JP5738748B2 - Liquid crystal display element - Google Patents

Description

  Embodiments described herein relate generally to a liquid crystal display element.

  Liquid crystal display devices are widely used for portable devices such as smartphones and tablet terminals and various displays. Furthermore, in order to improve image quality and monochrome display in color display, a display screen having a four-color configuration in which white pixels are added to a pixel configuration in which red, green, and blue color pixels are combined has been put into practical use. By adding white pixels, for example, the reproducibility of the white luminance of the image can be further enhanced.

JP 2007-94029 A

  The white display by red, green, and blue pixels adjusts the brightness of each color, that is, the light modulation rate independently, but when only white pixels are lit, the applied voltage is changed to change to black, gray, or white. In this case, for example, it is not possible to compensate for a hue change depending on liquid crystal characteristics such as wavelength dispersion. The higher the light modulation rate, the more yellow the color, and the lower the color, the bluish.

  In the embodiment, a change in hue corresponding to the brightness of the white pixel is reduced.

According to the embodiment, in the liquid crystal display element including a plurality of pixels that are arranged on a display screen and include a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between two substrates and at least a part of which is a white pixel, each of the white pixels is A plurality of light modulation regions having different light modulation rates with respect to light transmitted through the substrate are provided, and a blue pattern region is partially formed in at least one of the light modulation regions. The blue pattern region in which the blue pigment is dispersed is formed in a plurality of the light modulation regions having different light modulation factors, and the region containing the blue pigment is larger as the light modulation factor is higher.

The top view explaining 1st Embodiment. The circuit schematic corresponding to FIG. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a white pixel according to the first embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a white pixel according to a second embodiment. FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view illustrating a white pixel according to a third embodiment. FIG. 4 is a curve diagram of applied voltage and light transmittance characteristics illustrating the light modulation rate of the first embodiment. The xy chromaticity diagram which contrasts 1st Embodiment and the conventional characteristic.

(First embodiment)
The present embodiment applied to the VA (vertical array) mode will be described with reference to FIGS. The figure shows a part of the pixel array as viewed from the front side to be observed. A pixel 12 in which color pixels RGBW are arranged in two rows and two columns is configured on the display screen 11, and a large number of pixels having this configuration are arranged in the matrix direction to form a display screen.

  In one pixel, a red pixel R and a green pixel G are arranged in the first row, and a blue pixel B and a white pixel W are arranged in the second row. The white pixel W is a pixel that transmits all color lights of red, green, and blue wavelengths, and is configured by providing a transparent filter layer. Pixels adjacent in the pixel row and column direction of this color arrangement are arranged such that the first row is a blue pixel B and a white pixel W, and the second row is a red pixel R and a green pixel G. Pixels are alternately repeated to form a display screen.

  A multi-domain forming line 13 is provided in the center of each pixel in a direction perpendicular to the display screen.

  In the white pixel W, a blue pattern region 15 is arranged in parallel with the line between the horizontal pixel ends 14 on both sides of the line 13 and the same line.

  Each color pixel RGBW is formed of a plurality of regions having different light modulation factors in the relationship between the voltage applied to the electrode and the light transmittance, and the light modulation factor is high in the region 16 between the color pixel line and the pixel end. The region (low light modulation rate region) 17 is low.

  The blue pattern region 15 is elongated and shorter than the line 13, and is formed in a part of the high light modulation rate region 16 of the white pixel.

  FIG. 2 illustrates a circuit arrangement of the pixels 12 in FIG. 1. A thin film that forms a switching element at a position where a gate line 18 extending in the row direction and a signal line 19 extending in the column direction intersect on the display screen 11. Transparent pixel electrodes 22 made of FET 40 and ITO are provided for each color pixel, and the pixels 12 are arranged in a matrix.

  The gate line 18 is controlled by a gate control circuit 30 and the signal line 19 is controlled by a signal control circuit 31.

  FIG. 3 shows a configuration of a white pixel. A liquid crystal layer 37 is sandwiched between a color filter substrate 36 having a glass transparent substrate 34 as well as an array substrate 35 having a glass transparent substrate 33. The liquid crystal layer 37 is made of nematic liquid crystal having negative dielectric anisotropy, and is vertically aligned when no voltage is applied.

  The array substrate 35 is provided on the transparent substrate 33 so that the gate lines 18 and the signal lines 19 (see FIG. 2) are insulated from each other so as to intersect with each other in the form of a lattice. It is formed.

  The thin film FET 40 has a gate electrode 40 g connected to the gate line 18. The source electrode 40s is connected to the signal line. The drain electrode 40d is connected to the ITO transparent pixel electrode 22 formed on the liquid crystal layer 37 side of the interlayer insulating film 41 through a contact hole formed in the interlayer insulating film. Subsequently, a spacer (not shown) is formed on the pixel electrode, and the vertical alignment film 42 is printed.

  The color filter substrate 36 has filter layers 43 (red filter layer 43R, green filter layer 43G, blue filter layer 43B, and white filter layer 43W) of each color on the transparent substrate 34 corresponding to the pixel electrodes 22 in the pixel 12 region. Be placed. Although FIG. 3 shows white pixels, FIG. 1 shows each color filter layer overlapping with each color pixel. Each color filter layer is arranged corresponding to a pixel region surrounded by the gate line and the signal line, and the color pixels are partitioned by a light shielding layer 44.

  The filter layer 43 is colored with a pigment (including a dye) corresponding to the transmitted light wavelength. A red pigment is dispersed in the red filter layer 43R, a green pigment is dispersed in the green filter layer 43G, and a blue pigment is dispersed in the blue filter layer 43B. .

  The light shielding layer 44 and the filter layer 43 are formed by a photoetching process. The light shielding layer 44 is formed by applying a black resin resist to the entire surface of the substrate and patterning it. Similarly, each color filter layer 43 is formed by coating the entire surface using, for example, a photosensitive acrylic resin resist in which a pigment is dispersed, forming a light shielding layer, and performing pattern exposure and development processing. This process is performed sequentially for each color filter.

  The white filter layer 43W is formed of an acrylic resin resist that does not disperse the pigment.

  In the present embodiment, a blue pattern region 15 is formed as a part of the high light modulation rate region 16 of the white pixel and between the line 13 and the pixel end 14. The blue pattern region is formed in the same process as the blue filter layer formation using a photosensitive resin resist in which a blue pigment for a blue pixel is dispersed before the white filter layer is formed. The minute blue pattern region in which the blue pigment is dispersed is formed in the middle of the multi-domain forming line 13 and the light shielding layer 44 in a stripe shape on both sides of the line in parallel with the line 13 so as not to overlap the line. Embedded in.

  Further, an overcoat layer 45 is applied on the entire surface of these filter layers in order to prevent the color pigment from diffusing. A common electrode 46 is formed thereon by sputtering a transparent conductive film such as ITO. The common electrode is provided with a multi-domain forming line 13 for each pixel electrode. A line 13 is a slit-like non-conductive portion in which a transparent conductive film is cut out, and a conductive portion 16A and a non-conductive portion 17A are formed on the common electrode 46 for each color pixel. The slit width is 5 to 20 μm.

  Further, a vertical alignment film 47 is formed on the common electrode 46 layer, and the color filter substrate 36 is obtained.

  Next, an adhesive is applied along the periphery of the color filter substrate, and the array substrate 35 is disposed on the color filter substrate so that the alignment films 42 and 47 face each other, and is heated and pressed to cure the adhesive and bond the two substrates together.

  Usually, since a plurality of liquid crystal display elements are simultaneously formed using a large-sized glass mother substrate, after the adhesive is cured, cut out in element units, and after injecting a liquid crystal composition from an injection port provided in the adhesive, Seal the inlet with UV curable resin.

  An optical film in which a polarizing plate and a retardation plate are combined with this element is attached to both surfaces to obtain a liquid crystal display device.

  The polarizing plates provided on the respective surfaces are arranged so that the absorption axes are orthogonal to each other, display black when no voltage is applied between the pixel electrode and the common electrode, and transmit light when a voltage is applied. By adjusting the voltage, the hue and brightness can be controlled. That is, the RGB pixels change the hue, and in monochrome display, the voltage is set so that the hue change during gray display and white display is reduced. In the white display by the white pixel W, the voltage is set so that the liquid crystal applied voltage of the white display by the RGB pixel and the γ characteristic substantially coincide.

  In the VA mode cell of this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 3, the liquid crystal molecules Lm when the voltage is not applied between the pixel electrode sandwiching the liquid crystal layer and the common electrode are substantially perpendicular or nearly perpendicular to the alignment films 42 and 47. The liquid crystal molecules are arranged in the oblique direction, and the liquid crystal molecules are inclined in the horizontal direction depending on the voltage application. The inclination direction changes with the non-conductive portion 17A as a boundary, so-called multi-domains are formed, and a wide viewing angle characteristic is obtained. Depending on the degree of inclination of the liquid crystal molecules, the phase of the light wavelength transmitted through the liquid crystal changes, and light can be modulated by voltage.

  The light modulation rate differs between the conductive part region 16 and the non-conductive part region 17.

  FIG. 6 shows an example of the light transmittance with respect to the voltage applied between the pixel electrode 22 and the common electrode 46, where the curve T 1 is the characteristic of the conductive part region 16 and T 2 is the characteristic of the non-conductive part region 17. In the conductive portion region, the offset voltage Voff1 is lower than the offset voltage Voff2 in the nonconductive portion region, and the light modulation rate is larger than the light modulation rate in the nonconductive portion region.

  FIG. 7 shows an xy chromaticity diagram of a white pixel. The characteristic of this embodiment is represented by a, and the characteristic of a white pixel having no blue pattern region is represented by b. The display image is preferably a straight line such as c from the black display coordinate Bl to the white display coordinate Wh. Conventionally, when the applied voltage is increased, the hue changes from blue to yellow as shown by the characteristic b. On the other hand, in the present embodiment, it is close to a desirable characteristic c like the characteristic a, and the hue change is improved.

  The multi-domain slit is a line extending in the vertical direction, but may be formed in other shapes such as a cross shape. In this case, a blue pattern region is provided in the conductive portion region.

  The blue pattern region 17A can also be formed in the non-conductive portion region. In this case, the blue pigment ratio in the conductive portion region is increased.

(Second Embodiment)
This embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. The same reference numerals as those in the first embodiment denote the same parts, and redundant explanations are omitted. This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that a white pixel filter resist layer is not formed. After the blue pattern region 15 is formed, an overcoat layer 45 is formed, and a common electrode 46 and a vertical alignment film 47 are formed thereon. The overcoat layer 45 is used as a white filter layer, and the coating, exposure, and development steps of the non-pigmented resin resist for forming the filter layer are omitted.

  The layer thickness of the color filter layer is, for example, 2.3 μm to 3.0 μm. However, when the thickness of the overcoat layer is sufficiently increased to 2.0 μm or more, the level difference between the light shielding layer and the blue pattern is smooth. Thus, the coating of the alignment film and the liquid crystal alignment are not affected. According to this embodiment, the manufacturing process can be omitted as compared with the first embodiment.

(Third embodiment)
This embodiment shows an example of the IPS (horizontal array) mode, and a pair of comb-shaped electrodes 51 and 52 are arranged on the array substrate of the white pixel 50 so that the electrode fingers 51A and 52A are interleaved and face each other in parallel. doing. In this structure, liquid crystal molecules aligned in a direction parallel to the electrode fingers are rearranged in a direction perpendicular to the electrode fingers by applying a voltage to both electrodes. The light modulation rate between the electrode fingers 53 is high, and the electrodes Low on finger. In the present embodiment, the blue pattern region 55 is arranged in a line in a part of the region between the electrode fingers. Thereby, it is possible to reduce the coloration of the monochrome image from black to gray and white display.

(Other embodiments)
In the above embodiment, the blue pattern region in the white filter layer is formed in a stripe shape, but a pattern in which a plurality of dots are arranged in place of the stripe may be formed, and the conductive region is formed in a region having a particularly high light modulation rate. It is preferable.

  Further, the present invention can be applied not only to the VA mode and the IPS mode but also to other mode cells such as the N mode.

  Further, it can be applied to a monochrome display element.

  Moreover, embodiment described above is shown as an example and is not intending limiting the range of invention. These novel embodiments can be implemented in various other forms, and various omissions, replacements, and changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. These embodiments and modifications thereof are included in the scope and gist of the invention, and are included in the invention described in the claims and the equivalents thereof.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Display screen, 12 ... Pixel, R ... Red pixel, G ... Green pixel, B ... Blue pixel, W ... White pixel, 13 ... Line, 14 ... Pixel end, 15 ... Blue pattern area, 16 ... High light modulation rate area (Conductive portion region), 16A ... conductive portion, 17 ... line region (low light modulation rate region, non-conductive portion region), 17A ... non-conductive portion, 18 ... gate line, 19 ... signal line, 21 ... thin film FET, 22 ... Pixel electrode, 33, 34 ... Transparent substrate, 35 ... Array substrate, 36 ... Color filter substrate, 37 ... Liquid crystal layer, 41 ... Interlayer insulating film, 42, 47 ... Vertical alignment film, 43 ... Filter layer, 43R ... Red filter Layer, 43G ... green filter layer, 43B ... blue filter layer, 43W ... white filter layer, 44 ... light shielding layer, 45 ... overcoat layer, 46 ... common electrode

Claims (3)

In a liquid crystal display element including a plurality of pixels that are disposed on a display screen and include a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between two substrates and at least a part of which is a white pixel, each of the white pixels is used to transmit light through the substrate. A plurality of light modulation regions having different light modulation rates, and forming a blue pattern region partially in at least one of the light modulation regions ;
A liquid crystal display element , wherein the blue pattern region in which a blue pigment is dispersed is formed in a plurality of the light modulation regions having different light modulation rates, and the higher the light modulation rate, the larger the ratio including the blue pigment .   The liquid crystal display element according to claim 1, wherein the blue pattern region is formed in a light modulation region having the highest light modulation rate among the plurality of light modulation regions having different light modulation rates. The display screen includes a red pixel having a red filter layer, a green pixel having a green filter layer, a blue pixel having a blue filter layer, and the white pixel, and a transparent overcoat layer is disposed on each color filter layer, the liquid crystal display device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the overcoat layer also serves as a white filter layer in the region of the white pixel.

Images