JP5728609B1 - Orthodontic set and coil spring - Google Patents

Abstract

[PROBLEMS] To increase the interdental distance without causing the final rotation and inclination of the teeth when it is necessary to increase the interdental distance between any teeth in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. Providing orthodontic sets. An orthodontic set includes a super elastic wire W attached to a plurality of brackets attached to a patient's maxillary or mandibular teeth, and an ultraset attached to a plurality of brackets attached to maxillary or mandibular teeth. A coil spring S having a spring constant of 50 to 200 N / m, which is inserted through the portion of the elastic wire W between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth and attached in a compressed state. It consists of. The superelastic wire W is, for example, an arch wire made of TiNi alloy having a diameter of 0.4 mm. The coil spring S is made of, for example, a wire having a diameter of 0.3 mm, in which PTFE is coated on a peripheral surface of a 0.2 mm diameter stainless steel wire with a thickness of 0.05 mm. [Selection] Figure 1

Description

  The present invention relates to an orthodontic set, and more particularly to an orthodontic set suitable for use in initial treatment or initial treatment and subsequent treatment when a dentist performs orthodontic treatment.

  In orthodontic treatment, an orthodontic device such as a bracket is attached to the crown of the patient's teeth, and an orthodontic wire with bend is attached to this orthodontic device, and both ends are fixed to a fixed source. Thus, it is common to apply a force to the teeth and move them with this orthodontic wire (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2, for example).

  On the other hand, depending on the patient, the distance between any of the teeth, that is, the interdental distance, may be smaller than when the tooth arrangement is normal. In such a case, it is necessary to increase the interdental distance between specific teeth in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. For example, since the canine is shifted to the mesial side, it is often necessary to increase the distance between the central incisor and the canine. Conventionally, the following method has been used to increase the interdental distance. That is, a plurality of brackets are attached to the upper teeth or lower teeth, and stainless steel orthodontic wires are attached to these brackets. At that time, the coil is inserted into and compressed by the portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth of the orthodontic wire to increase the interdental distance. Install the spring. And the distance between teeth is expanded by applying a force to a bracket and by extension, a tooth by the elasticity of this coil spring. As this coil spring, one made of stainless steel or NiTi alloy (nickel titanium alloy) has been conventionally used (for example, see Non-Patent Document 3).

  By the way, root absorption is known as one problem resulting from orthodontic treatment (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5). With regard to root resorption, there is no noticeable symptom after treatment except in severe cases. At first glance, it seems that the teeth are arranged neatly. This is a very difficult problem to understand. However, depending on the degree of root resorption, it can be a big trouble in the future.

  When treatment is based on the current orthodontic theory, it is an incomplete theory of histological and mechanical balance, so any time root resorption occurs in one third of the root apex It is given up if it cannot be helped, and if the root resorption does not occur, it must be fortunate.

  Even if some root resorption occurs, the tooth itself does not immediately go bad, and many orthodontists consider it unavoidable even if some degree of root resorption occurs. Not all cases cause root resorption, but the mechanisms of many orthodontic techniques that are currently practiced are inevitably considered to cause root resorption with a probability of a few percent. It was.

  However, the root resorption that occurs in orthodontic treatment is actually a big problem. That is, if extreme root resorption occurs, the teeth will be easily removed. In addition, even if you are young (or soon after treatment), it will be easy to come off if you have a periodontal disease in the future and your gums become weak. If this happens, the only way to deal with it is to remove the tooth.

  The mechanism of root absorption will be described in detail. There are several mechanisms of root resorption. There are cases where root resorption occurs congenitally (pathologically), but in fact, there are overwhelmingly cases that are caused artificially by orthodontic treatment. The following two patterns are considered as cases that are caused artificially.

  One is when the correction force is too strong. As a mechanism of orthodontic treatment, the force is always applied to the teeth by a mechanical orthodontic device, but in fact, orthodontic treatment transmits a continuous force from the teeth to the tissue and moves the teeth using some kind of metabolism. It is treatment to let you. However, there is an allowable range for the force to move the teeth, and it will not move properly if the force is too strong or too weak. If this force exceeds the allowable range and is too strong, it will cause root resorption.

  The other is root resorption by jiggling. The tooth movement mechanism includes tooth body movement and inclination movement, and most of the orthodontic treatments currently carried out perform inclination movement in which the tooth is inclined and moved while performing small jiggling or large jiggling. This inclination movement is a major cause of root resorption, and it is considered that most tooth root resorption can be avoided if tooth movement without tilting the tooth becomes possible.

  The reason why perfect tooth movement has not been realized so far will be described. The large wall is due to anatomical tooth structure and mechanical structure. That is, as shown in FIG. 66, the tooth 501 has a crown portion 501a and a root portion 501b planted in the alveolar bone 503 through the periodontal membrane 502. Reference numeral 504 indicates a gingiva. The height ratio of the crown portion 501a and the root portion 501b is about 1: 1.5, but there are individual differences. Since the orthodontic appliance cannot be mounted on the root portion 501b, it is mounted on the crown portion 501a, but what is actually desired to be moved is the root portion 501b. This is exactly the point at which it is impossible to perform mechanically. That is, when the correction force is applied by a normal mechanism, the vicinity of the root apex 1/3 becomes a fulcrum when the tooth root portion 501b moves due to the positional relationship between the force point and the action point. In other words, the root apex 1/3 moves while repeating jiggling. Therefore, when the movement is completed, the teeth 501 are surely damaged.

  Under the background as described above, the present inventor has proposed an orthodontic treatment system (referred to as three-dimensional light force sliding technique (3D-LST)) based on a new concept (Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5). reference.). In Non-Patent Document 4, a thin wire that does not apply an excessive load during orthodontic treatment is selected, and special bends (two tip back bends and two torque holding bends, 15 ° to 20 °) are provided at four positions of the wires. It is described that the tooth body can be moved by attaching a high bend (°), and as a result, treatment can be performed safely and rationally. In Non-Patent Document 5, it is possible to control torque and angulation by using a 022 × 028 inch slot bracket with a main arch of 016 × 022 or 017 × 025, and moving a three-dimensional tooth with a thin wire. It is described that there is a certain thing (torque holding bend << 15 to 20 degrees >>) and tip back high bend << 15 to 20 degrees >>. However, “torque holding bend” described in Non-Patent Documents 4 and 5 is a term coined by the present inventor and does not describe the meaning of the torque holding bend. Wherein the tip back bend and the torque holding bend are located on the wire. There is no description about whether to add or not.

William R. Proffit (translated by Kenji Takada) "The new edition of Profito's modern orthodontics" (Quintessence Publishing Co., Ltd., issued on June 10, 2004) Haruo Ishikawa and Masatada Koga “Pre-Adjusted Bracket System Straight Wire Technique” (Quintessence Publishing Co., Ltd., published on January 25, 1997) [Search July 28, 2014], Internet <URL: http://www.shofu.co.jp/ortho/contents/hp0098/index.php?No=110&CNo=98> [Searched on November 21, 2013], Internet <URL: http://www.cat-ortho.jp/treatment/categories/t01.html> [Search on November 21, 2013] Internet <URL: http://www.japos.jp/purpose/index.html>

  However, in the above-described conventional method in which the interdental distance is increased using a stainless steel orthodontic wire and a stainless steel or NiTi alloy coil spring, the teeth rotate greatly around the tooth axis (rotation). There has been a problem of causing tooth tilt and inclination of teeth.

  Therefore, the problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment, when it is necessary to increase the distance between teeth, the final rotation and inclination of the teeth hardly occur. An orthodontic set capable of increasing the interdental distance is provided.

  Another problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment, when there is a need to increase the distance between any teeth, the final tooth rotation and inclination hardly occur. In addition, the distance between teeth can be increased, and in addition, since it can be used for orthodontic treatment after the initial orthodontic treatment is completed, tooth movement can be moved in three dimensions. It is an object to provide an orthodontic set that can almost completely prevent damaging and hardly damage tissue.

  The above and other problems will become apparent from the following description of the present specification with reference to the accompanying drawings.

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides:
An orthodontic superelastic wire attached to a plurality of brackets attached to the patient's maxillary or mandibular teeth;
The orthodontic superelastic wire attached to the plurality of brackets attached to the maxillary teeth or the mandibular teeth is inserted into a portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth. And an orthodontic set comprising a coil spring having a spring constant of 50 N / m or more and 200 N / m or less, which is attached in a compressed state.

  As long as the coil spring in this orthodontic set has a spring constant of 50 N / m or more and 200 N / m or less, basically any coil spring can be used, but depending on the coil spring attached in a compressed state. The working elastic force is desirably as weak as possible within a range where the effect of expanding the interdental distance is obtained. Therefore, the spring constant is preferably 50 N / m or more and 150 N / m or less, and generally 100 ± 30 N / m. It is. Here, according to the measurement of the present inventor, the spring constant of a conventionally used stainless steel coil spring is about 600 N / m. According to Non-Patent Document 3, the spring constant of the NiTi alloy coil spring is about 250 N / m or more and 650 N / m or less. Therefore, the spring constant of the coil spring in this orthodontic set is considerably smaller than the spring constant of a conventionally used stainless steel coil spring or NiTi alloy coil spring. As a typical example of this coil spring, a diameter obtained by coating polytetrafluoroethylene with a thickness of 0.05 mm on the outer peripheral surface of a stainless steel wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and a diameter of 0.2 mm. It consists of a 0.3 mm wire or another wire having mechanical properties equivalent to this wire. The inner diameter of the coil spring is within a range in which the orthoelastic orthoelastic wire can be inserted into the coil spring and the coil spring can be freely expanded and contracted with the orthodontic superelastic wire inserted. Is selected as needed. The outer diameter of the coil spring is freely expanded and contracted in a state between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth of the orthoelastic superelastic wire with the coil spring inserted through the portion. Although it is selected as necessary within a possible range, specifically, it is, for example, 1.2 mm or more and 1.8 mm or less. The orthoelastic wire for orthodontics is made of, for example, a NiTi alloy or an AuCuZn alloy (gold copper zinc alloy), but is not limited thereto. The cross-sectional shape of the orthoelastic superelastic wire may be circular or quadrangular (rectangular or square), but is preferably circular. Further, the thickness of the orthoelastic superelastic wire is selected as necessary. As a specific example of the orthoelastic wire for orthodontics, it is composed of a NiTi alloy superelastic wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and a diameter of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm, but is not limited thereto.

  On the other hand, as a result of thorough research on the mechanism of root resorption in a situation where root resorption is considered to occur in many conventional orthodontic treatments, the present inventor has applied a special bend to a specific position. By using the correct orthodontic wire that is not too strong, the root (or tooth axis) of the anterior tooth is moved linearly and three-dimensionally in the direction in which it is desired to move, that is, translated. I found out that I can. It has been confirmed in many cases that root resorption is not caused by orthodontic treatment due to the realization of such tooth movement.

  There are roughly two types of orthodontic wires, which are as follows.

The first orthodontic wire is
From one end to the other end, it has a substantially straight first part, a substantially straight second part, a central arched third part, a substantially straight fourth part and a substantially straight fifth part, An overall arched stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) or a similarity ratio of 1 to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire : Having a cross-sectional shape similar to p (provided that 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1), and made of a wire made of a material other than stainless steel having the same mechanical properties as this stainless steel wire,
The first part and the fifth part are located substantially in the first plane;
The second part and the fourth part are located substantially in the second plane;
The third part is located substantially in the third plane;
The long side of the rectangular cross section of the wire made of a material other than the stainless steel wire or the stainless steel is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane,
The first plane is inclined at 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less with respect to the second plane,
The third plane is inclined at 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less on the same side as the first plane with respect to the second plane,
The first part and the fifth part have a length that can be stretched over the first molar on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second part and the fourth part have a length that can be stretched over the first and second premolars on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The third portion has a length that can be stretched over the entire front teeth of the patient's upper or lower jaw.

  This first orthodontic wire is suitable for use in orthodontic treatment by extracting the first premolar. That is, the first orthodontic wire is used for the second part and the fourth part in the state in which the left first and right first premolars are extracted in advance when performing orthodontic treatment of the patient's upper teeth. With the first, third, and fifth parts up, the first part is attached to the front of the left first molar crown and the second part is the left second premolar crown The third part is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, and the fourth part is the front of the right second premolar crown The fifth part is attached to the front face of the right first molar crown. Further, when orthodontic treatment of the lower jaw teeth of the patient is performed, the first part, the third part, and the fifth part are compared with the second part and the fourth part in a state where the left and right first premolars are extracted in advance. With the part down, the first part is attached to the front of the right first molar crown, the second part is attached to the front of the right second premolar crown, and the third part Is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, the fourth part is attached to the front of the left second premolar crown, and the fifth part is on the left Attached to the front surface of the crown of the first molar. In addition, the first orthodontic wire may, for example, extract the left first premolar and the right second premolar, or vice versa, if necessary. This can also be used when the right first premolar is extracted and orthodontic is performed, and is particularly suitable for moving the front teeth backward (lowering). Specifically, when the first orthodontic wire is used for orthodontic treatment of the patient's upper teeth, for example, the left first premolar was extracted in advance and the right second premolar was extracted. In the state, with the first part, the third part and the fifth part facing up with respect to the second part and the fourth part, the first part is attached to the front surface of the left first molar crown, Two parts are attached to the front of the crown of the left second premolar, the third part is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, and the fourth part The right first premolar tooth is attached to the front surface of the crown portion, and the fifth portion is attached to the right first premolar tooth crown portion. Alternatively, the first orthodontic wire has a first portion, a third portion with respect to the second portion and the fourth portion in a state where the left second premolar is extracted in advance and the right first premolar is extracted. With the part and fifth part up, the first part is attached to the front of the left first molar crown and the second part is attached to the left first premolar crown The third part is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, the fourth part is attached to the front of the right second premolar crown, and the fifth The part is attached to the front surface of the right crown part of the first molar. In addition, when the first orthodontic wire is used for orthodontic treatment of the lower jaw of the patient, for example, the left first premolar is extracted in advance, and the right second premolar is extracted, With the first part, the third part and the fifth part facing down with respect to the second part and the fourth part, the first part is mounted on the front surface of the right first molar crown, and the second part is Attached to the front of the crown of the right first premolar, a third part attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, and a fourth part to the left It is mounted on the front surface of the crown portion of the two premolars, and the fifth portion is mounted on the front surface of the crown portion of the left first molar. Alternatively, the first orthodontic wire has a first portion, a third portion with respect to the second portion and the fourth portion in a state where the left second premolar is extracted in advance and the right first premolar is extracted. With the part and fifth part down, the first part is attached to the front of the right first molar crown and the second part is attached to the front of the right second premolar crown The third part is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, and the fourth part is attached to the front of the left first premolar crown. The part is attached to the front surface of the left crown part of the first molar.

  When a stainless steel wire is used for the first orthodontic wire, the rectangular dimension of the cross section must be within the range of (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm). Chosen according to If the cross-sectional rectangular dimension is a stainless steel wire within the range of (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm), the second plane of the first plane is required as necessary. By adjusting the inclination angle and the inclination angle of the third plane with respect to the second plane, the same effect as when a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross section of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm is used can be obtained. Is possible. In addition, as long as the first orthodontic wire has mechanical properties (Young's modulus, torsional rigidity, etc.) equivalent to this stainless steel wire, a wire made of a material other than stainless steel may be used. According to the material of the wire, the cross sectional shape of the stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross sectional shape of (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) and the similarity ratio 1: The cross-sectional shape is similar to p (where 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1). In this way, even if a wire made of a material other than stainless steel is used, the first plane can be crossed by adjusting the tilt angle of the first plane with respect to the second plane or the third plane with respect to the second plane. It is possible to obtain the same effect as when a stainless steel wire having a surface rectangular dimension of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm is used. Examples of materials other than stainless steel include various metals other than stainless steel (single metals and alloys), various fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), composite metal materials of two or more metals, metals and other materials, such as A composite material with a fiber reinforced plastic or the like can be used. Examples of metals other than stainless steel include nickel. Examples of the fiber reinforced plastic include carbon fiber reinforced plastic, silicon carbide fiber reinforced plastic, and glass fiber reinforced plastic. A wire made of a material other than stainless steel is not only a wire made of a uniform material but also, for example, a core material made of metal and a coating layer made of metal or fiber reinforced plastic covering the core material. Also good. Preferably, a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.41 ± 0.02 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.02 mm) or a cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire and a similarity ratio of 1: A wire made of a material other than stainless steel having a cross-sectional shape similar to p (provided that 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1) is used, and the most typical example is 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm. A stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″) is used. By using a thin stainless steel wire or a wire made of a material other than stainless steel as described above, an appropriate correction force that is not too strong can be applied to the teeth, and therefore root absorption can be effectively prevented. Specifically, for example, when the first orthodontic wire is attached, a force of 100 ± 30 g weight is applied to the central incisor on both sides of the patient's maxillary or mandibular teeth in a direction perpendicular to the third plane. A force of 200 ± 50 g weight is similarly applied to the side incisors on both sides, and a force of 250 ± 50 g weight is also applied to the canines on both sides.

  The first orthodontic wire is typically manufactured by bending four portions of a single stainless steel wire or a wire made of a material other than stainless steel. That is, a first part, a second part, a third part, a fourth part, and a fifth part are formed by bending four portions of a single stainless steel wire or a wire made of a material other than stainless steel. . In this first orthodontic wire, the bent part at the boundary between the first part and the second part and the bent part at the boundary between the fifth part and the fourth part are inclined to the left and right first molars in a centrifugal manner. In other words, the tip back bend portion is referred to as a tip back bend portion. In addition, the bent part of the boundary between the second part and the third part and the bent part of the boundary between the fourth part and the third part are attached to the upper teeth or the lower teeth with the first orthodontic wire using a bracket. When the first orthodontic wire is locked in the slot of the bracket attached to the front tooth, the torque at that time is maintained as described below. Hereinafter, the torque holding bend section is referred to as a torque holding bend section. The inclination angle of the first plane with respect to the second plane and the inclination angle of the third plane with respect to the second plane is within a range of 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less, depending on the material of the wire used and the rectangular dimensions of the cross section, etc. Although suitably selected, it is preferably 12 ° to 23 °, typically 15 ° to 22 °, for example 20 °.

  Typically, the first orthodontic wire is substantially symmetric about a plane that bisects the third portion and is perpendicular to the second plane. In addition, this first orthodontic wire typically has one longitudinal direction of the first orthodontic wire when attached to a bracket attached to the front surface of the crown of the patient's upper or lower anterior teeth. Two ridges make point contact or line contact with the bottom surface of the slot of the bracket, and ridges on both sides sandwiching this ridge make point contact or line contact with both sides of the slot of the bracket, respectively. As a result, the frictional force acting between the first orthodontic wire and the bracket can be made extremely small, so that the tooth body can be moved even with a small orthodontic force, greatly reducing the burden on the patient's teeth. It becomes possible. The cross-sectional shape of the slot of the bracket is generally rectangular.

The second orthodontic wire is
From one end to the other end, it has a substantially straight first part, a substantially straight second part, a central arched third part, a substantially straight fourth part and a substantially straight fifth part, An overall arched stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm) or a similarity ratio of 1 to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire : Having a cross-sectional shape similar to p (provided that 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1), and made of a wire made of a material other than stainless steel having the same mechanical properties as this stainless steel wire,
The first part and the fifth part are located substantially in the first plane;
The second part and the fourth part are located substantially in the second plane;
The third part is located substantially in the third plane;
The long side of the rectangular cross section of the wire made of a material other than the stainless steel wire or the stainless steel is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane,
The first plane is inclined by 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less with respect to the second plane,
The third plane is inclined by 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less on the same side as the first plane with respect to the second plane,
The first part and the fifth part have a length that can be stretched over the first molar on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second part and the fourth part have a length that can be stretched over the first and second premolars on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The third portion is characterized by having a length that can be stretched over the front teeth of the upper or lower jaw of the patient.

  This second orthodontic wire is suitable for use in orthodontic treatment by extracting the second premolar. That is, this second orthodontic wire is used for the second portion and the fourth portion in the state where the left and right second premolars are extracted in advance when performing orthodontic treatment of the patient's upper teeth. With the first, third and fifth parts up, the first part is attached to the front of the left first molar crown and the second part is the left first premolar crown The third part is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, and the fourth part is the front of the right first premolar crown The fifth part is attached to the front face of the right first molar crown. Further, when orthodontic treatment of the lower jaw teeth of the patient is performed, the first part, the third part, and the fifth part with respect to the second part and the fourth part in the state where the left and right second premolars are extracted in advance. With the part down, the first part is attached to the front of the right first molar crown, the second part is attached to the front of the right first premolar crown, and the third part Is attached to the front of the left and right central incisors, side incisors and canines, the fourth part is attached to the front of the left first premolar crown, and the fifth part is on the left Attached to the front surface of the crown of the first molar. In addition, the second orthodontic wire may, for example, extract the left first premolar and the right second premolar, or vice versa, if necessary. This can also be used for orthodontic treatment by extracting the right first premolar, and is particularly suitable for moving the first premolar to the mesial position. In this case, the specific method of using the second orthodontic wire is as follows. The first orthodontic wire is preferably used when the first premolar is extracted and orthodontic. It is the same.

  When a stainless steel wire is used for the second orthodontic wire, the rectangular dimension of the cross section is required to be within the range of (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm). It is chosen according to. If the cross-sectional rectangular dimension is a stainless steel wire within the range of (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm), the second plane of the first plane can be used as necessary. By adjusting the inclination angle and the inclination angle of the third plane relative to the second plane, the same effect as when a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross section of 0.43 mm × 0.64 mm is used can be obtained. Is possible. The second orthodontic wire may be made of a material other than stainless steel as long as it has the same mechanical properties (Young's modulus, torsional rigidity, etc.) as the stainless steel wire. According to the wire material, the cross-sectional shape of the stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm) and the similarity ratio 1: The cross-sectional shape is similar to p (where 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1). In this way, even if a wire made of a material other than stainless steel is used, the first plane can be crossed by adjusting the tilt angle of the first plane with respect to the second plane or the third plane with respect to the second plane. It is possible to obtain the same effect as when a stainless steel wire having a surface rectangular dimension of 0.43 mm × 0.64 mm is used. Preferably, a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.43 ± 0.02 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.02 mm) or a similarity ratio with the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire is 1: A wire made of a material other than stainless steel having a cross-sectional shape similar to p (provided that 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1) is used. The most typical example is 0.43 mm × 0.64 mm. A stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.017 ″ × 0.025 ″) is used.

  The inclination angle of the first plane with respect to the second plane and the inclination angle of the third plane with respect to the second plane is within a range of 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less, depending on the material of the wire used, the rectangular dimensions of the cross section, etc. Although it is appropriately selected, it is preferably 8 ° or more and 18 ° or less, typically 10 ° or more and 17 ° or less, for example, 15 °.

  Other than the above, the second orthodontic wire is related to the first orthodontic wire, which is suitable for application when the first premolar is extracted and orthodontic, as long as it is not contrary to its nature. This is true.

  The bracket for attaching the first orthodontic wire and the second orthodontic wire has a rectangular cross-sectional shape with a width of 0.56 ± 0.05 mm or a width (0.56 ± 0.05 mm). ) A bracket having a slot with a rectangular cross section of xp.

  From the above, in the orthodontic treatment, in addition to the orthoelastic wire and coil spring for orthodontic treatment effective for the initial treatment, the first orthodontic wire and second orthodontic treatment effective for the subsequent treatment are used. By using at least one of the wires and the above bracket together, it is possible to perform an optimal treatment.

Therefore, the present invention
An orthodontic superelastic wire attached to a plurality of brackets attached to the patient's maxillary or mandibular teeth;
The orthodontic superelastic wire attached to the plurality of brackets attached to the maxillary teeth or the mandibular teeth is inserted into a portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth. A coil spring having a spring constant of 50 N / m or more and 200 N / m or less, which is attached in a compressed state,
At least one of a first orthodontic wire and a second orthodontic wire;
A slot having a rectangular cross-sectional shape with a width of 0.56 ± 0.05 mm or a rectangular cross-sectional shape with a width of (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) × p (where 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1) A bracket having a slot having
The first orthodontic wire is
From one end to the other end, it has a substantially straight first part, a substantially straight second part, a central arched third part, a substantially straight fourth part and a substantially straight fifth part, An overall arched stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) or a similarity ratio of 1 to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire : Consisting of a wire made of a material other than stainless steel having a cross-sectional shape similar to p and having mechanical properties equivalent to this stainless steel wire,
The first part and the fifth part are located substantially in the first plane;
The second part and the fourth part are located substantially in the second plane;
The third part is located substantially in the third plane;
The long side of the rectangular cross section of the wire made of a material other than the stainless steel wire or the stainless steel is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane,
The first plane is inclined at 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less with respect to the second plane,
The third plane is inclined at 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less on the same side as the first plane with respect to the second plane,
The first part and the fifth part have a length that can be stretched over the first molar on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second part and the fourth part have a length that can be stretched over the first and second premolars on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The third part has a length that can be stretched over the entire front teeth of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second orthodontic wire is
From one end to the other end, it has a substantially straight first part, a substantially straight second part, a central arched third part, a substantially straight fourth part and a substantially straight fifth part, An overall arched stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm) or a similarity ratio of 1 to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire : Consisting of a wire made of a material other than stainless steel having a cross-sectional shape similar to p and having mechanical properties equivalent to this stainless steel wire,
The first part and the fifth part are located substantially in the first plane;
The second part and the fourth part are located substantially in the second plane;
The third part is located substantially in the third plane;
The long side of the rectangular cross section of the wire made of a material other than the stainless steel wire or the stainless steel is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane,
The first plane is inclined by 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less with respect to the second plane,
The third plane is inclined by 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less on the same side as the first plane with respect to the second plane,
The first part and the fifth part have a length that can be stretched over the first molar on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second part and the fourth part have a length that can be stretched over the first and second premolars on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The third part is an orthodontic set having a length that can be stretched over the anterior teeth of the patient's upper or lower jaw.

  In order to produce the first orthodontic wire and the second orthodontic wire by bending the wire, the following pliers for producing an orthodontic wire are preferably used.

That is, this orthodontic wire manufacturing pliers is
A first arm having a jaw on the front end and a grip on the rear end;
A second arm having a jaw part at the front end and a grip handle on the rear end side;
The first arm and the second arm are connected to each other in an X shape by a connecting shaft so as to be rotatable around the connecting shaft,
On the surface of the jaw portion of the first arm facing the jaw portion of the second arm, a triangular columnar convex portion extending in the direction along the first arm is provided,
A triangular prism-shaped recess extending in a direction along the second arm is provided on a surface of the jaw of the second arm facing the jaw of the first arm,
The apex angle of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the convex portion of the jaw portion of the first arm is 155 ° or more and 173 ° or less,
The apex angle of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the concave portion of the jaw portion of the second arm is 155 ° or more and 173 ° or less,
When the first arm and the second arm are rotated around the connecting shaft to close the jaw portion of the first arm and the jaw portion of the second arm, the jaw of the first arm The convex part of the part and the concave part of the jaw part of the second arm are configured to fit together.

  Here, the length of the convex part of the jaw part of the first arm and the concave part of the jaw part of the second arm is determined so that one or more wires can be bent between them. It is done.

  According to the present invention, by using a combination of an orthodontic superelastic wire and a coil spring having a spring constant of 50 N / m or more and 200 N / m or less, it is finally possible to prevent the rotation of the teeth and the inclination between teeth. The distance can be increased or the torsion teeth can be rotated to a normal position.

  In particular, according to the first orthodontic wire and the second orthodontic wire, it is attached using a bracket attached to the maxillary anterior or mandibular anterior teeth and a bondable tube attached to the left and right first molars. Further, the power chains selected in consideration of the proper correction force are hooked on these brackets while being stretched, and both ends of the power chains are fixed to the bondable tubes attached to the left and right first molars. If the state is maintained for a certain period of time, the orthodontic orthodontic force perpendicular to the third plane and generated by the third portion being bent downward or upward around the torque holding bend and the orthodontic Fixing both ends of the wire to the left and right first molars, and the combined force with the almost horizontal correction force generated by attaching the power chain, the left and right central incisors, side incisors and Work against canine teeth. As a result, these teeth are three-dimensionally aligned so that the roots of these teeth are aligned towards a temporary point that is ultimately set as the intersection of the extension lines of the central axes (or tooth axes) of the roots of these teeth. Tooth body can be moved. At this time, since jigging is not performed, root resorption can be effectively prevented. The bend angle of the torque holding bend portion is 12 ° to 25 ° for the first orthodontic wire suitable for orthodontic treatment by extracting the first premolar, and the second premolar is extracted. In the case of the second orthodontic wire suitable for use in orthodontic treatment, the thickness of the first orthodontic wire and the second orthodontic wire is large because it is as large as 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less. Since it can be small, an appropriate correction force that is not too strong can be obtained, thereby minimizing tissue damage during correction.

It is an approximate line figure showing an orthodontic super elastic wire and coil spring which constitute an orthodontic set by a first embodiment of this invention. It is a basic diagram which shows the state which the coil spring which comprises the orthodontic set by 1st embodiment of this invention is not compressed, and the state compressed. It is a basic diagram which shows the state which attached the orthoelastic orthoelastic wire and coil spring which comprise the orthodontic set by 1st embodiment of this invention to the upper jaw tooth. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the effect | action of the superelastic wire for orthodontics and coil spring which comprises the orthodontic set by 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the effect | action of the superelastic wire for orthodontics and coil spring which comprises the orthodontic set by 1st embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the photograph which image | photographed the orthoelastic orthoelastic wire which shows the Example of the orthodontic set by 1st Embodiment of this invention, the coil spring, and the ligation wire used for preparation of this coil spring. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 1 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 1 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 1 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a panoramic X-ray photograph of a patient 1 who has undergone initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. 6 before starting treatment. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the panoramic X-ray photograph of the patient 1 who performed the initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 2 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 2 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 2 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a panoramic X-ray photograph of a patient 2 who has received initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. 6 before starting treatment. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the panoramic X-ray photograph of the patient 2 who performed the initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 3 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 3 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 3 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a panoramic X-ray photograph of a patient 3 who has undergone initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. 6 before starting treatment. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the panoramic X-ray photograph of the patient 3 who performed the initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 4 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 4 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating the method of performing the initial treatment of the patient 4 using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. FIG. 7 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a panoramic X-ray photograph of a patient 4 who has undergone initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. 6 before starting treatment. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the panoramic X-ray photograph of the patient 4 who performed the initial treatment using the orthodontic set shown in FIG. It is the top view which shows the orthodontic wire by 2nd embodiment of this invention, a right view, a left view, a front view, and an expanded sectional view. It is a basic diagram which shows the 1st example of the manufacturing method of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a basic diagram which shows the 2nd example of the manufacturing method of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture suitable for manufacture of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture suitable for manufacture of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture suitable for manufacture of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a side view which shows the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture suitable for manufacture of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a front view which shows the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture suitable for manufacture of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture suitable for manufacture of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows the method of manufacturing the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention using the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture. It is a perspective view which shows the method of manufacturing the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention using the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture. It is sectional drawing which shows the method of manufacturing the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention using the pliers for orthodontic wire manufacture. It is a top view which shows the state which attached the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd Embodiment of this invention to the upper jaw tooth and the lower jaw tooth with the bracket. It is a top view which shows the state which attached the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd Embodiment of this invention to the upper jaw tooth and the lower jaw tooth with the bracket. It is a perspective view which shows an example of the bracket used for an upper jaw tooth, and a bondable tube. It is a perspective view which shows the state by which the orthodontic wire was attached to the upper jaw tooth with the bracket. It is a perspective view which shows the state by which the orthodontic wire was attached to the lower jaw tooth with the bracket. It is the expanded view which shows the state by which the orthodontic wire was attached with the bracket with which the upper jaw tooth was mounted | worn, and a cross-sectional view of each part of the orthodontic wire. FIG. 44B is a schematic diagram showing, in an enlarged manner, a portion from the upper right first premolar of the orthodontic wire shown in FIG. 44A to the upper right canine; It is a top view of the orthodontic wire of the state attached to the bracket with which the upper jaw tooth was mounted | worn. It is sectional drawing which shows the orthodontic wire passed through the bracket with which the maxillary right middle incisor was mounted | worn, and the slot of this bracket. It is sectional drawing which shows the orthodontic wire passed through the bracket with which the maxillary right side incisor was mounted | worn, and the slot of this bracket. It is sectional drawing which shows the orthodontic wire passed through the bracket with which the upper right canine was mounted | worn, and the slot of this bracket. It is sectional drawing which shows the bracket with which the maxillary right first premolar was mounted | worn, and the orthodontic wire passed through the slot of this bracket. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the tooth body movement which becomes possible with the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a basic diagram which shows the specific example of the usage method of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a basic diagram which shows the other specific example of the usage method of the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. FIG. 57 is a drawing-substituting photograph showing a photograph of the orthodontic wire and power chain shown in FIG. 56. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph for demonstrating an example which actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the panoramic X-ray photograph before the treatment start of the patient who actually performed orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire which comprises the orthodontic set by 2nd Embodiment of this invention. It is a drawing substitute photograph which shows the panoramic X-ray photograph after the completion of the treatment of the patient who actually performed the orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire constituting the orthodontic set according to the second embodiment of the present invention. It is a basic diagram for demonstrating the effect | action of the orthoelastic orthoelastic wire and coil spring which comprise the orthodontic set by 3rd embodiment of this invention. It is an approximate line figure for explaining the mechanism in which root resorption occurs by conventional orthodontic treatment.

  Hereinafter, modes for carrying out the invention (hereinafter referred to as “embodiments”) will be described. The description will be given in the following order.

<1. First Embodiment>
[Orthodontic set]
1A and 1B are front views showing an orthodontic superelastic wire (hereinafter, simply referred to as “superelastic wire”) W and a coil spring S that constitute the orthodontic set according to the first embodiment.

  As shown in FIG. 1A, the superelastic wire W is an archwire made of a superelastic alloy such as a NiTi alloy or an AuCuZn alloy. The cross-sectional shape of the superelastic wire W is, for example, a circle or a rectangle (rectangle or square). When the cross-sectional shape of the superelastic wire W is circular, the diameter is, for example, not less than 0.3 mm and not more than 0.5 mm, typically 0.4 ± 0.05 mm. When the cross-sectional shape of the superelastic wire W is a quadrangle, the length of two adjacent sides of the quadrangle is, for example, 0.26 mm or more and 0.44 mm or less, and the superelastic wire W is equivalent to the case where the cross-sectional shape is a circle. Selected to have the following mechanical properties: The length of the superelastic wire W is appropriately selected according to the length of the patient's dental arch. A specific example of the superelastic wire W is a NiTi alloy superelastic wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and a diameter of 0.4 mm. The super elastic wire W is attached by being passed through slots of a plurality of brackets attached to the patient's upper teeth or lower teeth.

  The coil spring S shown in FIG. 1B includes a coil spring having a spring constant of 50 N / m to 200 N / m, preferably 50 N / m to 150 N / m, and more preferably 100 ± 30 N / m. 2A and 2B are enlarged views of the coil spring S, FIG. 2A is a natural state in which the coil spring S is not compressed (a state in which the length of the coil spring S is equal to the natural length), and FIG. It shows the state compressed to almost the limit. The coil spring S is, for example, a wire made of a stainless steel wire having a circular cross-sectional shape with a diameter of 0.15 mm or more and 0.3 mm or less, or other materials having the same mechanical properties, or these wires. It is formed by spirally winding a material coated with a resin such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) that is harmless and safe even if used on the surface of the mouth. The coil spring S has a quadrangular (rectangular or square) cross-sectional shape, and is made of a stainless steel wire having other mechanical properties equivalent to the stainless steel wire having the circular cross-sectional shape described above, or other materials. You may form by winding a wire, the wire etc. which performed the coating similar to the above on the surface of these wires spirally. According to the knowledge of the present inventor, the coil spring S enlarges the interdental distance among the superelastic wires W attached through the slots of a plurality of brackets attached to the upper or lower jaw teeth of the patient. The spring constant is maintained substantially the same for a certain period of time, for example, about 1 to 3 weeks after being inserted through the portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth to be made and attached in a compressed state. However, it is desirable to have a time constant characteristic of the spring constant so that the elasticity decreases thereafter, the spring constant decreases, and finally the elasticity is hardly exhibited. By doing so, the force acting in the axial direction can be maintained only for a certain period due to the elasticity of the coil spring S, and thereby the teeth can be prevented from rotating excessively. As a typical example of the coil spring S, a diameter obtained by coating polytetrafluoroethylene with a thickness of 0.05 mm on the outer peripheral surface of a stainless steel wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and a diameter of 0.2 mm. It is formed by spirally winding a 0.3 mm wire or another wire having mechanical properties equivalent to this wire. Even when the coil spring S is formed using wires of the same material, the spring constant may vary depending on the magnitude of tension applied when the coil spring S is wound spirally. The inner diameter and outer diameter of the coil spring S are selected as necessary. For example, the inner diameter is 0.6 mm to 1.0 mm, and the outer diameter is 1.2 mm to 1.8 mm. Further, the number of turns per unit length of the coil spring S is selected as necessary as long as the spring constant is in the range of 50 N / m to 200 N / m. The total length of the coil spring S in the uncompressed natural state is such that the total length of the coil spring S in a compressed state (for example, a state compressed to almost the limit) during use increases the interdental distance. It chooses so that it may become a little shorter than the space | interval (distance between the mutually opposing side surfaces of a pair of brackets) between the brackets mounted on the pair of teeth.

  What should be noted here is that the spring constant of a coil spring made of stainless steel or NiTi alloy conventionally used in combination with a stainless steel wire in order to increase the distance between teeth is about 250 N / m to 650 N / m. The spring constant of the coil spring S is 50 N / m or more and 200 N / m or less, which is considerably smaller than m.

[How to use orthodontic set]
As an example, as shown in FIG. 3A, when the right canine 3R is in a position shifted to the mesial side and the right side incisor 2R is shifted to the lingual side in the maxillary anterior tooth (lingual shift) Next, the case where the canine 3R is moved to the distal side to increase the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R, and the canine 3R is moved to a normal position will be described. However, here, the central incisor 1R is fixed by some method (for example, the right central incisor 1R and the left central incisor 1L are fixed and fixed), and the like so as not to move. Shall. By moving the canine 3R to a normal position, there is a space between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R, and the side incisor 2R can be moved to the lip side to be in the normal position.

  First, as shown in FIG. 3A, right and left middle incisors 1L and 1R, right and left side incisors 2L and 2R, right and left canines 3L and 3R, right and left first premolars (FIG. (Not shown) and the right and left first premolars by attaching a bracket B to the front center of the crown of the right and left second premolars (not shown) using a dental adhesive. A bondable tube (not shown) is similarly bonded to the substantially central portion of the front surface of the crown portion. Then, the slots of the brackets B are arranged so that the coil spring S is positioned between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R that are intended to increase the interdental distance of the superelastic wire W that has been inserted through the coil spring S in advance. The both ends of the superelastic wire W are passed through the bondable tube, and both ends protruding rearward from the bondable tube are bent and fixed to the bondable tube. A module (not shown) is attached to each bracket B in order to prevent the superelastic wire W from being detached from the slot of the bracket B. In this state, the coil spring S is compressed to a natural length, for example, a state close to the limit, so that the coil spring S is attached to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R by trying to extend. Both ends are in contact with a pair of opposite side surfaces of the pair of brackets B and are pressed toward the mesial side and the distal side, respectively. The force that the coil spring S presses the pair of opposite side surfaces of the pair of brackets B is the difference between the spring constant of the coil spring S and the natural length of the coil spring S and the length of the compressed coil spring S. Is represented by kΔ, and decreases as the coil spring S extends, in other words, as Δ decreases. Δ immediately after the coil spring S is attached between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R is selected as necessary, but is generally selected from 1.5 mm to 3.0 mm, for example. Further, in this state, the superelastic wire W is usually not strongly stretched, and therefore the force acting on the bracket B by the superelastic wire W is weak.

  As described above, both ends of the coil spring S inserted by the superelastic wire W press the pair of opposite side surfaces of the pair of brackets B attached to the central incisors 1R and the canines 3R, thereby The axial force of the coil spring S is applied to the side of the bracket B attached to 1R on the mesial side, and the axial side of the coil spring S is applied to the side of the bracket B attached to the canine 3R on the distal side. Forces are applied, and these forces are transmitted to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R via the bracket B. Thus, when the state in which the force is applied to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R by the coil spring S continues, the canine 3R gradually moves to the distal side. Thus, as the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R increases, the coil spring S gradually extends, and the axial force of the coil spring S also decreases accordingly. The coil spring S eventually extends almost completely. At this time, depending on the coil spring S, almost no force is applied to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R. If the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R does not reach the target distance, the coil spring S is replaced with a new one, and the force is applied to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R again, so that the intermediate incisor 1R This is repeated until the distance between the teeth and the canine 3R reaches the target distance. Thus, as shown in FIG. 3B, the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R is increased to a target distance. Thereafter, the superelastic wire W and the coil spring S are removed.

  As described above, when the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R is increased and then the panoramic X-ray image is taken to examine the state of the tooth, it is confirmed that the tooth is moving in parallel.

  The use of the orthodontic set comprising the super elastic wire W and the coil spring S enables the parallel movement of the teeth with almost no damage to the tissue, and the interdental distance can be increased. This has been demonstrated by the results of long-term orthodontic treatment. The mechanism that makes it possible to increase the interdental distance by using the super elastic wire W and the coil spring S that is considerably weaker than the conventional one has not been theoretically completely clarified yet. Attempt to theoretically explain the mechanism.

Now, as an example, consider the case where the interdental distance between the right central incisor 1R and the right canine 3R is enlarged as shown in FIG. 4A, as described above. Here, FIG. 4A is a schematic view of these central incisors 1R and canines 3R as viewed from the root to the crown (the same applies to FIGS. 4B to 4E). However, the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R are each shown in a simplified circle. First, interdental distance between central incisors 1R and canines 3R is assumed to be x _0. As described above, the super elastic wire W is attached through the slots SL of the plurality of brackets B attached to the maxillary teeth. At that time, the coil spring S is attached to a portion between the pair of brackets B attached to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R in the superelastic wire W in a state where the coil spring S is compressed almost to the limit. At this time, in the same manner as described above, the compressed coil spring S tends to extend, so that the pair of side surfaces of the pair of brackets B attached to the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R are opposed to each other on the mesial side and An axial force f of the coil spring S is applied to the centrifugal side. Here, similarly to the above, it is considered that the movement amount of the central incisor 1R can be ignored. Only the force f acting on the bracket B attached to the canine 3R is considered, and only the movement of the canine 3R is considered.

As shown in FIG. 4A, the super elastic wire W passed through the slot SL of the bracket B attached to the canine 3R is separated from the tooth axis TX of the canine 3R by a distance r. For this reason, the force f acting in the axial direction of the coil spring S generates a clockwise moment of magnitude M = f × r around the tooth axis TX of the canine 3R. Here, f = kΔ (Δ is the difference between the natural length of the coil spring S and the length of the compressed coil spring S). FIG. 5A shows a state where the canine 3R is planted in the alveolar bone AB. Periodontal ligament PM exists between the root of the canine 3R and the alveolar bone AB. G indicates gingiva. FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of the canine 3R, periodontal ligament PM, and alveolar bone AB perpendicular to the tooth axis TX. Periodontal ligament PM consists of fibrous connective tissue, is rich in blood vessels and nerves, and contains various cells such as osteoclasts and osteoblasts in addition to fibroblasts. The periodontal ligament PM is a flexible tissue and can be easily deformed when a force is applied. In this case, when the moment M acts, the canine 3R tries to rotate clockwise around the tooth axis TX. At this time, as shown in FIG. 5C, since both surfaces of the periodontal ligament PM are bonded to the canine 3R and the alveolar bone AB, the shearing force SF acts on the periodontal ligament PM, and the entire periodontal ligament PM undergoes shear deformation. It occurs and is pressed. The shear deformation in the periodontal membrane PM has occurred, P ₁ of P _1, P ₂ point in mutually opposing positions of both sides of the periodontal membrane PM shown in FIG. 5B is moved in a clockwise direction in FIG. 5C It is shown that As the periodontal ligament PM is compressed by the rotation of the canine 3R, in the alveolar bone AB on the periodontal ligament PM side, the generation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is activated as a whole, and the bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is absorbed. At the same time, the bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is regenerated. On the other hand, as a result of the force f exerted by the coil spring S, the periodontal ligament PM is almost uniformly compressed in the entire direction of the tooth axis TX in the one half of the distal side of the canine 3R, and conversely the mesial side of the canine 3R. In the almost half on one side, the periodontal ligament PM is similarly pulled substantially uniformly in the entire direction of the tooth axis TX. In this case, the periodontal ligament PM is compressed by the rotation of the canine 3R, and the generation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is activated throughout the alveolar bone AB on the periodontal ligament PM side. In the alveolar bone AB on the compressed periodontal ligament PM, around one half of the bone, the generation of osteoclasts becomes more active, whereby the bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is absorbed and the vicinity of the canine 3R In the alveolar bone AB on the pulled periodontal ligament PM around approximately one half of the heart side, the generation of osteoblasts becomes more active, whereby the bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is regenerated. As a result, the canine 3R gradually moves to the centrifugal side while rotating around the tooth axis TX. At this time, bone resorption and regeneration on the surface of the alveolar bone AB are performed substantially uniformly in the entire direction of the tooth axis TX of the canine 3R, and the canine 3R moves in parallel.

As shown in FIG. 4B, as a result of the continuous application of the force f by the coil spring S, the canine 3R rotates clockwise by an angle ω ₁ around the tooth axis TX, and the canine 3R slightly moves to the distal side, The interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R is increased to x ₁ (x ₁ > x ₀ ). At this time, as the canine 3R is rotated by the angle ω ₁ , the bracket B is also rotated by the same angle ω _{1. As} a result, the superelastic wire W passed through the slot SL of the bracket B becomes closer to the mesial side of the bracket B. By being pushed to the lip side at the corner portion between the side surface and the bottom surface of the slot SL, the corner portion is bent toward the lip side. As a result, a tension of a magnitude corresponding to the degree of bending acts on the superelastic wire W. In addition, the super elastic wire W is attached to the bracket B and restrained by the slot of the bracket B, so that the super elastic wire W is placed on the tongue side at the corner between the distal side of the bracket B and the bottom of the slot SL. It can be bent. As a result, a tension of a magnitude corresponding to the degree of bending acts on the superelastic wire W. The reason why the super elastic wire W is bent by the rotation of the bracket B is that the super elastic wire W is extremely flexible. Since the tension generated by bending the superelastic wire W as described above works in a form that antagonizes the force f applied to the side surface of the bracket B by the coil spring S, the canine 3R is not inclined and the teeth Slowly rotate around axis TX.

As shown in FIG. 4C, as a result of the force f being continuously applied by the coil spring S, the canine 3R rotates clockwise around the tooth axis TX by an angle ω ₂ (ω ₂ > ω ₁ ) and the canine 3R. Further moves to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R increases to x ₂ (x ₂ > x ₁ ). Along with the canine 3R is angle omega ₂ rotates, superelastic wire W is pushed by the labial side corner between mesial side and a bottom surface of the slot SL of the bracket B, the distal side of the bracket B By being pushed by the lingual side at the corners of the side surface and the bottom surface of the slot SL, these corners are bent greatly on the lip side and the lingual side. As a result, a greater tension acts on the superelastic wire W.

When the canine tooth 3R is rotated by an angle ω ₂ , the coil spring S is fully extended and is almost a natural length. As a result, the force f exerted by the coil spring S becomes almost zero, and there is no longer any force for rotating the canine 3R clockwise around the tooth axis TX. At this time, the tension acting on the superelastic wire W causes a force to restore the initial position before the superelastic wire W is bent, and this force causes the canine 3R to rotate counterclockwise around the tooth axis TX. Rotate to Then, as shown in FIG. 4D, the canine 3R rotates counterclockwise to the angle ω ₁ . After a further time has elapsed, as shown in FIG. 4E, the canine 3R further rotates counterclockwise and finally rotates to the initial state shown in FIG. 4A. At this time, the bending of the superelastic wire W is almost complete. Eliminate. In this case, even in the process in which the canine 3R rotates counterclockwise around the tooth axis TX, generation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts occurs in the entire alveolar bone AB on the periodontal ligament PM side by pressing the periodontal ligament PM. Is activated, bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is absorbed, and bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is regenerated. When the coil spring S is fully extended at the time shown in FIG. 4C, the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R hardly changes in the process in which the canine 3R rotates counterclockwise. Therefore, in this case, interdental distance x ₄ between the central incisor 1R and canine 3R in the state shown in interdental distance x ₃ and 4E the incisors 1R and canine 3R in the state shown in FIG. 4D, FIG. 4C It is almost the same as the interdental distance x ₂ between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R. On the other hand, when the coil spring S is not yet fully extended at the time shown in FIG. 4C and there is an extension allowance, the canine 3R is somewhat rotated in the process of rotating counterclockwise. The interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R slightly increases. Therefore, in this case, interdental distance x ₄ between the central incisor 1R and canine 3R in the state shown in interdental distance x ₃ and 4E the incisors 1R and canine 3R in the state shown in FIG. 4D, FIG. 4C It is slightly greater than the interdental distance x ₂ between the central incisors 1R and canine 3R in the state shown in.

  When the coil spring S has been extended due to use for a certain period, the coil spring S is replaced with a new one, and the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R is continuously increased. The treatment is continued until the interdental distance between the central incisor 1R and the canine 3R reaches the target distance.

  A specific example in which orthodontic treatment for actually expanding the interdental distance using the super elastic wire W and the coil spring S will be described.

  6A is a photograph of a NiTi alloy superelastic wire used as the superelastic wire W. FIG. This NiTi alloy superelastic wire has a circular cross-sectional shape and a diameter of 0.4 mm. FIG. 6B is a photograph of a ligature wire coil spring used as the coil spring S. The used ligation wire is a wire having a diameter of 0.3 mm, in which the outer peripheral surface of a stainless steel wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and having a diameter of 0.2 mm is coated with PTFE with a thickness of 0.05 mm. FIG. 6C shows this ligation wire. A coil spring is formed by winding this ligature wire around a straight stainless steel wire having a circular cross-sectional shape with a diameter of 0.9 mm in a spiral shape at a relatively large pitch. Apply force to compress to a certain length. Thereafter, the stainless steel wire was pulled out. The ligated wire coil spring had an outer diameter of about 1.5 mm and an inner diameter of about 0.9 mm. When the spring constant of the coil spring made of ligature wire was measured, it was about 98 N / m (about 10 gw / mm). This spring constant is extremely small, about 1/6, compared with the spring constant (about 600 N / m) of a conventional stainless steel coil spring used in combination with a stainless steel wire. In this case, in this coil spring, if Δ = 2 mm, f = kΔ = 10 gw / mm × 2 mm = 20 gw, which is an extremely small force. In conventional common sense, it has been thought that a coil spring that is extremely weak and can generate only a small force cannot move the teeth to increase the interdental distance.

  7A to 7C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth taken at the first visit of patient 1 before orthodontic treatment, taken from the front, right side, and left side. As shown in FIGS. 7A to C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is shifted to the mesial side on the lower lip side, and the interdental distance with the middle incisor is small, and the side incisor Recedes to the lingual side (lingual translocation). In the lower anterior teeth, the distance between the right central incisor and the left central incisor is small, the distance between the right central incisor and the right canine is small, and the right side incisor is the tongue. Retracted to the side (translation of the lingual side).

  8A to 8C show a state in which the NiTi alloy superelastic wire shown in FIG. 6A is attached to the maxillary and mandibular teeth using a bracket. 8A to 8C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth taken from the front, right side, and left side. In the maxillary anterior teeth, the coil spring made of ligation wire shown in FIG. 6B is inserted into the portion between the right central incisor and the right canine of the NiTi alloy superelastic wire attached to the bracket, And it attached in the compressed state. Similarly, in the lower anterior teeth of the NiTi alloy superelastic wire attached to the bracket, the portion between the right central incisor and the right canine and the right central incisor and the left side incisor. A coil spring made of a ligating wire was inserted through the portion between the two and attached in a compressed state. The NiTi alloy superelastic wire is used for leveling and alignment of upper and lower teeth, correction of the dental arch form, and some correction (approximately 80%) of the torsion teeth, as in the past.

  FIGS. 9A to 9C show front, right and left sides of a patient's upper and lower jaw teeth after about one year and five months and one week after attaching a coil spring made of a NiTi alloy superelastic wire and a ligation wire to the upper and lower teeth. It is a photograph taken from. As shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine moves obviously to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and the right canine increases. As the target distance is reached, the coil spring made of ligature wire has been removed. By increasing the interdental distance between the right middle incisor and the right canine, the right side incisor could be moved to the labial side. Further, in the lower anterior teeth, the interdental distance is still insufficiently expanded, and it is necessary to continuously increase the interdental distance by combining a NiTi alloy superelastic wire and a ligature wire coil spring.

  FIG. 10 shows a panoramic radiograph of patient 1 taken before the start of orthodontic treatment. FIG. 11 shows panoramic radiographs of the patient 1 taken after the initial treatment has progressed to the states shown in FIGS. As apparent from comparing FIG. 11 with FIG. 10, the right canine tooth has moved in parallel as compared to before the start of treatment, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and the right canine tooth has increased. Yes.

  12A to 12C are photographs obtained by photographing the upper and lower jaw teeth at the first visit of the patient 2 before orthodontic treatment from the front, right side, and left side. As shown in FIGS. 12A to 12C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is shifted to the mesial side on the lower lip side, and the interdental distance with the right central incisor is small, The side incisors of the left side are retracted to the lingual side (lingual side shift), and the left canine is shifted to the mesial side on the lower lip side, and the interdental distance from the left central incisor is small, The left side incisor is retracted to the lingual side (lingual translocation).

  13A to 13C show a state where the NiTi alloy super elastic wire shown in FIG. 6A is attached to the maxillary tooth using a bracket. However, FIGS. 13A to 13C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth taken from the front, right side, and left side. In the maxillary anterior teeth, among the NiTi alloy super elastic wires attached to the bracket, the portion between the right central incisor and the right canine and the portion between the left central incisor and the left canine respectively A coil spring made of ligating wire was inserted through this portion and attached in a compressed state.

  14A to 14C are photographs taken from the front, the right side and the left side of the patient's upper and lower jaw teeth after about 10 months and 3 weeks have passed since the NiTi alloy super elastic wire and ligation wire coil spring were attached to the upper jaw tooth. is there. As shown in FIGS. 14A to 14C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is clearly moved to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and the right canine is increased. At the same time, the left canine moves to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the left central incisor and the left canine increases.

  FIG. 15 shows a panoramic radiograph of patient 2 taken before the start of orthodontic treatment. FIG. 16 shows panoramic X-rays of the patient 2 taken after the initial treatment has progressed to the states shown in FIGS. As is clear from comparison of FIG. 16 with FIG. 15, the right canine and left canine have moved in parallel compared to before the start of treatment, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and right canine and the left The interdental distance between the central incisor and the left canine is increasing.

  17A to 17C are photographs obtained by photographing the upper and lower jaw teeth at the first visit of the patient 3 before performing orthodontic treatment from the front, right side, and left side. As shown in FIGS. 17A to 17C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is shifted to the mesial side on the lower lip side, and the interdental distance with the right central incisor is small, Side incisors are retracted to the lingual side (lingual translocation).

  18A to 18C show a state in which the NiTi alloy superelastic wire shown in FIG. 6A is attached to the maxillary teeth using a bracket. 18A to 18C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth taken from the front, right side, and left side. In the maxillary anterior teeth, the coil spring made of ligation wire was inserted into the portion between the right central incisor and the right canine of the NiTi alloy superelastic wire attached to the bracket and compressed. Installed in the state.

  FIGS. 19A to 19C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth of a patient from the front, the right side, and the left side after about 11 months have passed since the NiTi alloy superelastic wire and ligation wire coil spring were attached to the upper jaw teeth. As shown in FIGS. 19A to 19C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is clearly moved to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and the right canine is increased. .

  FIG. 20 shows a panoramic radiograph of patient 3 taken before the start of orthodontic treatment. FIG. 21 shows a panoramic X-ray photograph of the patient 3 taken after the initial treatment has progressed to the states shown in FIGS. As apparent from comparing FIG. 21 with FIG. 20, the right canine tooth has moved in parallel compared to before the start of treatment, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and the right canine tooth has increased. Yes.

  22A to 22C are photographs obtained by photographing the upper and lower jaw teeth at the first visit of the patient 4 before performing orthodontic treatment from the front, right side, and left side. As shown in FIGS. 22A to 22C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is shifted to the mesial side on the lower lip side, and the interdental distance with the right central incisor is small. The side incisors of the left side are retracted to the lingual side (lingual side shift), and the left canine is shifted to the mesial side on the lower lip side, and the interdental distance from the left central incisor is small, The left side incisor is retracted to the lingual side (lingual translocation).

  FIGS. 23A to C show a state in which the NiTi alloy superelastic wire shown in FIG. 6A is attached to the maxillary and mandibular teeth using a bracket. However, FIGS. 23A to 23C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth taken from the front, right side and left side. In the maxillary anterior teeth, among the NiTi alloy super elastic wires attached to the bracket, the portion between the right central incisor and the right canine and the portion between the left central incisor and the left canine respectively A coil spring made of ligating wire was inserted through this portion and attached in a compressed state.

  FIGS. 24A to 24C are photographs taken from the front, the right side, and the left side of the patient's upper and lower jaw teeth after about 7 months and 2 weeks have passed since the NiTi alloy superelastic wire and ligation wire coil spring were attached to the upper jaw tooth. is there. As shown in FIGS. 24A to 24C, in this state, in the upper anterior teeth, the right canine is clearly moved to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and the right canine is increased. At the same time, the left canine moves to the distal side, and the interdental distance between the left central incisor and the left canine increases.

  FIG. 25 shows a panoramic radiograph of patient 4 taken before the start of orthodontic treatment. FIG. 26 shows panoramic radiographs of the patient 4 taken after the initial treatment has progressed to the states shown in FIGS. As is clear from comparison of FIG. 26 with FIG. 25, the right canine and left canine have moved in parallel compared to before the start of treatment, and the interdental distance between the right central incisor and right canine and the left The interdental distance between the central incisor and the left canine is increasing.

  As described above, according to the first embodiment, by using the superelastic wire W and the coil spring S in combination in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment, the rotation and inclination of the teeth are not finally caused. The interdental distance can be increased.

<2. Second Embodiment>
[Orthodontic set]
In the second embodiment, an orthodontic set including an orthodontic wire 11 and a bracket 201 to be described later will be described in addition to the superelastic wire W and the coil spring S that constitute the orthodontic set according to the first embodiment. .

[Orthodontic wire]
27A to 27D show the orthodontic wire 11. 27A is a plan view, FIG. 27B is a right side view, FIG. 27C is a left side view, and FIG. 27D is a front view.

As shown in FIGS. 27A to 27D, the orthodontic wire 11 has a substantially straight first portion 11a, a substantially straight second portion 11b, and a central arch-shaped third portion from one end to the other end. 11c, a substantially straight fourth portion 11d and a substantially straight fifth portion 11e, and is made of an overall arched metal wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape. The length of the short side of the rectangular cross section of the metal wire is a, and the length of the long side is b (b> a). FIG. 27E shows a cross-sectional shape along the line EE of the first portion 11a shown in FIG. 27A. In the orthodontic wire 11 suitable for orthodontic treatment by extracting the first premolar, this metal wire is a × b = (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56). ± 0.05 mm) stainless steel wire or a cross-sectional shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire at a similarity ratio of 1: p (where 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1). It consists of a wire made of a metal other than stainless steel having the same mechanical properties as a stainless steel wire. On the other hand, in the orthodontic wire 11 that is suitable for orthodontic treatment by extracting the second premolar, this metal wire is a × b = (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0 .64 ± 0.05 mm) or a cross-sectional shape similar to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire with a similarity ratio of 1: p (where 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1) The wire is made of a metal other than stainless steel having the same mechanical properties as the stainless steel wire. Here, the first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e are substantially located in the first plane, the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d are substantially located in the second plane, and the third portion 11c is substantially in the third plane. Located in. The long side of the rectangular cross section of the metal wire is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane. In this case, the first plane on which the first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e are located is inclined at an angle θ ₁ with respect to the second plane on which the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d are located. The third plane on which the third portion 11c is located is the same side as the first plane on which the first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e are located with respect to the second plane on which the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d are located. It is the angle theta ₂ inclined. In an orthodontic wire 11 suitable for use in orthodontic treatment by extracting the first premolar, θ ₁ and θ ₂ are 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less, and typically 15 ° or more and 22 °. For example, 20 ° or less. Typically, θ ₁ = θ ₂ , but is not limited to this. On the other hand, in the orthodontic wire 11 suitable for use in orthodontic treatment by extracting the second premolar, θ ₁ is 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less, and typically 10 ° or more and 17 °. Hereinafter, it is, for example, 15 °. Typically, θ ₁ = θ ₂ , but is not limited to this. If necessary, it may be different from each other and theta ₁ of theta ₁ and the right half of the left half of the orthodontic wire 11, may be different from the _second left half theta and theta ₂ of the right half from each other . The first portion 11a has a length L ₁ which can be passed tension in the first molar of the left or right side of the upper or lower jaw of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The second portion 11b has a length L ₂ that can be passed tension to the left or right side of the first premolar and the second premolar. The third portion 11c has a length L ₃ that can be passed tension across the front teeth. The fourth portion 11d has a length L ₄ which can be passed tension to the first premolars and the second premolars of the left or right. The fifth portion 11e has a length L ₅ that can be passed tension to the left or right side of the first molar. L _{1 to} L ₅ are appropriately selected according to the patient performing orthodontic treatment. To give specific examples, the length L ₁ of the first portion 11a and the length L ₅ of the fifth portion 11e are, for example, 5 mm or more. 18mm or less, the length L ₄ of length L ₂ and the fourth portion 11e of the second portion 11b is, for example, 7mm or 20mm or less, the length L ₃ of the third portion 11c is less than 80mm for example 40mm or more. The bent portion at the boundary between the first portion 11a and the second portion 11b is the tip back bend portion B _TB , and the bent portion at the boundary between the second portion 11b and the third portion 11c is the torque holding bend portion B _TH . Similarly, the bent portion at the boundary between the fifth portion 11e and the fourth portion 11d is the tip back bend portion B _TB , and the bent portion at the boundary between the fourth portion 11d and the third portion 11c is the torque holding bend portion B _TH . .

  The metal wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape constituting the orthodontic wire 11 is most preferably used when the orthodontic wire 11 extracts the first premolar and performs orthodontics. If it is, the stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross section of a × b = 0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″ (0.41 mm × 0.56 mm), the orthodontic wire 11 is the second. When it is suitable for use in orthodontic treatment by extracting premolars, a rectangular cross of a × b = 0.177 ″ × 0.025 ″ (0.43 mm × 0.64 mm) A stainless steel wire having a surface shape is used, but is not limited thereto.

[Method of manufacturing orthodontic wire]
A first example of a method for manufacturing the orthodontic wire 11 will be described.
As shown in FIG. 28A, a metal wire 20 having the same rectangular cross-sectional shape as the orthodontic wire 11 and curved in an arch shape in advance is prepared.

Next, as shown in FIG. 28B, the metal wire 20 is bent at an angle θ _{1 in a} direction perpendicular to the long side of the rectangle of the cross section of the metal wire 20 at a point A having a length L ₁ from one end, 11a is formed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 28C, the metal wire 20 is bent at the angle θ ₂ in the same manner from the point A to the point B of the length L ₂ to form the second portion 11b.

Next, as shown in FIG. 28D, in the same manner, the metal wire 20 is bent from the other end by an angle θ _{1 at a} point C of a length L ₅ to form the fifth portion 11e.

Next, as shown in FIG. 28E, the metal wire 20 is bent at the angle θ ₂ in the same manner from the point C to the point D having the length L ₄ to form the fourth portion 11d. A portion between the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the metal wire 20 becomes a third portion 11c.

  Thus, as shown in FIG. 28F, the intended orthodontic wire 11 is manufactured.

  The 2nd example of the manufacturing method of this orthodontic wire 11 is demonstrated.

  As shown in FIG. 29A, a straight metal wire 20 having a length corresponding to the entire length of the orthodontic wire 11 and having the same rectangular cross-sectional shape as the orthodontic wire 11 is prepared.

Next, as shown in FIG. 29B, the metal wire 20 is bent at an angle θ ₁ perpendicularly to the long side of the rectangle of the cross section of the metal wire 20 at a point A having a length L ₁ from one end, 11a is formed.

Next, as shown in FIG. 29C, the metal wire 20 is bent at the angle θ ₂ in the same manner from the point A to the point B of the length L ₂ to form the second portion 11b.

Next, as shown in FIG. 29D, similarly, the metal wire 20 is bent at an angle θ ₁ from the other end at a point of length L ₅ to form a fifth portion 11 e, and further from that point, a length L ₄ The fourth portion 11d is formed by bending the angle θ ₂ at this point. A portion between the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the metal wire 20 becomes a third portion 11c.

  Next, as shown in FIG. 29E, the entire metal wire 20 bent in four places in this way is bent in an arch shape.

  Thus, the intended orthodontic wire 11 is manufactured.

  A third example of the method for producing the orthodontic wire 11 will be described.

  In this manufacturing method, the straight metal wire 20 is bent in an arch shape, and then bent at four points A, B, C, and D in the same manner as the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. Thus, the orthodontic wire 11 is manufactured.

  A fourth example of the method for manufacturing the orthodontic wire 11 will be described.

  In this manufacturing method, an arch-shaped or linear metal wire 20 is prepared, and the metal wire 20 is press-molded using a predetermined mold, whereby four points of points A, B, C, and D are provided. The orthodontic wire 11 is manufactured by bending at once.

[Pliers for manufacturing orthodontic wires]
An orthodontic wire manufacturing pliers suitable for use in manufacturing the orthodontic wire 11 by bending will be described.

  FIG. 30 is a side view of the orthodontic wire manufacturing pliers 100, FIGS. 31 and 32 are perspective views seen from two different directions, and FIG. 33 is a side view of a state where the jaw is closed, A front view with the jaws closed is shown in FIG.

  As shown in FIGS. 30 to 34, this pliers 100 for manufacturing an orthodontic wire has a first arm 101 and a second arm 102. The 1st arm 101 and the 2nd arm 102 have the shape curved in the substantially S shape which consists of a gentle curve as a whole. FIG. 30 shows a state in which the first arm 101 and the second arm 102 are opened. The first arm 101 and the second arm 102 are connected to each other in an X shape by a connecting shaft 103 so as to be rotatable around the connecting shaft 103. The connecting shaft 103 is composed of a cylindrical convex portion provided on the surface of the first arm 101 facing the second arm 102, and this convex portion is provided on the surface of the second arm 102 facing the first arm 101. It is fitted in a cylindrical hole.

  The first arm 101 has a jaw 104 at the front end and a grip 105 on the rear end side. The outer surface of the handle 105 is covered with a grip 106 made of, for example, a tubular plastic molded product. Similarly, the 2nd arm 102 has the jaw part 107 in the front end, and has the grip handle 108 in the rear end side. The outer surface of the grip handle 108 is covered with a grip 109 made of, for example, a plastic molded product. The material of the first arm 101 and the second arm 102 is not particularly limited as long as it is a material having a sufficiently high mechanical strength capable of bending a metal wire such as a stainless steel wire. For example, a steel material (carbon Tool steel, machine structural carbon steel, etc.).

A clamping part 110 is provided on the distal end side of the jaw part 104 of the first arm 101 in a state of protruding slightly inward. Similarly, a clamping portion 111 is provided on the distal end side of the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102 in a state of slightly protruding inward. 35A is a cross-sectional view (enlarged cross-sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 30) of the clamping portion 110 of the jaw portion 104 of the first arm 101, and FIG. 35B is a clamping portion of the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102. FIG. 35C is a cross-sectional view showing the sandwiching portion 110 and the sandwiching portion 111 in a state where the jaw portion 104 and the jaw portion 107 are closed. . As shown in FIGS. 30 to 34 and FIG. 35A, the first arm 101 is placed on the surface of the clamping part 110 of the jaw part 104 of the first arm 101 that faces the clamping part 111 of the jaw part 107 of the second arm 102. A convex portion 112 (see FIG. 5) having a triangular prism shape is provided so as to extend along the direction. Further, as shown in FIGS. 30 to 34 and FIG. 35B, the second arm is formed on the surface of the clamping part 111 of the jaw part 107 of the second arm 102 facing the clamping part 110 of the jaw part 104 of the first arm 101. A triangular prism-shaped recess 113 (see FIG. 6) extending in a direction along the line 102 is provided. As shown in FIG. 35A, the apex angle φ ₁ of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the convex part 112 of the clamping part 110 of the jaw part 104 of the first arm 101 is 155 ° or more and 173 ° or less, and from this range It is determined according to θ ₁ and θ ₂ of the orthodontic wire 11 to be manufactured. Similarly, as shown in FIG. 35B, the apex angle φ ₂ of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the concave portion 113 of the clamping portion 111 of the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102 is not less than 155 ° and not more than 173 °. equal to the apex angle phi ₁ of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the convex portion 112 of the holding portion 110 of the jaws 104 one arm 101, selected larger than phi _1. When the first arm 101 and the second arm 102 are rotated around the connecting shaft 103 to close the jaw portion 104 of the first arm 101 and the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102, the jaw portion of the first arm 101 The convex part 112 of 104 clamping part 110 and the recessed part 113 of the clamping part 111 of the jaw part 107 of the 2nd arm 102 are comprised so that it may mutually fit. FIG. 35C shows a state where the convex portion 112 of the clamping portion 110 of the jaw portion 104 of the first arm 101 and the concave portion 113 of the clamping portion 111 of the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102 are fitted to each other. FIG. 35C shows a case where φ ₁ = φ ₂ .

[How to use pliers for manufacturing orthodontic wires]
A method of using the pliers 100 for manufacturing the orthodontic wire will be described. Here, although the case where an orthodontic wire is manufactured using an arch-shaped metal wire is considered, the case where a linear metal wire is used is the same.

  As shown in FIGS. 36 and 37, the person who manufactures the orthodontic wire 11 holds the arch-shaped metal wire 20 in one hand (not shown) and the other hand (not shown) The straight wire manufacturing pliers 100 have a first arm 101 grip 106 and a second arm 102 grip 109. Next, with the jaw portion 104 of the first arm 101 and the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102 slightly opened, the convex portion 112 of the clamping portion 110 of the jaw portion 104 and the concave portion 113 of the clamping portion 111 of the jaw portion 107. Pass the metal wire 20 between them. The direction in which the metal wire 20 is passed is a direction orthogonal to the plane formed by the first arm 101 and the second arm 102 and orthogonal to the extending direction of the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 113. Next, the grip handle 106 of the first arm 101 and the grip handle 109 of the second arm 102 are gripped to close the jaw portion 104 and the jaw portion 107, and the metal wire 20 is sandwiched between the convex portion 112 and the concave portion 113. . This state is shown in FIG. 38A. Next, when the grip handle 106 of the first arm 101 and the grip handle 109 of the second arm 102 are more firmly gripped to close the jaw portion 104 and the jaw portion 107 more closely, as shown in FIG. When the central portion of the metal wire 20 supported by is pushed by the tip of the convex portion 112, the metal wire 20 begins to bend. The jaw 104 and the jaw 107 are closed to the limit by grasping the first arm 101 and the second arm 102 more firmly, and the metal wire 20 is completely sandwiched between the slope of the projection 112 and the slope of the recess 113. Touch in contact. After this state is continued for a certain period of time, the gap between the grip handle 106 of the first arm 101 and the grip handle 109 of the second arm 102 is widened to open the jaw portion 104 and the jaw portion 107, and the metal wire that has been bent is finished. 20 is taken out. Then, the position of the metal wire 20 in the longitudinal direction is shifted and the same bending process as described above is performed to manufacture the target orthodontic wire 11 as shown in FIGS.

[How to use orthodontic wire 11]
A method of using the orthodontic wire 11 in orthodontic treatment will be described. When using the orthodontic wire 11, it is determined in advance whether or not a tooth is to be extracted and which tooth is to be extracted, and necessary extraction is performed. Also, leveling and alignment of maxillary teeth and / or mandibular teeth for orthodontic treatment, correction of the dental arch form, and some correction (about 80%) of the torsion teeth are performed.

  Thus, when the upper teeth and / or lower teeth are in an appropriate state for starting the orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire 11, the orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire 11 is performed. In this state, the crown portions of the teeth are usually aligned to some extent, but the directions of the tooth axes are different.

  FIG. 39A is a view of upper teeth viewed from the inside of the oral cavity, and FIG. 39B is a view of lower jaw teeth viewed from the inside of the oral cavity. 39A and 39B, reference numerals 1L and 1R are left and right middle incisors, 2L and 2R are left and right side incisors, 3L and 3R are left and right canines, and 4L and 4R are left sides, respectively. And right first premolars, 5L and 5R are left and right second premolars, 6L and 6R are left and right first premolars, respectively, and 7L and 7R are left and right second premolars, respectively. 8L and 8R represent the left and right third molars, respectively. However, FIGS. 39A and 39B show a case where the teeth are arranged almost ideally.

  As shown in FIG. 39A, the central incisors 1L and 1R of the upper jaw, the side incisors 2L and 2R, the canines 3L and 3R, the first premolars 4L and 4R, and the front surfaces of the crown portions of the second premolars 5L and 5R The bracket 201 is bonded to the substantially central portion using a dental adhesive, and the bondable tube 202 is similarly bonded to the substantially central portion of the front surface of the crown portion of the first molars 6L and 6R. However, actually, the first premolars 4L and 4R or the second premolars 5L and 5R are extracted. And the 1st part 11a, the 3rd part 11c, and the 5th part 11e are turned up with respect to the 2nd part 11b and the 4th part 11d of the orthodontic wire 11, and the 1st part 11a, the 3rd part 11c, and the 5th part 11e Are bent downward with respect to the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d, and in a state of being nearly horizontal, the second portion 11b, the third portion 11c and the orthodontic wire 11 are inserted into the slots of the brackets 201. The first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e of the orthodontic wire 11 are passed through the bondable tube 202 through the fourth portion 11d, and the tip portions of the first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e that protrude rearward from the bondable tube 202 are passed through. The first part 11 a and the fifth part 11 e are fixed to the bondable tube 202 by bending. Accordingly, the first portion 11a is attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the left first molar 6L, and the second portion 11b is attached to the left first premolar 4L and second premolar 5L (actually, the first small The third portion 11c is attached to the front surface of the crown portion of one of the molar 4L and the second premolar 5L), and the third portion 11c is the left and right central incisors 1L and 1R, side incisors 2L and 2R, and canines 3L and 3R. Of the first premolar 4R and the second premolar 5R (actually one of the first premolar 4R and the second premolar 5R). The fifth portion 11e is attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the right first molar 6R. Thereafter, a bondable tube in which one end of a power chain (not shown) selected so that an appropriate horizontal correcting force works in consideration of an appropriate correcting force is attached to one of the first molars 6L and 6R. 202 hooks (see FIG. 41F) and fixed, hooked to each bracket 201 attached to the maxillary anterior teeth while extending the power chain, and attached to the other of the first molars 6L and 6R to the hook of the bondable tube 202 attached Hook the other end of the power chain and fix it. As shown in FIG. 39B, the orthodontic wire 11 is similarly attached to the lower jaw teeth, and the power chain is hooked. The proper horizontal correction force is, for example, a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″), and the front teeth Is moved backward (lowered), generally a force of 100 to 200 g, a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.43 mm x 0.64 mm (0.017 "x 0.025") is used. In the case of using the stainless steel wire having the first molars 6L and 6R to move mesial, the force is generally 300 to 400 g.

  FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a state in which the orthodontic wire 11 is attached to the upper and lower teeth. However, in FIG. 40, only the part which is not covered with gingiva and is exposed outside is shown for both upper and lower teeth.

  The torque angle, angulation angle, offset angle and span (distance between the outer sides of the left and right wings) of the bracket 201 are determined for each tooth. As an example of the bracket 201, brackets 201 for the maxillary right middle incisor, maxillary right side incisor, maxillary right canine, maxillary right first premolar and maxillary right second premolar are shown in FIGS. Show. An example of the bondable tube 202 for the first molars 6L and 6R is shown in FIG. 41F. As an example, the case of using “Microarch Formula R (loss type) maxilla” manufactured by Tommy International Co., Ltd. is as follows. The torque angle of the upper central incisor bracket 201 shown in FIG. 41A is 12 °, the angulation angle is 5 °, the offset angle is 0 °, the span is 3.4 mm, and the upper incisor bracket shown in FIG. 41B. The torque angle of 201 is 8 °, the angulation angle is 9 °, the offset angle is 0 °, the span is 2.6 mm, the torque angle of the upper canine tooth bracket 201 shown in FIG. 41C is −2 °, and the angulation angle. Is 10 °, the offset angle is 4 °, the span is 2.6 mm, the torque angle of the bracket 201 for the maxillary right first premolar and the maxillary right second premolar shown in FIGS. 41D and 41E is −7 °, angle The adjustment angle is 0 °, the offset angle is 2 °, and the span is 2.6 mm. 41A to 41E, reference numeral 201a indicates a slot of the bracket 201. The cross-sectional shape of the slot 201a is generally almost rectangular. The bondable tube 202 has a torque angle of −14 °, an angulation angle of 0 °, an offset angle of 14 °, and a span of 4.0 mm.

  The use of the orthodontic wire 11 has proven that the present inventors have performed orthodontic treatment for many years to enable three-dimensional tooth movement with little damage to the tissue. The mechanism that enables three-dimensional tooth movement by using the orthodontic wire 11 has not yet been completely theoretically elucidated yet, but the following will attempt to explain the mechanism theoretically.

As already described, as shown in FIGS. 27A to 27D, the orthodontic wire 11 has the tip back bend portion B _TB , the second portion 11b and the third portion 11c at the boundary between the first portion 11a and the second portion 11b. boundary torque holding bend B _TH between the fifth portion 11e and the tip back bend B _TB at the boundary between the fourth portion 11d, a fourth portion 11d and the torque holding bend B _TH at the boundary between the third portion 11c Have For this reason, when the orthodontic wire 11 is passed through the slot 201a and the bondable tube 202 of each bracket 201, the third portion 11c has the second portion 11b and the fourth portion centered on the torque holding bend portion _BTH . With respect to the portion 11d, the orthodontic wire 11 for the maxillary teeth is bent downward as shown in FIG. 42, and the orthodontic wire 11 for the mandibular teeth is bent upward as shown in FIG. Bend to. Further, the first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e are arranged in the orthodontic wire 11 for the maxillary teeth with respect to the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d with the tip back bend portion B _TB as the center. As shown in FIG. 43, the orthodontic wire 11 for the lower jaw is bent upward as shown in FIG. As a result, the first portion 11a, the fifth portion 11e, and the third portion 11c are positioned in substantially the same plane. On the other hand, the second portion 11b and a fourth portion 11d, as a result of the third portion 11c is bent relative to the second portion 11b and a fourth portion 11d around the torque holding bend B _TH, orthodontic for maxillary teeth 42, the orthodontic wire 11 for the lower jaw is curved in a mountain shape downward as shown in FIG. If the curvature of the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d is ignored, the orthodontic wire 11 as a whole is located in substantially the same plane. At this time, due to the elasticity of the orthodontic wire 11, in the orthodontic wire 11 for the maxillary teeth, a force that restores the original position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line with respect to the third portion 11c is an arrow in FIG. In the orthodontic wire 11 for the mandibular teeth, the force that restores to the original position indicated by the alternate long and short dash line with respect to the third portion 11c is shown in FIG. As indicated by an arrow in 43, the torque acts vertically downward with respect to the third plane, and as a result, a torque in the rotational direction that inclines the front teeth toward the labial side is applied. This force becomes a correction force in a substantially vertical direction. This force is greater closer to the torque holding bend B _TH, central incisor, lateral incisor, increases in the order of canine, shows the situation in the length of the vertical arrow in FIG. 42 and FIG. 43. For example, when a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross section of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″) is used as the orthodontic wire 11, Tooth and mandibular central incisor are subjected to a force of 100 ± 30 g weight, maxillary incisor and mandibular incisor to a force of 200 ± 50 g weight, and maxillary canine and mandibular canine to a force of 250 ± 50 g Will be added. On the other hand, since the power chain is hooked on each bracket and the bondable tube as described above, a substantially horizontal correction force acts on the lingual side of the orthodontic wire 11.

  44A is attached to maxillary left and right central incisors 1L and 1R, maxillary left and right incisors 2L and 2R, maxillary left and right canines 3L and 3R, and maxillary left and right first premolars 4L and 4R, respectively. An example of a state in which the orthodontic wire 11 is passed through the slot 201a of the bracket 201 is shown, and the dental arch is developed in a plane parallel to the frontal surface so that the orthodontic wire 11 is positioned in the plane. FIG. In FIG. 44A, reference numerals 201b and 201c denote mesial and distal wings of the bracket 201, respectively. FIGS. 44B to 44I show upper right first premolar 4R, upper right canine 3R, upper right incisor 2R, upper right central incisor 1R, upper left central incisor 1L, upper left left incisor 2L, respectively. It is the cross-sectional view to which the orthodontic wire 11 in the slot 201a of the bracket 201 each mounted | worn with the upper left canine 3L and the upper left first premolar 4L is expanded, and the left side of each figure is a front side. What is important here is that the orthodontic wire 11 has a long side of a rectangular cross section in a substantially horizontal direction in the first premolars 4L and 4R, whereas the left central and right central incisors 1L. 1R, maxillary left and right incisors 2L and 2R, and maxillary left and right canines 3L and 3R are rotated and twisted around the central axis of the orthodontic wire 11 and have a rectangular cross section. That is, the side, and therefore, the upper surface of the orthodontic wire 11 is inclined so that the inner side is lower than the horizontal direction. FIG. 45 is an enlarged view of a portion from the upper first premolar 4R to the upper right canine 3R of the orthodontic wire 11 in this state. A plan view of the orthodontic wire 11 in this state is shown in FIG.

For a certain period after the orthodontic wire 11 is attached, the left and right central incisors 1L and 1R, the upper left and right incisors 2L and 2R, and the left and right canines 3L and 3R of the upper jaw The orthodontic wire 11 in the slot 201a is usually in surface contact with the bottom surface or side surface of the slot 201a. When a certain period of time has elapsed since the orthodontic wire 11 is attached, the torque holding bend _BTH is provided on the orthodontic wire 11 so that a force continuously acts in the direction perpendicular to the third plane, and the power chain As a result, the orthodontic wire moves as a result of the movement of the upper left and right middle incisors 1L and 1R, the upper left and right incisors 2L and 2R, and the upper left and right canines 3L and 3R. 11 comes into point contact or line contact with the bottom surface and both side surfaces of the slot 201a of the bracket 201, and is thereafter fixed in this state. In other words, the orthodontic wire 11 is locked in a state of point contact or line contact with the bottom surface and both side surfaces of the slot 201a of the bracket 201. This state is shown in FIGS. 47 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the orthodontic wire 11 is passed through the slot 201a of the bracket 201 attached to the upper right central incisor 1R. FIG. 48 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the orthodontic wire 11 is passed through the slot 201a of the bracket 201 attached to the maxillary right incisor 2R. FIG. 49 is a cross-sectional view showing a state in which the orthodontic wire 11 is passed through the slot 201a of the bracket 201 attached to the upper right canine 3R. The cross-sectional shape and dimensions of the slot 201a of the bracket 201 are appropriately determined according to the orthodontic wire 11 to be used. For example, stainless steel having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″) as the orthodontic wire 11 when the first premolar is extracted and orthodontic is performed. When using the wire made, the slot 201a has a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.56 mm (width) × 0.71 mm (depth) (0.022 ″ × 0.028 ″). Stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.43 mm × 0.64 mm (0.017 ″ × 0.025 ″) as orthodontic wire 11 when the second premolar is extracted and orthodontic is performed The bracket 201 having the same slot 201a is also used when using. As shown in FIG. 47 to FIG. 49, the orthodontic wire 11 is accommodated in a state of the rotation angle Θ with respect to the slot 201a of the rectangular cross-sectional shape, one of Ling E ₁ orthodontic wire 11 slots The bottom surface of 201a is in point contact or line contact, and the two ridges E ₂ and E ₃ on both sides of this ridge E ₁ are in point contact or line contact with both side surfaces of the slot 201a. Θ is typically approximately equal to θ ₂ , for example, if θ ₂ is 20 °, Θ is also approximately 20 °. 47 to 49, for example, when F ₁ and F ₂ have the same size, the angle formed by the resultant force F of F ₁ and F ₂ and the horizontal direction is approximately 45 °, for example. Become. The same applies to the maxillary left central incisor 1L, the maxillary left side incisor 2L, and the maxillary left canine 3L. On the other hand, FIG. 50 is a sectional view showing a state where the orthodontic wire 11 is passed through the slot 201a of the bracket 201 attached to the first premolar 4R. As shown in FIG. 50, the orthodontic wire 11 is accommodated in the slot 201a in a substantially horizontal state, and any portion is in contact with the side surface or the bottom surface of the slot 201a. In this case, the orthodontic wire 11 has play in the slot 201a and is not locked. The above is the same for the upper left first premolar, the same for the upper left and right second premolars, and the same for the lower left and right first premolars and second premolars. It is.

As shown in FIGS. 47 to 49, one ridge E ₁ of the orthodontic wire 11 is in point contact or line contact with the bottom surface of the slot 201a, and two ridges E ₂ and E _{3 on} both sides of the ridge E ₁ are formed. After locking in a state of point contact or line contact with both side surfaces of the slot 201a, each bracket 201 attached to the maxillary right middle incisor 1R, maxillary right side incisor 2R and maxillary right canine 3R has an orthodontic The wire 11 has a substantially horizontal correction force F ₁ and a substantially vertical correction force F ₂ perpendicular to the third plane, and as a result, the resultant force F of F ₁ and F ₂ is applied to each bracket 201 and thus this bracket. 201 is added to the crown portion of the tooth to which 201 is attached. As shown in FIGS. 39A and B, the correction force F ₁ in the substantially horizontal direction is finally set to a temporary point P (for example, the dental arch is reflected by the curvature of the dental arch). It faces the point in the horizontal plane and the midplane. However, the point P does not mean an exact point, but means a region having a certain spread, for example, a circular region having a diameter of about 1 to 10 mm. As a result of the resultant force F applied to the maxillary right middle incisor 1R, maxillary right side incisor 2R and maxillary right canine 3R, finally set as the intersection of the extension lines of the central axes (or tooth axes) of the roots of these teeth These teeth move in a three-dimensional manner so that the roots of these teeth are aligned toward a temporary point (herein referred to as a gathering point GP). However, the set point GP does not mean an exact point, but means a region having a certain spread, for example, a spherical region having a diameter of about 1 to 10 mm. Since the orthodontic wire 11 is in point contact or line contact with the slot 201a as described above, the frictional force between the orthodontic wire 11 and the slot 201a is greatly increased when the tooth body moves. So that the orthodontic wire 11 can move smoothly in the slot 201a. As a result, not only the correction force in the horizontal direction is small, but also the tooth movement can be performed more quickly and smoothly. The same applies to the maxillary left central incisor 1L, maxillary left side incisor 2L and maxillary left canine 3L, and further, the mandibular left and right central incisors, the mandibular left and right side incisors and the mandibular left side. The same applies to the right canine. As described above, the three-dimensional tooth movement of the front teeth is possible, and finally the roots of each tooth can be radially aligned toward the set point GP.

FIG. 51 shows how three-dimensional tooth movement occurs in this way. In FIG. 51, reference numeral 301 indicates alveolar bone, 302 indicates periodontal ligament, 303 indicates teeth, and 304 indicates gingiva. As described above, a substantially horizontal correction force F ₁ and a substantially vertical correction force F ₂ are applied to the teeth 303 by the bracket, and the resultant force F is applied to the teeth 303. As a result, the teeth 303 are indicated by a one-dot chain line. The tooth body moves in three dimensions. At this time, since jigging is not performed, root absorption of the teeth 303 can be effectively prevented.

On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 50, in the bracket 201 attached to the first premolar 4R, the orthodontic wire 11 is accommodated in the slot 201a in a substantially horizontal state, so that the orthodontic force in the horizontal direction is almost horizontal. F ₁ works. In addition to this, in the bracket 201 attached to the first premolar 4R, as shown in FIG. 42, the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the orthodontic wire 11 are curved upward in a mountain shape. As a result, an almost upward force (referred to as F ₃ ) works. As a result, the resultant force of F ₁ and F ₃ is applied to the bracket 201 attached to the first premolar 4R and eventually to the crown portion of the first premolar 4R. As a result of applying this resultant force, finally, the first premolar 4R moves the tooth body so that the extension line of the central axis of the root of the tooth is directed to the set point GP. The above is the same for the upper left first premolar, the same for the upper left and right second premolars, and the same for the lower left and right first premolars and second premolars. It is.

  A method of performing orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire 11 will be described more specifically by taking as an example the case of performing orthodontic treatment of the upper teeth. The same applies to orthodontic treatment of the lower jaw teeth.

(1) When the first premolar is extracted and orthodontic treatment is performed In this case, as shown in FIG. 52A, a rectangular cross section of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″) The orthodontic wire 11 is made of a stainless steel wire having a shape and θ ₁ = θ ₂ = 20 °. In this case, the length L ₄ of the fourth portion 11d has a boundary portion between the right second bicuspid 5R and first molar 6R, distal side of the bracket 201 which is attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the canine 3R Is selected to be approximately equal to the distance between the end face of the tube and the position that is centrifuged 3 to 5 mm. Similarly, the length L ₂ of the second portion 11b is on the left side of the second premolar 5L and the boundary portion between the first molar 6L, bracket 201 which is attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the left canine 3L The distance is selected to be approximately equal to the distance between the end face on the centrifugal side and the position centrifuged 3 to 5 mm.

First, the bracket 201 is bonded to the front surface of the crown portion of each of the patient's upper anterior teeth and premolar teeth, and the bondable tube 202 is bonded to the front surface of the crown portion of the first molar 6R. The orthodontic wire 11 is attached to the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202 by the method. Thus, the orthodontic wire 11 is fixed to the maxillary tooth using the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202. Thereafter, as described above, a power chain (not shown) is hooked on the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202. FIG. 52B shows the dental arch with the orthodontic wire 11 attached as seen from the right side. At this time, tip back bend B _TB of the boundary between the first portion 11a and a second portion 11b in the boundary portion between the second premolar 5L and first molar 6L on the left side, the second portion 11b and the third portion 11c a position boundary torque holding bend B _TH of the 3~5mm centrifuged from the end face of the distal side of the bracket 201 which is attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the left canine 3L and, fifth portion 11e and a fourth portion 11d the tip-back bend _TB of boundary between the right two at the boundary between the premolars 5R and the first molar 6R, torque holding bend B _TH of the boundary between the fourth portion 11b and the third portion 11c right Each of the canine teeth 3R is positioned at a position 3 to 5 mm away from the distal end surface of the bracket 201 attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the canine 3R.

When the orthodontic wire 11 is attached to the patient's upper teeth as described above, finally, the front teeth move three-dimensionally so that the extension line of the central axis of their roots is directed to the set point GP. Similarly, the second premolars 5L and 5R move the tooth body so that the extension line of the central axis of their roots is directed to the set point GP. Then, the space formed by the extraction of the first premolar is closed (or filled) in the process in which the front teeth and the second premolars 5L and 5R move the tooth bodies. At this time, as shown in FIG. 52B, the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the orthodontic wire 11 are curved upward in a mountain shape, but the front surfaces of the crown portions of the second premolars 5L and 5R. When the orthodontic wire 11 is accommodated in the slot 201a of the bracket 201 attached to the bracket 201, the upward bending of the orthodontic wire 11 is restricted by the slot 201a. The upper side surface of the slot 201a of the side wing 201b and the lower side surface of the slot 201a of the centrifugal side wing 201c are brought into contact with each other. As a result, an upward force F ₃ in a direction slightly inclined rearward with respect to the vertical direction is applied to the second premolars 5L and 5R. In this case, the tip back of the first molars 6L and 6R is applied to the first molars 6L and 6R by the first part 11a and the fifth part 11e of the orthodontic wire 11 with the second premolars 5L and 5R as fulcrums. In this case, since the upward force F ₃ is applied to the second premolars 5L and 5R serving as fulcrums as described above, the second premolars 5L and 5R are prevented from protruding. can do. In addition, since the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the orthodontic wire 11 have play in the slot 201a of the bracket 201 and are not locked, the second premolars 5L and 5R and the second small portion of the lower jaw It is possible to prevent the occlusal relationship with the molars 5L and 5R from being damaged. Orthodontics is performed as described above.

(2) When the second premolar is extracted and orthodontic treatment is performed In this case, as shown in FIG. 53A, a rectangular cross section of 0.43 mm × 0.64 mm (0.017 ″ × 0.025 ″) The orthodontic wire 11 is made of a stainless steel wire having a shape and θ ₁ = θ ₂ = 15 °. At this time, the length L ₄ of the fourth portion 11d is approximately equal to the distance between the boundary between the right canine 3R and the first premolar 4R and the mesial side of the right first molar 6R. Equally chosen. Similarly, the length L ₂ of the second portion 11b is approximately the distance between the boundary portion between the left canine 3L and first premolar 4L, a mesial side of the first molar 6L of the left Equally chosen. The distance between the mesial side surface of the first molar 6R and the mesial side end surface of the bondable tube 202 attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the first molar 6R is 3 to 5 mm. Similarly, the distance between the mesial side surface of the first molar 6L and the mesial side end surface of the bondable tube 202 attached to the front surface of the crown portion of the first molar 6L is 3 to 5 mm. It is.

Next, the orthodontic wire 11 is fixed to the maxillary teeth using the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202. Thereafter, as described above, a power chain (not shown) is hooked on the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202. FIG. 53B shows a state where the dental arch with the orthodontic wire 11 attached is viewed from the right side. At this time, tip back bend B _TB of the boundary between the first portion 11a and a second portion 11b on the side of the mesial side of the first molar 6L on the left side, the boundary between the second portion 11b and the third portion 11c the boundary between the torque holding bent portion B _TH is left canine 3L and first premolar 4L, fifth portion 11e and the tip back bend B ₂ of the boundary between the fourth portion 11d right first molar 6R The torque holding bend portion B _{TH at} the boundary between the fourth portion 11b and the third portion 11c is located at the boundary portion between the right canine 3R and the first premolar 4R, respectively.

When the orthodontic wire 11 is attached to the patient's upper teeth as described above, finally, the front teeth move three-dimensionally so that the extension line of the central axis of their roots is directed to the set point GP. Similarly, the first premolars 4L and 4R move the tooth body so that the extension line of the central axis of their roots is directed to the set point GP. In addition, as described later, the first molars 6L and 6R move mesial. Then, while the front teeth and the second premolars 5L and 5R move the tooth bodies, the space formed by the extraction of the second premolars is closed in the process in which the first premolars 6L and 6R move mesial. (Or buried). At this time, as shown in FIG. 53B, the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the orthodontic wire 11 are curved in a mountain shape on the upper side, but the front surfaces of the crown portions of the first premolars 4L and 4R. When the orthodontic wire 11 is accommodated in the slot 201a of the bracket 201 attached to the bracket 201, the upward bending of the orthodontic wire 11 is limited by the slot 201a. The wing 201c is in contact with the upper side surface of the slot 201a and the lower side surface of the slot 201a of the mesial wing 201b. As a result, an upward force F ₃ in a direction slightly inclined forward with respect to the vertical direction is applied to the first premolars 4L and 4R. By applying a force F ₃ slightly inclined forward with respect to the vertical direction, the first premolars 4L and 4R serve as a fixed source to move the first premolars 6L and 6R mesial. On the other hand, in this case, the tip backs of the first molars 6L and 6R are the first molars 6L and 6R by the first part 11a and the fifth part 11e of the orthodontic wire 11 with the first premolars 4L and 4R as fulcrums. However, at this time, since the upward force is applied to the first premolars 4L and 4R serving as fulcrums as described above, the first premolars 4L and 4R are squeezed out. Can be prevented. In addition, since the second portion 11b and the fourth portion 11d of the orthodontic wire 11 have play in the slot 201a of the bracket 201 and are not locked, the first premolars 4L and 4R and the first small portion of the lower jaw It is possible to prevent the occlusal relationship with the molars 4L and 4R from being damaged. Orthodontics is performed as described above.

  A specific example in which orthodontic treatment is actually performed using the orthodontic wire 11 will be described.

  54A to 54C are photographs obtained by photographing the upper and lower jaw teeth at the first visit of the patient before performing orthodontic treatment from the front, right side, and left side. As shown in FIGS. 54A to 54C, in this state, the maxillary dentition protrudes considerably forward due to the maxillary front protrusion, and the tooth arrangement is poor.

  55A to 55C, before starting to use the orthodontic wire 11, leveling and alignment of the upper and lower teeth, correction of the dental arch form, some correction of the torsion teeth (about 80%), and the like. Therefore, after extracting the left and right first premolars of the upper and lower jaw teeth, the super-elastic wire made of NiTi alloy, which has been generally used in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment, has been used. The state attached to the lower jaw teeth is shown. However, FIGS. 55A to 55C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth taken from the front, right side and left side.

56A to 56C are photographs of the upper and lower jaw teeth of the patient taken from the front, the right side, and the left side after about one month and one week have passed since the superelastic orthodontic wires were attached to the upper and lower teeth. As shown in FIGS. 56A to 56C, in this state, the lower teeth are still in poor alignment, but the upper teeth are considerably improved in alignment, and the use of the orthodontic wire 11 can be started. . Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 56A to 56C, the orthodontic wire 11 was attached to the maxillary tooth as described above with the superelastic orthodontic wire attached to the lower jaw tooth. At this point, the left and right canines 3L and 3R are in the angle malocclusion class II state, and in order to move these canines 3L and 3R to the angle malocclusion class I state, The chain is between the bracket 201 attached to the left canine 3L and the bondable tube 202 attached to the left first molar 6L and between the bracket 201 attached to the right canine 3R and the left first large It was hooked between the bondable tube 202 attached to the molar 6R. As the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202, “Microarch Formula R (loss type) maxilla” manufactured by Tommy International Co., Ltd. was used. The slot 201a of the bracket 201 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.56 mm × 0.71 mm (0.022 ″ × 0.028 ″). A photograph of the orthodontic wire 11 used is shown in FIG. 57A. This orthodontic wire 11 is a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″), and θ ₁ = θ ₂ = 20 °. is there. As a power chain, “Pro Chain (Elastomeric Chain for Orthodontics) Part No. 505-0036 Medium Force M Space” manufactured by Dentsu Supply Sankin Co., Ltd. was used. A photograph of the power chain used is shown in FIG. 57B. This power chain uses thermosetting polyurethane, and in the initial unstretched state, a ring with an inner diameter of about 1.2 mm and an outer diameter of about 3 mm is connected with a pitch of about 3.7 mm. .5 mm.

58A to 58C are photographs obtained by photographing the upper and lower jaw teeth of the patient from the front side, the right side, and the left side after about two months and two weeks have passed since the orthodontic wire 11 is attached to the upper teeth. As shown in FIGS. 58A to 58C, the left and right canine teeth 3L and 3R of the upper jaw teeth have moved to the state of angle malocclusion Class I. Further, as shown in FIGS. 58A to 58C, the arrangement of the lower jaw teeth is considerably improved, and the use of the orthodontic wire 11 can be started. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 58A to 58C, the orthodontic wire 11 was attached to the lower jaw teeth. At this point, the left and right canines 3L and 3R are in the angle malocclusion class II state, and in order to move these canines 3L and 3R to the angle malocclusion class I state, The chain is between the bracket 201 attached to the left canine 3L and the bondable tube 202 attached to the left first molar 6L and between the bracket 201 attached to the right canine 3R and the left first large It was hooked between the bondable tube 202 attached to the molar 6R. As the bracket 201 and the bondable tube 202, “Microarch Formula R (loss type) mandible” manufactured by Tommy International Co., Ltd. was used. The slot 201a of the bracket 201 has a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.56 mm × 0.71 mm (0.022 ″ × 0.028 ″). The orthodontic wire 11 used is as shown in FIG. This orthodontic wire 11 is a stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of 0.41 mm × 0.56 mm (0.016 ″ × 0.022 ″), and θ ₁ = θ ₂ = 20 °. is there. As the power chain, the one already described was used.

  FIGS. 59A to 59C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth of a patient taken from the front, the right side, and the left side after about six months have passed since the orthodontic wire 11 is attached to the lower jaw teeth. As shown in FIGS. 59A to 59C, the left and right canine teeth 3L and 3R of the lower jaw teeth have moved to an angle malocclusion class I state. Further, as shown in FIGS. 59A to 59C, it can be seen that both the maxillary anterior teeth and the mandibular anterior teeth have begun to align due to tooth movement, and the space formed by the extraction of the left and right first premolars is considerably closed. At this point, the mounting method of the power chain was changed, and the power chain was hooked on the bracket 201 attached to the front teeth and the second premolars for both the upper and lower teeth, and both ends were attached to the first molars. Fixed to the bondable tube 202.

  60A to 60C are photographs obtained by photographing the upper and lower jaw teeth of the patient from the front, the right side, and the left side after about 5 months and 2 weeks have passed since the orthodontic wire 11 was attached to the upper and lower teeth. As shown in FIGS. 60A to 60C, it can be seen that the upper anterior teeth and the lower anterior teeth continue to be aligned better, and the space formed by the extraction of the left and right first premolars is almost completely closed. At this point, the orthodontic wires 11 were removed from both the upper and lower jaw teeth, and the above-mentioned superelastic orthodontic wires were attached to the upper and lower teeth, respectively, in order to finish the leveling.

  61A to 61C are photographs of upper and lower jaw teeth of a patient taken from the front side, right side, and left side after about 3 months and 4 weeks after the superelastic orthodontic wires were attached to the upper and lower teeth. As shown in FIGS. 61A to 61C, it can be seen that the upper and lower teeth are well leveled.

  62A-C show that after about 2 months and 2 weeks have passed since the superelastic orthodontic wires were attached to the upper and lower teeth, the superelastic orthodontic wires attached to the upper and lower teeth were removed, It is the photograph which image | photographed the patient's upper and lower jaw teeth from the front, the right side, and the left side. As shown in FIGS. 62A to 62C, it can be seen that both the upper anterior teeth and the lower anterior teeth are well aligned, and the space formed by the extraction of the first premolar is completely closed.

  Thus, the orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire 11 is completed.

  FIG. 63 shows a panoramic radiograph of the patient taken before the start of orthodontic treatment. FIG. 64 shows a panoramic X-ray of the patient taken after the orthodontic treatment. As is clear by comparing FIG. 64 with FIG. 63, root resorption does not occur after orthodontic treatment. It can also be seen that the maxillary anterior teeth and the mandibular anterior teeth are well aligned, and the space formed by the extraction of the first premolar is completely closed.

As described above, according to the second embodiment, the inter-tooth distance can be expanded by the superelastic wire W and the coil spring S in the initial stage of orthodontic treatment without causing the rotation and inclination of the teeth. In addition to being able to obtain the same advantages as in the first embodiment, the orthodontic wire 11 and the bracket 201 can obtain the following advantages. In other words, bending the orthodontic wire 11 when mounted with brackets 201 and Bonn double tube 202 to the upper jaw teeth or mandibular teeth, the third portion 11c around the torque holding bend B _TH is below or above, respectively The combined force F of the substantially vertical orthodontic force F ₂ generated by the bending and the substantially horizontal orthodontic force F ₁ generated by fixing both ends of the orthodontic wire 11 to the first molar is left and right. As a result of acting on the central incisors 1L and 1R, the side incisors 2L and 2R, and the canines 3L and 3R, finally, the root axes of these teeth are radially aligned toward the set point GP. Teeth can be moved in three dimensions. At this time, since jigging is not performed, root resorption can be effectively prevented. Also, the bend angle of the torque holding bend B _TH, 25 ° suitable orthodontic wire 11 at 12 ° or more as is used to perform the orthodontic and dental extraction the first premolar below the second premolar The orthodontic wire 11 that is suitable for use in the case of tooth extraction and orthodontic treatment is as large as 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less, so that the thickness of the metal wire used for the orthodontic wire 11 can be small. An appropriate corrective force that is not too strong can be obtained, thereby minimizing tissue damage during correction. Furthermore, the first portion 11a and the fifth portion 11e of the orthodontic wire 11 are fixed to the left and right first molars. The orthodontic wire 11 includes the second premolars, the first molars, Having a tip back bend _BTB with a bend angle θ ₁ of 12 ° to 25 ° or 7 ° to 20 ° at the position of the mesial side surface of the first molar or the first molar. Since one molar is tipped distally, the first molar does not squeeze out, and only the distal cusp is squeezed and bites into the alveolar bone obliquely in a wedge shape. The horizontal correction force can be obtained using this fixed source. Moreover, according to this manufacturing method of the orthodontic wire 11, the above-described excellent orthodontic wire 11 can be manufactured easily and at low cost by bending. Furthermore, according to the pliers 100 for producing orthodontic wires, the metal wire can be easily bent, whereby the above-described excellent orthodontic wires 11 can be produced easily and at low cost. .

  The effect obtained by using the orthodontic wire 11 will be supplemented. That is, in order to enable three-dimensional tooth movement, the orthodontic wire 11 needs to have appropriate rigidity and flexibility. In this regard, the orthodontic wire 11 is a stainless steel wire of a × b = (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) or stainless steel having mechanical properties equivalent thereto. A wire made of a metal other than steel, axb = (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm) stainless steel wire, or stainless steel having mechanical properties equivalent thereto This condition is satisfied because the wire is made of a metal other than the above. In order to move a complex shaped tooth root, the rigidity and flexibility of the orthodontic wire 11 are important factors. By performing orthodontic treatment using the orthodontic wire 11, the force applied to the crown portion is transmitted to the entire root. At this time, neither excessive force nor unnecessary force is applied to the tooth, and the optimum force for the tooth movement (the appropriate corrective force is proportional to the root area) is always generated, and as a result, the bone replacement is performed in the optimum form. . More specifically, the conversion of alveolar bone by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which is the normal reaction of the histology of the human body, is promoted, which leads to ideal tooth movement, resulting in ideal dentistry. Orthodontic treatment is possible. This orthodontic treatment does not cause pain or root resorption due to treatment.

<3. Third Embodiment>
In the third embodiment, a method of rotating and correcting a torsion tooth to a normal position using the orthodontic set according to the first embodiment will be described.

  As an example, as shown in FIG. 65A, when the right central incisor 1R and the left central incisor 1L are twisted in directions opposite to each other in the maxillary anterior teeth, the central incisors 1R and 1L Let us consider a case where the torsion is corrected by rotating the rotation around the tooth axis TX.

  First, as shown in FIG. 65A, the super elastic wires W are passed through the slots SL of the brackets B attached to the central incisors 1R and 1L, respectively. At this time, these brackets of the super elastic wires W are inserted. A coil spring S is inserted between the super elastic wires W and compressed in a portion between B. In this state, both ends of the coil spring S inserted by the superelastic wire W press the pair of opposite side surfaces of the pair of brackets B attached to the center incisors 1R and 1L. The axial force of the coil spring S is applied to the side of the bracket B attached to the tooth 1R on the centrifugal side, and the coil spring S is also applied to the side of the bracket B attached to the central incisor 1L. Axial forces are applied, and these forces are transmitted to the central incisors 1R and 1L via the bracket B. When the state where force is applied to the central incisors 1R and 1L by the coil spring S in this way continues, as shown in FIG. 65B, the central incisors 1R gradually rotate around the tooth axis in the clockwise direction, Conversely, the central incisor 1L gradually rotates counterclockwise around its tooth axis. As the periodontal ligament PM is compressed by the rotation of the central incisor 1R and the central incisor 1L, in the alveolar bone AB on the periodontal ligament PM side, generation of osteoclasts and osteoblasts is activated as a whole, and the alveoli The bone on the surface of the bone AB is absorbed and the bone on the surface of the alveolar bone AB is regenerated. If the torsion of the central incisor 1R and the central incisor 1L can be corrected before the coil spring S is fully extended, the treatment for correcting the torsion ends. If the torsion of the central incisor 1R and the central incisor 1L cannot be corrected before the coil spring S is fully extended, the coil spring S is replaced with a new one and force is applied to the central incisor 1R and the central incisor 1L again. Add. Thus, as shown in FIG. 65C, the torsion of the central incisors 1R and 1L is corrected. Thereafter, the superelastic wire W and the coil spring S are removed.

  According to the third embodiment, by using the superelastic wire W and the coil spring S in combination, the torsional teeth can be rotated to a normal position and corrected without causing tooth inclination.

  As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described concretely, this invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, The various deformation | transformation based on the technical idea of this invention is possible.

  For example, the numerical values, structures, shapes, materials, manufacturing methods and the like given in the above-described embodiments are merely examples, and different numerical values, structures, shapes, materials, manufacturing methods, etc. may be used as necessary. Good.

  For example, in the specific example in which orthodontic treatment was actually performed in the second embodiment described above, “Pro-Chain (Elastomeric Chain for Orthodontics) Part No. 504-0036 Light Force” manufactured by Dentsu Supply Sankin Co., Ltd. "M space" may be used. In addition, when performing orthodontic treatment by extracting the second premolar instead of the first premolar on the left and right sides of the upper and lower jaw teeth, as a power chain, for example, “Dentsu Supply Sankin Co., Ltd.” Pro chain (orthodontic elastometric chain) product number 505-0030 medium force s space "or" Pro chain (orthodontic elastometric chain) product number 506-0030 heavy force s space "can be used.

Further, the apex angle φ ₁ of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the convex portion 112 of the jaw portion 104 of the first arm 101 of the orthodontic wire manufacturing pliers 100 and the jaw portion 107 of the second arm 102. The apex angle φ ₂ of the triangle in the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the concave portion 113 of the sandwiching portion 111 is θ ₁ , θ ₂ is more than 25 °, or when producing an orthodontic wire less than 7 °, The angle may be less than 155 ° or greater than 173 °, for example, 150 ° or more and 176 ° or less.

  W ... Super elastic wire, S ... Coil spring, B ... Bracket, SL ... Slot, 11 ... Orthodontic wire, 11a ... First part, 11b ... Second part, 11c ... Third part, 11d ... Fourth part, 11e ... 5th part, 20 ... Metal wire, 100 ... Plier for manufacturing orthodontic wire, 101 ... 1st arm, 102 ... 2nd arm, 103 ... Connecting shaft, 104, 107 ... Jaw part, 110, 111 ... Clamping part , 112 ... convex part, 113 ... concave part, 201 ... bracket, 201a ... slot, 201b, 201c ... wing

Claims (6)

An orthodontic superelastic wire made of NiTi alloy superelastic wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and having a diameter of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm, which is attached to a plurality of brackets attached to a patient's upper or lower jaw teeth ,
The orthodontic superelastic wire attached to the plurality of brackets attached to the maxillary teeth or the mandibular teeth is inserted into a portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth. An orthodontic set comprising a coil spring having a spring constant of 100 ± 30 N / m , which is attached in a compressed state. The coil spring has a circular cross-sectional shape and a 0.2 mm diameter stainless steel wire coated with 0.05 mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene on the outer peripheral surface, or a 0.3 mm diameter wire. The orthodontic set according to claim 1, comprising another wire having mechanical properties equivalent to those of the wire. The orthodontic set according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an outer diameter of the coil spring is 1.2 mm or more and 1.8 mm or less. An orthodontic superelastic wire comprising a NiTi alloy superelastic wire having a circular cross-sectional shape and a diameter of 0.4 ± 0.1 mm, which is attached to a plurality of brackets attached to a patient's upper or lower jaw teeth. A coil spring having a spring constant of 100 ± 30 N / m, which is inserted into the portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth and is attached in a compressed state. The coil spring has a circular cross-sectional shape and a 0.2 mm diameter stainless steel wire coated with 0.05 mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene on the outer peripheral surface, or a 0.3 mm diameter wire. The coil spring according to claim 4, comprising another wire having mechanical properties equivalent to those of the wire. An orthodontic superelastic wire attached to a plurality of brackets attached to the patient's maxillary or mandibular teeth;
The orthodontic superelastic wire attached to the plurality of brackets attached to the maxillary teeth or the mandibular teeth is inserted into a portion between the pair of brackets attached to the pair of teeth. A coil spring having a spring constant of 50 N / m or more and 200 N / m or less, which is attached in a compressed state,
At least one of a first orthodontic wire and a second orthodontic wire;
A slot having a rectangular cross-sectional shape with a width of 0.56 ± 0.05 mm or a rectangular cross-sectional shape with a width of (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) × p (where 0.9 ≦ p ≦ 1.1) A bracket having a slot having
The first orthodontic wire is
From one end to the other end, it has a substantially straight first part, a substantially straight second part, a central arched third part, a substantially straight fourth part and a substantially straight fifth part, An overall arched stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.41 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.56 ± 0.05 mm) or a similarity ratio of 1 to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire : Consisting of a wire made of a material other than stainless steel having a cross-sectional shape similar to p and having mechanical properties equivalent to this stainless steel wire,
The first part and the fifth part are located substantially in the first plane;
The second part and the fourth part are located substantially in the second plane;
The third part is located substantially in the third plane;
The long side of the rectangular cross section of the wire made of a material other than the stainless steel wire or the stainless steel is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane,
The first plane is inclined at 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less with respect to the second plane,
The third plane is inclined at 12 ° or more and 25 ° or less on the same side as the first plane with respect to the second plane,
The first part and the fifth part have a length that can be stretched over the first molar on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second part and the fourth part have a length that can be stretched over the first and second premolars on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The third part has a length that can be stretched over the entire front teeth of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second orthodontic wire is
From one end to the other end, it has a substantially straight first part, a substantially straight second part, a central arched third part, a substantially straight fourth part and a substantially straight fifth part, An overall arched stainless steel wire having a rectangular cross-sectional shape of (0.43 ± 0.05 mm) × (0.64 ± 0.05 mm) or a similarity ratio of 1 to the cross-sectional shape of this stainless steel wire : Consisting of a wire made of a material other than stainless steel having a cross-sectional shape similar to p and having mechanical properties equivalent to this stainless steel wire,
The first part and the fifth part are located substantially in the first plane;
The second part and the fourth part are located substantially in the second plane;
The third part is located substantially in the third plane;
The long side of the rectangular cross section of the wire made of a material other than the stainless steel wire or the stainless steel is substantially parallel to the first plane, the second plane, and the third plane,
The first plane is inclined by 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less with respect to the second plane,
The third plane is inclined by 7 ° or more and 20 ° or less on the same side as the first plane with respect to the second plane,
The first part and the fifth part have a length that can be stretched over the first molar on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
The second part and the fourth part have a length that can be stretched over the first and second premolars on the left or right side of the patient's upper or lower jaw,
An orthodontic set having a length such that the third part can be stretched over the entire upper teeth of the patient's upper or lower jaw.