JP5807596B2 - Electric vehicle - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an electric vehicle, and more particularly, to an electric vehicle equipped with a motor that is a driving power source.

  Conventionally, electric vehicles such as electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles equipped with a motor as a driving power source are known. In such an electric vehicle, direct-current power supplied from a vehicle-mounted battery is converted into alternating-current power by a power conversion device such as an inverter and applied to the motor. As a result, the motor is driven and the traveling power can be output.

  The power conversion device such as the inverter is housed in a metal case such as an aluminum alloy (hereinafter referred to as “inverter case” as appropriate) and mounted in a drive unit housing chamber in the front of the vehicle together with the motor. Sometimes. Here, in a hybrid vehicle, an engine that is an internal combustion engine is mounted as a driving power source, and a storage chamber in the front of the vehicle in which the engine is stored is called an engine compartment. Therefore, in the hybrid vehicle, the engine compartment corresponds to the drive unit accommodation chamber of the electric vehicle.

  Since the power conversion device mounted on the electric vehicle handles a high voltage, it is necessary to increase the high-voltage safety of the electric vehicle in consideration of the fact that the case housing the power conversion device is not easily damaged in the event of a vehicle collision. .

  For example, Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2010-202103 (Patent Document 1) discloses a vehicle inverter mounting structure having a guide mechanism from a position where an inverter is fixed in an engine compartment toward a partition wall at the time of a vehicle collision. As a result, the inverter can be retracted along the guide mechanism in the event of a vehicle collision, preventing the inverter from moving in an unexpected direction and coming into contact with other equipment and damaging the inverter. It can be suppressed.

JP 2010-202103 A

  As described in Patent Document 1, it is necessary to secure a space behind the inverter case in the engine compartment in order to move the inverter case rearward at the time of a vehicle collision and avoid damage due to the collision. Space efficiency in the engine compartment will be reduced.

  On the other hand, in order to improve the space efficiency in the engine compartment, if auxiliary components such as a coolant reserve tank and air cleaner are arranged in front of the inverter case, the coolant reserve tank and air cleaner will face Since there is a possibility of movement, it is necessary to protect the inverter case for the high voltage safety of the electric vehicle.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle capable of improving the space efficiency in the drive unit accommodation chamber and ensuring high-pressure safety. is there.

An electric vehicle according to the present invention is an electric vehicle capable of traveling by a driving force of a motor disposed in a drive unit accommodation chamber at a front portion of the vehicle, and is disposed in the drive unit accommodation chamber and between the motor and the motor. A case in which a power conversion device for transmitting and receiving electric power is stored; and an auxiliary member disposed in front of the case with respect to the vehicle front-rear direction in the drive unit storage chamber, wherein the auxiliary member is a deformed component. A high-strength portion having higher strength than other portions, and the high-strength portion of the auxiliary member is provided along a direction intersecting the opposing direction of the auxiliary member and the case , The auxiliary machine member is a coolant reserve tank, and the high-strength portion of the auxiliary machine member is a rib or a flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tank, or a gas-liquid separator provided in the coolant reserve tank Or Both are.

  In the electrically powered vehicle according to the present invention, the case is fixed in the drive unit housing chamber with a front end edge orthogonal to the vehicle front-rear direction, and the auxiliary member is arranged in parallel with the case in plan view. The auxiliary member may be fixed in such a manner that the high-strength portion is provided on the outer peripheral portion or inside, and the extending direction or the surface direction of the high-strength portion is inclined with respect to the vehicle front-rear direction.

  According to the electric vehicle according to the present invention, it is possible to improve the space efficiency in the drive unit accommodation chamber and ensure high-pressure safety.

It is a figure which shows roughly the structure in the engine compartment located in the vehicle front part of an electric vehicle by planar view. It is a figure which shows roughly the structure in an engine compartment with a collision experiment barrier by a side view. FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to FIG. 2, showing a state when an electric vehicle equipped with a coolant reserve tank of a comparative example has collided with a collision experiment barrier. (A) is a side view of the coolant reserve tank of a comparative example, (b) is a side view of the coolant reserve tank used for this embodiment. (A) is a top view of the coolant reserve tank of a comparative example, (b) is a top view of the coolant reserve tank used for this embodiment. (A) is a side view of the air cleaner of a comparative example, (b) is a side view of the air cleaner used for this embodiment. It is a figure corresponding to FIG. 2 which shows a state when the electrically-driven vehicle of this embodiment collides with the collision experiment barrier.

  DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention (hereinafter referred to as embodiments) will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this description, specific shapes, materials, numerical values, directions, and the like are examples for facilitating the understanding of the present invention, and can be appropriately changed according to the application, purpose, specification, and the like. In addition, when a plurality of embodiments and modifications are included in the following, it is assumed from the beginning that these characteristic portions are used in appropriate combinations.

  In the following, a hybrid vehicle equipped with an engine and a motor generator as a traveling power source will be described as an example of an electric vehicle. However, the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle equipped with only a motor generator as a traveling power source. Alternatively, the present invention may be applied to a fuel cell vehicle equipped with a fuel cell in addition to a battery composed of a secondary battery.

  FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration in an engine compartment located at the front portion of a hybrid vehicle 10 in a plan view. In FIG. 1, the left side corresponds to the front of the vehicle, the right side corresponds to the rear of the vehicle, the upper side corresponds to the right side of the vehicle, and the lower side corresponds to the left side of the vehicle. FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing the configuration in the engine compartment together with the collision experiment barrier B in a side view. In FIG. 2, the left side corresponds to the front side of the vehicle, the right side corresponds to the rear side of the vehicle, the upper side corresponds to the upper side of the vehicle, and the lower side corresponds to the lower side of the vehicle. Further, the collision experiment barrier B shown in FIG. 2 (the same applies to FIGS. 3 and 7) is constituted by, for example, a concrete block, an iron block, or the like.

  As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the hybrid vehicle 10 includes an engine compartment 12 at the front of the vehicle. The engine compartment 12 is a drive unit accommodation chamber that houses a drive unit including an engine and a motor generator described later. The upper part of the engine compartment 12 is covered with a hood panel 13, and the rear of the engine compartment 12 is partitioned from the vehicle interior by a partition wall 15.

  The hybrid vehicle 10 also includes side members 14L and 14R extending in the vehicle front-rear direction on both the left and right sides of the vehicle. A radiator 16 is supported between the side members 14L and 14R at the front of the vehicle in a posture along the vertical direction.

  An engine unit 20 that is an internal combustion engine is mounted in the engine compartment 12. The engine unit 20 is fixed to a chassis including side members 14L, 14R and the like by a bracket (not shown). A crankshaft (not shown) that is an output shaft of the engine unit 20 is connected to a transaxle described later.

  A transaxle 22 is mounted in the engine compartment 12 adjacent to the engine unit 20. Transaxle 22 includes two motor generators MG1, MG2 and a gear train connected to these output shafts. The transaxle 22 is configured integrally by housing motor generators MG1, MG2, and the like in a transaxle housing 23 made of, for example, aluminum die casting.

  The output shaft of the transaxle 22 is connected to the wheel 18 via an axle (not shown). Thus, transaxle 22 can travel by transmitting the power of engine unit 20 and motor generators MG1, MG2 to wheels 18, while at the time of deceleration or the like, at least one of motor generators MG1, MG2 is transmitted from wheels 18. Power is input to and regenerative power generation is performed.

  In the present embodiment, an example in which two motor generators are included in the transaxle will be described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, one motor generator may be included in the transaxle. Further, the gear train of the transaxle may be provided with a clutch mechanism for interrupting the connection between the motor generator and the axle and / or between the engine unit and the motor generator.

  A case 24, which is a metal casing made of, for example, an aluminum alloy, is fixed to the upper part of the transaxle housing 23 constituting the transaxle 22. The case 24 is attached to the transaxle 22 by a bracket (not shown). In addition, as shown in FIG. 2, the case 24 is disposed in an inclined posture so that the upper surface is lowered forward. In this case, the front end edge of the case 24, that is, the position of the front upper corner portion 25 of the case 24 is arranged on the vehicle rear side with respect to the front edge portion of the transaxle 22. In this way, even if the radiator 16 or the like moves rearward when the vehicle collides forward, it can be received by the transaxle 22, so that it is possible to suppress the collision load at the time of the vehicle front collision from acting on the case 24. As a result, the case 24 is not easily damaged, and the high-pressure safety is improved.

  However, the case 24 is not limited to the case where the case 24 is mounted in the front-down position as described above, and the case may be fixed on the transaxle in the horizontal position, or in the rear-down position. It may be fixed on the transaxle. When the case 24 is horizontally disposed, the front side surface is the case front end edge, and when the case 24 is disposed in a rearwardly lowered posture, the front lower corner is the case front end edge.

  The case 24 accommodates an inverter capable of bidirectional conversion between a DC voltage and an AC voltage. In this sense, the case 24 is also called an inverter case. Further, the case 24 may accommodate a microcomputer that performs overall power control in the hybrid vehicle 10, and in this sense, the case 24 is also called a PCU (Power Control Unit) case. Further, in addition to the inverter, the case 24 boosts a DC voltage supplied from an in-vehicle battery (not shown) and supplies it to the inverter, while reducing the DC voltage supplied from the inverter during regeneration. A buck-boost converter for charging the battery may be accommodated.

  Although not shown, three power cables, a total of six, extend from the case 24 to each of the motor generators MG1, MG2. Power is exchanged between the inverter and motor generators MG1, MG2 via these power cables. As in the present embodiment, the case 24 is mounted immediately above the transaxle 22, so that the margin length of the power cable can be shortened and there is an advantage that the cost can be reduced.

  In FIG. 1, the surroundings of the engine unit 20 and the transaxle 22 in the engine compartment 12 are blank. However, in these spaces, various accessories such as a drive system, a cooling system, an air conditioning system, and the like are used. The members are arranged substantially tightly.

  A coolant reserve tank (hereinafter simply referred to as “reserve tank”) 30, which is an example of an auxiliary machine member, is disposed at a position in front of the case 24 in the engine compartment 12. The reserve tank 30 has a function of storing a coolant used for cooling an inverter or the like in the case 24, for example. The reserve tank 30 is positioned between the radiator 16 and the case 24 and is supported by the upper portion of the radiator 16 or other members disposed around the upper portion of the radiator 16.

  In the present embodiment, the reserve tank 30 has a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape, and is disposed in a posture parallel to the case 24 disposed behind the reserve tank 30, as shown in FIG. Here, the parallel posture means that the rear end edge or rear side surface of the reserve tank 30 and the front end edge 25 of the case 24 are parallel to each other in the plan view shown in FIG.

  It is preferable that nothing is arranged in the space between the radiator 16 and the case 24. When an auxiliary machine member is arranged in this space, as shown in FIG. 3, when the front part of the vehicle is deformed and the radiator 16 moves rearward at the time of the frontal collision of the vehicle, a reserve tank or the like accompanies the movement. This is because there is a possibility that the case 24 is damaged when the auxiliary member is pushed rearward and collides with the case 24. Since the power conversion device such as an inverter housed in the case 24 handles the high voltage applied to the motor generators MG1 and MG2, if the case 24 is damaged, the inverter is exposed, which threatens the high-voltage safety of the vehicle. It becomes.

  On the other hand, since the space in the engine compartment is narrow in the first place, it is preferable to improve the space efficiency by properly arranging the accessory members arranged in the engine compartment in order to reduce vehicle downsizing and cost.

  Therefore, in the hybrid vehicle 10 of the present embodiment, the space efficiency in the engine compartment 12 is improved by applying the following devices to the auxiliary members such as the reserve tank 30 disposed between the radiator 16 and the case 24. And ensuring high-pressure safety of the vehicle.

  4A is a side view of the reserve tank 300 of the comparative example, and FIG. 4B is a side view of the reserve tank 30 used in the present embodiment. The coolant reserve tank is constituted by a resin container, and ribs (high-strength portions) 32 protrude from the outer periphery in order to increase the strength. Such a rib 32 becomes thick among the container constituent parts and has a higher deformation strength against the collision load than the other parts 34. That is, when the rib 32 of the reserve tank 300 becomes a collision direction along the vehicle front-rear direction as shown in FIG. 4A, the reserve tank 30 is relatively less likely to collapse in the front-rear direction, which is the extending direction of the rib 32. The rib 32 exerts a relatively large impact load in a direction perpendicular to the case 24 arranged behind the case.

  On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 4B, the rib 32 of the reserve tank 30 is in the direction in which the collision load acts during the frontal collision of the vehicle, that is, the vehicle front-rear direction that is the opposite direction of the reserve tank 30 and the case 24. The reserve tank 30 is fixed along the direction in which the extending directions intersect. Specifically, the rib 32 is formed so as to extend along a direction that is not orthogonal to the front side surface 30a and the rear side surface 30b of the reserve tank 30 having a substantially rectangular parallelepiped shape. By forming the ribs 32 so as to be inclined as described above, the reserve tank 30 is more easily crushed than the reserve tank 300 of the comparative example with respect to the vehicle collision direction indicated by the arrow.

  In the reserve tank 30, the crossing angle θ between the extending direction of the rib 32 and the longitudinal direction of the vehicle may be an acute angle of less than 90 degrees. Further, the crossing angle θ may be 90 degrees, that is, the ribs 32 may be formed to extend in a direction perpendicular to the vehicle front-rear direction. Further, in the above description, the high-strength portion formed on the outer periphery of the reserve tank 30 has been described as a rib. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a flange for connecting the divided tank elements to each other is provided. You may make the high intensity | strength part of a reservoir tank.

  FIG. 5A is a plan view of the coolant reserve tank 300 of the comparative example, and FIG. 5B is a plan view of the coolant reserve tank 30 used in the present embodiment. The reserve tanks 300 and 30 are provided with a gas-liquid separator 36 inside. The gas-liquid separator 36 has a rectangular plate shape and has a relatively high strength in a direction along the surface direction. In the reserve tank 300 of the comparative example, the gas-liquid separator 36 is provided along the vehicle front-rear direction. On the other hand, the gas-liquid separator 36 of the reserve tank 30 used in the present embodiment is provided along a direction intersecting or inclined with respect to the vehicle longitudinal direction. By tilting in this way, the reserve tank 30 is more easily crushed than the reserve tank 300 of the comparative example in the vehicle collision direction indicated by the arrow, as in the case of the rib 32 described above.

  Note that the structure in which the gas-liquid separating material 36 is inclined may be used alone in the reserve tank, or may be used in combination with the structure in which the ribs and flanges are inclined.

  FIG. 6 shows an example in which the accessory member disposed between the radiator 16 and the case 24 is an air cleaner. FIG. 6A is a side view of the air cleaner 400 of the comparative example, and FIG. 6B is a side view of the air cleaner 40 used in the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the air cleaners 400 and 40 include a container or casing 42 that forms an air flow path therein, and a cleaner element (high strength portion) 44 provided inside the container. The cleaner element 44 has a plate shape and has a relatively high strength in a direction along the surface direction. In the air cleaner 400 of the comparative example, the cleaner element 44 is provided along the horizontal direction. On the other hand, the cleaner element 44 of the air cleaner 40 used in the present embodiment is provided along a direction in which the surface direction intersects or is inclined with respect to the horizontal direction. By inclining in this way, the air cleaner 40 has a structure that is more easily crushed than the air cleaner 400 of the comparative example with respect to the vehicle collision direction indicated by the arrow, as in the case of the rib 32 and the gas-liquid separator 36 described above. .

  As described above, in the hybrid vehicle 10 of the present embodiment, the high-strength portions 32, 36, 44 of the accessory members 30, 40 disposed in front of the case 24 in the engine compartment 12 are the accessory members 30, 40. Is provided along a direction intersecting or inclining with respect to the vehicle front-rear direction, which is a facing direction of the case 24, and the auxiliary members 30, 40 are compared by an impact load at the time of a vehicle front collision. It is configured to be easier to collapse than the example. As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, the collision energy can be effectively absorbed when the auxiliary machine members 30 and 40 are largely crushed at the time of the frontal collision of the vehicle, and as a result, the proximity to the rear of the auxiliary machine members 30 and 40. Thus, the case 24 arranged in this manner is less likely to be damaged. Therefore, the high-pressure safety in the hybrid vehicle is improved. In addition, space efficiency in the engine compartment 12 is improved by disposing the accessory members 30 and 40 in front of the case 24 in the engine compartment 12.

  In addition, this invention is not limited to the structure of embodiment mentioned above, A various change is possible within the range of the matter described in the claim of this application.

  For example, in the above description, the auxiliary member disposed in front of the case 24 in the engine compartment 12 is the reserve tank 30 or the air cleaner 40. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, a relay box, a resonator, etc. It may be another auxiliary member such as an electric pump.

  In the above description, the case 24 in which the power conversion device such as an inverter is accommodated has been described as being mounted on the transaxle 22. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the case is fixed to the vehicle body by a bracket or the like. May be.

  Furthermore, in the above description, the case where the auxiliary machine member and the case are arranged in parallel has been described, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, at least one of the auxiliary machine member and the case may be arranged to be inclined with respect to the vehicle left-right direction so that the facing direction of the auxiliary machine member and the case is deviated from the vehicle longitudinal direction. In this way, even if the auxiliary member of the comparative example shown in FIGS. 4 (a), 5 (a) and 6 (a) is used, the effect of suppressing the impact load on the case at the time of the vehicle front collision can be expected. .

  Furthermore, in the above description, it has been described that the upper portion of the radiator is positioned further forward of the accessory member positioned in front of the case 24. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and other than the radiator is positioned in front of the accessory member. Other auxiliary machine members may be arranged, or the upper position of the radiator may be low and the front of the auxiliary machine member may be a hood panel.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hybrid vehicle (electric vehicle), 12 Engine compartment (drive part accommodation chamber), 13 Hood panel, 14L, 14R Side member, 15 Bulkhead, 16 Radiator, 18 Wheel, 20 Engine unit, 22 Transaxle, 23 Transaxle housing, 24 Case, 25 Front upper corner (front edge), 30,300 Reserve tank (auxiliary member), 30a Front side, 30b Rear side, 32 Rib, 32, 36, 44 High strength part, 34 Other parts, 36 Gas-liquid separating material, 40,400 Air cleaner (auxiliary member), 42 Container or housing, 44 Cleaner element, B Collision experiment barrier, MG1, MG2 motor generator, θ crossing angle.

Claims (2)

An electric vehicle capable of traveling by a driving force of a motor disposed in a drive unit accommodation chamber at the front of the vehicle,
A case in which a power conversion device that is disposed in the drive unit accommodating chamber and transfers power to and from the motor is housed;
An accessory member disposed in front of the case in the vehicle front-rear direction in the drive unit accommodating chamber,
The auxiliary machine member has a high-strength portion whose deformation strength is higher than other parts of the constituent parts, and the high-strength portion of the auxiliary machine member intersects the opposing direction of the auxiliary machine member and the case. It is provided along the direction to
The auxiliary machine member is a coolant reserve tank, and the high-strength portion of the auxiliary machine member is a rib or a flange formed on the outer peripheral surface of the tank, or a gas-liquid separation provided in the coolant reserve tank Material, or both ,
Electric vehicle. The electric vehicle according to claim 1,
The case is fixed in the drive unit housing chamber with a front edge perpendicular to the vehicle front-rear direction, and the auxiliary member is arranged parallel to the case in a plan view and has the high strength at the outer periphery or inside. The auxiliary vehicle member is fixed such that the extending direction or the surface direction of the high-strength portion is inclined with respect to the vehicle front-rear direction.

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