JP5752494B2 - Cultivation shelf - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cultivation shelf for cultivating plants such as leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables, and more particularly to a cultivation shelf that can optimally set the light environment in accordance with the growth of the plant.

  Plant cultivation, for example, leafy vegetables such as sanchu, handsome red, and tropy green has been artificially cultivated regardless of the weather, and various cultivation shelves have been proposed for this purpose (patents) Reference 1).

  For cultivation of leafy vegetables, young leafy vegetables grown after sowing and germination are transplanted to the shelf of a multi-stage cultivation shelf, and photosynthesis of leafy vegetables is performed while irradiating light from the lighting unit to the leafy vegetables. It is cultivated with air cooling to promote and suppress the heat generation of the lighting unit.

The light environment for plant cultivation, for example, the light environment for cultivating leafy vegetables, is a photosynthesis effective photon flux density (PPFD) in a wavelength range of 400 to 700 nm of photosynthesis effective radiation per square meter, It is said that a light period of about 12 hours per day is necessary at 150 to 200 μmol ⁻² · s ⁻¹ .

  As a conventional lighting unit for cultivation, a fluorescent lamp is used. Since the surface temperature of the fluorescent lamp reaches 60 ° C., it is necessary to remove the influence of heat sufficiently away from the plant. If the light is too far away, the amount of light on the plant will drop, so it is necessary to maintain a certain irradiation distance.

Recently, LED lighting units for plants such as leafy vegetables have been developed and put into practical use. This LED lighting unit is composed of light emitting elements with emission wavelengths of 660 nm and 450 nm, and can achieve a photon flux density of 170 μmolm ⁻² · s ⁻¹ at an irradiation distance of 200 mm and a surface temperature of 40 ° C., which is 20 ° C. lower than that of a fluorescent lamp. It is becoming widely used for lighting of cultivation shelves.

  By the way, it is preferable to cultivate a light source such as an illumination unit with a certain irradiation distance with respect to a plant, for example, an LED lighting unit with an irradiation distance of 200 mm. There is a problem that it approaches the light source and is affected by the thermal effect of the light source.

  In particular, research on the relationship between the light environment and growth of leafy vegetables using LED lighting units has recently been actively conducted, and it is an important issue to appropriately adjust the irradiation distance.

  In patent document 2, an illuminating device is provided in a cultivation shelf so that it can be moved up and down by an elevating device, and the distance between the illuminating device and the top of a plant is measured using a sensor such as a laser type or an ultrasonic type, It has been proposed to maintain a constant distance.

JP 2000-139219 A JP 2001-69853 A

  However, plants, especially leafy vegetables, etc. have their leaves extending up and down, and it is difficult to detect the top with a sensor. Even if the uppermost part of the plant can be detected by the sensor, if the planting position of the plant is different from the sensor position, the distance becomes inaccurate. Furthermore, there is a problem that an expensive sensor is required to measure the distance, and the cultivation cost is increased.

  Therefore, it is more realistic to visually adjust the irradiation distance during cultivation, but there are individual differences in the adjustment of the irradiation distance by visual observation, and it is difficult to accurately adjust the irradiation distance.

  Then, the objective of this invention is providing the cultivation shelf which can adjust the irradiation distance exact with respect to a plant which solves the said subject.

  In order to achieve the above object, the invention of claim 1 is directed to a lighting shelf in which a shelf for cultivating plants is formed in multiple stages, and the lighting device is provided on the shelf so as to be movable up and down. It is the cultivation shelf characterized by suspending the horizontal guide bar which shows distance.

  The invention of claim 2 is a lighting device comprising a reflecting plate formed according to the size of a shelf and a fluorescent lamp or LED unit provided in a large number on the reflecting plate, the four corners of the reflecting plate, The cultivation shelf according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation shelf is supported by wires, and each of the wires is provided so as to be movable up and down by a lifting device.

  In the invention of claim 3, pulleys for supporting the wires are provided at four corners of the shelf on the reflection plate, and a collective pulley is provided on one side of the shelf, and the lifting device is provided so as to cross the front and rear of the shelf. A feed nut and a feed nut screwed into the feed screw, and after each wire is wound around the collective pulley from the feed nut, it is wound around each of the four corner pulleys, and its lower end is a reflector. It is a cultivation shelf of Claim 2 connected with four corners.

  The invention according to claim 4 is the cultivation shelf according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the horizontal guide bar extends in the left-right direction of the shelf floor, and both ends thereof are suspended to the left and right of the reflector via strings.

  The invention according to claim 5 is the cultivation according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the horizontal guide bar extends in the left-right direction before and after the shelf, and both ends thereof are suspended from the left and right of the reflector via strings. It is a shelf.

  The invention according to claim 6 is the cultivation according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the lighting device is attached so that a cylindrical tare for blowing conditioned air between the lighting device and the plant moves up and down integrally with the lighting device. It is a shelf.

  The present invention suspends a horizontal guide bar indicating an appropriate irradiation distance from the lighting device so that the horizontal guide bar is positioned above a plant such as a leafy vegetable while observing the horizontal guide bar. By adjusting the vertical position of, it exhibits an excellent effect of being able to maintain an appropriate irradiation distance according to the height of the growing plant.

It is a side view which shows one embodiment of this invention. It is a principal part perspective view of FIG. It is an AA arrow line view of FIG.

  A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

  1 to 3, the cultivation shelf 10 is configured such that a support frame 11 is provided with shelves 12 in multiple upper and lower stages, and a shelf floor 13 for cultivating plants P such as leafy vegetables is formed on the shelf 12. .

  In the figure, the shelf 12 shows an example of three stages, but the number of shelf stages can be set according to the ceiling height of the room where the cultivation shelf 10 is installed.

Plants P to be cultivated include leafy vegetables such as sanchu, handsome red, tropic green, red mustard, mizuna, mini celery, stick broccoli, chingensai, hiyuna, and other root vegetables such as wasabi. Yes, it can be cultivated at a photon flux density of 150 to 200 μmol ⁻² · s ⁻¹ and the height of the plant P at harvest is 30 cm or less.

  An illuminating device 14 for irradiating artificial light to a plant P as a leafy vegetable cultivated on a shelf floor 13 below the shelf 12 is provided so as to be able to be raised and lowered.

  The illuminating device 14 is configured by providing a large number of fluorescent lamps and LED bars 16 on the lower surface of a reflecting plate 15 formed according to the size of the shelf floor 13.

  As shown in FIG. 3, wires 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d are connected to the four corners of the reflecting plate 15, respectively, and the wires 17a, 17b, 17c and 17d are supported at the four corners of the shelf 12 on the reflecting plate 15. Pulleys 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d are provided respectively. Each wire 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d is wound around a collective pulley 27 composed of four upper and lower pulleys provided on one side of the shelf 12 via guide pulleys 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d provided on the lower surface of the shelf 12. The reflector 15 (illuminating device 14) is moved up and down via the wires 17a, 17b, 17c, and 17d.

  The elevating device 20 moves the feed nut 22 back and forth by rotating the feed screw 21 provided so as to cross the front and rear of the shelf 12, the feed nut 22 screwed to the feed screw 21, and the feed screw 21. It consists of the handle 23 for.

  Each wire 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d is connected to the feed nut 22, and by turning the handle 23, the feed nut 22 is moved back and forth, whereby the wires 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d are fed out, or By being pulled in, it is wound around the pulleys 18a, 18b, 18c, 18d at the four corners from the collective pulley 19 via the guide pulleys 19a, 19b, 19c, 19d, and is reflected by the wires 17a, 17b, 17c, 17d. 15 is moved up and down.

The LED bar 16 is formed by arranging LED elements having emission wavelengths of 660 nm and 440 nm in a glass tube, and is formed in a bar shape having a length of 1200 mm like a 40 W fluorescent lamp. The LED bar 16 is arranged on the reflecting plate 15 at a pitch of 150 mm to form the illumination device 14. At an irradiation distance of 200 mm, the LED lights overlap each other and the photon flux density to the plant P is 170 μmol m ⁻² · s ^−1. Before and after can be achieved.

This photon flux density has a maximum PPFD of 178 μmolm ⁻² · s ⁻¹ at an irradiation distance of 0 mm, PPFD of 170 μmolm ⁻² · s ⁻¹ at an irradiation distance of 200 mm, and PPFD of 150 μmolm ^−2. At s ⁻¹ and an irradiation distance of 600 m, PPFD is 30 μmolm ⁻² · s ⁻¹ .

  On the other hand, the plant P has a height of several centimeters when transplanted to the shelf 13, but grows to a height of 30 cm or more at the time of harvest (30 to 50 days), and grows up to about 1 cm per day on a simple average. To do.

  Therefore, a horizontal guide bar 25 is suspended from the front, rear, left and right of the reflector 15 by a string 24, and the length of the string 24 is set so that the horizontal guide bar 25 is 200 mm away from the LED bar 16 that is a light source. Adjust it.

  A hook 26 that holds the horizontal guide bar 25 is provided on the upper part of the front and rear edges of the reflecting plate 15.

  A cylindrical tare 28 for blowing conditioned air between the plant P and the LED bar 16 is attached to the rear side of the reflector 15 via a support tool 29. The tare 28 is formed by providing a large number of blowout holes 31 in a plastic cylindrical bag 30 having a diameter of about 200 mm, and its base is connected to an air conditioner (not shown), and is tubular by conditioned air from the air conditioner. As the bag 30 expands, air-conditioned air is blown out from the blowout hole 31 toward the plant P and the LED bar 16.

  Next, the operation of the present embodiment will be described.

  Plants P such as leafy vegetables transplanted to the shelf floor 13 are irradiated with LED light and the like from the upper part by the lighting device 14 and grow by sucking the nutrients supplied to the shelf floor 13. At this time, it is necessary to adjust the distance between the LED bar 16 of the lighting device 14 and the plant P to the irradiation distance of the LED bar 16 (for example, 200 mm). While turning the handle 23, the vertical position of the LED bar 16 may be adjusted so that the upper part of the plant P is aligned with the front and rear horizontal guide bars 25.

  The plant P grows daily and the height increases, but with the horizontal guide bar 25, the change in the height can be seen, and the vertical position of the LED bar 16 can be adjusted according to the height. In addition, the vertical position of the LED bar 16 is adjusted and the cylindrical tare 28 supported by the reflector 15 is also raised, and air conditioned air can be blown from the tare 28 between the plant P and the LED bar 16. The temperature environment can be kept appropriate.

  Therefore, since the irradiation distance at the time of cultivation of the plant P can be adjusted according to the growth of the plant P, the plant P of a certain quality can be cultivated. Moreover, there is no individual difference in irradiation adjustment, and it is optimal as a cultivation shelf for research use for general cultivation.

  Further, during cultivation, the horizontal guide bar 25 is always hooked on the hook 26 provided on the reflector 15 and is used by being removed from the hook 26 when adjusting the height of the lighting device 14. Will not be an obstacle.

  In the above-described embodiment, the shelf floor 13 is described as being fixed to the shelf 12 provided in multiple stages on the support frame 11. However, the shelf floor 13 is configured to be movable on the shelf 12 and drawn forward. Also good. Moreover, although the example which used the LED bar 16 as the illuminating device 14 was shown, you may make it use a fluorescent lamp or another lamp as a light source.

  Further, although the feed screw 21 is rotated by the handle 23 as the lifting device 20, it may be rotated by a motor.

10 Cultivation shelf 13 Shelf floor 14 Lighting device 25 Horizontal guide bar 28 Tare

Claims (6)

  In the cultivation shelf where the shelf floor for cultivating plants is formed in multiple stages and the lighting device is movable up and down on the shelf floor, the lighting device is suspended by a horizontal guide bar indicating the appropriate irradiation distance Growing shelf.   The illuminating device is composed of a reflecting plate formed according to the size of the shelf floor, and fluorescent lamps or LED units provided in large numbers on the reflecting plate, and the four corners of the reflecting plate are supported by wires. The cultivation shelf according to claim 1, wherein the wire is provided so as to be movable up and down by an elevating device.   At the four corners of the shelf on the reflector plate, pulleys for supporting the wires are provided, and a collective pulley is provided at one side of the shelf. The lifting device includes a feed screw provided to cross the front and rear of the shelf and its feed. A feed nut screwed into a screw, and after each wire is wound around the collective pulley from the feed nut, it is wound around each of the four corner pulleys, and its lower end is connected to each of the four corners of the reflector. Item 2. A cultivation shelf according to item 2.   The horizontal guide bar is a cultivation shelf according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the horizontal guide bar extends in the left-right direction of the shelf floor, and both ends thereof are suspended from the left and right of the reflector via strings.   The cultivation shelf according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the horizontal guide bar extends in the left-right direction before and after the shelf floor, and both ends of the horizontal guide bar are suspended from the left and right sides of the reflection plate via strings.   The cultivation shelf in any one of Claims 1-5 attached to an illuminating device so that the cylindrical tare which blows off air-conditioning air between the illuminating device and a plant may go up and down integrally with an illuminating device.