element image along the longitudinal direction of the element image and the reference with a straight line connecting the centers of the two element optical elements having the minimum distance between the centers of the element optical elements as a reference line The unnecessary light removing means is arranged so that a line has an angle, and the unnecessary light removing unit is configured to prevent the element image constituting the element image group from overlapping another element image. At least an aperture window for removing an unnecessary ray group from the ray group of the object light from the element beam, and the element optical element group and unnecessary so that the longitudinal direction of the aperture window and the longitudinal direction of the element image are parallel to each other It was set as the structure which arrange | positions a light removal means.

  With such a configuration, in the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus, the object light is transmitted from the subject through the opening window of the unnecessary light removing unit, unnecessary light groups are removed, and an element image is formed by the element optical element. The stereoscopic image pickup device is inclined so that the horizontal central axis that is a straight line passing through the center of the element image along the longitudinal direction of the element optical element in the element optical element group does not overlap the reference line. Element images are formed between adjacent element optical elements on the inclined horizontal line. That is, in the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus, the element optical element columns forming the element image between the adjacent element optical elements by the object light from the aperture window are inclined with respect to the reference line. It is possible to widen the viewing zone angle without changing the pitch and depth range.

Further, in the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the unnecessary light removing unit is disposed between the subject and the element optical element group, and includes a light shielding mask having the opening window, and the light shielding mask and the element optical element group. A depth control lens disposed in between, and the light shielding mask is disposed at a position of a front focal point of the depth control lens, and the aperture diameter of the aperture window is defined as A, and is a short axis perpendicular to the aperture aperture length. hand direction opening diameter is B, the focus of the depth control lens is F, the size of the image longitudinal length the element images is w _n, an image short armed perpendicular to the image longitudinal length is h _n, said element When the focal point of the optical element is f, A = (F / f) w _n and B = (F / f) h _n may be configured.

  With such a configuration, the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus allows the depth control lens and the light-shielding mask of the unnecessary light removing unit to move from the subject to the object light depending on the relationship between the focal length of the depth control lens and the shape of the aperture window. The incident angle to the element optical element is limited, and an element image of the subject is formed near the element optical element. Then, the stereoscopic image pickup device forms an element image of the subject in the vicinity of the element optical element in the range of the object light that has passed through the opening window of the light shielding mask by the depth control lens and the light shielding mask. In the stereoscopic imaging device, by providing the depth control lens and the light shielding mask, an element image is formed between the element optical elements that are separated on the horizontal line and are adjacent to each other by the object light that has passed through the aperture window, and the specific direction. In addition, an element image with a wide viewing zone angle can be captured by the imaging means.

Furthermore, in the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the unnecessary light removing unit includes a first lens, a light shielding mask having the aperture window, and a second lens in the order between the subject and the element optical element group, The subject is disposed at the front focal position of the first lens, the light shielding mask is disposed at the rear focal position of the first lens, and the light shielding mask is disposed at the front focal position of the second lens. The element optical element group is arranged at the position of the back focal point of the second lens, the longitudinal aperture diameter of the aperture window is C, the lateral aperture diameter is D, and the focal length of the first lens is F _1. and then, the focal length of the second lens and F _2, the size of the image longitudinal length the element images is w _n, the size of an image short armed perpendicular to the image longitudinal length is h _n, said element optical element Where C = ( F ₂ / f) w _n , D = (F ₂ / f) h _n may be configured.

  With such a configuration, the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus allows the unnecessary light removing unit to remove unnecessary object light with the light shielding mask having a specific rectangular or long shape as the aperture window in relation to the focal length of the first lens and the second lens. Shield from light. In other words, the stereoscopic image capturing device converts the object light into parallel light using the first lens, passes the necessary object light from the aperture window of the light shielding mask, and sends it as condensed light to the element optical element using the second lens. Then, the stereoscopic image pickup device is an element optical element that passes through the aperture window and is collected by the second lens and is separated on the horizontal line by the object light, and the center is adjacent to the rectangular or elongated shape of the aperture window. It is possible to form an element image of a corresponding shape and widen the viewing zone angle and take an image with the imaging unit.

In the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the unnecessary light removing unit includes a light-shielding mask in which each of the element optical elements has the opening window facing the front surface on the subject side of the element optical element group, and the element A light-shielding wall formed in the optical axis direction at the size of the element image on the back surface of the optical element, and the opening window has a longitudinal opening diameter equal to the diameter of the element optical element, and the opening window lateral direction opening diameter formed equal to the image short armed of the element images, the light shielding wall may have a structure in which is formed the length of the focal length of the element optics.

  With this configuration, the stereoscopic imaging apparatus allows the element light from the subject to enter from various angles of the opening window of the light shielding mask facing the element optical element, and the element image is formed by the object light not shielded by the light shielding wall. Is done. Therefore, the stereoscopic image pickup device removes unnecessary light of the object light by the light shielding portion and the light shielding wall other than the aperture window, and is a horizontally long rectangle or long object between the element optical elements that are separated in the horizontal axis direction and the center is adjacent. An element image can be formed in a range of a long shape, and an element image with a wide viewing zone angle can be captured by the imaging means.

Further, in the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the unnecessary light removing unit includes a first light-shielding mask having a first aperture window disposed between the element optical element and the subject, and a first light-shielding mask disposed facing the element optical element. A second light shielding mask having two aperture windows, wherein g is a distance between the element optical element group and the first light shielding mask, f is a focal length of the element optical element, and a pitch between the element optical elements is and p, the size of the image longitudinal length the element images is w _n, the size of an image short armed perpendicular to the image longitudinal length is h _n, longitudinal opening of the first opening window of the first light-shielding mask the lateral direction opening diameter with a diameter and a ₁ and b1, a longitudinal opening diameter of the second opening window of the second light-shielding mask the lateral direction opening diameter with an a ₂ when the b2, a ₁ + a ₂ = (g / f) w, 0 <a ₁ ≦ mi n [w, (g / f) w], 0 <a ₂ ≦ p, or b ₁ + b ₂ = (g / f) h, 0 <b ₁ ≦ min [h, (g / f) h], A structure may be formed as shown in the range of 0 <b ₂ ≦ p.

  With this configuration, the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus includes the first opening window formed in the first light shielding mask, the second opening window formed in the second light shielding mask, and the distance from the element optical system element to the first light shielding mask. Due to the relationship, the first aperture window and the second aperture window are made to have a specific shape size, and unnecessary object light incident on the element optical element is removed. That is, the stereoscopic image pickup device removes object light entering the adjacent element image with the first light shielding mask from the object light from the subject, and further, an element that becomes a rectangle or a long shape from the opening window of the second light shielding mask. Object light effective for an image is incident on an element optical element to form an element image.

Further, in the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the opening window includes a rectangular element image having a long side in which the size of the image image longitudinal length of the element image is larger than the minimum value of the distance between the centers of the adjacent element optical elements. It may be formed in such a shape.
With this configuration, in the stereoscopic video imaging device, the element image is formed in a rectangular shape, so that there is no gap between adjacent element images. Note that since the element image is a rectangle, the stereoscopic image pickup device widens the viewing zone angle in the longitudinal direction along the long side and reduces the viewing zone angle in the short direction along the short side of the rectangle. .

Further, in the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus, a field lens or a diffusing screen may be arranged between the element optical element group and the imaging unit at a surface position where the element image group is formed by the element optical element group. .
With this configuration, in the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus, the element image output from the element optical system element is formed on the field lens or the diffusion screen, and the imaging unit captures the formed element image.

In the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to claim 3 or 4, the element optical element group may be configured such that an outer peripheral edge thereof is rotatably supported by a rotating device. For example, the element optical element group is installed on a rotation device via a frame at the outer periphery thereof, and the element optical element group is rotated at a predetermined angle with the central axis of the element optical element group as a rotation center by the rotation device. You may comprise so that it may rotate.
With this configuration, the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus can freely adjust the angle between the reference line and the horizontal central axis of the element image by rotating the center of the element optical element group around the center of rotation by the rotation device. .

  5. The stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the shading mask has a rectangular shape of the opening window, and the lengths of the long side and the short side of the rectangular shape of the opening window are determined according to the viewing zone angle. It is good also as a structure provided with the variable mechanism which can be varied. For example, the shading mask is arranged as a variable mechanism, with the opening window as a rectangle, an upper long side plate and a lower long side plate arranged along the upper and lower long sides of the rectangle, and a short side of the opening window. A right short side plate, a left short side plate, a first moving mechanism for moving the upper long side plate and the lower long side plate so as to be close to and parallel to each other, and the right short side plate and the left short side plate The side plates may be configured to include a second moving mechanism that moves so as to be close to and away from each other in parallel, or may be configured as a liquid crystal shutter as a variable mechanism.

  With such a configuration, the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus causes the upper long side plate and the lower long side plate, and the right short side plate and the left short side plate to be spaced apart from each other in parallel by the first moving mechanism and the second moving mechanism. By moving in such a manner, the size of the viewing zone angle can be arbitrarily changed by freely changing the ratio of the rectangular shape of the element image.

Further, in the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus, the element optical element is a plano-convex lens, a convex lens, a refractive index distribution lens, an aspheric lens, a Fresnel zone plate, a kinoform, a diffractive optical element, a holographic optical element, a liquid crystal lens, or Either a combination lens or a variable focus lens may be used.
With this configuration, the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus can use an appropriate one by appropriately selecting element optical elements depending on the configuration of the apparatus.

The three-dimensional imaging device according to the present invention has the following excellent effects.
In the IP system, the stereoscopic image display device can widen the viewing zone angle in a specific direction while maintaining the resolution and depth distance of the three-dimensional image while keeping the number of pixels of the element optical element constant.

Since the stereoscopic image pickup device forms the unnecessary light removing means by the light shielding mask having the depth control lens and the aperture window, the viewing zone angle in a specific direction can be widened with a simple configuration.
The stereoscopic image pickup apparatus can form an afocal optical system by arranging the first lens, the light shielding mask having an aperture window, and the second lens at a predetermined half angle, and distortion according to the depth of the subject is generated. Without increasing the viewing zone angle in a specific direction.
The stereoscopic image pickup apparatus can remove unnecessary light by forming unnecessary light removal means by a light shielding mask having an opening window for each element optical element and a light shielding wall, and can widen the viewing zone angle in a specific direction. .

The stereoscopic image pickup apparatus can form unnecessary light removing means by the first light shielding mask having the first opening window and the second light shielding mask having the second opening window, and can widen the viewing zone angle in a specific direction. Become.
Since the stereoscopic image pickup device forms the aperture window shape so that the element image is rectangular, the element image can be efficiently formed into a rectangle with no gap by the element optical element.
The stereoscopic video imaging apparatus can take a group of element images displayed on a field lens or a diffusing screen with an imaging unit.
Since the stereoscopic image pickup device can tilt the element optical element group at a predetermined angle by the rotation device, the adjustment of the element image is facilitated. In addition, the stereoscopic image pickup device is configured so that the size of the rectangular opening window can be arbitrarily changed, so that the viewing angle of the element image can be easily adjusted in combination with the rotation device. can do.

1 is a perspective view schematically showing a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to a first embodiment of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a schematic diagram which shows typically the position of each structure in the three-dimensional image pick-up device of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a plane cross-sectional schematic diagram made into a partial cross section, (b) is a partial cross section. FIG. (A) is a schematic diagram schematically showing the relationship between the inclination angle of the element image with respect to the reference line and the shape of the element image in the element optical element group of the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention, (b) ) Is a graph showing the relationship between the inclination angle of the element optical element group of the stereoscopic image pickup device of the first embodiment according to the present invention with respect to the reference line and the size of the normalized element image. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state of an element image from the relationship of the inclination angle of the horizontal-axis centerline of an element optical element and a reference line in the three-dimensional image pick-up device of 1st Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a stacked arrangement FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the reference line of the element optical element group, the inclination angle of the horizontal axis center line, and the element image, and FIG. 5B is an element optical element when the horizontal axis center line shown in FIG. It is a schematic diagram which shows the relationship between and an element image. It is a schematic diagram which shows the three-dimensional image pick-up device of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a plane cross-sectional schematic diagram made into a partial cross section, (b) is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram made into the partial cross section. . It is sectional drawing which made the cross section partially showing the unnecessary light removal means of the three-dimensional image pick-up device of 3rd Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a plane cross-sectional schematic diagram which makes a part a plane cross section, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram which makes a part a vertical cross section. It is a front view which shows the light shielding mask used with the three-dimensional image pick-up device of 3rd Embodiment concerning this invention. It is sectional drawing which made the cross section partially showing the unnecessary light removal means of the three-dimensional image pick-up device of 4th Embodiment which concerns on this invention, (a) is a plane cross-sectional schematic diagram which makes a part a plane cross section, (B) is a longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram which makes a part a vertical cross section. It is a schematic diagram which shows the application example of the three-dimensional image pick-up device which concerns on this invention, (a) is a schematic diagram which shows the state which installed the field lens in the back focal plane of an element optical element group, (b) is an element optical element group It is a schematic diagram which shows the state which installed the diffusion screen in the back focal plane. (A) is a schematic diagram schematically showing the relationship between the inclination angle of the element image with respect to the reference line of the element optical element group in the square arrangement and the shape of the element image, showing an application example of the stereoscopic image pickup device according to the present invention; (B) is a graph showing the relationship between the inclination angle of the element optical element group with respect to the reference line and the size of the normalized element image in the square arrangement of the stereoscopic image pickup device according to the present invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows the state of an element image from the relationship of the inclination angle of the horizontal-axis centerline of an element optical element and a reference line in the three-dimensional imaging device which concerns on this invention, (a) is the element optical element group in a square arrangement | sequence. Schematic diagram showing the relationship between the inclination angle of the reference line and the horizontal axis center line and the element image, (b) is the element optical element and the element image when the inclination angle of the horizontal axis center line shown in (a) is arranged horizontally It is a schematic diagram which shows the relationship. It is a front view which shows the example of application of the three-dimensional image pick-up device based on this invention, and shows the opening window of the light shielding mask of the state from which the inclination angle of a reference line and the horizontal-axis centerline of an element image differs. It is a front view which shows the application example of the three-dimensional image pick-up device based on this invention, and shows typically the structure which can adjust the magnitude | size of the rectangular opening window in a light shielding mask freely. The front view which shows the application example of the three-dimensional image pick-up device based on this invention, and shows typically the structure which can adjust freely the inclination angle with respect to the reference line of the horizontal-axis center of the element image formed with an element optical element. is there. FIG. 9 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a configuration in which a stereoscopic image capturing apparatus according to the present invention is applied, and an image is captured by freely adjusting the size of the opening window of the light shielding mask and the inclination angle of the element optical element group. (A), (b) is a perspective view which shows typically the structure of the stereoscopic video imaging device of 2nd Embodiment which concerns on this invention, and the structure of the conventional stereoscopic video imaging device in parallel, respectively. It is a schematic diagram for comparing the state of the subject imaged with the stereoscopic video imaging device of embodiment which concerns on this invention with the element image imaged with the stereoscopic video imaging device of the conventional structure, (a) is 2nd Embodiment. The schematic diagram which shows the element image in the viewing zone angle in the horizontal axis direction of the rectangular element image imaged with the stereoscopic video imaging device shown by (b), (b) is the rectangle imaged with the stereoscopic video imaging device shown in 2nd Embodiment. Schematic diagram showing the element image at the viewing zone angle in the vertical axis direction of the element image, (c) is a schematic diagram showing the element image at the viewing zone angle in the horizontal axis direction of the element image captured by the conventional stereoscopic imaging device. (D) is a schematic diagram which shows the element image in the viewing zone angle in the vertical-axis direction of the element image imaged with the conventional stereoscopic imaging device. (A) is a schematic diagram showing a conventional IP imaging device, and (b) is a schematic diagram showing a conventional IP display device.

  Hereinafter, first to fourth embodiments of a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In addition, in each figure, there are some which are shown in a deformed manner with respect to the configuration of the element image, the element optical element, and the like. Further, the first to fourth embodiments will be sequentially described, and then application examples will be described. Furthermore, differences in viewing zone angles of element images captured between the present invention configured under specific conditions and a conventional stereoscopic video imaging device using the stereoscopic video imaging device of the second embodiment will be described. And the structure already demonstrated in each embodiment attaches | subjects the same code | symbol, and abbreviate | omits description.

As shown in FIG. 1, the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus 1 captures a subject W as a three-dimensional stereoscopic video with a wide viewing zone angle. The stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 1 includes a light shielding mask 2 installed as an unnecessary light removing unit 4, a depth control lens 3 that controls object light from the light shielding mask 2, and elemental optics that receives object light from the depth control lens. An element lens group 5 serving as an element group and a photographing camera 9 serving as an imaging unit that captures an element image w formed by the element lens group 5 are provided. In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus 1 is provided with a light shielding mask 2 in front of the depth control lens 3 at a focal distance F (front focal position) and a predetermined distance behind the depth control lens 3. The element lens group 5 is installed at a position separated by lb, and the photographing camera 9 is set behind the focal length f of the element lens 6 of the element lens group 5. Further, as shown in FIG. 2, the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus 1 has a positional relationship in which the subject W is arranged at a position away from the depth control lens 3 by a predetermined distance la.
The stereoscopic image capturing apparatus 1 is different from the conventional apparatus in that the shape of the opening window 2a of the light shielding mask 2 and the inclination angle of the horizontal central axis hL with respect to the reference line SL of the element lens group 5 take predetermined values. It is.

  The element lens group 5 forms the object light of the subject W into the element image group. The element lens group 5 is formed by arranging element lenses 6 that are convex lenses in parallel on a two-dimensional plane. In the element lens group 5, the inclination angle and the shape of the element image w to be formed will be described in the case where the element lenses 6 are stacked.

As shown in FIG. 3, the element lens group 5, the center of the element lenses _{6 P (P 0, P 1} , P 2, ... P n) element lens 6 is disposed adjacent to the neighboring as a minimum center between distance and p, the element lens 6 of the center indicated by O and 0 row 0 column position, the element lens 6 of the center indicated by P _n 1-n-th column (n is an integer) and the position of the. In the element lens group 5, an element image w that is a straight line passing through the center of the element image w along the longitudinal direction of the element image w is defined as a reference line SL with the center line connected with the minimum center distance of the element lens 6. the horizontal central axis is taken as hL, and a line segment OP _n is the longitudinal direction of the element images w, and the longitudinal extent of the element image w and the image longitudinal length w _n, the lateral direction of the range image short armed An element image w is formed in a rectangle _denoted by h _n . Further, the element lens group 5, when the angle of the reference line SL and the line segment OP _n and phi _n, the following equation element image w (1), can be expressed by (2).

w _n = h ₀ / sin φ _n (1)
h _n = (w ₀ h ₀ ) / w _n = w ₀ sin φ _n (2)
Here, in the expressions (1) and (2), w ₀ and h ₀ are respectively the longitudinal direction of the element images that can be arranged without a gap when the size in the longitudinal direction is the minimum center distance between the element lenses 6. It is the size in the short direction.
w ₀ = p Equation (3)
h ₀ = (√3) / 2p Equation (4)
Can be shown.

In the element lens group 5, it can be seen that the shape of the element image w <b> 1 changes as the inclination angle formed between the reference line SL and the horizontal central axis line hL <b> 1 increases. That is, to form the element image w1 between the center P ₁ and the center O adjacent in the horizontal central axis hL1 line. That is, in the element lens group 5, the element images w and w1 are formed between the element lenses 6 and 6 whose centers are adjacent to each other on the reference line SL and the horizontal central axis lines hL and hL1.

As shown in FIG. 3 (b), when the inclination angle phi _n elements optical element (element lens), as can be seen from the size of the normalized elemental image, phi _n is greater than 0 degrees and 60 degrees When it is smaller, it can be seen that the longitudinal size of the element image w is larger than the pitch p (wp: see FIG. 1) of the element lens 6. In particular, when φ _n is 8 degrees to 30 degrees, it can be seen that the ratio of the size in the longitudinal direction of the element image w to the size in the short direction is a long shape such as a rectangle having a ratio of 2 to 1 or more. . Incidentally, the element image w is determined the relationship of aspect ratio by the inclination angle phi _n, 60 degrees, 120 degrees, 180 degrees, 240 degrees, in other than the position of 280 degrees, it is possible to widen the viewing angle.

Here, the inclination values of the angle phi _n By increasing towards 60 degrees, the element horizontal central axis direction of the size of the image w (image longitudinal length) w _n and the vertical center axis direction of the size (image short armed ) H The shape approaches the ratio with _n . For example, as shown in FIG. 3 (a), the elemental image w1, because the inclination angle phi _n from element image w is close to 60 degrees, it is seen that a rectangular shape whose aspect ratio is reduced. In other words, the element image w1 has a wider viewing zone angle in the vertical direction than the element image w, but has a narrower range of viewing zone angles in the horizontal direction.

  As shown in FIG. 4A, the element lens group 5 is set so that the horizontal central axis hL of the element image w is inclined with respect to the reference line SL when the element lenses 6 are arranged in a stack. As shown in FIG. 4B, the element lenses 6 are arranged so that the horizontal center axis hL is horizontal. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1, element images w are formed between the element lenses 6 having a pitch wp that is between the element images w centered on the horizontal center axis hL.

As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the unnecessary light removing unit 4 is for removing unnecessary object light when forming the element image w. Unnecessary object light refers to a light beam group in which object light of another element image is incident on the object light region of one element image when forming the element image group. Here, the unnecessary light removing unit 4 includes a light shielding mask 2 and a depth control lens 3.
The light shielding mask 2 includes a rectangular opening window 2a which is a rectangle, and is configured to shield object light other than the opening window 2a. The depth control lens 3 is a convex lens, and makes object light from the opening window 2a of the light shielding mask 2 incident on the element lens 6 with an incident angle limited. Further, the depth control lens 3 forms an optical image of the subject W in the vicinity of the element lens. Here, the relationship between the focal length F of the depth control lens 3, the distance la to the subject W, and the distance lb to the element lens group 5 is shown in the following equation (5).

(1 / la) + (1 / lb) = 1 / F (5)
And the magnification M is
M = lb / la (formula 6)
It is.
Geometrically, when the opening diameter in the longitudinal direction of the opening window 2a of the light shielding mask 2 is A and the opening diameter in the short side direction is B, the size is as shown in the following equations (7) and (8). For example, the object light incident on the region of the other element image w can be removed.
A = (F / f) w _n Formula (7)
B = (F / f) h _n Formula (8)

In the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 1, the longitudinal direction (horizontal center line) of the opening window 2a of the light shielding mask 2 and the horizontal center axis hL of the element image w formed by the element lens 6 are parallel (the horizontal center of the opening window 2a). The horizontal center axis line hL of the line and the element image w are arranged in such a manner that the level is the same. Note that, here, the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 1 includes the center of the aperture window 2a (optical axis center), the optical axis center of the depth control lens 3, the optical axis center of the element lens group 5, and the optical axis of the photographing camera 9. It is arranged at a position where the center coincides.
The imaging camera 9 captures (captures) the element image w. The photographing camera 9 is a general TV camera or the like.

  In the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus 1 configured as described above, object light from the subject W is sent to the element lens 6 from the opening window 2 a of the light shielding mask 2. At this time, light that cannot pass through the opening window 2a of the light shielding mask 2 is removed as an unnecessary light beam group. An element image is formed by each element lens 6 on the object light incident on the element lens group 5. For example, when the subject W is photographed, it is possible to photograph an element image w having a rectangular horizontal viewing zone angle as compared with a conventional stacked lens element group. However, the element image w has a narrow vertical viewing zone angle as the horizontal viewing zone angle increases. In the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus 1, the element image group formed by the element lens group 5 is imaged by the imaging camera 9 to capture a 3D stereoscopic image. In the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus 1, the subject W can be captured (captured) in the same manner regardless of whether it is a stationary object or a moving object.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The stereoscopic video imaging device 11 is for capturing a three-dimensional stereoscopic video of the subject W. The stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 11 includes a first lens 13A as an unnecessary light removing unit 14, a light shielding mask 12, a second lens 13B, an element lens group 5 as an element optical element group, and a photographing camera 9 as an image pickup unit. It has. In this stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 11, an afocal optical system is formed by the first lens 13A and the second lens 13B.

The first lens 13A, the subject W is positioned at the position of the front focal point (front focal plane) of the focal length F _1, it is arranged subsequently focus light shielding mask 12 to the position (back focal plane).
The second lens 13B is a light shielding mask 12 to the position of the front focal point (front focal plane) of the focal length F ₂ are arranged, they are arranged element lens 5 to the position of the subsequent focus (back focal plane).
In the afocal optical system, the rear focal plane of the first lens 13A coincides with the front focal plane of the second lens 13B.
The optical image of the subject W is formed near the element lens group 5 by the afocal optical system of the first lens 13A and the second lens 13B.

The light shielding mask 12 includes an opening window 12a, and is configured to shield object light other than the opening window 12a. The light shielding mask 12 is configured such that the opening diameter C in the longitudinal direction and the opening diameter D in the short direction of the opening window 12a are expressed by the following equations.
C = (F ₂ / f) w _n Formula (9)
D = (F ₂ / f) h _n Formula (10)

In the formulas, f is the focal length of the element lenses, w _n is the image longitudinal length component image w, h _n is the image short armed element image.
The magnification M is M = F ₂ / F ₁ .
In the stereoscopic image pickup device 11, by forming the opening window 12a of the light shielding mask 12 as shown in the equations (9) and (10), it is possible to remove the light rays incident on the region of the other element image w, An element image w having a wide viewing zone angle in a specific direction can be taken by the photographing camera 9.

  That is, in the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 11, the object light from the subject W is converted into parallel light by the first lens 13A and sent to the light shielding mask 12. The stereoscopic image pickup device 11 removes an unnecessary light group of object light by sending object light that can pass through the aperture window 12a to the second lens 13B with a light shielding mask. The stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 11 sends object light from which unnecessary light ray groups are removed from the second lens 13 </ b> B to the element lens group 5, and forms an element image w with each element lens 6. The stereoscopic video imaging device 11 forms the element image w as a rectangle or a long shape, and images the element image group with the imaging camera 9.

Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.
As shown in FIG. 6, the stereoscopic video imaging device 21 has a configuration in which an optical system such as a lens is not set between the subject W and the element lens group 5. The stereoscopic image pickup device 21 includes an element lens group 5 as an element optical element group in which an element lens 6 as an element optical element arranged at a position facing the subject W is arranged on a two-dimensional plane, and the element lens group 5. Unnecessary light removing means 24 having a light shielding mask 22 having an opening window 22a formed on the front side of each element lens 6 and a light shielding wall 23 formed on the back side of each element lens 6, and unnecessary light rays by this unnecessary light removing means 24. A photographic camera 9 is provided as imaging means for imaging the element image w formed by removing the group.

The unnecessary light removing unit 24 removes an unnecessary light group from the light beam group of the object light of the subject W by the light shielding mask 22 and the light shielding wall 23.
As shown in FIGS. 6A, 6 </ b> B, and 7, the light shielding mask 22 is provided to face the front surface of each element lens 6. Here, an opening window 22 a is opened on the front surface of the element lens 6. Attached to the lens surface. The aperture window 22a is formed such that the longitudinal aperture diameter A1 is the lens width when the longitudinal aperture diameter is A1 and the lateral aperture diameter is B1, and the lateral aperture diameter B1 is the element image. It is formed as a short image length h _n of w.
Here, in the unnecessary light removing unit 24, when the object light from the subject W is incident on the opening window 22 a of the light shielding mask 22, there is still a light ray group of the object light incident on the adjacent element image. Therefore, the unnecessary light is removed.

As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the light shielding wall 23 enters the region of the other element image w out of the object light of the subject W that is incident on the aperture window 22 a and output from the element lens 6. To remove unnecessary light. The light shielding wall 23 is formed along the optical axis direction in a range tailored to the image longitudinal length w _n and the image short armed h _n of the element image w, and formed in the length of the focal length f of the element lenses 6 Has been. The light shielding wall 23 is attached to the back surface of the light shielding mask 22 and the back surface of the element lens 6 by attachment means such as adhesive or welding. The light shielding wall 23 shields light by absorbing light.

  In the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus 21 configured as described above, unnecessary object light from the subject W is shielded by the light shielding surface of the light shielding mask 22 and further passes through the element lens 6 among the object light incident from the aperture window 22a. The light beam incident on the region of the adjacent element image w having a large inclination angle is shielded by the light shielding wall 23 to remove unnecessary light. Then, in the stereoscopic video imaging device 21, the element image w is formed into a rectangle as indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 7 by the element lens 6. Therefore, the photographing camera 9 can photograph an element image w having a wide viewing zone angle in a specific direction (here, the horizontal direction).

Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
The three-dimensional image pickup device 31 includes a first light shielding mask 32 and a second light shielding mask 33 as unnecessary light removing means 34 provided at a position facing the subject W, and an element lens provided facing the second light shielding mask 33. A group 5 and a photographing camera 9 as an imaging means for capturing an element image group from the element lens group 5 are provided.

In the stereoscopic image pickup device 31, the element image w is formed at the position (focal plane) of the focal length f of the element lens 6 of the element lens group 5. Further, the stereoscopic image pickup device 31 uses the distance from the element lens group 5 to the first light shielding mask 32 as g, and the longitudinal opening diameter a ₁ and the short direction opening diameter of the first opening window 32a of the first light shielding mask 32. b ₁ , the longitudinal opening diameter a ₂ of the second opening window 33 a of the second light shielding mask 33, and the short opening diameter b _2, and the pitch between the element lenses (element optical elements) 6 (or the diameter of the element lens). Where p is

a ₁ + a ₂ = (g / f) w _n , 0 <a ₁ ≦ min [w _n , (g / f) w _n ], 0 <a ₂ ≦ p (11),
b ₁ + b ₂ = (g / f) h _n , 0 <b ₁ ≦ min [h _n , (g / f) h _n ], 0 <b ₂ ≦ p... Yes.
Incidentally, _{a 1} is greater than 0, and the range of smaller values of _{w n} and (g / f) _{w n.} In addition, b ₁ is larger than 0 and is in a range where h _n and (g / f) h _n are smaller (in FIG. 1, the pitch between the element lenses 6 is indicated by pw).

  The three-dimensional image pickup device 31 formed in such a relationship includes the object light from the subject W by the first opening window 32a of the first light shielding mask 32 and the second opening window 33a of the second light shielding mask 33. It is possible to remove an unnecessary light group and form an element image w having a wide viewing zone angle in a specific direction (horizontal direction).

The first to fourth embodiments of the present invention have been described above. However, the following application examples may be used in each configuration.
That is, as shown in FIG. 9A, the stereoscopic image pickup devices 1, 11, 21, 31 arrange the field lens 8 </ b> A at the position of the focal length f of the element lens 6 of the element lens group 5, and the field lens. The element image w formed on 8A may be configured to be photographed by the photographing camera 9. Further, as shown in FIG. 9B, the stereoscopic image pickup devices 1, 11, 21, 31 dispose the diffusion screen 8 </ b> B by disposing the diffusion screen 8 </ b> B at the focal length f of the element lens 6 of the element lens group 5. The element image w displayed on the screen 8B may be configured to be photographed by the photographing camera 9. In FIGS. 9A and 9B, the unnecessary light removing unit 14 of the stereoscopic image capturing apparatus 11 is specifically illustrated, but the configuration of other embodiments may be used.

Furthermore, although the element lens group 5 has been described as an example of a stacked arrangement, it is configured as a square arrangement as shown in FIG. 10A, and an inclination angle φ _n between the reference line SL and the horizontal central axis hL. The element image w may be formed at a predetermined angle. As shown in FIG. 10B, the difference in configuration from the stacked arrangement is that the lens pitch p is 1 in the element lens group 5. Further, as shown in FIG. 10 (b), the elemental image w is determined the relationship of aspect ratio by the inclination angle phi _n, 90 degrees, 180 degrees, in other than the position of 270 degrees, can be wide viewing angle It becomes.

  As shown in FIG. 11A, the element lens group 5 is set so that the horizontal central axis hL of the element image w is inclined with respect to the reference line SL when the element lenses 6 are arranged in a square array. As shown in (b), the element lenses 6 are arranged so that the horizontal center axis hL is horizontal. Therefore, in the element lens group 5, element images w are formed between the element lenses 6 having a pitch wp that is between the element images w whose centers are on the horizontal center axis hL.

Also, the opening window 22a facing the element lens 6, in the case of forming a 33a, as shown in FIG. 12, when the value of the inclination angle phi _n varies varies the opening window 22a, the relationship of aspect ratio of 33a. In FIG. 12, since the opening windows 22a are formed as an example of the stacking arrangement, the size w _n of the element image w in the horizontal central axis direction is increased by increasing the value of the inclination angle φ _n toward 60 degrees. And the ratio of the size h _{n in} the vertical central axis direction approaches. In FIG. 7, the element image w is formed between positions where about two element lenses 6 are skipped, and in FIG. 12, the element image is formed between positions where about one element lens 6 is skipped. Will be.

  Moreover, you may make it a structure as shown in FIG. 13 as a variable mechanism which can adjust the magnitude | size of the opening windows 2a and 12a of the light shielding masks 2 and 12 freely. That is, as shown in FIG. 13, the unnecessary light removing device 52 serving as a variable mechanism has a configuration in which the opening diameter of the opening window 52a can be freely adjusted. The unnecessary light removing device 52 includes a support leg 52b, a support plate 52c supported by the support leg 52b, a first moving mechanism 53 attached to the support plate 52c, a second moving mechanism 54, and a first movement. An upper long side plate 55 and a lower long side plate 56 that are moved by the mechanism 53, and a right short side plate 57 and a left short side plate 58 that are moved by the second moving mechanism 54 are provided. The support plate 52c has a through hole 52d penetrating in the center thereof, and an opening window 52a formed by the upper long side plate 55, the lower long side plate 56, the right short side plate 57, and the left short side plate 58 is set. It is formed to be larger than the maximum opening.

The first moving mechanism 53 includes an upper moving mechanism 53A and a lower moving mechanism 53B.
The upper moving mechanism 53A includes an upper drive motor 53A1, an upper feed screw 53A2, and an upper guide 53A3. The upper long side plate 55 includes an engagement portion 55b that slides along an upper guide 53A3 provided on the other end side, an engagement portion 55b that engages with an upper feed screw 53A2 provided on one end side thereof, and an opening. And an upper shielding plate 55c that forms the upper long side of the window 52a.

  The lower movement mechanism 53B includes a lower drive motor 53B1, a lower feed screw 53B2, and a lower guide 53B3. The lower long side plate 56 includes a screwing portion 56a that is screwed into a lower feed screw 53B2 provided at one end thereof, and an engagement portion 56b that slides along a lower guide 53B3 provided at the other end side. And a lower shielding plate 56c forming the lower long side of the opening window 52a.

The second moving mechanism 54 includes a right moving mechanism 54A and a left moving mechanism 54B.
The right movement mechanism 54A includes a right drive motor 54A1, a right feed screw 54A2, and a right guide 54A3. The right short side plate 57 includes a threaded portion 57a that is threadedly engaged with the right-side feed screw 54A2 provided at one end thereof, an engaging portion 57b that is slid along the right-side guide 54A3 provided at the other end side, and an opening. And a right shielding plate 57c that forms the right short side of the window 52a.

  The left moving mechanism 54B includes a left drive motor 54B1, a left feed screw 54B2, and a left guide 54B3. The left short side plate 58 includes a threaded portion 58a that is threadedly engaged with a left feed screw 54B2 provided at one end thereof, an engaging portion 58b that is guided and slid by a left guide 54B3 provided at the other end. And a left shielding plate 58c that forms the left short side of the opening window 52a.

  Since the unnecessary light removing device 52 is configured as described above, by moving the upper moving mechanism 53A and the lower moving mechanism 53B of the first moving mechanism 53 in synchronization, the short direction of the opening window 52a The diameter can be changed, and the longitudinal diameter of the opening window 52a can be changed by moving the right side moving mechanism 54A and the left side moving mechanism 54B of the second moving mechanism 54 in synchronization. The unnecessary light removing device 52 may be configured to form the opening window 52a by individually moving the upper long side plate 55, the lower long side plate 56, the right short side plate 57, and the left short side plate 58.

Further, as shown in FIG. 14, the element lens group 5 in which the element lenses 6 are arranged in a stacked arrangement is supported by a support frame 61 and is rotated by a rotation device 60 at a predetermined angle. The rotating device 60 includes a holding frame 62 that rotatably holds the support frame 61, a leg portion 63 that supports the holding frame at a predetermined height, a driven gear 64 provided on the support frame 61, and the driven gear 64. A drive gear 65 that meshes and rotates and a drive motor 66 that drives the drive gear 65 via a speed reduction mechanism (not shown) are provided. The element lens group 5 is set at a tilt angle φ _n between the reference line SL and the horizontal center axis hL of the element image w by stopping at a predetermined angle with the optical axis center GP as the rotation center by driving the rotation device 60. Is configured to do.

In addition, by using the unnecessary light removing device 52 and the rotating device 60, it is possible to photograph element images w having different viewing zone angles in a specific direction depending on the subject W to be photographed. For example, as shown in FIG. 15, the stereoscopic video imaging device 91 freely sets the opening window 52 a of the unnecessary light removal device 52 via the control device 70 through the operation of the input unit 80 and rotates the subject W. In this configuration, the device 60 is rotated by a predetermined angle, and the photographing camera 9 captures an element image w having a wide viewing zone angle in a specific direction. The stereoscopic image pickup device 91 can change the size of the aperture window 52a and the inclination angle of the element lens group 5 each time the subject W to be shot changes, and can take a picture with the shooting camera 9. The control device 70 inputs an input procedure for photographing from the input unit 80 to the storage unit 90 in advance, and sets the inclination angle of the aperture window 52a and the element lens group 5 based on the input procedure stored in advance. And you may make it image | photograph with the imaging | photography camera 9. FIG.
Furthermore, in the case where the viewing zone angle is expanded in a specific direction, the horizontal direction has been described. It doesn't matter.

  In addition, the unnecessary light removing device 52 is mechanically operated as a variable mechanism, but a liquid crystal screen may be installed as a variable mechanism. In other words, the liquid crystal screen can be used as an aperture window by controlling the object light other than the part to be transmitted so as not to pass and controlling only the region where the object light is to be transmitted, for example, a rectangle.

  Furthermore, although the description has been given of displaying a three-dimensional image by the IP method, a stereoscopic image pickup device by a multi-view method (including a one-dimensional IP method) may be used. The multi-view system has only parallax in a specific direction. Therefore, a cylindrical lens is applied as the element lens 6 constituting the element lens group 5. The cylindrical lens is installed so as to have a condensing function in a direction having parallax. The element images w constituting the element image group are long in the direction in which the viewing zone is enlarged, and the parallax in the direction orthogonal to the direction is smaller than the direction in which the parallax is enlarged or has no parallax. When a cylindrical lens is used, it is necessary that the subject is near (immediately or almost in close contact) with the element optical element group or a depth control lens is used.

  Further, the element image w is shown as information of a range in which a rectangular outer diameter line is drawn. However, if it is a long shape, the center of the element image w and the optical axis center point of the element lens (element optical element) 6 Are formed in the opening windows 2a and 12a having the same shape as that of the element image w, so that in a long shape exceeding the size of the element optical element in a specific direction, for example, a rhombus, a long ellipse, a polygon, etc. It can also be shaped.

  Further, the element optical element has been described as an element lens that is a convex lens, but a plano-convex lens, an aspheric lens, a refractive index distribution lens, a Fresnel zone plate, a kinoform, a diffractive optical element, a holographic optical element, a liquid crystal lens, or Either a combination lens, a pinhole, or a variable focus lens.

  Next, the stereoscopic image capturing device is specifically identified, and a three-dimensional stereoscopic image is actually captured to verify the spread of the viewing zone angle in the specific direction. Here, as shown in FIG. 16 (a), the viewing area is actually determined by the configuration of the stereoscopic video imaging device 11 already described and the configuration of the stereoscopic video imaging device Sa to be compared as shown in FIG. 16 (b). The difference in the spread of the corners was confirmed and will be described below.

First, the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 11 includes a first lens 13A, a light shielding mask 12, a second lens 13B, an element lens group 5, a diffusion screen 8B, and a photographing camera 9. As a configuration of the stereoscopic image pickup device 11, when the inclination angle φ _n of the element lens group 5 is 30 degrees, the horizontal viewing zone angle of the three-dimensional image is Ω _h , and the vertical viewing zone angle is Ω _v ,
Ω _h = 2 tan ⁻¹ (w _n / (2f)) Equation (13)
Ω _v = 2 tan ⁻¹ (h _n / (2f)) (14)
It becomes. Therefore, each of the horizontal viewing zone angle Omega _h the next 31.9 of the three-dimensional image, the vertical viewing zone angle Ωv becomes 9.4 degrees. Here, the image longitudinal length _{w n} and the image short armed _{h n} of the element image w, equation (1), (2) from a respective (√3) mm and 1/2 mm, an opening window of the light shielding mask 12 The longitudinal opening diameter C and the transverse opening diameter D of 12a are:

C = F ₂ tan (Ω _h / 2) Equation (15)
D = F ₂ tan (Ω _v / 2) (16)
And from the formulas (15), (16), (1), (2), C = (F ₂ / f) [(√3p) / (2 sinφ _n )] (17)
D = (F ₂ / f) psinφ _n Formula (18)
Therefore, C = 85.7 mm and D = 24.8 mm.
Note that in the stereoscopic image pickup device 11, the lens pitch p of the element lens 6 is 1 mm, the focal length f of the element lens 6 is 3.03 mm, and the inclination angle φ _{n of} the reference line SL and the horizontal center axis hL of the element image w = The focal length F ₁ of the first lens 13A was 150 mm, and the focal length F ₂ of the second lens 13B was 150 mm.

Further, as shown in FIG. 16B, the stereoscopic image capturing device Sa to be compared includes the first lens 13A, the light shielding mask 202, the second lens 13B, the element lens group 250, the diffusion screen 8B, and the photographing. And a camera 9. In the element lens group 250, the inclination angle φ _n = 0 between the reference line SL and the horizontal central axis hL of the element image w is set to 0 °, and the other configurations are the same as those of the present invention. I made it. In the stereoscopic image capturing device Sa to be compared, the horizontal viewing angle Ω _h and the vertical viewing angle Ω _v are both equal as shown in the following equation:
Ω _h = Ω _v = 2 tan ⁻¹ (p / (2f)) Equation (19)
Here, Ω _h = Ω _v = 18.7 degrees.

The diameter of the element image is 1 mm because it matches the pitch of the element lens.
Further, light rays having an incident angle with respect to the element lens larger than (Ω _h = Ω _v ) / 2 are crosstalk between element images, and need to be removed. Therefore, according to the equations (19), (15), and (16), the opening window 202a of the light shielding mask is a circular opening having a diameter of 49.5 mm.
Here, the stereoscopic image capturing device Sa to be compared inserts the diffusion screen 8B behind the element lens group 250 (focal length of the element lens 6), and captures the element image group projected on the diffusion screen 8B by the photographing camera 9. Taken by.

<Regeneration experiment>
The element image group imaged by the stereoscopic video imaging device 11 and the conventional stereoscopic video imaging device was subjected to reproduction calculation by a computer. Here, similarly to the photographing system, it is also possible to optically reproduce the photographed elemental image group by disposing the element lens group in the display system in an inclined manner. Therefore, when the calculation is performed by the computer, the configuration of the element lens group is the same as that of the imaging system. Here, when the same element lens group is used in the imaging system and the display system, a so-called depth inversion phenomenon occurs. Therefore, each elemental image was rotated 180 degrees to return the depth to the original and calculated.

FIG. 17 shows changes in the three-dimensional image with respect to the observer's horizontal observation direction and vertical observation direction. Here, θ _x and θ _y represent the horizontal observation direction and the vertical observation direction of the observer, respectively, and 0 degree represents a state observed from the front. In the conventional method, as shown in FIG. 17C, since the horizontal viewing angle is 18.7 degrees, when the horizontal observation direction is 9 degrees, observation is performed from the end of the viewing area. It can be seen that when the angle is larger than that, the observation is made from the side lobe. On the other hand, when the image is picked up by the three-dimensional image pickup device 11 of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 17A, the horizontal viewing angle is 31.9 degrees. It turns out that it is in the state.

  Further, as shown in FIGS. 17B and 17D, regarding the change of the three-dimensional image with respect to the vertical observation direction, the viewing zone angle of the stereoscopic image pickup apparatus 11 of the present invention is narrow (small). As can be seen, FIG. 17B shows the present invention, and FIG. 17D shows the conventional apparatus. Here, the vertical viewing zone angles of the stereoscopic video imaging device Sa compared with the stereoscopic video imaging device 11 of the present invention are 9.4 degrees and 18.7 degrees, respectively. From these results, it was confirmed that the ratio of the horizontal viewing angle and the vertical viewing angle was changed.

1, 11, 21, 31, 91 Stereoscopic imaging device 2, 12 Shading mask 2a, 12a, 22a, 52a Aperture window 3 Depth control lens 4, 14, 24, 34, 52 Unnecessary light removing means 5 element lens group 6 element Lens 8A Field lens 8B Diffusion screen 9 Shooting camera 13A First lens 13B Second lens 23 Light shielding wall 32 First light shielding mask 32a First opening window 33 Second light shielding mask 33a Second opening window 60 Rotating device 70 Control device 80 Input means 90 Storage means GP Optical axis center W Subject hL Horizontal central axis h _n Short image length w Element image w _n Long image length

Claims (9)

In order to capture a stereoscopic image of a subject using the integral photography method, an element optical element group in which element optical elements for forming an element image are arranged on a two-dimensional plane and unnecessary light from the object light from the subject are removed. In a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus comprising unnecessary light removing means for performing imaging and imaging means for imaging an element image formed by the element optical element group,
The element optical element group includes the element along the longitudinal direction of the element image, with a straight line connecting the centers of the two element optical elements having a minimum center-to-center distance between adjacent element optical elements as a reference line. The straight line passing through the center of the image and the reference line are inclined so that they have an angle,
The unnecessary light removing means removes an unnecessary light group from the light group of the object light from the subject so that the element image constituting the element image group does not overlap with the other element image. Having at least
The element optical element group and unnecessary light removing means are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the opening window and the longitudinal direction of the element image are parallel to each other,
The unnecessary light removing means is disposed between the subject and the element optical element group, and includes a light shielding mask that forms the aperture window, and a depth control lens disposed between the light shielding mask and the element optical element group. The light shielding mask is disposed at the position of the front focal point of the depth control lens,
A longitudinal opening diameter of the opening window is A, a short opening diameter perpendicular to the longitudinal opening diameter is B,
The focus of the depth control lens is F,
The size of the image longitudinal length the element images is w _n, an image short armed perpendicular to the image longitudinal length is h _n,
When the focal point of the element optical element is f,
_{A = (F / f) w} n, B = (F / f) steric image pickup device characterized in that the _{h n.} In order to capture a stereoscopic image of a subject using the integral photography method, an element optical element group in which element optical elements for forming an element image are arranged on a two-dimensional plane and unnecessary light from the object light from the subject are removed. In a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus comprising unnecessary light removing means for performing imaging and imaging means for imaging an element image formed by the element optical element group,
The element optical element group includes the element along the longitudinal direction of the element image, with a straight line connecting the centers of the two element optical elements having a minimum center-to-center distance between adjacent element optical elements as a reference line. The straight line passing through the center of the image and the reference line are inclined so that they have an angle,
The unnecessary light removing means removes an unnecessary light group from the light group of the object light from the subject so that the element image constituting the element image group does not overlap with the other element image. Having at least
The element optical element group and unnecessary light removing means are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the opening window and the longitudinal direction of the element image are parallel to each other,
The unnecessary light removing means includes a first lens, a light shielding mask having the aperture window, and a second lens in that order between the subject and the element optical element group.
The subject is disposed at a front focal position of the first lens, and the light shielding mask is disposed at a rear focal position of the first lens,
The light shielding mask is disposed at the front focal position of the second lens, and the element optical element group is disposed at the rear focal position of the second lens,
The opening diameter in the longitudinal direction of the opening window is C, the opening diameter in the short direction is D,
The focal length of the first lens and F _1, the focal length of the second lens and F _2,
The size of the image longitudinal length the element images is w _n, the size of an image short armed perpendicular to the image longitudinal length is h _n,
When the focal point of the element optical element is f,
_{C = (F 2 / f)} w n, D = (F 2 / f) steric image pickup device characterized in that the _{h n.} In order to capture a stereoscopic image of a subject using the integral photography method, an element optical element group in which element optical elements for forming an element image are arranged on a two-dimensional plane and unnecessary light from the object light from the subject are removed. In a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus comprising unnecessary light removing means for performing imaging and imaging means for imaging an element image formed by the element optical element group,
The element optical element group includes the element along the longitudinal direction of the element image, with a straight line connecting the centers of the two element optical elements having a minimum center-to-center distance between adjacent element optical elements as a reference line. The straight line passing through the center of the image and the reference line are inclined so that they have an angle,
The unnecessary light removing means removes an unnecessary light group from the light group of the object light from the subject so that the element image constituting the element image group does not overlap with the other element image. Having at least
The element optical element group and unnecessary light removing means are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the opening window and the longitudinal direction of the element image are parallel to each other,
The unnecessary light removing means includes a light-shielding mask formed on each of the element optical elements with the opening window facing the front surface on the subject side of the element optical element group, and a rear surface of the element optical element. A light shielding wall formed in the optical axis direction in size,
The opening window has a longitudinal opening diameter equal to the diameter of the element optical element, and a short opening diameter of the opening window equal to the image short length of the element image,
The light shielding wall, characterized in that it is formed to the length of the focal length of the element optical element steric image pickup device. In order to capture a stereoscopic image of a subject using the integral photography method, an element optical element group in which element optical elements for forming an element image are arranged on a two-dimensional plane and unnecessary light from the object light from the subject are removed. In a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus comprising unnecessary light removing means for performing imaging and imaging means for imaging an element image formed by the element optical element group,
The element optical element group includes the element along the longitudinal direction of the element image, with a straight line connecting the centers of the two element optical elements having a minimum center-to-center distance between adjacent element optical elements as a reference line. The straight line passing through the center of the image and the reference line are inclined so that they have an angle,
The unnecessary light removing means removes an unnecessary light group from the light group of the object light from the subject so that the element image constituting the element image group does not overlap with the other element image. Having at least
The element optical element group and unnecessary light removing means are arranged so that the longitudinal direction of the opening window and the longitudinal direction of the element image are parallel to each other,
The unnecessary light removing means includes a first light shielding mask having a first opening window disposed between the element optical element and the subject, and a second light shielding having a second opening window disposed to face the element optical element. With a mask,
The distance between the element optical element group and the first light shielding mask is g,
The focal length of the element optical elements is f, the pitch between the element optical elements is p,
Said image longitudinal length the size of the element image and w _n, the size of the image short armed perpendicular to the image longitudinal length and h _n,
A longitudinal opening diameter of the first opening window of the first light-shielding mask is shorter direction opening diameter and b1 with the a _1,
A longitudinal opening diameter of the second opening window of the second light-shielding mask the lateral direction opening diameter with an a ₂ when the b2,
a ₁ + a ₂ = (g / f) w, 0 <a ₁ ≦ min [w, (g / f) w], 0 <a ₂ ≦ p,
b ₁ + b ₂ = (g / f) h, 0 <b ₁ ≦ min [h, (g / f) h], 0 <b ₂ ≦ p,
Standing body image pickup device you characterized by being formed as indicated by the scope of the. The opening window is formed in a shape such that the length of the image image in the element image is a rectangular element image having a long side larger than the minimum value of the center-to-center distance between the adjacent element optical elements. The stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 4 , wherein Between said elements the optical element group and the imaging means, the surface position of the element images is formed by the element optical element group, claim 1, characterized in that a field lens or diffusing screen according to claim 5 The three-dimensional image pick-up device according to any one of the above. It said element optical element group, the stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that they have installed its outer periphery is supported by the rotatably pivoted device. The light-shielding mask according to claim 2 or 3 , further comprising: a variable mechanism that makes the opening window a rectangle and changes a length of a long side and a short side of the rectangle of the opening window according to a viewing angle. The stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the apparatus is a stereoscopic video imaging apparatus. The element optical element is a plano-convex lens, a convex lens, a refractive index distribution lens, an aspheric lens, a Fresnel zone plate, a kinoform, a diffractive optical element, a holographic optical element, a liquid crystal lens, or a combination lens or a variable focus lens. The stereoscopic video imaging apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 8 , wherein

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