JP5789826B2 - Windmill lightning protection method and apparatus - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims description 49
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
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Description
本発明は、風車の羽根に落雷した際の雷電流を、誘導手段によって、風車の羽根の表面に設けられた受雷部側に案内する避雷装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a lightning arrester that guides a lightning current when a lightning strike has occurred on a blade of a windmill to a lightning receiving side provided on the surface of the blade of the windmill by an induction unit.
近年の、環境汚染や資源枯渇の問題に対応すべく、グリーンエネルギ利用の必要性が高まっており、発電容量の大きい大型の羽を備えた風力発電装置の開発が進んでいるが、このような大型の風車は、全高も高く、羽根が高い位置に設置されるため、該羽根への落雷の確率も増加する。 In recent years, there has been a growing need for using green energy to cope with the problems of environmental pollution and resource depletion, and wind power generators with large wings with large power generation capacity have been developed. A large windmill has a high overall height and the blades are installed at a high position, so that the probability of lightning strikes on the blades also increases.
この落雷によって風車の羽根が破損した場合、修復に手間やコストがかかるとともに、修復が完了するまで風力発電を行うことができず、稼動率が低下する。特に、北陸地方の日本海沿岸では、日本海の暖流と上空の寒気団の温度差により、広大で且つ高度の低い雷雲が発達し、蓄積された電荷が一気に放電されて大きなエネルギーを有する冬季雷が発生するため、この問題が顕著である。 When the blades of the windmill are damaged by this lightning strike, it takes time and cost to repair, and wind power cannot be generated until the repair is completed, resulting in a reduction in operating rate. Especially on the coast of the Sea of Japan in the Hokuriku region, due to the temperature difference between the warm currents of the Sea of Japan and the cold air masses in the sky, a large and low-thunder thundercloud develops, and the accumulated charge is discharged all at once, and the winter thunder This problem is remarkable.
このような問題に対処するため、風車の羽根に落雷した際の雷電流を、誘導手段によって、前記羽根の表面に設けられた受雷部側に誘導し、受雷部から地中に逃がす特許文献１に示す風車の避雷方法及び装置が公知となっている。 In order to cope with such problems, a lightning current when lightning strikes on the blade of the windmill is guided to the lightning receiving side provided on the surface of the blade by the guiding means, and is released from the lightning receiving portion to the ground A windmill lightning protection method and apparatus shown in Document 1 are known.
上記文献の避雷装置では、風車の羽根の外面における受雷部以外の箇所に雷が落ちても、誘導手段によって、雷の放電電流を、受雷部側に誘導することが可能であるため、落雷による風車の羽根の破損を効率的に防止できる一方で、風車の外面に接着剤等で貼付される絶縁層に誘電体層を重ね合わせるとともに該誘電体層に所定間隔毎に導電性のセグメントを配置することにより前記誘導手段を構成しているため、該誘導手段の構成が複雑でコストが高くなる。 In the lightning arrester of the above-mentioned document, even if lightning falls on a part other than the lightning receiving part on the outer surface of the blade of the windmill, it is possible to guide the lightning discharge current to the lightning receiving part side by the guiding means. While it is possible to effectively prevent damage to the blades of the windmill due to lightning strikes, a dielectric layer is superimposed on an insulating layer attached to the outer surface of the windmill with an adhesive or the like, and a conductive segment is formed on the dielectric layer at predetermined intervals. Since the guide means is configured by arranging the guides, the structure of the guide means is complicated and the cost increases.
本発明は、落雷による破損を効率的に防止可能であるとともに、コストも低減可能な風車の避雷方法及び装置を提供することを課題としている。 It is an object of the present invention to provide a wind turbine lightning arresting method and apparatus that can efficiently prevent damage due to lightning strikes and that can reduce costs.
本発明は上記課題を解決するため、第１に、風車１の羽根６に落雷した際の雷電流を、誘導手段によって、前記羽根６の表面に設けられた受雷部７側に誘導する風車の避雷方法であって、帯状の誘導シート９を、受雷部７に向かって延びるように、羽根６の平坦な外面に貼付することにより、該誘導シート９の幅方向端部と、羽根６の外側面との境界に段差１１を形成し、前記羽根６の外面に貼付された前記誘導シート９の表面を、放電を発生させない平坦な面とするとともに羽根６の段差１１以外の箇所を平坦に形成することにより、前記段差１１を前記誘導手段とするか、或いは、前記受雷部７に向かって延びる誘導溝１２を風車の平坦な外面に凹設し、該誘導溝１２の段差１１によって前記誘導手段を構成し、水滴が留まるように前記段差１１の高低差を設定し、該段差１１は、前記羽根６に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部７側に案内することを特徴としている。 In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention firstly wind turbines that induce lightning currents when lightning strikes on the blades 6 of the wind turbine 1 to the lightning receiving section 7 provided on the surface of the blades 6 by induction means. The band-shaped guide sheet 9 is attached to the flat outer surface of the blade 6 so as to extend toward the lightning receiving portion 7, whereby the widthwise end of the guide sheet 9 and the blade 6 A step 11 is formed at the boundary with the outer surface of the blade 6, the surface of the induction sheet 9 affixed to the outer surface of the blade 6 is a flat surface that does not generate electric discharge, and portions other than the step 11 of the blade 6 are flat. The step 11 is used as the guiding means , or the guide groove 12 extending toward the lightning receiving portion 7 is recessed in the flat outer surface of the windmill, and the step 11 of the guide groove 12 Constituting the guiding means, so that the water droplets stay Set the height difference of the differential 11, stepped 11 is characterized in that to guide the lightning current when lightning strikes the blade 6 in the lightning receptor 7 side.
第２に、前記段差１１の高低差を、１００μｍ以上としたことを特徴としている。 Second, the height difference of the step 11 is 100 μm or more .
第３に、風車の羽根６に受雷部７を設置し、風車１の羽根６に落雷した際の雷電流を前記受雷部７に誘導する誘導手段を設けた風車の避雷装置であって、帯状の誘導シート９を、受雷部７に向かって延びるように、羽根６の平坦な外面に貼付することにより、該誘導シート９の幅方向端部と、羽根６の外側面との境界に段差１１を形成し、前記羽根６の外面に貼付された前記誘導シート９の表面を、放電を発生させない平坦な面とするとともに羽根６の段差１１以外の箇所を平坦に形成することにより、前記段差１１を前記誘導手段とし、水滴が留まるように前記段差１１の高低差を設定し、該段差１１は、前記羽根６に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部７側に案内することを特徴としている。 Third, a lightning arrester for a windmill in which a lightning striker 7 is installed on the blade 6 of the windmill, and a guiding means for guiding a lightning current when a lightning strikes on the blade 6 of the windmill 1 to the lightning striker 7 is provided. The belt-shaped guide sheet 9 is attached to the flat outer surface of the blade 6 so as to extend toward the lightning receiving portion 7, whereby the boundary between the widthwise end portion of the guide sheet 9 and the outer surface of the blade 6. And forming the surface of the induction sheet 9 affixed to the outer surface of the blade 6 as a flat surface that does not generate electric discharge and forming a portion other than the step 11 of the blade 6 in a flat manner. The level difference of the level difference 11 is set so that water drops stay on the level difference 11 , and the level difference 11 guides a lightning current when a lightning strikes on the blade 6 to the light receiving part 7 side. It is a feature.
第４に、前記段差１１の高低差を、１００μｍ以上としたことを特徴としている。 Fourth, the height difference of the step 11 is 100 μm or more .
第５に、前記誘導シート９が単一層によって形成されたことを特徴としている。 Fifth, the guide sheet 9 is formed of a single layer.
第６に、前記誘導シート９を羽根６に着脱可能に貼付したことを特徴としている。 Sixth, the guide sheet 9 is detachably attached to the blade 6.
第７に、風車１の羽根６に受雷部７を設置し、風車１の羽根６に落雷した際の雷電流を前記受雷部７に誘導する誘導手段を設けた風車の避雷装置であって、前記受雷部７に向かって延びる誘導溝１２を風車の平坦な外面に凹設し、該誘導溝１２の段差１１によって前記誘導手段を構成し、水滴が留まるように前記段差１１の高低差を設定し、該段差１１は、前記羽根６に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部７側に案内することを特徴としている。 Seventh , there is a lightning arrester for a windmill in which a lightning striker 7 is installed on the blade 6 of the windmill 1, and guidance means for guiding a lightning current when a lightning strikes on the blade 6 of the windmill 1 to the lightning striker 7. Thus, the guide groove 12 extending toward the lightning receiving portion 7 is recessed in the flat outer surface of the windmill, and the guide means is constituted by the step 11 of the guide groove 12 so that the water drops remain. The difference 11 is set, and the step 11 is characterized in that a lightning current when a lightning strikes on the blade 6 is guided to the light receiving portion 7 side .
第８に、前記段差１１の高低差を、１００μｍ以上としたことを特徴としている。 Eighth, the height difference of the step 11 is 100 μm or more .
第９に、受電部７を羽根６の先端部に配置し、上記段差１１を受電部７よりも基端側に配置したことを特徴としている。 Ninthly, the power receiving unit 7 is disposed at the distal end portion of the blade 6, and the step 11 is disposed closer to the base end side than the power receiving unit 7.
第１０に、上記段差１１を受雷部７又はその近傍まで延設したことを特徴としている。 Tenth, the step 11 is extended to the lightning receiving portion 7 or the vicinity thereof.
上記構成によれば、風車の羽根の平坦な外面に受雷部に向かう段差を形成し、誘導手段を構成する該段差によって、羽根に落雷した際の雷電流が、受雷部側に案内されるため、落雷による羽根の破損を効率的に防止できるとともに、誘導手段の構成もシンプルであるため、コストも低減できる。ちなみに、風車の外面に接着剤等で貼付される絶縁層に誘電体層を重ね合わせるとともに該誘電体層に所定間隔毎に導電性のセグメントを配置することにより前記誘導手段を構成した場合、絶縁体層の幅方向端部と、羽根の外面との境界に沿って段差は形成されるが、複数のセグメントによって、段差の近傍に凹凸が形成されるため、段差によって雷電流を受雷部側に誘導するという効果を望むことができない。 According to the above configuration, a step toward the lightning-receiving portion is formed on the flat outer surface of the blade of the windmill, and the lightning current when lightning strikes the blade is guided to the lightning-receiving portion side by the step constituting the guiding means. Therefore, it is possible to efficiently prevent the blades from being damaged by a lightning strike, and the structure of the guiding means is simple, so that the cost can be reduced. By the way, when the inductive means is configured by superimposing a dielectric layer on an insulating layer attached to the outer surface of the windmill with an adhesive or the like and arranging conductive segments at predetermined intervals on the dielectric layer, A step is formed along the boundary between the width direction end of the body layer and the outer surface of the blade, but unevenness is formed in the vicinity of the step by a plurality of segments. I can't hope for the effect of inducing.
また、前記段差に水を溜めれば、雷電流を誘導する作用がさらに高まり、落雷による破損をより効率的に防止できる。 Further, if water is accumulated in the step, the action of inducing lightning current is further enhanced, and damage due to lightning can be more efficiently prevented.
また、誘導シートが単一層によって形成されれば、誘導手段の構成がさらに簡略化される。 Further, if the guide sheet is formed of a single layer, the configuration of the guide means is further simplified.
さらに、前記誘導シートを羽根に着脱可能に貼付すれば、誘導シートを適宜交換させることによって、誘導手段の機能を長期的に維持させることが可能になる。 Further, if the guide sheet is detachably attached to the blade, the function of the guide means can be maintained for a long time by appropriately replacing the guide sheet.
なお、受雷部を羽根の先端部に配置し、上記段差を受雷部よりも基端側に配置すれば、羽根の先端側に落雷し易い特性を利用して、より効率的に受雷部側に雷電流を誘導できる。 If the lightning receiving part is arranged at the tip of the blade and the step is arranged at the base end side of the lightning receiving part, the lightning can be received more efficiently by utilizing the characteristic that lightning strikes to the tip side of the blade. Lightning current can be induced on the part side.
また、上記段差を受雷部又はその近傍まで延設すれば、より効率的に受雷部側に雷電流を誘導できる。 Further, if the step is extended to the lightning receiving portion or the vicinity thereof, a lightning current can be induced more efficiently on the lightning receiving portion side.
図１は、風力発電装置を示す正面図であり、図２は、風力発電装置の要部を示す要部拡大側面図である。
風力発電装置１は、上下方向の支柱２と、発電機を内装するとともに支柱２の上端部に支持固定されたナセル３と、ナセル３に回転自在に軸支されて発電機に直結された前後方向の回転軸４と、回転軸４の軸回りに所定ピッチ毎（図示する例では等ピッチ毎）に設置された羽根６とを備えた風車である。
FIG. 1 is a front view showing a wind power generator, and FIG. 2 is an enlarged side view showing a main part of the wind power generator.
The wind turbine generator 1 includes a vertical support column 2, a nacelle 3 that includes a generator and is supported and fixed at the upper end of the support column 2, and a front / rear shaft that is rotatably supported by the nacelle 3 and directly connected to the generator. It is a windmill provided with the rotating shaft 4 of a direction, and the blade | wing 6 installed about the axis | shaft of the rotating shaft 4 for every predetermined pitch (every pitch in the example shown in figure).
該風車に設置された複数枚（図示する例では３枚）の羽根６は、正面視回転軸４から放射状に延びる板状部材であって、前後方向の風を受けることにより、回転軸４を自身の軸回りに回転作動させ、この回転軸４の回転動力が発電機に伝動されることにより、発電が行われる。 A plurality of (three in the illustrated example) blades 6 installed in the windmill are plate-like members that extend radially from the front-view rotation shaft 4 and receive the wind in the front-rear direction, thereby rotating the rotation shaft 4. Electric power is generated by rotating the shaft around its own axis and transmitting the rotational power of the rotating shaft 4 to the generator.
前記避雷装置は、前記羽根６の先端部（回転軸から遠い側の端部）の前後（表裏）両面側にそれぞれに設けられる受雷部７と、地中に設けたアース導体（図示しない）と、該受雷部７及びアース導体の間を繋ぐ導電線８と、前記受雷部７の周辺に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部７へと誘導する誘導手段とを備え、前記受雷部７に落雷した際の雷電流（放電電流）は、前記導電線８により羽根６の内部とナセル３内と支柱２内とに亘って配線された避雷用導線を介して、アース導体に達し、地中へ逃がされる。 The lightning arrester includes lightning receiving portions 7 provided on both front and back (front and back) both sides of the front end portion (end portion far from the rotation axis) of the blade 6 and a ground conductor (not shown) provided in the ground. And a conductive wire 8 connecting the lightning receiving part 7 and the ground conductor, and a guiding means for guiding a lightning current when a lightning strikes around the lightning receiving part 7 to the lightning receiving part 7, A lightning current (discharge current) when a lightning strikes the lightning portion 7 is transmitted to the ground conductor via a lightning conductor that is routed by the conductive wire 8 between the inside of the blade 6, the nacelle 3, and the support 2. Reach and escape to the ground.
また、上記誘導手段は、平坦な羽根６の外面側の受雷部７近傍に、フレキシブルに変形する帯状の誘導テープ９（誘導シート）を貼付することにより凸部を形成し、該凸部の幅方向端部と羽根の外面側との境界に沿って形成された段差部１１（段差）によって構成されている。 Further, the guiding means forms a convex portion by sticking a strip-shaped guiding tape 9 (guide sheet) that is deformed flexibly in the vicinity of the lightning receiving portion 7 on the outer surface side of the flat blade 6, and the convex portion It is comprised by the level | step-difference part 11 (step) formed along the boundary of the width direction edge part and the outer surface side of a blade | wing.
次に、図３及び図４に基づき、誘導手段について説明する。
図３は、誘導テープを貼付した羽根の先端側を示す要部拡大図であり、図４は、図３の要部Ａ−Ａ断面図である。前記誘導テープ９は表裏両面が平坦なシート状部材であり、該誘導テープ９を、起伏のない非凹凸状の平滑なフラット面又は曲面である羽根６外面に貼付している。さらに詳しくは、羽根６外面における中途部から受雷部７が位置する先端側に向かって、誘導テープ９が貼付されている。図示する例では、羽根６外面における受雷部７よりも基端寄りに配置された誘導テープ９は、その先端側が受雷部７に近接する位置まで延設されているが、該誘導テープ９が受雷部７に向かう方向に延びていれば、受雷部７と誘導テープ９との距離がある程度離れていても、誘導効果が期待できる他、誘導テープ９を受雷部７に接するようにしてもよい。
Next, the guiding means will be described based on FIG. 3 and FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a main part showing a tip side of a blade to which a guide tape is attached, and FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the main part AA in FIG. The guide tape 9 is a sheet-like member whose both front and back surfaces are flat, and the guide tape 9 is affixed to the outer surface of the blade 6 which is a smooth flat surface or a curved surface having no unevenness. More specifically, a guide tape 9 is affixed from the midway part on the outer surface of the blade 6 toward the tip side where the lightning receiving part 7 is located. In the illustrated example, the guide tape 9 disposed closer to the base end than the lightning receiving portion 7 on the outer surface of the blade 6 extends to a position where the tip end side is close to the lightning receiving portion 7. Is extended in the direction toward the lightning receiving portion 7, the induction effect can be expected even if the distance between the lightning receiving portion 7 and the induction tape 9 is somewhat distant, and the induction tape 9 is in contact with the lightning receiving portion 7. It may be.
前記誘導テープ９を、羽根６の長手方向に沿って該羽根６の外面側に貼付することによって、誘導テープ９の幅方向端部と、貼付された羽根６の外面側との境界に、該境界に沿って誘導テープ９の厚さ分の高低差を有する前記段差部１１が形成される。該段差部１１は、誘導テープ９の幅方向の両側端側に形成され、受雷部７に向かってそれぞれ延びており、雷電流を受雷部７へと誘導する誘導手段となる。このとき、前記段差部１１の高低差、つまり誘導テープ９の厚さは、１００マイクロメートル以上あることが望ましい。 By affixing the guide tape 9 to the outer surface side of the blade 6 along the longitudinal direction of the blade 6, the guide tape 9 is attached to the boundary between the widthwise end of the guide tape 9 and the outer surface side of the attached blade 6. The step portion 11 having a height difference corresponding to the thickness of the guide tape 9 is formed along the boundary. The step portions 11 are formed on both side ends in the width direction of the induction tape 9 and extend toward the lightning receiving portion 7, respectively, and serve as guiding means for guiding the lightning current to the lightning receiving portion 7. At this time, the height difference of the stepped portion 11, that is, the thickness of the guide tape 9 is desirably 100 micrometers or more.
以上の構成により、羽根６に設けた受雷部７の周辺であって、前記段差部１１の近傍に落雷した場合、該落雷による雷電流は、誘導テープ９の両幅方向端部側の段差部１１へと導かれ、該雷電流が段差部１１に沿って受雷部７に誘導される。これにより、羽根６に落雷した際に発生した雷電流が受雷部７へと案内されるため、羽根６への落雷による破損を防止することができる。 With the above configuration, when a lightning strike occurs in the vicinity of the lightning receiving portion 7 provided on the blade 6 and in the vicinity of the stepped portion 11, the lightning current due to the lightning strikes a step on both end sides in the width direction of the induction tape 9. The lightning current is guided to the light receiving portion 7 along the step portion 11. Thereby, since the lightning current which generate | occur | produced when the lightning strike to the blade | wing 6 is guided to the light receiving part 7, the damage by the lightning strike to the blade | wing 6 can be prevented.
このとき、雷雨等により、前記段差部１１に沿って水滴が溜まることによって、より段差部１１に沿って雷電流が進展し易くなり、さらに効率的に雷電流を受雷部７へと誘導することができるようになる。 At this time, when water droplets accumulate along the stepped portion 11 due to thunderstorms or the like, the lightning current is more likely to propagate along the stepped portion 11, and the lightning current is efficiently guided to the lightning receiving portion 7. Will be able to.
該構成による誘導手段は、先行文献１に記載された、帯状の誘電体層に導体からなるセグメントを一定間隔で多数突設し、該セグメントの間に放電を発生させることにより雷電流を誘導する方法と異なり、羽根６に貼付した誘導テープ９の幅方向両端側に前記段差部１１を形成するとともに、該段差部１１以外の部分（具体的には、誘導テープ９の表面や、羽根６外面の段差部１１以外の箇所）を平坦にすることにより、羽根６の外面に雷撃した際の雷電流を、段差部１１に沿って受雷部７に誘導できる。このため、本発明の誘導手段は、より簡略な構成により、雷電流を、効率的且つ低コストで、受雷部７まで案内できる。 The inductive means with this configuration induces a lightning current by projecting a large number of segments made of conductors at regular intervals on a strip-shaped dielectric layer described in the prior art document 1, and generating a discharge between the segments. Unlike the method, the step portion 11 is formed on both end sides in the width direction of the guide tape 9 affixed to the blade 6, and portions other than the step portion 11 (specifically, the surface of the guide tape 9 and the outer surface of the blade 6 By flattening a portion other than the step portion 11, a lightning current when a lightning strike is made on the outer surface of the blade 6 can be guided to the lightning receiving portion 7 along the step portion 11. For this reason, the guiding means of the present invention can guide the lightning current to the lightning receiving portion 7 efficiently and at low cost with a simpler configuration.
したがって、前記誘導テープ９は段差部１１を形成することができれば雷電流を誘導する効果を発揮できるため、誘導テープ９は、マスキングテープ等の非導電体であっても、金属等の導電体からなるテープであっても良い。また、誘導テープ９を貼付することによって段差部１１を形成できるため、既存の風車の羽根６にも容易に誘導手段を設けることができるとともに、誘導テープ９を交換することによって段差部１１を形成し直すことができるため、メンテナンスも容易である。さらに、薄いテープを貼付するだけで雷電流を受雷部７へと誘導する効果を発揮できるため、風力発電装置１の発電効率に影響を与えることもない。 Therefore, since the induction tape 9 can exhibit the effect of inducing lightning current if the step portion 11 can be formed, the induction tape 9 can be made from a conductor such as a metal even if it is a non-conductor such as a masking tape. It may be a tape. Further, since the step portion 11 can be formed by applying the guide tape 9, the guide means can be easily provided on the blade 6 of the existing windmill, and the step portion 11 is formed by replacing the guide tape 9. Since it can be redone, maintenance is easy. Furthermore, since the effect of inducing the lightning current to the lightning receiving portion 7 can be exhibited simply by sticking a thin tape, the power generation efficiency of the wind turbine generator 1 is not affected.
また、受雷部７に向って羽根６の外面に貼付される前記誘導テープ９を、受雷部７を中心として放射状に複数設けて、より広範囲で落雷による雷電流を受雷部７に誘導できるように構成しても良い。なお、前記誘導テープ９は、受雷部７に直接接続するに至る位置まで貼付する構成とすることにより、より確実に雷電流を受雷部７へ誘導することができる他、該誘導テープ９を一定の間隔を空けて不連続に貼付した場合であっても、羽根６の表面に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部７へ誘導することができる。 Further, a plurality of the induction tapes 9 attached to the outer surface of the blade 6 toward the lightning receiving portion 7 are provided radially around the lightning receiving portion 7 so that lightning current caused by lightning strikes the lightning receiving portion 7 in a wider range. You may comprise so that it can. The induction tape 9 is affixed to a position where it is directly connected to the lightning receiving portion 7, so that the lightning current can be more reliably guided to the lightning receiving portion 7, and the induction tape 9 Even if it is affixed discontinuously with a certain interval, it is possible to induce a lightning current when a lightning strikes on the surface of the blade 6 to the lightning receiver 7.
また、風力発電装置１への落雷は、羽根６の先端部付近に雷撃する確率が高いため、羽根６の先端部に設けた受雷部７側から数メートルの範囲で誘導テープ９を張ることにより充分な避雷効果を得ることができる。 Further, since lightning strikes to the wind turbine generator 1 are highly likely to strike near the tip of the blade 6, the guide tape 9 is stretched within a range of several meters from the lightning receiving portion 7 provided at the tip of the blade 6. A sufficient lightning protection effect can be obtained.
さらに、羽根６の先端部だけでなく中間部にも受雷部７を設けた構成の大型の風車においては、該羽根６の中間部に設けた受雷部７から放射状に誘導テープ９を貼付することによって、羽根６に受ける雷撃を受雷部７で受けて地中へと逃がすことのできる範囲をより広範囲にすることができる。 Further, in the case of a large wind turbine having a lightning receiving portion 7 not only at the tip portion of the blade 6 but also at the intermediate portion, the guide tape 9 is applied radially from the lightning receiving portion 7 provided at the intermediate portion of the blade 6. By doing so, the range in which the lightning strike received by the blade 6 can be received by the lightning receiver 7 and escaped to the ground can be made wider.
なお、上述の例では、誘導テープ９を羽根６の平坦な外面に貼付することにより、受雷部７に向かって延びる凸部を形成したが、該構成の凸部を形成する手段は、これに限定されるものではなく、帯状の誘導テープに換えて線状の誘導糸を貼付することにより前記凸部を形成しても良いし、塗料を羽根６の平坦な外面に塗布することにより前記凸部を形成しても良い。 In the above-described example, the guide tape 9 is stuck on the flat outer surface of the blade 6 to form the convex portion extending toward the lightning receiving portion 7. The convex portion may be formed by affixing a linear guide thread instead of the strip-shaped guide tape, or by applying a paint to the flat outer surface of the blade 6. A convex portion may be formed.
次に、図５及び図６に基づき、前記誘導手段の他例を説明する。
図５は、誘導溝が凹設された羽根の先端側を示す要部拡大図であり、図６は、図５の要部Ｂ−Ｂ断面図である。図示する例より、起伏のない非凹凸状の平滑なフラット面又は曲面である羽根６外面に、受雷部７の設置箇所よりも基端側から該受電部７に向かって延びる誘導溝１２を直接凹設することにより、前記段差部１１を形成し、該段差部１１によって誘電手段を構成している。ちなみに、誘導溝１２の配置構成は、上述した誘導テープの配置構成と同一になる。
Next, another example of the guiding means will be described with reference to FIGS.
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a main part showing the leading end side of a blade having a recessed guide groove, and FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the main part BB in FIG. From the illustrated example, the guide groove 12 extending from the base end side to the power receiving unit 7 from the installation location of the lightning receiving portion 7 is formed on the outer surface of the blade 6 that is a smooth flat surface or curved surface that is not uneven and has no undulations. The step portion 11 is formed by being directly recessed, and the step portion 11 constitutes a dielectric means. Incidentally, the arrangement configuration of the guide groove 12 is the same as the arrangement configuration of the guide tape described above.
当該構成により、羽根６に凹設した前記誘導溝１２の近傍を雷撃した際、雷撃による雷電流が前記誘導溝１２に導かれ、該誘導溝１２に沿って受雷部７へと誘導することができるとともに、雷雨等により誘導溝１２に水滴が溜まることによって、より効率的に雷電流を誘導できる。 With this configuration, when a lightning strike is made in the vicinity of the guide groove 12 recessed in the blade 6, a lightning current due to the lightning is guided to the guide groove 12 and guided to the lightning receiving portion 7 along the guide groove 12. In addition, since water droplets accumulate in the induction groove 12 due to a thunderstorm or the like, a lightning current can be induced more efficiently.
また、前記誘導溝１２を羽根６の表面に直接凹設することにより段差部１１を形成するシンプルな構成のため、低コストで雷電流の誘導手段を設けることができるとともに、メンテナンス等を頻繁にしなくとも段差部１１が保たれるため、ランニングコストも抑制することができる。 Further, since the step portion 11 is formed by recessing the induction groove 12 directly on the surface of the blade 6, it is possible to provide lightning current induction means at a low cost and to perform maintenance frequently. Even if it is not, since the level | step-difference part 11 is maintained, running cost can also be suppressed.
次に、図７乃至１１に基づき、誘導溝の有無による放電の進展方向の違いを観察する実験を実施した。
図７は、実験態様を示す参考図である。具体的には、図７（Ａ）及び（Ｂ）に示されるように、半径２０ｍｍの円形試料の端部から円の中心に向って一本の誘導溝を設け、該円形試料の中心に配置した電極から交流電圧若しくはインパルス電圧を印加して放電電圧を測定するとともに、放電の進展の様子を観察した。ここで、前記円形試料に設ける誘導溝の長さ（ｘ）は、５ｍｍと，１０ｍｍと，１５ｍｍと、溝を設けない（０ｍｍ）場合とで放電電圧のピーク値をそれぞれ測定した。
Next, based on FIGS. 7 to 11, an experiment was conducted to observe the difference in the progress direction of the discharge depending on the presence or absence of the induction groove.
FIG. 7 is a reference diagram showing the experimental mode. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a single guide groove is provided from the end of a circular sample having a radius of 20 mm toward the center of the circle, and is arranged at the center of the circular sample. The discharge voltage was measured by applying an AC voltage or impulse voltage from the prepared electrode, and the progress of the discharge was observed. Here, the length (x) of the induction groove provided in the circular sample was 5 mm, 10 mm, 15 mm, and the peak value of the discharge voltage was measured when no groove was provided (0 mm).
図８（Ａ）は、交流電圧の印加時における放電の進展を示した図であり、図８（Ｂ）は、誘導溝の上に水滴がある状態で交流電圧を印加した際の放電の進展を示した図であり、図９（Ａ）は、インパルス電圧の印加時における放電の進展を示した図であり、図９（Ｂ）は、誘導溝の上に水滴がある状態でインパルス電圧を印加した際の放電の進展を示した図である。 FIG. 8A is a diagram showing the progress of discharge when an AC voltage is applied, and FIG. 8B is the progress of discharge when an AC voltage is applied with water droplets on the induction groove. FIG. 9A is a diagram showing the progress of discharge when an impulse voltage is applied, and FIG. 9B is a diagram showing the impulse voltage with water droplets on the induction groove. It is the figure which showed progress of the discharge at the time of applying.
同図より、交流電圧及びインパルス電圧の何れの電圧を印加した場合においても、円形試料の中心に配置される電極からの放電が、電極から前記誘導溝へと導かれ、該誘導溝に沿って円形試料の端部に誘導されている様子が確認できる。また、誘導溝の上に水滴がある場合においても同様にして放電が誘導溝に導かれて円形試料の端部に案内されている。 From the figure, even when any voltage of AC voltage and impulse voltage is applied, the discharge from the electrode arranged at the center of the circular sample is guided from the electrode to the induction groove, and along the induction groove. The state of being guided to the end of the circular sample can be confirmed. Similarly, when there is a water drop on the induction groove, the discharge is guided to the induction groove and guided to the end of the circular sample.
図１０（Ａ）は、試料端部からの誘導溝の長さと交流電圧を印加した際に測定された放電電圧との関係を示した図であり、図１０（Ｂ）は、誘導溝の上に水滴がある状態において、試料端部からの誘導溝の長さと交流電圧を印加した際に測定された放電電圧との関係を示した図である。また、図１１（Ａ）は、試料端部からの誘導溝の長さとインパルス電圧を印加した際に測定された放電電圧との関係を示した図であり、図１１（Ｂ）は、誘導溝の上に水滴がある状態において、試料端部からの誘導溝の長さとインパルス電圧を印加した際に測定された放電電圧との関係を示した図である。 FIG. 10A is a diagram showing the relationship between the length of the induction groove from the end of the sample and the discharge voltage measured when an AC voltage is applied, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the length of the induction groove from the end of the sample and the discharge voltage measured when an AC voltage is applied in a state where there are water droplets. FIG. 11A is a diagram showing the relationship between the length of the induction groove from the end of the sample and the discharge voltage measured when the impulse voltage is applied, and FIG. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the relationship between the length of the induction groove from the sample end and the discharge voltage measured when an impulse voltage is applied in a state where there is a water droplet on the top.
同図より、交流電圧又はインパルス電圧を印加した際に、円形試料に誘導溝を設けない場合と、誘導溝を設けて放電を該誘導溝に沿って円形試料の端部へと誘導した場合とを比較すると、誘導溝を設けた方が、計測される放電電圧の値が小さくなっていることがわかる。また、試料端部からの誘導溝の距離が長い場合、つまり、電極の接触位置と誘導溝との距離が近い程、計測される放電電圧の値が小さくなる傾向にあることが確認された。 From the figure, when an AC voltage or impulse voltage is applied, a circular sample is not provided with an induction groove, and an induction groove is provided to induce discharge along the induction groove to the end of the circular sample. , It can be seen that the value of the measured discharge voltage is smaller when the guide groove is provided. In addition, it was confirmed that when the distance of the induction groove from the sample end is long, that is, as the distance between the electrode contact position and the induction groove is shorter, the measured discharge voltage value tends to be smaller.
また、交流電圧印加時、インパルス電圧印加時のいずれの場合も、誘導溝に水滴がない状態と、誘導溝に水滴がある状態とを比較すると、誘導溝に水滴がある場合の方が測定される放電電圧の値が小さくなることが確認された。 In addition, when AC voltage is applied or impulse voltage is applied, comparing the state where there are no water droplets in the induction groove with the state where there are water droplets in the induction groove, the case where there are water droplets in the induction groove is measured. It was confirmed that the value of the discharge voltage was small.
１ 風力発電装置（風車）
６ 羽根
７ 受雷部
９ 誘導テープ（誘導シート）
１１ 段差部（段差）
１２ 誘導溝
1 Wind power generator (windmill)
6 Blade 7 Lightning receiving part 9 Guiding tape (guidance sheet)
11 Steps (steps)
12 Guide groove
Claims (10)
帯状の誘導シート（９）を、受雷部（７）に向かって延びるように、羽根（６）の平坦な外面に貼付することにより、該誘導シート（９）の幅方向端部と、羽根（６）の外側面との境界に段差（１１）を形成し、前記羽根（６）の外面に貼付された前記誘導シート（９）の表面を、放電を発生させない平坦な面とするとともに羽根（６）の段差（１１）以外の箇所を平坦に形成することにより、前記段差（１１）を前記誘導手段とするか、或いは、
前記受雷部（７）に向かって延びる誘導溝（１２）を風車の平坦な外面に凹設し、該誘導溝（１２）の段差（１１）によって前記誘導手段を構成し、
水滴が留まるように前記段差（１１）の高低差を設定し、
該段差（１１）は、前記羽根（６）に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部（７）側に案内する
風車の避雷方法。 A lightning arresting method for a windmill in which a lightning current when lightning strikes on a blade (6) of a windmill (1) is guided to a lightning receiving part (7) side provided on the surface of the blade (6) by a guiding means. ,
By sticking the belt-shaped guide sheet (9) to the flat outer surface of the blade (6) so as to extend toward the lightning receiving portion (7), the widthwise end of the guide sheet (9) and the blade A step (11) is formed at the boundary with the outer surface of (6), and the surface of the induction sheet (9) affixed to the outer surface of the blade (6) is a flat surface that does not generate discharge and the blade The step (11) is used as the guiding means by forming a portion other than the step (11) in (6) flat , or
A guide groove (12) extending toward the lightning receiver (7) is recessed in the flat outer surface of the windmill, and the guide means is constituted by a step (11) of the guide groove (12).
Set the height difference of the step (11) so that the water drops stay,
The step (11) is a lightning arresting method for a windmill that guides a lightning current when a lightning strikes the blade (6) to the lightning receiver (7).
帯状の誘導シート（９）を、受雷部（７）に向かって延びるように、羽根（６）の平坦な外面に貼付することにより、該誘導シート（９）の幅方向端部と、羽根（６）の外側面との境界に段差（１１）を形成し、前記羽根（６）の外面に貼付された前記誘導シート（９）の表面を、放電を発生させない平坦な面とするとともに羽根（６）の段差（１１）以外の箇所を平坦に形成することにより、前記段差（１１）を前記誘導手段とし、
水滴が留まるように前記段差（１１）の高低差を設定し、
該段差（１１）は、前記羽根（６）に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部（７）側に案内する
風車の避雷装置。 A windmill provided with a light-receiving section (7) on the blade (6) of the windmill, and provided with guiding means for guiding a lightning current when lightning strikes on the blade (6) of the windmill (1) to the lightning-receiving section (7) Lightning protection device,
By sticking the belt-shaped guide sheet (9) to the flat outer surface of the blade (6) so as to extend toward the lightning receiving portion (7), the widthwise end of the guide sheet (9) and the blade A step (11) is formed at the boundary with the outer surface of (6), and the surface of the induction sheet (9) affixed to the outer surface of the blade (6) is a flat surface that does not generate discharge and the blade By forming a portion other than the step (11) of (6) flat, the step (11) is the guiding means ,
Set the height difference of the step (11) so that the water drops stay,
This level | step difference (11) is a lightning arrester of a windmill which guides the lightning current at the time of a lightning strike to the said blade (6) to the lightning receiving part (7) side.
請求項３に記載の風車の避雷装置。 Lightning protection device of a windmill according to claim 3 height difference, which was 100 [mu] m or more of the step (11).
請求項４に記載の風車の避雷装置。 The lightning arrester for a windmill according to claim 4, wherein the induction sheet (9) is formed of a single layer.
請求項４又は５の何れかに記載の風車の避雷装置。 The lightning arrester for a windmill according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the guide sheet (9) is detachably attached to the blade (6).
前記受雷部（７）に向かって延びる誘導溝（１２）を風車の平坦な外面に凹設し、該誘導溝（１２）の段差（１１）によって前記誘導手段を構成し、
水滴が留まるように前記段差（１１）の高低差を設定し、
該段差（１１）は、前記羽根（６）に落雷した際の雷電流を受雷部（７）側に案内する
風車の避雷装置。 The lightning receiving part (7) is installed on the blade (6) of the windmill (1), and a guiding means for guiding a lightning current when a lightning strikes on the blade (6) of the windmill (1) to the lightning receiving part (7) A windmill lightning protection device provided,
A guide groove (12) extending toward the lightning receiver (7) is recessed in the flat outer surface of the windmill, and the guide means is constituted by a step (11) of the guide groove (12).
Set the height difference of the step (11) so that the water drops stay,
This level | step difference (11) is a lightning arrester of a windmill which guides the lightning current at the time of a lightning strike to the said blade | wing (6) to the light-receiving part (7) side .
請求項７に記載の風車の避雷装置。 The height difference of the step (11) was 100 μm or more.
The lightning arrester for a windmill according to claim 7 .
上記段差（１１）を受電部（７）よりも基端側に配置した
請求項３乃至８の何れかに記載の風車の避雷装置。 The power receiving unit (7) is arranged at the tip of the blade (6),
The lightning arrester for a windmill according to any one of claims 3 to 8, wherein the step (11) is disposed on the base end side with respect to the power reception unit (7).
請求項３乃至９の何れかに記載の風車の避雷装置。 The lightning arrester for a windmill according to any one of claims 3 to 9, wherein the step (11) is extended to a lightning receiving part (7) or the vicinity thereof.
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| JP2015024673A (en) * | 2013-07-24 | 2015-02-05 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Lightning surge discharge device for automobile |
| CN103452766B (en) * | 2013-09-04 | 2016-09-14 | 新疆工程学院 | A kind of wind energy conversion system of blade tip band V-type notching construction |
| EP3020964B8 (en) * | 2014-11-13 | 2019-06-19 | Siemens Gamesa Renewable Energy A/S | Guiding a lightning to a lightning receptor |
| JP6573923B2 (en) | 2017-02-10 | 2019-09-11 | エムエイチアイ ヴェスタス オフショア ウィンド エー／エス | Wind power generation facility and method of operating wind power generation facility |
| JP7566305B2 (en) * | 2020-09-02 | 2024-10-15 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | Lightning protection for wind turbine blades |
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| JP4695482B2 (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2011-06-08 | 株式会社荏原製作所 | Windmill blade lightning protection method and lightning protection device, wind power generation device lightning protection method and lightning protection device |
| JP5246506B2 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2013-07-24 | 株式会社 メカトロ技研 | Wind power generator rotor blade lightning damage prevention structure |
| KR101749773B1 (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2017-06-21 | 쓰리엠 이노베이티브 프로퍼티즈 컴파니 | Lightning protection sheet with patterned discriminator |
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