JP5755188B2 - Imaging device and lens device - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a compound eye imaging device and a lens device.

  Patent Document 1 proposes a compound eye imaging device that captures images so that a short-focus lens and a long-focus lens having different angles of view include the same part of the subject. In this compound-eye imaging device, a zoomed-up image obtained from an image sensor corresponding to a long focus lens is fitted into a part of an image obtained from an image sensor corresponding to a short focus lens. Patent Document 2 proposes an imaging apparatus in which a plurality of single-focus lens systems having different focal lengths are switched and used, and a light receiving unit moves on the optical axis of a lens system having a desired focal length during photographing. Patent Document 3 proposes a compound eye imaging device in which each individual eye is composed of a front group and a rear group, and the front group and the rear group are integrally molded.

JP 2005-303694 A JP 2001-330878 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2005-341301

  In the configurations of Patent Documents 1 and 3, when focusing is performed with a lens group configured by integral molding in a plurality of optical systems having different focal lengths, in-focus images with different angles of view cannot be acquired simultaneously. If the lens groups are not integrally molded, it will be possible to simultaneously acquire in-focus images with different angles of view by controlling the lens groups individually, but a drive mechanism should be provided for each lens group and controlled. Therefore, the compound-eye imaging device becomes large and the configuration becomes complicated. Since Patent Document 2 also has only one sensor for a plurality of optical systems, it is impossible to acquire in-focus images with different angles of view at the same time.

  The present invention provides an imaging apparatus and a lens apparatus having a plurality of optical systems with different focal lengths, which can simultaneously acquire in-focus images having different angles of view by a focus driving mechanism having a relatively simple configuration. For exemplary purposes.

The imaging apparatus of the present invention is an imaging apparatus having a plurality of imaging optical systems and at least one imaging element that photoelectrically converts an optical image formed by the plurality of imaging optical systems. The optical system includes imaging optical systems having different focal lengths, and each imaging optical system has a focus lens unit that moves during focusing and a fixed lens unit that does not move for focusing, The focus lens unit has a focus drive means for moving the same focus lens unit by the same movement amount.

  According to the present invention, a compound-eye imaging apparatus and a lens apparatus having a plurality of optical systems having different focal lengths, which can simultaneously acquire in-focus images having different angles of view by a focus driving mechanism having a relatively simple configuration. Can be provided.

It is a block diagram of the compound eye imaging device of the present invention. (Example 1) It is a perspective view of the imaging unit of the compound eye imaging device shown in FIG. (Examples 1 and 2) It is a front view of the imaging unit shown in FIG. (Example 1) It is an example of the picked-up image by each imaging optical system shown in FIG. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective view of a focus driving mechanism of the compound eye imaging apparatus shown in FIG. 1. (Example 1) 3 is a flowchart for explaining a photographing operation in the compound eye imaging apparatus shown in FIG. 1. (Example 1) 6 is a flowchart for explaining subject distance information recording operation in the compound eye imaging apparatus shown in FIG. 1. (Example 1) It is sectional drawing of the imaging unit of this invention. (Example 2) It is a front view of the imaging unit shown in FIG. (Example 2) FIG. 9 is a partial plan view of a focus drive mechanism of the imaging unit shown in FIG. 8. (Example 2) It is a lens sectional view of a wide single eye, a wide middle single eye, a telemid single eye, and a tele single eye of the compound eye optical system of the present invention. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 12 is a wide aberration diagram of Numerical Example 1 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 11. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 12 is an aberration diagram of the wide middle of Numerical Example 1 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 11. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 12 is an aberration diagram of the teleiddle of Numerical Example 1 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 11. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 12 is an aberration diagram for telephoto of Numerical Example 1 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 11. (Examples 1 and 2) It is a lens sectional view of a wide single eye, a wide middle single eye, a telemid single eye, and a tele single eye of the compound eye optical system of the present invention. (Examples 1 and 2) It is a wide aberration figure of Numerical Example 2 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 14 is an aberration diagram of the wide middle in Numerical Example 2 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system illustrated in FIG. 13. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 14 is an aberration diagram of the teleiddle of Numerical Example 2 corresponding to the compound eye optical system illustrated in FIG. 13. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 14 is an aberration diagram for telephoto of Numerical Example 2 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 13. (Examples 1 and 2) It is a lens sectional view of a wide single eye, a wide middle single eye, a telemid single eye, and a tele single eye of the compound eye optical system of the present invention. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 16 is a wide aberration diagram of Numerical Example 3 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 15. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 16 is an aberration diagram of the wide middle of Numerical Example 3 corresponding to the compound eye optical system illustrated in FIG. 15. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 16 is an aberration diagram of the teleiddle of Numerical Example 3 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system illustrated in FIG. 15. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 16 is a tele aberration diagram of Numerical Example 3 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 15. (Examples 1 and 2) It is a lens sectional view of a wide single eye of a compound eye optical system of the present invention, and a tele single eye. (Examples 1 and 2) FIG. 18 is an aberration diagram of wide and telephoto in Numerical Example 4 corresponding to the compound-eye optical system shown in FIG. 17. (Examples 1 and 2) It is explanatory drawing about the image plane movement by a to-be-photographed object distance fluctuation | variation. (Example 1) It is explanatory drawing about the image surface correction | amendment by focus group movement. (Example 1) It is a figure explaining the model of a general stereo imaging | photography system. (Example 1) It is explanatory drawing of the corresponding point extraction method in S36 of FIG. (Example 1)

  The imaging apparatus according to the present embodiment is an imaging apparatus that captures a plurality of images at a time by controlling a plurality of imaging optical systems and a plurality of imaging elements. In the present embodiment, zooming is realized by an image pickup device having a plurality of single focus optical systems having different focal lengths as an image pickup optical system and having an image pickup region corresponding to each optical system. A plurality of imaging elements may be provided, or the imaging area of one imaging element may be divided. Digital zoom means capable of obtaining the same effect as that obtained by performing pseudo zooming by trimming a part of the photographed image with respect to the image photographed by the imaging device and expanding the trimmed range to a predetermined size. Is known. Zoom lenses that realize a higher zoom ratio by combining digital zoom and optical zoom are also known.

  By applying this technique, the compound eye imaging device can be provided with an imaging optical system having different angles of view, and the same effect can be obtained as when pseudo zooming is performed by interpolating between different angles of view using digital zoom technology. it can.

  However, since the conventional digital zoom uses linear interpolation (bilinear method), the image in the digital zoom region may be deteriorated. Further, when the digital zoom magnification increases, the image quality (resolution) of the image decreases. In order to solve these problems, super-resolution techniques such as an ML (Maximum-Likelihood) method, a MAP (Maximum A Posterior) method, and a POCS (Projection On Convex Set) method have been proposed. Further, the IBP (Iterative Back Projection) method and the LR (Lucy-Richardson) method are also known as super-resolution techniques.

  In the LR method, the illuminance distribution in the original image and the illuminance distribution in the deteriorated image are normalized and regarded as a probability density function distribution. The point spread function (PSF), which is the transfer characteristic of the optical system, can be regarded as a probability density function distribution of conditional probability. Based on Bayesian statistics, the distribution of the original image is estimated by iterative calculation using maximum likelihood estimation using the distribution of the degraded image and the distribution of the PSF.

  Next, an image restoration method based on Bayesian statistics will be described. Hereinafter, a case of a monochrome one-dimensional image will be described for simplification of description. Here, the original image of the subject, the image captured by the imaging device, or an image obtained by electrically enlarging the image is deteriorated, and the image restoration method is used to restore the image close to the original image using the deteriorated image. This is called a resolution technique, and the restored image is called a high-resolution image.

  When a degraded image expressed by a one-dimensional vector is g (x) and an original image expressed by a one-dimensional vector for the degraded image is f (x), the two images satisfy the relationship of the following equation.

g (x) = h (x) * f (x) (1)
Here, h (x) is the PSF of the optical system.

  In Bayesian statistics, a (posterior) probability for the reverse process is constructed from a forward process in which an original image is converted into a degraded image using the Bayes formula, and the original image is estimated from the degraded image based on this probability. P (f (x)) is the probability density function of the event in which the original image f exists, P (g (x)) is the probability density function of the event in which the degraded image g occurs, and P (g (x) | f (x) ) Is the conditional probability density function () of the degraded image g when the original image f is given, the Bayes formula is as follows. P (f (x) | g (x)) is also called a posterior probability density function.

When the Bayes formula holds for f and g, it is considered that f and g are normalized, and a case where f and g can be treated as a probability density function is considered. Assuming that an event in which a point light source exists at a certain coordinate x ₁ of the original image is f (x ₁ ), and an event that an image is formed at a coordinate x ₂ having a deteriorated image is g (x ₂ ), the following equation is established.
P (f (x ₁ )) = f (x ₁ ) (3)
P (g (x ₂ )) = g (x ₂ ) (4)
P (g (x ₂ ) | f (x ₁ )) is expressed by the following equation using h which is the PSF of the optical system.
P (g (x ₂ ) | f (x ₁ )) = h (x ₂ −x ₁ ) (5)
That is, the distribution of the original image forms an image on the coordinate x ₂ with the degraded image may be from Equation (2) to (5), is estimated as follows.

  Further, the following equation is established from the definition of the peripheral probability.

That is, Equation (6) can be expressed as:

Here, if P (g (x ₂ )) = g (x ₂ ) is applied to both sides and integration is performed, the left side and the right side of Equation (8) are expressed by the following equation from the definition of the peripheral probability.

  The above relationship holds when f (x) is a true original image. That is, calculating f (x) corresponds to restoration of a deteriorated image.

By performing iterative calculation on the following equation with f (x) in Equation (9) as f _{k + 1} (x) and f (x) in Equation (10) as f _k (x), the convergence value of f _k , that is, the original image Can be obtained.

  By using a restoration method based on Bayesian statistics, if the transfer characteristics of the deteriorated image and the optical system are known, the unknown original image can be restored, and if the deteriorated image and the original image corresponding thereto are known, the optical The transfer characteristics of the system can be restored. An optical transfer function (OTF) may be used instead of PSF.

  On the other hand, the MAP method obtains f (x) that maximizes the posterior probability density shown below.

Assuming that Gaussian noise n is added to the degraded image, and h (x) given as the PSF of the optical system is an m × m convolution matrix C that acts linearly, the two images are also expressed as follows: be able to.

g (x) = C × f (x) + n (13)
The matrix C may include not only the PSF but also a deterioration factor caused by the imaging system.

As for f (x) that maximizes the posterior probability density in Expression (12), f (x) that minimizes the following evaluation function is obtained from the proportional expression of Expression (12).
T (f) = ‖g (x) −C × f (x) ‖ ² + αZ (f) (14)
Here, Z (f) is a constraint function including a constraint term from the smoothness of the image and additional conditions, and α is a weighting coefficient. A conventional steepest descent method or the like can be used to minimize the evaluation function. Calculation of f (x) that minimizes Equation (14) corresponds to restoration of a deteriorated image.

  In order to restore a deteriorated image from the mathematical expressions (11) and (14) and the evaluation function, it is necessary to set an initial estimated distribution f (x), and the initial estimated distribution is a deteriorated image having the same imaging magnification as the recovered image g. In general, (x) is used. In addition, the transfer characteristics of the optical system such as PSF or OTF and the constraint terms obtained from the additional conditions and the constraint conditions are important. The transfer characteristics of the optical system depend on parameters such as lens aberration, illumination wavelength, and image sensor aperture. It is generally difficult to rely on and accurately evaluate.

  When a Gaussian distribution is used as the PSF of the initial condition, it is rare that the PSF matches the Gaussian distribution in an actual imaging system, which causes an increase in estimation error. In addition, when estimating from a degraded image to a PSF, it is difficult to estimate an accurate PSF because a lot of information is lacking in the degraded image.

  Therefore, accuracy is improved by adding a new strong constraint condition to the super-resolution technique, for example, a high-resolution image having a different imaging magnification from the deteriorated image to be restored. As shown in FIG. 4, the images with different imaging magnifications are images 1110a and 1140a taken with different angles of view with respect to the same subject, so that detailed information in a partial region in the deteriorated image is obtained. Can be obtained.

  For example, the PSF in the central area of the degraded image where the main subject exists is accurately estimated based on the high-resolution image, and iterative calculation of Expression (11) enables more accurate restoration than in the conventional method. In addition, since details of the degraded image partial region are acquired in advance, high accuracy can be obtained by adding a correlation function using the correlation between the high-resolution image and the degraded image partial region as an evaluation value to the constraint function of Equation (14). Recovery is possible. In addition, since it is possible to restore with high accuracy by acquiring detailed information about as wide a range as possible in the degraded image, it is preferable to arrange a plurality of optical systems having different focal lengths in stages.

  Also, as a simple method, by inserting a telephoto image obtained by an image sensor corresponding to a telephoto lens into a part of the image obtained by digital zoom, some resolution is high, and other parts are low resolution, An image with an intermediate angle of view can be obtained.

  In other words, in order to realize a continuous zoom function in a compound-eye imaging device, it is important to have a configuration that can simultaneously capture a plurality of in-focus images with different angles of view. On the other hand, in the case of an out-of-focus image, the effect of the above method is greatly impaired, and a continuous zoom function that maintains high resolution cannot be realized.

  In a compound-eye imaging apparatus having a plurality of imaging optical systems having different focal lengths, when focusing images with different angles of view are to be acquired simultaneously, if a plurality of imaging optical systems are designed independently, a focus group at the time of focusing Since the movement amounts are different, a driving mechanism is required for each. For example, a drive motor is required for each, or even if the drive motor can be shared, components such as feed screws and gears having different pitches are required. As a result, the image pickup apparatus becomes large and the focus drive mechanism becomes complicated.

  In order to make the focus driving mechanism simple, in a plurality of imaging optical systems having different focal lengths, the amount of movement of the focus group during focusing needs to be the same. As one means for achieving this, it is necessary to hold the focus group (focus lens unit) on a common moving frame or the like, or to hold the focus group integrated by integral molding.

  With reference to FIGS. 19 and 22, regarding the paraxial arrangement of the optical system for this purpose, the distance from the object side focal point to the subject (obj) of the imaging optical system, which is the focal length f, is x, and the image side focal point to the image plane ( If the distance to img) is x ′, the following equation is established from Newton's equation.

  From the equation (15), the image plane movement amount Δx ′ when passing through the imaging optical system when the subject has moved by Δx is expressed by the following equation.

From Expression (16), the amount of movement of the image plane when a certain subject distance variation is proportional to the square of the focal length f of the imaging optical system. That is, if the focal length of the W (wide-angle) optical system shown in FIG. 19 is f _W and the focal length of the T (telephoto) optical system is f _T , each image plane movement amount Δx _W ′ in the case of subject distance variation Δx. , Δx _T ′ is given by the following equation, which is the square ratio of the respective focal lengths.

From Expression (17), as shown in FIG. 19, when the same subject is imaged using optical systems having different focal lengths, the image plane movement amount Δx _T ′ of the telephoto optical system is the image plane movement of the wide-angle optical system. The amount of movement is larger than the amount Δx _W ′ by a square ratio of the focal length.

A focusing method for forming a focused image on the sensor surface by moving the entire optical system in the direction of the optical axis in accordance with the subject distance is known as full extension. When the entire optical system is extended and focused, the optical system extension amount and the image plane variation amount have a one-to-one relationship. Therefore, the total extension amount of each optical system for forming an image on the sensor surface is Δx. _W ', _{Δx T'} the same as. That is, the telephoto optical system needs to be extended by a focal length square ratio larger than that of the wide-angle optical system. Therefore, it is difficult to drive the telephoto optical system integrally, so that a drive mechanism is required, and the focus drive mechanism is complicated.

Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20, a partial focus method is adopted in which a part of the optical system is moved during focusing. As a partial focusing method of the lens, there are known a front lens focus method in which the first lens group on the object side is moved, and an inner focus method and a rear focus method in which the lens groups after the second lens group are moved. Here, the position sensitivity ES with respect to the image plane position fluctuation due to the movement of the focus group F in the optical axis direction is the lateral magnification β _F of the focus group and the lateral magnification β _R of the image side group R arranged on the image side of the focus group F. Is expressed by the following equation.

ES = (1-β _F ² ) · β _R ² (18)
Like the rear-focusing type, when there is no lens group on the image side of the focusing group F denotes a lateral magnification beta _R becomes 1, the position sensitivity ES becomes ES = 1-beta _F ^2. Here, when the movement amount of the focus group F during focusing is ΔA, the image plane movement amount ΔA ′ accompanying the movement of the focus group is expressed by the following equation.

ΔA ′ = ΔA · ES (19)
In other words, in order to perform the partial focus method, the image plane movement amount Δx ′ due to the subject distance variation expressed by Equation (16) and the image plane movement amount ΔA ′ due to the focus group movement ΔA expressed by Equation (19) are equal. Good. After all, in an optical system having a focus group having a certain position sensitivity ES, in order to correct the image plane variation of the image plane movement amount Δx ′, it is only necessary to move the focus group by ΔA expressed by the following equation. .

The focal length of the W (wide angle) optical system shown in FIG. 20 is f _W , the focal length of the T (telephoto) optical system is f _T , the lateral magnification of the focus group of the W optical system is β _FW , and the lateral magnification of the image side group is β _RW , the lateral magnification of the focus group of the T optical system is β _FT , and the lateral magnification of the image side group is β _RT . Then, the position sensitivities ES _W and ES _T of the focus groups of the respective optical systems are expressed by the following equations.

ES _W = (1-β _FW ² ) · β _RW ² (21)
ES _T = (1−β _FT ² ) · β _RT ² (22)
The conditional expression for correcting the image plane with the same ΔA as the movement amount of each focus group for the respective image plane movement amounts Δx _W ′ and Δx _T ′ caused by the subject movement amount Δx shown in FIG. From (21) and (22), the following equation is obtained.

  From equation (17), equation (23) becomes:

  Expression (24) is a paraxial conditional expression that should be satisfied in order to make the movement amount of the focus group the same in optical systems having different focal lengths, and the optical system used in this embodiment satisfies Expression (24). Thus, the lateral magnification of the focus group F and the image side group R is set. Conditional expression (24) indicates that, in an optical system having different focal lengths, the focusing movement amount can be made the same when the square ratio of the focal lengths and the ratio of the focus group position sensitivity are substantially equal.

Note that the position sensitivity of the focus group does not have to completely satisfy Expression (24) as long as the focus deviation is within the allowable circle of confusion circle δ. For example, if the difference between the image plane movement amount Δx ′ and the image plane movement amount ΔA ′ due to the focus group is the amount of defocus, and the circle of confusion δ is about 1/500 to 1/1000 of the imaging surface (image circle), the defocus will occur. The amount may satisfy the following formula.
| Δx′−ΔA ′ | <(F value) × δ
Therefore, in an actual optical system, if the following conditional expression (25) is satisfied, the amount of defocus is within the focal depth of the optical system, and it is possible to simultaneously obtain a focused image with the same focus group movement amount. is there.

  In other words, in order to achieve both simultaneous acquisition of in-focus images with different angles of view and simplification of the focus drive mechanism, the respective focus groups of the optical systems having different focal lengths are held together, and the expression (25) is satisfied. Thus, it is important that the amount of movement during focusing is the same.

  FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the compound-eye imaging device 1 according to the first embodiment, FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the imaging unit 100 of the compound-eye imaging device 1, and FIG. 3 is a front view of the imaging unit 100.

  The compound eye imaging apparatus 1 includes an imaging unit 100, an A / D converter 10, an image processing unit 20, a system controller 30, an imaging control unit (imaging control means) 40, an information input unit 50, an image recording medium 60, a display unit 70, A distance information calculation unit 80 is included. The compound-eye imaging device 1 may be a lens-integrated imaging device, or may include a lens device having an imaging optical system (imaging optical system), and an imaging device main body having an imaging element on which the lens device is detachably mounted. May be.

  As shown in FIGS. 1-3, the imaging unit 100 includes eight imaging optical systems (imaging optical systems) 110a, b, 120a, b, 130a, b, 140a, b, each of which forms an optical image of an object. And a plurality of imaging elements respectively corresponding to one of the plurality of imaging optical systems. FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view including the optical axes of the imaging optical systems 110a and 140a of the imaging unit 100.

  Each imaging optical system includes a focus group unit (focus lens unit, front group unit) 105F and a rear group unit (fixed lens unit) 105R. As shown in FIG. 1, the focus group unit 105F is integrally held and driven by the holding unit 300 so as to move by the same amount when the subject position changes (in focusing). The rear group unit 105R is integrally held by the holding unit 310 and is fixed at the time of focusing, and includes other members such as a diaphragm (not shown) for each imaging optical system. As described above, the first embodiment uses a partial focus method in which a part of the optical system is moved integrally during focusing. The number of focus lenses of each imaging optical system mounted on the focus group unit 105F is one or more.

  The plurality of image sensors 210 a to 210 f are integrally held to constitute the image sensor unit 200. The imaging element 210a corresponds to the imaging optical system 110a, the imaging element 210b corresponds to the imaging optical system 120a, the imaging element 210c corresponds to the imaging optical system 110b, and the imaging element 210d corresponds to the imaging optical system 120b. To do. The imaging element 210e corresponds to the imaging optical system 140a, the imaging element 210f corresponds to the imaging optical system 130a, the imaging element 210g corresponds to the imaging optical system 140b, and the imaging element 210h corresponds to the imaging optical system 130b. To do.

  As shown in FIG. 3, the optical axes of the eight imaging optical systems 110a, 120a, 130a, 140a, 110b, 120b, 130b, and 140b are arranged so as to be substantially parallel. The two imaging optical systems a and b assigned the same reference numbers have the same focal length, and in this embodiment, four sets of imaging optical systems having different focal lengths are provided. The imaging optical systems 110a and 110b are a wide-angle imaging optical system pair having the shortest focal length among the eight imaging optical systems. The imaging optical systems 120a and 120b have a longer focal length than the imaging optical systems 110a and 110b. The imaging optical systems 130a and 130b have a longer focal length than the imaging optical systems 120a and 120b. The imaging optical systems 140a and 140b have a longer focal length than the imaging optical systems 130a and 130b.

  FIG. 4 shows captured images 1110a, 1120a, 1130a, 1140a corresponding to the imaging optical systems 110a, 120a, 130a, 140a. As shown in FIG. 4, the captured image 1110a corresponding to the imaging optical system 110a is the widest subject space, and the captured images 1120a, 1130a, and 1140a corresponding to 120a, 130a, and 140a are captured according to the focal length. The subject space is narrow.

  Referring back to FIG. 1, the imaging optical systems 110a and 140a constitute a compound eye, and the imaging elements 210a and 210e convert the optical images that have reached the imaging element surface via the imaging optical systems 110a and 140a, respectively, into electrical signals (analogues). Signal).

  The A / D converter 10 converts analog signals output from the image sensors 210 a to 210 f into digital signals and supplies them to the image processing unit 20.

  The image processing unit 20 performs predetermined pixel interpolation processing, color conversion processing, and the like on each image data from the A / D converter 10, and predetermined calculation processing is performed using each captured image data. . The result processed by the image processing unit 20 is transmitted to the system controller 30.

  The image processing unit 20 includes a super-resolution processing unit (super-resolution processing unit) 21, an image synthesis unit (image synthesis unit) 22, a blur addition unit 23, and a subject removal unit 24.

  The super-resolution processing unit 21 performs high-resolution processing of an image using a plurality of images to be described later.

  The image composition unit 22 generates a single composite image having image characteristics different from those of the plurality of images, and performs processing such as reducing the noise level and creating a high dynamic range image. The image characteristics are any one of an image dynamic range, resolution, blur amount, angle of view, and removal rate of a photographed subject.

  The blur adding unit 23 adds blur to an image based on distance information obtained by a distance information acquisition method described later.

  For example, the subject removing unit 24 obtains an image in which the background other than the main subject that is designated as unnecessary by the photographer is removed based on the distance information.

  The information input unit 50 detects information input by the user by selecting a desired shooting condition and supplies data to the system controller 30. The information input unit 50 includes an information acquisition unit 51. The information acquisition unit 51 acquires current shooting condition information (aperture value, focal length, exposure time, etc.) from the imaging control unit 40 and the system controller 30. The system controller 30 controls the imaging control unit 40 based on the supplied data, and the imaging control unit 40 has an imaging device corresponding to the amount of movement of the focus group 105F, the aperture value of each imaging optical system, and the exposure time. The necessary image is acquired by controlling.

  FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the focus drive mechanism of the image pickup unit 100. The holding unit 300 of the focus group unit 105F is rotationally restricted by a sleeve portion 403 fitted and held by a first guide bar 401 arranged parallel to the optical axis of each imaging optical system, and a second guide bar 402. The U-groove 404 is provided. The imaging unit 100 further includes an output shaft 405 that is rotated by an actuator such as a stepping motor (not shown), and a rack member 406 that meshes with the output shaft 405. Although the shape of the focus group unit 105F is different between FIGS. 2 and 5, these shapes are merely examples, and are actually the same shape.

  Accordingly, the holding unit 300 that holds the focus group unit 105F on which a part of the plurality of imaging optical systems is mounted integrally moves in the optical axis direction (the dotted line direction shown in FIG. 1) in accordance with the rotation of the output shaft 405. To do.

  Each focus group satisfies the conditional expression (25) in order to have the same amount of focusing movement in a plurality of imaging optical systems having different focal lengths. By photographing at the position of the focus group unit 105F controlled by the imaging control unit 40, a plurality of focused images having the same field angle as different subject space ranges (field angles) are acquired by one control.

  The image recording medium 60 stores a plurality of still images and moving images, and also stores a file header when an image file is configured. The display unit 70 displays an image, a state, an abnormality, and the like, and includes a liquid crystal display element.

  The distance information calculation unit (distance information calculation unit) 80 includes a reference image selection unit 81, a corresponding point extraction unit 82, and a parallax amount calculation unit 83. The reference image selection unit 81 selects a reference image from a plurality of parallax images formed by each imaging optical system, and the corresponding point extraction unit 82 extracts corresponding pixels in the parallax image. The parallax amount calculation unit 83 calculates the parallax amount of all the extracted corresponding points, and the distance information calculation unit 80 calculates subject distance information in the image from the calculated parallax amount.

  FIG. 6 is a flowchart for explaining a photographing operation for realizing a continuous zoom function in the compound-eye imaging apparatus 1, and “S” is an abbreviation for a step. The image restoration method shown in FIG. 6 can be implemented as a program that causes the system controller 30 configured as a microcomputer (processor) to execute the function of each step.

  First, when a photographing signal is input from the user, the system controller 30 first, the second image 1120a, the third image 1130a, and the fourth image that are telephoto images from a wide angle shown in FIG. The image 1140a is acquired simultaneously (S10). Since the optical system employed in this embodiment controls the position sensitivity ES of each focus group so as to satisfy Equation (25), the first to fourth images match the same subject. This is a photographed image from a wide angle to a telephoto, and has a sufficiently high resolution.

  Next, the system controller 30 cuts out and enlarges a desired angle of view input by the user via the information input unit 50 from the first image 1110a (S12). Since the enlarged image is enlarged using linear interpolation which is a conventional digital zoom technique, it becomes a deteriorated image.

  Next, the system controller 30 specifies the distribution g of the deteriorated image (S14), and specifies the same subject area as the second image (reference image) 1120a in the deteriorated image (S16). For specifying the same area of the subject, a block matching method described later may be used. For specifying the same subject area, the second image 1120a may be reduced to the same size as the deteriorated image, or the deteriorated image may be enlarged and compared.

  Next, the system controller 30 performs super-resolution processing. Here, the system controller 30 creates the evaluation function T (f) expressed by the mathematical formula (14) (S18). In this embodiment, a correlation function that decreases in value when the correlation between the deteriorated image and the same subject area of the second image 1120a is high is added to the term Z (f) in the evaluation function T (f). Therefore, it is possible to restore the image with higher accuracy than in the past. Further, the deteriorated image and the second image 1120a are obtained by photographing the same subject, and satisfying the relation of β1 <β2 when the imaging magnifications are β1 and β2, respectively. Since the reference image can acquire even a higher frequency component of the subject, the image can be accurately restored to the higher frequency component.

  Next, the system controller 30 calculates the distribution f with the smallest evaluation function using the steepest descent method or the like (S20), stores the image with the calculated distribution f as a restored image, and completes the processing. (S22).

  The display unit 70 may display an image that has undergone predetermined display processing on the image after image processing, or may display an image that has not been subjected to image processing or that has undergone simple correction processing. Good. In addition, regarding the display during shooting, the first image area may be displayed as it is, and after shooting, the user may specify a desired angle of view and start processing, or the desired angle of view may be set during shooting. It may be specified. Further, the correction amount is determined by how to set an allowable amount for implementation, and may be determined according to the purpose of the image quality level to be obtained and the processing load amount.

  By using the second image 1120a and the third image 1130a and the fourth image 1140a, which are further telephoto images, it is possible to realize continuous zoom for a higher magnification region. Further, in an imaging optical system having consecutive different angles of view, the angle of view of an arbitrary imaging optical system constituting a plurality of imaging optical systems is set to W, and then the image of the imaging optical system having the next narrowest angle of view. When the angle is Wn, it is preferable that the following conditional expression (26) is satisfied.

1.1 <W / Wn <3 (26)
If the lower limit of conditional expression (26) is not reached, a large number of image-forming optical systems are required to achieve a high zoom ratio of the imaging device, and the imaging device becomes large. If the upper limit of conditional expression (26) is exceeded, it will be difficult to restore the image with high precision even if super-resolution technology is used, and the image quality after zooming will deteriorate.

  The image pickup apparatus of the present embodiment can simultaneously acquire in-focus images having different angles of view by one-time image pickup control using imaging optical systems having a plurality of different focal lengths. It becomes possible. In addition, since a focus drive mechanism can be simplified by holding the focus group integrally without requiring a zoom drive device or the like, it is possible to contribute to a reduction in the thickness of the compound-eye imaging device.

  FIG. 7 is a flowchart for explaining the subject distance information recording operation of the compound-eye imaging apparatus 1 of the present embodiment, and “S” is an abbreviation for step. The method shown in FIG. 7 can be implemented as a program that causes the system controller 30 configured as a microcomputer (processor) to execute the function of each step. Here, an operation in the case of using a parallax image obtained by the wide-angle optical system pair 110a and 110b that captures the widest subject space will be described.

  First, when an imaging signal from a user is input, the system controller 30 transfers parallax images formed through the imaging optical system to the image processing unit 20 through the imaging elements 210 a to 210 g and the A / D converter 10. Then, predetermined calculation processing is performed to obtain image data (S30, S32).

  Next, the system controller 30 selects one of the parallax image data selected by the reference image selection unit 81 as a reference image for calculating the parallax amount (S34). In this embodiment, an image obtained by the imaging optical system 110a is selected as a reference image.

  Next, the system controller 30 uses the corresponding point extraction unit 82 as a reference image for the selected standard image and extracts corresponding pixels (S36). Here, the “corresponding pixel” is, for example, each pixel corresponding to the same subject A in the parallax image data obtained for the point image subject A in the photographing model shown in FIG.

  In the corresponding point extraction method, the system controller 30 uses image coordinates (X, Y), and the image coordinates (X, Y) are defined with the upper left corner of each pixel group in FIG. 22 as the origin, and the horizontal direction is the X axis. The vertical direction is the Y axis. Further, the luminance of the image coordinates (X, Y) of the standard image data 501 is F1 (X, Y), and the luminance of the reference image data 502 is F2 (X, Y).

  The (vertical line) pixel of the reference image data 502 corresponding to an arbitrary coordinate (X, Y) (vertical line pixel) in the standard image data 501 is the luminance F1 (X, Y) of the standard image data at the coordinate (X, Y). ) Can be obtained by searching for the luminance of the reference image data 502 most similar to.

  However, since it is difficult to find a pixel that is most similar to an arbitrary pixel, a pixel near the image coordinates (X, Y) is also used to search for a similar pixel by a technique called block matching. For example, in a block matching process with a block size of 3, a total of 3 pixels including a pixel at an arbitrary coordinate (X, Y) of the reference image data 501 and pixels before and after (X-1, Y), (X + 1, Y). Are F1 (X, Y), F1 (X-1, Y), and F1 (X + 1, Y). On the other hand, the luminance values of the pixels of the reference image data shifted from the coordinates (X, Y) by k in the X direction are F2 (X + k, Y), F2 (X + k-1, Y), F2 (X + k + 1, Y). It becomes.

  In this case, the similarity E with the pixel at the coordinates (X, Y) of the reference image data 501 is defined by the following equation.

  In Equation (27), the value of similarity E is calculated by sequentially changing the value of k, and the smallest similarity E is given (X + k, Y), but the corresponding point for the coordinates (X, Y) of the reference image data 501 It is. Here, for the sake of simplicity, a parallax image having a base line in the horizontal direction has been described, but it is possible to detect corresponding points in the vertical direction and the diagonal direction using the same principle.

  Next, the system controller 30 calculates the amount of parallax for each extracted corresponding point via the parallax amount calculation unit 83 (S38). As a calculation method, the pixel position difference with each pixel of the reference image data corresponding to each pixel of the standard image data obtained by the block matching method is calculated.

  Next, the system controller 30 sends the calculated parallax amount, the focal length of the imaging optical system, which is the imaging condition information from the information acquisition unit 51, and the imaging optical systems 110a and 110b via the distance information calculation unit 80. Distance information for the photographic subject is calculated from the baseline length data (S40).

  Here, the principle of subject distance calculation in the compound eye imaging apparatus 1 will be described. FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a model of a general stereo photographing system. The coordinates are set with the center of the left and right cameras as the origin, the x axis in the horizontal direction and the y axis in the depth direction, and the height direction is omitted for simplicity. It is assumed that the principal points of the imaging optical system of the left and right cameras are arranged at (−Wc, 0) and (Wc, 0), respectively, and the focal length of the imaging optical system of the left and right cameras is f. In this state, when the subject A on the y-axis (0, y1) is photographed by the respective cameras, the shift amount of the subject image A from the sensor center of the left and right cameras is taken as the parallax, and Plc and Prc are expressed by the following equations. be able to.

  By taking the same subject from different viewpoints based on the above principle, right and left parallax images having deviation amounts expressed by the equations (28) and (29) in the principal point position deviation (baseline) directions can be acquired. The distance y1 from the deviation amount to the subject A can be calculated by the following equation.

  Although the distance information calculation using the imaging optical systems 110a and 110b has been described here, the distance information can be obtained using another imaging optical system pair (for example, a pair of the optical systems 140a and 140b) based on the same principle. It can also be calculated. Further, when the above method is used for images with different angles of view, it is more desirable to extract a corresponding point by cutting out a portion corresponding to an image with a narrow angle of view from an image with a wide angle of view.

  As described above, by further providing an imaging optical system pair having the same focal length, distance information acquisition is compatible in a thin-eye imaging device that realizes a zooming process after photographing and a high zoom ratio and photographing. As an application of the distance information obtained by the above method, a 3D modeling creation mode of a subject can be realized. Further, the blur adding unit 23 adds a blur to the background based on the calculated subject distance information to obtain an image that emphasizes the main subject. Further, the subject removing unit 24 can obtain an image from which the background other than the main subject is removed based on the calculated subject distance information.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a compound eye imaging device that achieves simultaneous acquisition of in-focus images with different angles of view and simplification of the focus drive mechanism, thinness, high zoom ratio, and zooming processing after shooting. It becomes. In other words, the present embodiment develops an imaging apparatus such as a video camera or a digital camera into an imaging apparatus that can easily acquire spatial information about a subject space to be photographed while being thin and having a high zoom ratio. be able to.

  FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the imaging unit 101 used in the compound-eye imaging apparatus of Example 2, and FIG. 9 is a front view of the imaging unit 101. Since the configuration of the imaging apparatus other than the imaging unit 101 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 and the imaging procedure is also the same, the description thereof is omitted here.

  In the imaging unit 100 shown in FIG. 1, the holding unit 300 holds and integrates different focal length optical systems of the focus group unit 105F. On the other hand, in the imaging unit 101 of the present embodiment, the focus group unit 107F is integrated by integrally molding with the same material. As an integral molding method, an injection molding method or a glass molding method in which glass is put in a mold and pressed can be used.

  As described above, in the plurality of focus lens units, at least one focus lens adjacent in the direction perpendicular to the respective optical axes is integrally formed. By making each lens of adjacent focal length optical systems adjacent to each other the same material and forming them as a single component by integral molding, an effect of reducing man-hours in manufacturing and assembly can be obtained and cost can be reduced.

  As shown in FIG. 9, the imaging unit 101 also includes eight imaging optical systems 111a, b, 121a, b, 131a, b, 141a, b, and one of a plurality of imaging optical systems in this embodiment. And a plurality of imaging elements respectively corresponding to. In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 9, it is preferable to form a light shielding mask 108 by attaching a light shielding member to a cross line portion outside the effective diameter of each imaging optical system. The light shielding mask 108 can reduce unnecessary light other than the imaging light to the respective image sensors.

  FIG. 10 is a partial plan view of the focus driving mechanism of the imaging unit 101 according to the second embodiment. The cam ring 410 is provided with a cam groove 411 into which the cylindrical cam follower 412 of the holding portion 301 is fitted. An actuator such as a stepping motor (not shown) rotates the cam ring 410, and the cam follower 412 moves along the cam groove 411 in accordance with the rotation, so that the focus group unit 107F moves integrally in the optical axis direction without rotating. To do. The cam follower 412 is formed in the holding portion 301 at an interval of 120 degrees with respect to the center of gravity of the focus group unit 107F, thereby supporting the focus group unit 107F at three points, and tilting with respect to the optical axis and positional deviation in the optical axis direction. It is preventing. Further, the focus drive mechanism shown in FIG. 5 may be adopted.

  According to the present embodiment, it is possible to provide a compound eye imaging device that achieves simultaneous acquisition of in-focus images with different angles of view and simplification of the focus drive mechanism, thinness, high zoom ratio, and zooming processing after shooting. It becomes. In other words, the present embodiment develops an imaging apparatus such as a video camera or a digital camera into an imaging apparatus that can easily acquire spatial information about a subject space to be photographed while being thin and having a high zoom ratio. be able to.

Next, first to fourth compound-eye optical systems that can be employed in the compound-eye imaging apparatuses of Examples 1 and 2 will be described. The compound eye optical system of the present embodiment employs a partial focusing method in at least one imaging optical system, and satisfies conditional expression (25), so that the focusing movement amount is the same in imaging optical systems having different focal lengths. It is said. Specifically, the lateral magnifications β _F and β _R of the focus group F of each optical system and the image side group R positioned further on the image side, which affect the position sensitivity ES of the focus group, are appropriately set.

Further, as the calculation condition of the conditional expression here, the focal length and position sensitivity of the optical system having the largest focal length in each compound-eye optical system are substituted into f _T and ES _FT of the conditional expression (25). Further, the focal length and position sensitivity of the target imaging optical system are substituted into f _T and ES _FT of the conditional expression (25).

  By satisfying conditional expression (25) for each optical system under these calculation conditions, all the single-eye optical systems are focused on the same subject when the same focus group movement amount as that of the tele-eye having the shallowest depth of focus is obtained. It becomes possible.

  Further, in order to facilitate the integral holding, they are arranged so as to be in substantially the same position as the lenses constituting the other optical system adjacent to each optical axis in the vertical direction. In addition, each lens is made of the same material as that of the lens constituting the other optical system adjacent in the direction perpendicular to each optical axis so that integral molding is possible. In addition, the front lens position of each optical system is configured to be substantially the same so that the light flux of each optical system does not interfere with other optical systems. Further, the image plane (imaging region) position is configured to be substantially the same position so that the arrangement and adjustment of the image sensor are simplified. The surface shape of the lens constituting each optical system is different from the lens constituting the other optical system adjacent to each optical axis in the vertical direction. Even when the same material is used for different surface shapes, sufficient optical imaging performance can be achieved. Further, in order to realize a sufficiently high zoom ratio as an imaging device, the focal length ratio of the wide single eye and the tele single eye is configured to be 1.5 times or more.

  FIGS. 11A, 11 </ b> B, 11 </ b> C, and 11 </ b> D are lens cross-sectional views of a wide single eye, a wide middle single eye, a telemid single eye, and a tele single eye of the first compound eye optical system. In the first compound eye optical system, the focus group F moves to the object side and the image side group R is fixed (front lens focus type) during focusing from an infinitely distant subject to a short-distance subject.

  FIGS. 12A, 12 </ b> B, 12 </ b> C, and 12 </ b> D are aberration diagrams of wide, wide middle, telemiddle, and telephoto in Numerical Example 1 corresponding to the first compound eye optical system.

  FIGS. 13A, 13B, and 13D are lens cross-sectional views of the wide single eye, the wide middle single eye, the telemid single eye, and the tele single eye of the second compound eye optical system. In the second compound eye optical system, the focus group F moves to the image side and the image side group R is fixed (inner focus type) during focusing from an infinitely distant subject to a short-distance subject.

  FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D are aberration diagrams of wide, wide middle, telemiddle, and tele of Numerical Example 2 corresponding to the second compound eye optical system.

  FIGS. 15A, 15B, 15C, and 15D are lens cross-sectional views of the wide single eye, wide middle single eye, telemid single eye, and tele single eye of the third compound eye optical system. In the third compound eye optical system, the focus group F moves to the object side and the image side group R does not exist (rear focus type) during focusing from an infinitely distant subject to a short-distance subject.

  FIGS. 16A, 16 </ b> B, 16 </ b> C, and 16 </ b> D are aberration diagrams for wide, wide middle, telemiddle, and telephoto in Numerical Example 3 corresponding to the third compound eye optical system.

  17A and 17B are lens cross-sectional views of a wide single eye and a tele single eye of the fourth compound eye optical system. In the fourth compound eye optical system, the focus group F moves to the object side during focusing from an infinitely distant subject to a short-distance subject. In the wide single eye, the image side group Rha focusing is fixed, and in the tele single eye, the image side group R does not exist. In other words, as the focusing method, the front-lens focus type is used for the wide single eye, and the entire pay-out type is used for the tele single eye. In this way, it is possible to satisfy the conditional expression (25) if one is fully extended and the other is a partial focus method.

  18A and 18B are aberration diagrams of wide and telephoto in Numerical Example 4 corresponding to the fourth compound eye optical system.

  In each lens cross-sectional view, the left side is the subject side (object side) (front), and the right side is the image side (rear). F is a focus group, R is an image side group (rear group), SP is an aperture stop, and IP is an image plane. The image plane IP corresponds to an imaging plane of a solid-state imaging device (photoelectric conversion device) such as a CCD sensor or a CMOS sensor. When using a silver salt film, it corresponds to the film surface.

  In the aberration diagrams, d and g are the d-line and g-line, respectively, and ΔM and ΔS are the meridional image surface and the sagittal image surface. Lateral chromatic aberration is represented by the g-line. ω is a half angle of view, and Fno is an F number.

  In addition, the imaging units shown in the first and second embodiments are simply configured by the two lenses of the focus group F and the image side group R. However, the focus group is appropriately matched with the optical systems of the numerical examples 1 to 4. You may comprise a holding | maintenance part and a drive part.

  Hereinafter, specific numerical data of Numerical Examples 1 to 4 corresponding to the first to fourth compound eye optical systems will be shown. In each numerical example, i indicates the number of the surface counted from the object side. ri is the radius of curvature of the i-th optical surface (i-th surface). di is the axial distance between the i-th surface and the (i + 1) -th surface. ndi and νdi are the refractive index and Abbe number of the material of the i-th optical member with respect to the d-line, respectively. f is a focal length, Fno is an F number, and ω is a half angle of view. An interval d of 0 indicates that the front and back surfaces are joined.

  The aspherical shape is given by the following equation using R as the radius of curvature and aspherical coefficients K, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7, A8, A9, A10, A11, A12.

X = (H ² / R) / [1+ {1− (1 + K) (H / R) 2} ^1/2 ] + A3 · H ³ + A4 · H ⁴ + A5 · H ⁵ + A6 · H ⁶ + A7 · H ⁷ + A8 · ^{H 8 + A9 · H 9 +} A10 · H 10 + A11 · H 11 + A12 · H 12 ··· (26)
Note that “E ± XX” in each aspheric coefficient means “× 10 ± XX”.

Table 1 shows the relationship between the conditional expression (25) and the numerical examples. The focal length, F number, and angle of view represent values when focusing on an object at infinity. BF is a value obtained by converting the distance from the final lens surface to the image plane into air.
(Numerical example 1)
Wide eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 40.382 1.30 1.62041 60.3 5.88
2 * 2.411 2.67 4.00
3 * 6.203 1.40 1.59240 68.3 3.87
4 * -11.433 0.50 3.49
5 * -62.116 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.14
6 * 15.255 0.10 3.13
7 (Aperture) ∞ 0.10 3.14
8 * 6.018 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.20
9 * -12.756 3.48 3.11
10 * 9.928 1.80 1.59240 68.3 4.65
11 * -11.658 0.50 4.57
12 * -28.136 1.00 1.84666 23.8 4.44
13 * 8.934 5.01
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -8.61567e + 001 A 4 = -9.22230e-004 A 6 = 4.19663e-005
Second side
K = -9.30223e-001 A 4 = 7.19408e-003 A 6 = 6.36185e-004
Third side
K = 3.54414e + 000 A 4 = 2.81499e-003 A 6 = 2.34019e-004
4th page
K = -3.53906e + 000 A 4 = 1.43935e-003 A 6 = 1.07092e-004
5th page
K = 3.15676e + 000 A 4 = 1.79932e-003 A 6 = -9.65503e-004
6th page
K = 4.96423e + 001 A 4 = 1.09416e-003 A 6 = -7.97966e-004
8th page
K = -3.06847e + 000 A 4 = -1.51330e-004 A 6 = 3.84651e-004
9th page
K = 9.75797e + 000 A 4 = -3.28928e-004 A 6 = 5.50566e-004
10th page
K = -1.10481e + 001 A 4 = 2.90917e-004 A 6 = 5.26599e-004
11th page
K = 1.72650e + 001 A 4 = -4.08824e-003 A 6 = 9.11055e-004
12th page
K = -7.35482e + 001 A 4 = -1.54275e-002 A 6 = 3.85072e-004
Side 13
K = 7.43385e + 000 A 4 = -1.07701e-002 A 6 = 4.92519e-004

Various data focal length 5.20
F number 2.88
Angle of view 36.69
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 17.91
BF 3.06

Entrance pupil position 3.15
Exit pupil position -4.86
Front principal point position 4.94
Rear principal point position -2.14

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -4.19
2 3 6.99
3 5 -15.14
4 8 6.55
5 10 9.34
6 12 -7.91

Wide middle eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 6.194 1.30 1.62041 60.3 5.61
2 * 2.200 2.67 4.05
3 * 6.346 1.40 1.59240 68.3 3.96
4 * -26.449 0.50 3.86
5 * -41.518 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.76
6 * 14.348 0.10 3.77
7 (Aperture) ∞ 0.10 3.75
8 * 4.979 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.89
9 * -7.878 3.48 3.82
10 * -7.653 1.80 1.59240 68.3 4.02
11 * -7.611 0.50 4.64
12 * -12.407 1.00 1.84666 23.8 4.60
13 * 52.342 5.45
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -5.86699e + 000 A 4 = -8.96118e-004 A 6 = 1.23087e-006
Second side
K = -1.11462e + 000 A 4 = 5.18382e-003 A 6 = 7.47793e-004
Third side
K = 2.23083e + 000 A 4 = 2.29189e-003 A 6 = 9.11689e-005
4th page
K = 3.98608e + 001 A 4 = -1.07969e-003 A 6 = -1.03444e-004
5th page
K = -2.66134e + 001 A 4 = 2.91291e-004 A 6 = -5.80559e-004
6th page
K = 3.25993e + 001 A 4 = 1.05064e-003 A 6 = -3.89850e-004
8th page
K = -3.31035e + 000 A 4 = 9.36039e-004 A 6 = 4.48060e-005
9th page
K = 1.62170e + 000 A 4 = -1.30807e-004 A 6 = 1.97962e-004
10th page
K = -1.84308e + 001 A 4 = -9.71624e-003 A 6 = 5.68105e-004
11th page
K = -2.88780e + 001 A 4 = -1.01570e-002 A 6 = 1.38466e-004
12th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = -1.47730e-002 A 6 = -1.20913e-005
Side 13
K = -5.42659e + 001 A 4 = -8.67083e-003 A 6 = 3.90008e-004

Various data focal length 7.50
F number 2.88
Angle of View 27.32
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 17.91
BF 3.06

Entrance pupil position 4.05
Exit pupil position -4.94
Front principal point position 4.52
Rear principal point position -4.44

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -6.28
2 3 8.78
3 5 -13.16
4 8 4.95
5 10 138.07
6 12 -11.76

Telemiddle eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * -14.915 1.30 1.62041 60.3 6.70
2 * 69.090 2.67 6.19
3 * 5.672 1.40 1.59240 68.3 5.30
4 * -7.487 0.50 5.08
5 * -9.447 0.80 1.80518 25.4 4.14
6 * -22.100 0.10 3.74
7 (Aperture) ∞ 0.10 3.67
8 * 3.929 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.60
9 * 2.484 3.48 3.41
10 * 6.037 1.80 1.59240 68.3 6.30
11 * 21.097 0.50 6.25
12 * 13.374 1.00 1.84666 23.8 6.25
13 * 6.940 5.99
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = 3.23218e + 000 A 4 = -3.05400e-004 A 6 = 4.53521e-005
Second side
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 1.59130e-004 A 6 = 5.15981e-005
Third side
K = -1.64767e + 000 A 4 = 2.27739e-003 A 6 = -6.09668e-006
4th page
K = -7.51140e + 000 A 4 = 2.83658e-004 A 6 = 7.41960e-005
5th page
K = 8.77500e + 000 A 4 = 1.90647e-004 A 6 = 7.09546e-004
6th page
K = 7.06211e + 000 A 4 = -1.29880e-003 A 6 = 6.54962e-004
8th page
K = -7.69118e-001 A 4 = -1.53255e-003 A 6 = -1.23634e-004
9th page
K = -9.82229e-001 A 4 = 2.51720e-004 A 6 = -1.95089e-004
10th page
K = -4.39310e + 000 A 4 = 2.05043e-003 A 6 = -1.72957e-005
11th page
K = 3.04604e + 001 A 4 = 9.28199e-004 A 6 = -1.81115e-004
12th page
K = 5.49088e + 000 A 4 = -1.18023e-003 A 6 = 3.43330e-005
Side 13
K = 2.34608e + 000 A 4 = -3.33103e-003 A 6 = 1.61864e-004

Various data focal length 10.50
F number 2.88
Angle of view 20.26
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 17.91
BF 3.06

Entrance pupil position 4.64
Exit pupil position -5.12
Front principal point position 1.66
Rear principal point position -7.44

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -19.66
2 3 5.67
3 5 -21.09
4 8 -15.62
5 10 13.67
6 12 -18.35

Tele eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 36.807 1.30 1.62041 60.3 7.62
2 * -41.677 2.67 7.15
3 * 8.270 1.40 1.59240 68.3 5.38
4 * -7.910 0.50 4.98
5 * -9.885 0.80 1.80518 25.4 4.08
6 * -54.358 0.10 3.71
7 (Aperture) ∞ 0.10 3.66
8 * 5.124 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.45
9 * 2.412 3.48 3.17
10 * 10.272 1.80 1.59240 68.3 6.40
11 * 16.743 0.50 6.42
12 * 9.281 1.00 1.84666 23.8 6.58
13 * 10.176 6.54
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 3.25623e-005 A 6 = 1.37046e-005
Second side
K = 6.54916e + 001 A 4 = 9.61894e-004 A 6 = 1.97095e-005
Third side
K = -5.20341e-001 A 4 = 2.82359e-003 A 6 = 1.62204e-005
4th page
K = -1.07451e + 001 A 4 = 1.35610e-003 A 6 = -1.75272e-005
5th page
K = 9.36306e + 000 A 4 = 3.65867e-003 A 6 = 3.57432e-004
6th page
K = -1.69149e + 001 A 4 = 1.12483e-003 A 6 = 6.25155e-004
8th page
K = -6.38373e-001 A 4 = -3.54965e-003 A 6 = 1.25622e-006
9th page
K = -9.28207e-001 A 4 = -1.83232e-003 A 6 = -1.58220e-004
10th page
K = 6.03894e-001 A 4 = 1.13103e-003 A 6 = 4.35985e-005
11th page
K = -8.36796e + 000 A 4 = 9.48431e-004 A 6 = -5.05453e-005
12th page
K = -2.24043e + 000 A 4 = -9.07528e-004 A 6 = 9.61281e-007
Side 13
K = 6.10242e + 000 A 4 = -2.60010e-003 A 6 = 1.92825e-005

Various data focal length 15.00
F number 2.88
Angle of view 14.48
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 17.91
BF 3.06

Entrance pupil position 6.90
Exit pupil position -6.27
Front principal point position -2.20
Rear principal point position -11.94

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 31.71
2 3 7.05
3 5 -15.13
4 8 -8.61
5 10 40.66
6 12 82.43

(Numerical example 2)
Wide eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * -42.834 1.30 1.72916 54.7 5.77
2 * 3.863 1.95 4.01
3 * 10.061 1.40 1.59240 68.3 3.55
4 * -254.805 0.97 3.15
5 (Aperture) ∞ 0.20 3.07
6 * 60.619 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.13
7 * 15.022 0.20 3.34
8 * 12.585 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.68
9 * -6.869 1.35 4.07
10 * 6.405 1.80 1.59240 68.3 5.04
11 * -9.227 1.28 5.17
12 * 42.308 1.00 1.84666 23.8 4.47
13 * 4.861 4.27
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 1.68209e-003 A 6 = 2.18378e-005
Second side
K = 1.56201e + 000 A 4 = 2.31919e-004 A 6 = 2.49857e-005
Third side
K = 1.56344e + 001 A 4 = -2.30989e-003 A 6 = -3.90307e-004
4th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 8.76797e-004 A 6 = -3.09096e-004
6th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 7.22417e-004 A 6 = 1.69814e-004
7th page
K = -5.28938e + 001 A 4 = 3.20245e-003 A 6 = 2.63310e-004
8th page
K = -3.31531e + 001 A 4 = 3.32480e-003 A 6 = -1.76152e-005
9th page
K = -1.14135e + 000 A 4 = -8.15775e-004 A 6 = 3.19305e-006
10th page
K = -8.67401e + 000 A 4 = 2.26418e-003 A 6 = -3.63267e-004
11th page
K = 2.68548e + 000 A 4 = -2.16758e-003 A 6 = -4.66522e-005
12th page
K = 9.00000e + 001 A 4 = -8.67976e-003 A 6 = 6.91067e-004
Side 13
K = -5.35623e + 000 A 4 = 9.73749e-004 A 6 = 7.24657e-004

Various data focal length 5.20
F number 2.88
Angle of view 36.69
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 4.55

Entrance pupil position 2.89
Exit pupil position -4.03
Front principal point position 4.94
Rear principal point position -0.65

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -4.80
2 3 16.37
3 6 -25.00
4 8 7.11
5 10 6.67
6 12 -6.57

Wide middle eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 7.207 1.30 1.72916 54.7 5.93
2 * 4.000 1.95 4.48
3 * 7.876 1.40 1.59240 68.3 3.66
4 * 4.755 0.97 3.02
5 (Aperture) ∞ 0.20 3.10
6 * 11.962 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.19
7 * 5.782 0.20 3.60
8 * 7.462 1.20 1.64000 60.1 4.06
9 * -5.083 1.35 4.34
10 * 4.011 1.80 1.59240 68.3 5.60
11 * 7.357 1.28 5.12
12 * 12.505 1.00 1.84666 23.8 5.07
13 * 5.927 4.87
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -4.55173e + 000 A 4 = 1.04524e-003 A 6 = 5.22673e-005
Second side
K = 1.07655e + 000 A 4 = -2.68944e-003 A 6 = 1.76360e-004
Third side
K = -5.98889e + 000 A 4 = -7.72514e-003 A 6 = 4.93606e-004
4th page
K = -6.75596e + 000 A 4 = -4.98007e-003 A 6 = 5.07961e-004
6th page
K = -7.89069e + 001 A 4 = -2.69850e-003 A 6 = 3.52609e-004
7th page
K = -2.27576e + 001 A 4 = 1.42455e-003 A 6 = -1.01831e-005
8th page
K = -3.33768e + 001 A 4 = 4.50455e-003 A 6 = -2.18686e-004
9th page
K = -2.68795e-002 A 4 = -2.95824e-004 A 6 = 1.05748e-004
10th page
K = -2.20833e + 000 A 4 = 3.37019e-003 A 6 = 3.11853e-005
11th page
K = 1.71227e + 000 A 4 = -4.49146e-005 A 6 = 1.17908e-004
12th page
K = 5.70869e-001 A 4 = -3.54385e-003 A 6 = 2.46582e-004
Side 13
K = -1.78719e + 000 A 4 = -7.83362e-004 A 6 = 3.59345e-004

Various data focal length 7.50
F number 2.88
Angle of View 27.32
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 4.55

Entrance pupil position 4.41
Exit pupil position -4.23
Front principal point position 5.51
Rear principal point position -2.95

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -14.87
2 3 -24.32
3 6 -14.75
4 8 4.91
5 10 12.41
6 12 -14.31

Telemiddle eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * -15.000 1.30 1.72916 54.7 5.68
2 * 17.960 1.95 5.41
3 * 6.796 1.40 1.59240 68.3 5.21
4 * -7.146 0.97 5.03
5 (Aperture) ∞ 0.20 4.07
6 * -14.236 0.80 1.80518 25.4 4.05
7 * -98.169 0.20 4.23
8 * 5.334 1.20 1.64000 60.1 4.68
9 * 4.199 1.35 4.28
10 * 5.372 1.80 1.59240 68.3 5.33
11 * 9.899 1.28 5.01
12 * 5.128 1.00 1.84666 23.8 5.36
13 * 3.875 5.42
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = 8.00699e + 000 A 4 = -1.47327e-003 A 6 = 7.30169e-005
Second side
K = -3.65224e + 001 A 4 = -5.44314e-004 A 6 = 5.29084e-005
Third side
K = -3.27830e + 000 A 4 = 9.82143e-004 A 6 = 1.93818e-005
4th page
K = -1.26439e + 000 A 4 = 1.25692e-003 A 6 = -7.42342e-006
6th page
K = -5.37243e + 000 A 4 = 1.00930e-003 A 6 = 8.59265e-005
7th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 2.44487e-003 A 6 = 1.02366e-004
8th page
K = -5.01056e + 000 A 4 = 8.62296e-003 A 6 = 6.49491e-005
9th page
K = 6.14970e-001 A 4 = 2.64291e-003 A 6 = 4.35217e-004
10th page
K = 7.18277e-001 A 4 = 3.35315e-003 A 6 = -1.54486e-004
11th page
K = 1.51189e + 000 A 4 = 5.61145e-003 A 6 = -1.70734e-004
12th page
K = 9.04194e-001 A 4 = -6.62979e-003 A 6 = -1.55750e-004
Side 13
K = -6.57254e-003 A 4 = -9.21593e-003 A 6 = 2.82444e-005

Various data focal length 10.50
F number 2.88
Angle of view 20.26
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 4.55

Entrance pupil position 3.62
Exit pupil position -4.01
Front principal point position 1.25
Rear principal point position -5.95

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -11.03
2 3 6.11
3 6 -20.77
4 8 -52.55
5 10 17.27
6 12 -29.54

Tele eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 33.245 1.30 1.72916 54.7 6.83
2 * 144.445 1.95 6.48
3 * 12.849 1.40 1.59240 68.3 5.67
4 * -9.797 0.97 5.38
5 (Aperture) ∞ 0.20 4.27
6 * -13.239 0.80 1.80518 25.4 4.27
7 * 60.932 0.20 4.27
8 * 5.788 1.20 1.64000 60.1 4.52
9 * 4.534 1.35 4.21
10 * 5.805 1.80 1.59240 68.3 5.00
11 * 4.659 1.28 5.17
12 * 5.752 1.00 1.84666 23.8 6.01
13 * 6.534 5.99
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -8.19456e + 001 A 4 = -5.31853e-004 A 6 = -7.42778e-006
Second side
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 9.14133e-005 A 6 = 1.43749e-005
Third side
K = -1.08476e + 001 A 4 = 1.16459e-003 A 6 = -1.83197e-005
4th page
K = 9.72251e-001 A 4 = 1.35326e-004 A 6 = 7.81170e-006
6th page
K = -6.39115e + 001 A 4 = 2.15637e-003 A 6 = 1.05300e-005
7th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 4.80467e-003 A 6 = 7.24665e-005
8th page
K = -1.02518e + 001 A 4 = 6.60769e-003 A 6 = 1.61089e-004
9th page
K = 1.25753e + 000 A 4 = -2.95145e-005 A 6 = 3.76702e-004
10th page
K = -1.25455e + 000 A 4 = -1.16553e-003 A 6 = 2.81324e-005
11th page
K = -4.99122e + 000 A 4 = 1.63656e-003 A 6 = -1.60913e-004
12th page
K = -5.81002e-001 A 4 = -3.88415e-003 A 6 = 1.65437e-004
Side 13
K = 1.22656e + 000 A 4 = -4.86561e-003 A 6 = 1.16617e-004

Various data focal length 15.00
F number 2.88
Angle of view 14.48
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 4.55

Entrance pupil position 5.25
Exit pupil position -4.71
Front principal point position -4.04
Rear principal point position -10.45

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 58.93
2 3 9.60
3 6 -13.44
4 8 -52.19
5 10 -95.85
6 12 35.77

(Numerical Example 3)
Wide eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * -278.039 1.15 1.69680 55.5 7.35
2 * 6.000 2.75 5.56
3 * -13.838 1.55 1.59240 68.3 4.28
4 * -4.335 0.50 4.19
5 * 5.392 0.80 1.80518 25.4 2.95
6 * 3.393 0.43 2.55
7 (Aperture) ∞ 1.56 2.59
8 * -20.462 1.20 1.64000 60.1 4.26
9 * -3.385 0.59 4.61
10 * 11.995 1.65 1.59240 68.3 5.01
11 * -11.271 1.37 5.25
12 * -9.279 1.00 1.84666 23.8 4.65
13 * 9.946 4.76
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -1.51839e + 001 A 4 = 6.01752e-004 A 6 = 2.86999e-005
Second side
K = 1.96510e + 000 A 4 = -3.86322e-004 A 6 = -1.66133e-005
Third side
K = 2.27610e + 001 A 4 = -8.92074e-004 A 6 = -6.83728e-004
4th page
K = -7.29708e + 000 A 4 = -6.23057e-003 A 6 = -1.69117e-004
5th page
K = -9.67598e-001 A 4 = -7.68250e-003 A 6 = -2.57460e-004
6th page
K = -4.96656e + 000 A 4 = 7.15623e-004 A 6 = 8.72707e-006
8th page
K = -6.04476e-001 A 4 = -1.54465e-003 A 6 = 2.57992e-004
9th page
K = -1.00603e + 000 A 4 = -2.23851e-003 A 6 = -9.07492e-005
10th page
K = -3.55816e + 001 A 4 = 7.39878e-005 A 6 = -4.05799e-004
11th page
K = 3.15494e + 000 A 4 = -5.45664e-003 A 6 = 4.27810e-005
12th page
K = -1.09737e + 001 A 4 = -4.17651e-003 A 6 = 3.03530e-004
Side 13
K = -1.89271e + 001 A 4 = 3.28962e-003 A 6 = 1.01426e-004
Various data

Focal length 5.20
F number 2.88
Angle of view 36.69
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 3.45

Entrance pupil position 3.90
Exit pupil position -4.05
Front principal point position 5.49
Rear principal point position -1.75

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -8.41
2 3 10.05
3 5 -13.83
4 8 6.17
5 10 10.07
6 12 -5.54

Wide middle eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 246.153 1.15 1.69680 55.5 5.74
2 * 6.000 2.75 4.83
3 * 27.183 1.55 1.59240 68.3 4.40
4 * -4.038 0.50 4.17
5 * 5.849 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.40
6 * 3.626 0.43 3.20
7 (Aperture) ∞ 1.56 3.18
8 * -30.741 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.90
9 * -6.722 0.59 4.13
10 * 5.066 1.65 1.59240 68.3 4.77
11 * 6.280 1.37 4.45
12 * 18.583 1.00 1.84666 23.8 4.57
13 * 6.571 (variable) 4.88
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = 9.00000e + 001 A 4 = -8.39451e-004 A 6 = 2.35285e-005
Second side
K = -5.34082e + 000 A 4 = 4.03329e-003 A 6 = -1.66191e-005
Third side
K = 6.33715e + 001 A 4 = 2.67153e-003 A 6 = -1.61664e-004
4th page
K = -5.22262e + 000 A 4 = -1.37728e-003 A 6 = 2.77794e-005
5th page
K = -2.62749e + 000 A 4 = -9.55365e-003 A 6 = 2.40785e-004
6th page
K = -5.84224e + 000 A 4 = -6.94200e-003 A 6 = 1.86444e-004
8th page
K = 9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 8.35122e-003 A 6 = 1.58826e-004
9th page
K = -1.03311e + 001 A 4 = 3.42515e-003 A 6 = 6.46597e-004
10th page
K = -3.10477e + 000 A 4 = 3.57728e-003 A 6 = 1.57487e-004
11th page
K = -3.74031e + 000 A 4 = -8.18470e-004 A 6 = 4.37137e-004
12th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = -7.97372e-003 A 6 = 3.60044e-004
Side 13
K = -1.19739e + 001 A 4 = -3.83591e-003 A 6 = 4.12780e-004

Various data

Focal length 7.50
F number 2.88
Angle of View 27.32
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 3.45

Entrance pupil position 4.17
Exit pupil position -3.91
Front principal point position 4.03
Rear principal point position -4.05

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -8.84
2 3 6.05
3 5 -14.11
4 8 13.19
5 10 29.38
6 12 -12.48

Telemiddle eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 42.658 1.15 1.69680 55.5 6.75
2 * 8.092 2.75 6.22
3 * 3.713 1.55 1.59240 68.3 5.17
4 * -32.881 0.50 4.75
5 * 5.257 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.65
6 * 3.116 0.43 3.12
7 (Aperture) ∞ 1.56 3.11
8 * -5.288 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.84
9 * -4.931 0.59 4.56
10 * 5.092 1.65 1.59240 68.3 5.88
11 * 5.827 1.37 5.27
12 * 11.995 1.00 1.84666 23.8 5.52
13 * 7.874 5.71
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -2.66383e + 001 A 4 = -2.18872e-003 A 6 = 6.31429e-005
Second side
K = 2.08397e + 000 A 4 = -3.26063e-003 A 6 = 2.84905e-005
Third side
K = 1.10583e-001 A 4 = 2.75665e-004 A 6 = -1.47214e-005
4th page
K = -6.74747e + 001 A 4 = 3.16266e-003 A 6 = -8.64586e-005
5th page
K = -1.66566e + 000 A 4 = -3.71526e-003 A 6 = 1.34066e-004
6th page
K = 5.41702e-001 A 4 = -9.62595e-003 A 6 = 1.70734e-004
8th page
K = 3.16668e + 000 A 4 = 4.62242e-003 A 6 = 1.81580e-004
9th page
K = 1.69035e + 000 A 4 = 5.27071e-003 A 6 = 1.69765e-004
10th page
K = 1.13673e + 000 A 4 = 3.22950e-006 A 6 = 2.93792e-005
11th page
K = 2.99335e + 000 A 4 = -2.40678e-003 A 6 = 7.59485e-005
12th page
K = -9.39873e + 000 A 4 = -2.70967e-003 A 6 = 5.48169e-005
Side 13
K = -8.61644e + 000 A 4 = -1.90799e-003 A 6 = 9.68595e-005

Various data

Focal length 10.50
F number 2.88
Angle of view 20.26
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 3.45

Entrance pupil position 5.41
Exit pupil position -4.58
Front principal point position 2.18
Rear principal point position -7.05

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -14.53
2 3 5.72
3 5 -11.40
4 8 49.39
5 10 37.12
6 12 -30.46

Tele eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 8.009 1.15 1.69680 55.5 7.69
2 * 7.508 2.75 7.04
3 * 3.702 1.55 1.59240 68.3 5.20
4 * 88.710 0.50 4.61
5 * 7.031 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.83
6 * 3.311 0.43 3.16
7 (Aperture) ∞ 1.56 3.15
8 * -9.083 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.62
9 * 25.053 0.59 4.35
10 * 7.503 1.65 1.59240 68.3 5.50
11 * 15.709 1.37 5.83
12 * 5.989 1.00 1.84666 23.8 6.90
13 * 7.775 6.75
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = 5.90804e-001 A 4 = -3.95356e-004 A 6 = -1.87359e-005
Second side
K = 9.02179e-001 A 4 = -6.68247e-004 A 6 = -4.35238e-005
Third side
K = 7.86019e-002 A 4 = 1.00348e-004 A 6 = 5.36889e-006
4th page
K = 9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 2.36995e-003 A 6 = -5.00552e-005
5th page
K = -5.90637e + 000 A 4 = -5.74098e-004 A 6 = 1.24577e-004
6th page
K = 7.11639e-001 A 4 = -6.13172e-003 A 6 = 2.01076e-004
8th page
K = 9.12926e + 000 A 4 = 5.29083e-003 A 6 = -8.33091e-004
9th page
K = 9.00002e + 001 A 4 = 6.28003e-003 A 6 = -7.33225e-004
10th page
K = 1.72371e + 000 A 4 = -2.97948e-004 A 6 = -2.54947e-006
11th page
K = -6.66245e + 001 A 4 = -1.60347e-003 A 6 = 1.06542e-004
12th page
K = -3.71090e + 000 A 4 = -1.38172e-003 A 6 = 1.02692e-004
Side 13
K = 1.93714e + 000 A 4 = -3.41454e-003 A 6 = 1.05240e-004

Various data

Focal length 15.00
F number 2.88
Angle of view 14.48
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 18.00
BF 3.45

Entrance pupil position 8.15
Exit pupil position -6.16
Front principal point position -0.26
Rear principal point position -11.55

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -2975.24
2 3 6.48
3 5 -8.60
4 8 -10.28
5 10 22.56
6 12 24.50

(Numerical example 4)
Wide eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 9.963 1.30 1.62041 60.3 6.14
2 * 2.063 3.16 4.23
3 * 5.403 1.40 1.59240 68.3 4.07
4 * -11.150 0.60 3.69
5 * -43.751 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.07
6 * 15.608 0.10 3.02
7 (Aperture) ∞ 0.10 3.03
8 * 4.764 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.07
9 * -66.999 2.94 3.02
10 * 14.404 1.80 1.59240 68.3 4.48
11 * -9.500 0.50 4.37
12 * -17.138 1.00 1.84666 23.8 4.29
13 * 11.853 5.09
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -2.47869e + 001 A 4 = -2.02166e-003 A 6 = 5.43003e-005
Second side
K = -1.79551e + 000 A 4 = 1.25374e-002 A 6 = -4.89811e-005
Third side
K = 2.24981e + 000 A 4 = 2.67772e-003 A 6 = 1.71832e-004
4th page
K = -2.15785e + 001 A 4 = 1.38585e-003 A 6 = -4.29296e-005
5th page
K = -7.77189e + 000 A 4 = 2.90232e-003 A 6 = -1.23226e-003
6th page
K = 5.52064e + 001 A 4 = 2.30902e-003 A 6 = -9.38603e-004
8th page
K = 6.43691e-001 A 4 = 1.22013e-003 A 6 = 3.62473e-004
9th page
K = -6.95418e + 001 A 4 = 3.79577e-003 A 6 = 8.00925e-004
10th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 5.32715e-003 A 6 = 4.14940e-004
11th page
K = 1.36769e + 001 A 4 = -2.97992e-003 A 6 = 1.43850e-003
12th page
K = -9.00000e + 001 A 4 = -2.16468e-002 A 6 = 4.36176e-004
Side 13
K = 1.40560e + 001 A 4 = -1.25552e-002 A 6 = 5.78256e-004

Various data

Focal length 5.20
F number 2.88
Angle of view 36.69
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 17.77
BF 2.87

Entrance pupil position 3.58
Exit pupil position -4.59
Front principal point 5.15
Rear principal point position -2.33

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 -4.47
2 3 6.34
3 5 -14.20
4 8 6.99
5 10 9.94
6 12 -8.15

Tele eye unit mm

Surface data surface number rd nd vd Effective diameter
1 * 32.268 1.30 1.62041 60.3 8.47
2 * -51.647 3.16 8.11
3 * 5.700 1.40 1.59240 68.3 5.55
4 * -12.800 0.60 5.22
5 * -9.999 0.80 1.80518 25.4 3.82
6 * 191.283 0.10 3.38
7 (Aperture) ∞ 0.10 3.35
8 * 5.214 1.20 1.64000 60.1 3.27
9 * 2.487 2.94 3.24
10 * 18.649 1.80 1.59240 68.3 6.46
11 * 26.555 0.50 6.50
12 * 8.399 1.00 1.84666 23.8 6.65
13 * 11.838 6.78
Image plane ∞

Aspheric data 1st surface
K = -1.92634e + 001 A 4 = -2.82433e-004 A 6 = 3.81416e-006
Second side
K = 9.00000e + 001 A 4 = 3.23423e-004 A 6 = 2.68125e-006
Third side
K = -8.60800e-001 A 4 = 2.63313e-003 A 6 = 4.15438e-005
4th page
K = -2.86471e + 001 A 4 = 8.10119e-004 A 6 = 2.03306e-006
5th page
K = 9.11794e + 000 A 4 = 5.04006e-003 A 6 = 2.54023e-004
6th page
K = 7.38599e + 001 A 4 = 2.81749e-003 A 6 = 5.63571e-004
8th page
K = -8.57667e-001 A 4 = -3.65406e-003 A 6 = -4.84007e-004
9th page
K = -2.26017e-001 A 4 = -3.68837e-003 A 6 = -1.37027e-003
10th page
K = 1.65894e + 001 A 4 = 2.55538e-003 A 6 = 1.45887e-005
11th page
K = 9.21247e + 000 A 4 = 2.90663e-004 A 6 = -7.09973e-006
12th page
K = -7.20764e + 000 A 4 = -1.10889e-003 A 6 = -5.90829e-005
Side 13
K = 8.94495e + 000 A 4 = -3.28402e-003 A 6 = -4.17715e-005

Focal length 15.00
F number 2.88
Angle of view 14.48
Statue height 3.88
Total lens length 17.77
BF 2.87

Entrance pupil position 8.12
Exit pupil position -6.28
Front principal point position -1.49
Rear principal point position -12.13

Single lens Data lens Start surface Focal length
1 1 32.20
2 3 6.85
3 5 -11.78
4 8 -8.97
5 10 97.49
6 12 30.14

  The present invention can be applied to a compound eye imaging apparatus in which a plurality of optical systems are arranged.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Compound eye imaging device, 40 ... Imaging control means, 110a, b, 120a, b, 130a, b, 140a, b, 111a, b, 121a, b, 131a, b, 141a, b ... Imaging optical system, 210a F, 211a to f ... imaging device, 105F, 107F ... focus group unit (focus lens unit), 105R ... rear group unit (fixed lens unit)

Claims (12)

An imaging optical system number of the double, optical science images the plurality of imaging optical system is formed by an imaging apparatus that have a at least one image pickup element for photoelectrically converting,
The plurality of imaging optical systems includes imaging optical systems having different focal lengths;
Each imaging optical system has a focus lens unit that moves during focusing and a fixed lens unit that does not move for focusing .
An imaging apparatus comprising focus drive means for moving a plurality of focus lens units by the same movement amount. Wherein the plurality of imaging optical system, an imaging apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises an imaging optical system that have a focal length equal to each other.   The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a holding unit that integrally holds the plurality of focus lens units. The plurality of images respectively corresponding to the plurality of imaging optical systems include images of a plurality of different angles of view focused on the same subject,
The imaging apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a super-resolution processing unit that corrects resolution using the images having the plurality of different angles of view. To any one of claims 1 to 4, further comprising a distance information calculation means for calculating the distance information of the shooting object based on a plurality of images corresponding to the plurality of imaging optical systems The imaging device described. 6. The image synthesizing unit according to claim 1, further comprising image synthesizing means for generating a synthesized image having image characteristics different from the plurality of images based on the plurality of images respectively corresponding to the plurality of imaging optical systems . The imaging device of any one of them.   The image pickup apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the image characteristic is at least one of an image dynamic range, a resolution, a blur amount, a field angle, and a removal rate of a photographed subject. The plurality of focus lens units are adjacent to each other in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis,
Wherein the plurality of focusing lens units, any one of claims 1 to 7 focus lens is characterized by having a different surface shapes having adjacent and focus lens unit of an imaging optical system having different focal lengths from each other The imaging apparatus according to item 1.   9. The plurality of focus lens units according to claim 1, wherein at least one focus lens adjacent in a direction perpendicular to each optical axis is made of the same material. The imaging device described.   The image pickup apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the focus driving unit moves the focus lens unit of each imaging optical system by the same movement amount.   11. The imaging according to claim 1, wherein at least one focus lens adjacent to each of the plurality of focus lens units in a direction perpendicular to each optical axis is integrally formed. apparatus. A plurality of imaging optical systems, a lens device detachably attached to the imaging apparatus main body, before Symbol imaging apparatus main body includes a photoelectric conversion light science images the plurality of imaging optical system is formed Having at least one image sensor
The plurality of imaging optical systems includes imaging optical systems having different focal lengths;
Each imaging optical system, a focus lens unit which moves during focusing, for focusing has a fixed lens unit that does not move, the focus driving means for moving the multiple off O over Kas lens unit by the same amount of movement A lens device comprising: