JP5774831B2 - How to build a ship - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a ship construction method capable of accurately and quickly adjusting the axis of a series of shafts from an engine crankshaft through an intermediate shaft to a propeller shaft.

  In general, a large ship is constructed by a combination of multiple processes, and the process cannot be omitted. For example, in the case of a cargo ship with a drainage of 50,000 tons or more, materials such as iron plates are cut or welded. A construction period of about 6 months is required between the stage of launch and launch. If the general example of the ship construction process is shown concretely, the following several processes will be performed continuously.

  As shown in FIG. 2, a block assembling step (a) for assembling individual hull blocks at the ground or an assembly factory, a step (b) for mounting the hull blocks on the stern, and a hull block on the stern. Welding and joining process (c), stern tube mounting process (d) on the stern block, shaft center view process (e), resin injection process (f), propeller shaft mounting process (g), and propeller mounting and mounting It comprises a step (h) and a launching step (j) via a rudder mounting step (i).

  The step (a) is a step of assembling a hull block having a structure in which a ship is divided into a plurality of parts on the ground or in an assembly factory, and this is constituted by a small assembly and a large assembly for further assembling this subassembled hull block. At this stage, fittings such as water pipes, air ducts, and electric pipes are attached to the hull block as necessary.

  The step (b) is a step of mounting and arranging a plurality of manufactured hull blocks (large blocks) at predetermined positions on the stern, and the next step (c) is a plurality of steps arranged on the stern. This is the process of assembling the hull by welding the blocks one after another. As shown in FIG. 4 at the stage when this step (c) is completed or in the middle of the process, the engine 1, the propeller shaft 2, the intermediate shaft 3, and the intermediate bearing 4 are carried into the stern block 10. The stern tube 5 is mounted in the next process).

  The step (d) is a step of inserting and mounting the stern tube 5 on the boss 12 provided on the stern aggregate 11 of the stern block 10. As will be described later, this step is a step of fixing the stern tube 5 to the boss 12 by filling the boss 12 with a curable resin (resin), and fixing the stern tube 5 to the boss 12 by filling and solidifying this resin. Compared to an assembly method in which the stern tube 5 is fixed to the boss 12 by welding and the inner diameter portion of the stern tube 5 is machined, the positioning process of the stern tube 5 is shortened. Moreover, it is known that the method is excellent in accuracy (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

  The next step (e) is formed through the center of the crankshaft 1a so that the center of the shaft extending from one end of the crankshaft 1a provided to the engine 1 to the propeller shaft 2 is linearly arranged. This is a step of adjusting the position of the center line from the formed hole to the target (T) attached to the “target plate 7” provided at the front end of the propeller shaft 2.

  Further, in the step (f), the stern tube 5 is inserted into the boss 12 provided on the stern aggregate 11 from the outside of the stern block 10 and is positioned by supporting it at the center of the boss 12 with a fixing bolt. In this step, the gap between the boss 12 and the stern tube 5 is filled with a curable resin such as an epoxy resin and solidified. The method of fixing the stern tube 5 to the stern using a resin is a new technique used recently to shorten the ship building process.

Special table 2003-500144 gazette JP-A-8-40389

  In order to build the ship S through the steps (a) to (i), the stern tube 5 and the “resin” for fixing the stern tube 5 to the boss 12 are employed. It is necessary to.

  In addition, since the center of the shaft extending from one end of the crankshaft 1a to the propeller shaft 2 must be seen in the axial center visibility step (e), the propeller shaft 2 is connected to the stern tube until this step (e) is completed. There is a restriction that it cannot be inserted into 5. For this reason, there exists a fault that the assembly around a stern part cannot be performed at an early stage, and there exists a subject that this must be solved.

  Further, in the conventional ship building process, since the propeller shaft 2 carried into the hull S needs to be inserted into the stern tube 5 from the hull S, the steps (a) to (i) are performed. It was necessary to accurately assemble and process in the order of a series of processes leading to.

  Therefore, as will be described later, the period of occupying the stern 20 for the construction of the hull S (about 3 months) could not be shortened, and as a result, the construction cost of the ship S could not be reduced. is there.

  The present invention is configured as follows to solve the above-described problems.

The invention according to claim 1 of the present application is a first assembling process for assembling individual hull blocks at an assembly factory, and a second hull constructed by welding and joining the hull blocks assembled in the first assembling work on a stern. In the ship construction method of building a ship by assembling work, the stern block assembled by the first assembling work is inserted into a boss part of the stern block and fixed with bolts before being mounted on the stern. if supported, the insert the propeller shaft to the stern tube, a glimpse of the rear end of the stern tube to the stern portion in this state, then, is projected to the propeller shaft from the stern tube, to fix the propeller in the projecting portion preliminary The second assembly operation is performed by assembling and transferring the pre-assembled stern block onto the stern.

  The present invention is characterized by performing “preliminary assembly” in which a stern tube, a propeller shaft and a propeller, which are important members of a ship, are incorporated in a “stern block” in a first assembly operation assembled in an assembly factory or a factory vacant area. is there.

  Accordingly, since the second assembly work, which is the work on the stern, can be reduced by about 20 to 35% because the assembly is performed in a place different from the stern in advance, the period during which the stool is occupied as a result. Can be shortened, the construction cost of the ship can be reduced, and the stern can be opened for the next ship.

In the first assembly operation, the propeller shaft which is assembled to the stern block uses the real axis in the hole, such have along the central portion. A solid propeller shaft has the advantage of using a shaft that is less expensive than a conventional hollow shaft because of fewer machining steps.

The invention according to claim 2 of the present application is a saddle- shaped structure comprising a front plate, a rear plate, and a connecting member for connecting them as an axial center line-up jig to be mounted on the front end portion of the propeller shaft. , and the one having a through hole which laser beam to the center of the front plate passes, have a target in the center of the rear plate, and a center line C1 of the propeller shaft, prior to the axis prospects jig The present invention is characterized in that an axial center line sighting jig configured such that a central axis C connecting a through-hole opened at the center of the plate and the center of the target formed at the center of the rear plate is arranged on a straight line is applied. Yes.

  Since the axis center line-of-sight jig can determine the inclination of the distance between two points very easily by a laser beam, the axis center line-of-sight process can be simplified.

As the axis prospects hand stage, but the laser beam is most suitable as the sense of the axis easily visible, it is also possible to use a transit such as those used in civil engineering work.

  As described above, it is most preferable to use a jig that allows laser light or visible light to pass through at the front end of the propeller shaft. However, for example, it is possible to look through the axis using a sighting device or scope that combines notches and protrusions, such as the sight of a rifle.

Using the solid shaft to propeller shaft, the axis prospects jig to the front end of the propeller shaft, or by applying the axial outlook means of the various, to see through the axis of the propeller shaft accurately Can contribute to simplification of the ship building process. Therefore, a new ship construction method can be provided by adopting this axial center line-of-sight process.

  In the first assembly process of assembling a block in an assembly factory or a vacant area of the factory, the present invention particularly includes mounting the stern tube 5 on the stern block 10, then mounting the propeller shaft 2a, further mounting the propeller 8, and this propeller. The propeller 8 can be press-fitted into the tip of the shaft 2a.

  As described above, the propeller 8 is press-fitted and fixed to the propeller shaft 2a, but the stern tube 5 is preliminarily assembled before the resin is injected into the boss 12 of the stern block 10 and fixed. Is being implemented.

  As described above, the assembly of the stern block 10 is performed “in parallel” with the assembly process of the other hull blocks, whereby the process of mounting the hull block on the stern 20 as the second assembly process and welding them together. It can be remarkably shortened, and the construction time of the ship corresponding to the shortened time can be shortened, and the construction cost of the ship can be reduced accordingly.

  Specifically, the assembly process of the hull can be shortened for about 1 to 2 weeks, and the time shortening effect of the present invention is remarkable. Also, when assembling the stern block, the stern tube can be mounted, the propeller shaft can be mounted, and the propeller can be mounted and attached to the propeller shaft. Compared with the construction process to be installed at the position, the stern part is assembled using an assembly factory or a wide vacant lot of the factory, so that the work can be performed safely and efficiently.

  In addition, in the conventional ship construction method, the hull block is mounted on the stern, these are welded and joined, the stern tube is mounted on the stern block, the axis center line-of-sight process is performed, and the stern tube is mounted. The propeller shaft could only be inserted into the stern tube after being fixed with resin. On the other hand, in the present invention, the propeller shaft can be inserted into the stern tube at the assembly stage of the stern block, and the propeller can be fixed as necessary.

  In order to perform the above-mentioned process smoothly, it is greatly contributed to perform the axis center line-of-sight process by attaching an axis center line-of-sight jig or other axis center line-of-sight means to the front end of the propeller shaft. In this way, the use of a jig that allows the center of the shaft to be used eliminates the need for a hollow propeller shaft as in the prior art, and even if a solid propeller shaft is used, the shaft center line-of-sight process can be performed accurately. This is a significant improvement over the prior art.

  Of course, it is possible to provide a new method for assembling the stern portion by using an axis sighting means instead of the axis sighting jig, for example, a method using a transit, a method using a rifle sight or scope, etc. It is.

It is a flowchart of the construction process of the ship which concerns on this invention. It is a flowchart of the construction process of the conventional ship contrasted with this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the axial center line-of-sight process from the engine which concerns on this invention to a propeller shaft. It is explanatory drawing of the conventional axial center line-of-sight process drawn corresponding to FIG. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the jig | tool for axial center outlook used by this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the axial center line-of-sight process using the jig | tool shown in FIG. FIG. 6A is a front view of the axial view tool.

  As shown in the flow diagram of FIG. 1, the ship construction method according to the present invention is a hull block extending from the bow portion to the stern portion in a state of crossing the hull S by a normal construction method at the stage of the block assembling step (a). Are assembled with plate materials and pipes at an assembly plant.

  The present invention is different from the conventional hull assembling method in that as much as possible assembling is performed in advance on the stern block 10 in the hull block assembling process as shown in FIGS. 3 and 6.

  That is, the stern tube 5 is inserted into the boss 12 on which the propeller shaft 2a of the stern block 10 is supported, and is temporarily supported by the fixing bolt. Then, a solid propeller shaft 2 a is inserted into the hole of the stern tube 5. Next, in this state, the stern tube 5 is allowed to look into the rear end of the stern tube 5, the propeller shaft 2 a projects from the center, and the propeller 8 is fitted and fixed to the projecting portion 2 b.

(Application of axis centering jig)
A flange 2c (connecting portion) is formed at the front end portion of the propeller shaft 2a (solid shaft). The flange 2c is used to fix the shaft centering observation jig 15 employed for the first time in the present invention.

  As shown in FIG. 5, the axial center line-looking jig 15 forms a bowl-shaped structure by connecting a front plate 15 a and a rear plate 15 b with a connecting member 15 c therebetween. A ring line 15e is formed on the surface of the front plate 15a, and a through hole 15d is opened at the center thereof. Further, a ring line 15g is formed on the surface of the rear plate 15b, and a target 15f (center ring line) is formed at the center thereof.

  A center line C connecting the through hole 15d opened at the center of the front plate 15a and the center of the target 15f formed at the center of the rear plate 15b so as to coincide with the center line C1 (FIG. 6) of the propeller shaft 2a. The jig 15 is accurately manufactured.

It should be noted that any other structure or method may be adopted as long as the jig 15 has a structure in which the center line of the jig 15 can be determined at two front and rear points. Moreover, the thing of the structure which can adjust the distance between the front board 15a and the rear board 15b as needed may be used.
The axial center line-of-sight jig 15 having the above-described structure can confirm the inclination of the stern tube 5 and the propeller shaft 2a by visually observing the position of the laser beam L. Therefore, even if the solid propeller shaft 2a is used (this propeller This eliminates the need to transmit the laser beam L to the center of the axis 2a), and is excellent in that the j-axis centering work for adjusting the center axis to a straight line can be easily performed.

  As shown in FIG. 6, if the jig 15 is configured so that the center line C of the jig 15 fixed to the front end of the propeller shaft 2a and the center line C1 of the propeller shaft 2a coincide, In the process, the laser beam L projected from the laser projector 6 is projected onto an axis line-of-sight jig 15 fixed to the tip of the crankshaft 1 a and propeller shaft 2 a of the engine 1, and the beam L is the target of the jig 15. By finely adjusting the inclination of the stern tube 5 so as to hit 15f, the shaft centers (center lines C, C1) of the stern tube 5 and the propeller shaft 2a can be adjusted linearly, so that the shaft center line-of-sight work can be easily performed. Can do.

(Contrast between the conventional ship building process and the present invention building process)
Comparing the conventional series of ship construction methods shown in FIG. 2 with the parallel assembly ship construction method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 1, before mounting the hull blocks 10 on the stern 20, particularly the stern blocks 10. The stern tube 5 is mounted (process K), the propeller shaft 2a is mounted (process L), and the propeller 8 is mounted and attached (process M). Since it can be performed "simultaneously or in parallel", the construction time of the ship can be reduced by about 10 to 15%, and the construction cost can be reduced accordingly.

(Reference in FIG. 1)
a: Hull block assembly process (first assembly operation)
K: Stern pipe mounting process on stern block L: Propeller shaft mounting process on stern block M: Propeller mounting process e: Shaft center see-through process f: Resin injection process on stern boss i: Rudder mounting process j: Launching process C: Center line of the axis-centering jig C1: Center line of the propeller shaft (reference numeral in FIG. 2)
a: hull block assembling process b: hull block mounting process on the stern c: hull block welding process d: stern tube mounting process e: shaft centering process f: resin injection process g: propeller shaft mounting process h: propeller Installation mounting process i: Rudder mounting process j: Launching process S: Hull 1: Engine 1a: Crankshaft 2, 2a: Propeller shaft 3: Intermediate shaft 4: Intermediate bearing 5: Stern tube 6: Laser projector 10: Stern block 15: Jig for axis 15a: Front plate 15b: Rear plate 15c: Connecting member 15d: Ring wire 15e: Through hole 15g: Ring wire 15f: Target

Claims (2)

Construction of a ship that constructs a ship by a first assembling process for assembling individual hull blocks at an assembly factory and a second assembling process for building a hull by welding and joining the hull blocks assembled in the first assembling work on a stern. in the method, the about stern block assembled in the first assembly operation, before mounting on building berth, the insert the stern tube temporarily supported by fixing bolts to the boss portion of the stern block, propeller shaft to the stern tube In this state, let the stern part look into the rear end of the stern tube, then project the propeller shaft from the stern tube and perform the pre-assembly to fix the propeller to this projecting part. A ship construction method, wherein the block is transferred onto a stern and a second assembly operation is performed. As a shaft centering jig to be mounted on the front end portion of the propeller shaft, it is a bowl- shaped structure comprising a front plate, a rear plate, and a connecting member for connecting the front plate, a laser beam at the center of the front plate. There while having a through hole that passes, have a target in the center of the rear plate, and a center line C1 of the propeller shaft, the axis and opening at the center of the front plate of sight jig through-holes and after 2. A ship construction method according to claim 1, wherein an axis centering-out jig configured such that a central axis C connecting the centers of targets formed at the center of the plate is arranged on a straight line is applied. .

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