JP5688785B2 - HEAT RECOVERY DEVICE HAVING FUNCTION TO IMPROVE HEAT TRANSFER RATE AND HEAT RECOVERY METHOD - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a fluidized bed apparatus and a fluidized bed fluidization method for improving heat transfer efficiency, for example, and in particular, a fluidized bed for supplying a thermal fluid has a predetermined inclination statically or dynamically, thereby transferring heat. The present invention relates to a fluidizing device and a fluidized bed fluidization method that increase the amount and opportunity of contact of the particles bearing the fluidized bed with the wall surface of the fluidized bed to improve heat transfer efficiency.

  Conventionally, fluidized beds have attracted attention as a technique for recovering heat exhausted from engines and other combustion engines. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a fluidized bed apparatus 1 according to the prior art, and FIG. 9 is a diagram showing a circulating fluidized bed apparatus 2 according to the prior art. As shown in these figures, the heat transfer surface 20-1 is arranged on the wall surface of the fluidized bed according to the fluidized bed apparatus or the heat transfer surface 20-2 is placed inside, and the solid particles 70 are mixed in the fluidized bed, The existence is trying to improve the heat transfer coefficient. In this case, a phenomenon called “down flow” (hereinafter also referred to as “wall downward flow”) in which solid particles in the fluidized bed flow down along the wall surface is dominant for the heat transfer coefficient on the heat transfer surface. Effects.

  On the other hand, the use of a fluidized bed using a solid-gas mixed phase flow capable of improving the heat transfer coefficient as a compact heat exchange system has been put into practical use. For example, a fluidized bed apparatus as described in Patent Documents 1 and 2 below The idea has been disclosed.

  Patent Document 1 discloses a technical idea of suppressing the floating and diffusion of solid particles by an inclined wall in a fluidized bed, configuring equipment compactly with a small installation area, and improving combustion efficiency. However, the inclined wall disclosed in Patent Document 1 is for suppressing the floating of solid particles made of fluidized medium and / or unburned matter from the fluidized bed, and the inclined wall itself is related to heat exchange. I'm not doing it.

  Patent Document 2 discloses that in a flow device having a circulation function, the cross-sectional shape of an inlet-side inclined tube and an outlet-side inclined tube inclined at the lower and upper portions thereof is rectangular, and the rectangular cross-section is in a predetermined numerical range. The technical idea is disclosed. However, the inlet-side inclined tube and the outlet-side inclined tube disclosed in Patent Document 2 are intended to improve the efficiency of the operation of the preliminary reduction furnace and to suppress the generation of backflow gas, and the inclined tube is related to heat exchange. I'm not doing it.

Patent document 3 is disclosing the technical idea which makes the drying chamber which concerns on a fluidized bed dryer incline to a downward slope, and fluidizes a dried material naturally. However, according to the idea disclosed in Patent Document 3, it is difficult to increase the chance of contact with the wall surface even if the particles are fluidized, and thus an optimum heat transfer coefficient is not realized from the downflow.
JP-A-10-089649 JP 05-331516 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-54525

  As described above, in the fluidized bed using the solid-gas mixed phase flow, the idea of improving the heat transfer coefficient using particles irrespective of the presence or absence of the circulation function has been disclosed in various ways including the above-mentioned patent documents. . However, none of these have effectively utilized the downflow principle, and it is considered that heat transfer is not optimally performed.

  In other words, heat recovery promotes overall heat transfer by allowing the particles to be in contact with each other for a period of time that is moderately transferred to the wall, and the particles that have finished transferring heat change from one to the next. It is thought that the heat transfer coefficient can be improved, but if the wall surface is vertical as in the prior art, this contact time will not be sufficiently secured, and as a result, the heat transfer efficiency will be optimal. It is estimated that it was not.

The present application solves such problems of the prior art, and in a heat recovery device that sends a thermal fluid, the number of particles that come into contact with the wall surface is increased so that the particles that conduct heat contact the heat recovery device . By increasing the opportunity and the time of contact moderately, the amount of heat that the particles have is transferred to the wall for a reasonable amount of time, and the particles that have finished transferring heat will change from one to the next. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat recovery device and a heat recovery method for the heat recovery device that can improve heat transfer efficiency and promote efficient heat transfer .

In order to achieve such a problem, the heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is a heating means for heating solid particles by heat exchange with exhaust heat including direct heat exchange with exhaust gas. When the blowing means for sending the gas for transporting the solid particles after by that heating before or heated to the heating means, the solid particles after the heating before or heated is conveyed by the gas and this transport in the heat recovery apparatus using the solid-gas mixed flow comprising the outer provided around the gas to be gravity direction riser portion of the outer said solid particles being transported upwards by the gas from the gas supply means is inclined configured to be narrower in, it is inclined so Zaisa through the outer at least the lower and middle part of the outer in order to carry out heat transfer by downflow floated said solid particles Digit on an angle to the heat recovery heat exchanger for and / or the inner shell further comprises a heat exchanger for heat recovery which is provided by, is a value of the throughput divided by the inner cross-sectional area of the outer shell of said gas The superficial velocity (m / s) is a lower limit value at which the solid particles can float up to the upper end of the outer shell and circulate in the outer shell, and the particle volume fraction at the lower portion of the outer shell rapidly decreases. Between 4.0, which is an upper limit value that allows the solid particles to float up from 21 to the upper end of the outer shell, circulate in the outer shell, and requires less energy to give the superficial velocity. It is characterized by setting . In the present invention, the idea of tilting the outer shell and / or the heat transfer means is not limited to the idea, but the effect is demonstrated by experimental data described later, and the heat exchanger is inclined (for example, a heat transfer plate). The optimal installation location is determined.

  Here, the heating means refers to a device, machine, instrument, system, or the like that performs a heating function for increasing the temperature of an object. For example, mainly, exhaust heat (engine, boiler, etc.) of a main machine (engine, boiler, etc.) Realized by reusing the exhaust heat directly from the exhaust gas or from the exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger or exhaust gas economizer), exhaust heat from the turbocharger (obtained from the intercooler, etc.), or exhaust heat from the generator However, the subordinates are those that use fossil fuel combustion such as heavy oil, heat sources, those that use natural energy, heat pumps, etc. Not a concept. Further, an exhaust heat recovery heat exchanger or exhaust gas economizer that recovers exhaust heat from the engine related to the ship may be used.

  Solid particles are those that recover heat and flow through the outer shell by air supply means, and include limestone particles (for example, preferably particle size: 0.18 to 0.35 mm), activated carbon, quick lime, and iron oxide. It is preferable that the heat transfer efficiency is high. Further, a porous structure in which the solid particles have a desulfurization effect and the desulfurization action can be repeated a plurality of times and / or a mechanism capable of exchanging the solid particles that have lost the desulfurization effect each time are more preferable.

  The outer shell refers to a shell that prevents solid particles from scattering, and in the present application, the outer shell is configured to be inclined. For example, the outer shell may be formed by bending or bending a plate-like substance so as to form a solid particle and an inside through which gas for transporting the solid particle passes or deposits. A riser part for carrying it upward is included. In addition, the shape of the outer shell is not limited, and the case shape, the case oblique shape, the cylindrical shape, the columnar shape, the oblique column shape, the polygonal column shape, the polygonal oblique column shape, the conical shape, the circular cone shape, the polygonal cone shape, the polygonal shape, and the like. Includes an oblique cone.

  The air supply means is a concept including a machine, a device, and an instrument having a function of supplying a gas for transporting solid particles in the outer shell, and a pneumatic supply preinstalled in a blower, a turbine driven compressor, or a ship. Source, engine exhaust gas pressurization, etc. It may be one that generates heat and generates pressure simultaneously, such as an engine or a supercharger. In addition, the thing with little fluctuation | variation of the air supply amount is preferable.

  The heat transfer means includes a machine, a device, and an instrument having a function of efficiently transferring heat from a high temperature object to a low temperature object. For example, a spiral heat exchanger, a plate heat exchanger, and a double saddle type Heat exchangers, multiple circular heat exchangers, spiral tube heat exchangers, spiral plate heat exchangers, tank coil heat exchangers, tank jacket heat exchangers, direct contact liquid heat exchangers, and other phases Including, but not limited to, heat exchangers including changes. It is preferable that the dimensions, shape, and weight can be interposed on the outer wall surface, or the dimensions, shape, and weight can be installed inside the outer wall. Further, the material of the heat transfer means is not particularly limited, but a material having high heat exchange performance with the solid particles is preferable.

  “The outer shell is configured to be inclined so as to become narrower in the direction of gravity” means that, when the outer shell is formed in a substantially polygonal column shape, for example, the left side surface (hereinafter referred to as “first And / or a right side surface (hereinafter also referred to as “second side surface”) and a horizontal plane, or an outer angle of 90 ° or less, or It shows that the inner angle of the lower part is 90 ° or more, or both. There are no limitations on the values of the outer angle and the inner angle.

  “Inclined heat transfer means in the outer shell” means that the heat transfer means is provided with an angle (that is, not parallel to the vertical direction). There is no limitation on the direction of inclination.

  By providing such a configuration, the gas having heat is discharged by the heating means, the heat of the gas is recovered by the solid particles, and the solid particles are conveyed by the air supply means and flow in the outer shell. At this time, the outer shell is configured to be inclined so as to become narrower in the direction of gravity, so that the solid particles can be dropped by the action of gravity along the heat transfer means interposed or attached to the outer shell. In addition, by providing the heat transfer means with an inclination in the outer shell, the solid particles can be dropped along the inclined heat transfer means. During these drops, contact between the heat transfer means and the solid particles increases. In this way, the amount of heat held by the particles is kept in contact for a period of time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles that have been transferred from one to the next. Recovery will be improved. There is no limitation on the position, size, range and number of heat transfer means.

Further, a heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is configured such that the outer shell is inclined so as to be narrowed in the direction of gravity, and further, heat transfer means is provided in the outer shell and / or Alternatively, the structure in which the heat transfer means is inclined in the outer shell is adopted at least in the lower portion of the outer shell.

  Here, “the lower part of the outline” means “the lower part” when the outer part is divided into approximately three parts as the upper part, the central part and the lower part, or “the lower part” when the outer part is substantially divided into two parts as the upper part and the lower part. There is no limitation on the range and dimensions. In addition, this division is not limited to two divisions and three divisions, and any division can be used as long as it can substantially be regarded as a “lower part”.

  In this case, the optimum gradient varies depending on differences in the shape, size, weight or other properties of the solid particles. Further, the optimum gradient for transporting the solid particles varies depending on the difference in pressure of the gas supplied from the air feeding means. By providing the above-described configuration with such an optimal gradient, more heat transfer means can obtain solid particles with a certain amount of downflow without being affected by the difference in the properties of the solid particles and the gas pressure from the air supply means. Can be dropped along. The position, size, range, and number of the heat transfer means are not limited as long as they do not deviate from the so-called lower region.

The heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer rate according to the present application, characterized in that it is constituted by outer and / or heat exchanger for heat recovery is further swung in the above configuration.

Here, the “configuration by swinging the outer shell” means a configuration for swinging only the outer shell, a configuration for swinging the heat recovery device itself, and a configuration for swinging the main body on which the heat recovery device is installed (for example, In some cases, the heat recovery device is installed on a ship, etc.), and a plurality of configurations may be combined. There is no limitation in the form of rocking | swiveling, A periodic motion, a vertical motion, a rotational motion, and a sliding are included. There is no limitation on the source for generating the swing, depending on the vibration in the ship, the swing of the floating body, the swing of the vehicle, etc., and the power (may be due to electricity, gas, heavy oil / light oil, natural energy, etc.) It may be generated intentionally. The degree of swing (amplitude, period, etc.) is not limited, but the smaller the amount of energy consumed to generate the swing, the better.

  The phrase “provided by swinging the heat transfer means in the outer shell” indicates that the heat transfer means itself is swung. There is no limitation in the form of rocking | swiveling, A periodic motion, a vertical motion, a rotational motion, and a sliding are included. There is no limitation on the source for generating the swing, depending on the vibration in the ship, the swing of the floating body, the swing of the vehicle, etc., and the power (may be due to electricity, gas, heavy oil / light oil, natural energy, etc.) It may be generated intentionally. The degree of swing (amplitude, period, etc.) is not limited, but the smaller the amount of energy consumed to generate the swing, the better.

  By providing such a configuration, the gas having heat is discharged by the heating means, the heat related to these gases is recovered by the solid particles, and the solid particles are conveyed by the air supply means to flow in the outer shell. At that time, since the outer shell is configured to swing, the heat transfer means interposed in the outer shell has an inclination every time it swings, or the heat transfer means is swung in the outer shell. Since the heat transfer means has an inclination every time the rocking means swings, the chance of contact between the heat transfer means and the solid particles falling along the heat transfer means is increased. In this way, the amount of heat held by the particles is kept in contact for a period of time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles that have been transferred from one to the next. Recovery will be improved. There is no limitation on the position, size, range and number of heat transfer means.

Further, the heat recovery apparatus having the function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is configured by swinging the outer shell, and further provided with heat transfer means interposed in the outer shell, and / or transferred to the outer shell. The structure provided by swinging the heat means is adopted at least in the lower part of the outer shell.

  In this case, the optimum gradient varies depending on the shape, size, weight or other properties of the solid particles. Further, the optimum gradient for transporting the solid particles varies depending on the difference in pressure of the gas supplied from the air feeding means. By providing the above-described configuration with such an optimal gradient, more heat transfer means can obtain solid particles with a certain amount of downflow without being affected by the difference in the properties of the solid particles and the gas pressure from the air supply means. To increase the chance of contact with this and heat exchange. In this way, the amount of heat held by the particles is kept in contact for a period of time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles that have been transferred from one to the next. Recovery will be improved. The position, size, range and number of heat transfer means are not limited as long as they do not deviate from the so-called lower region.

Further, in the heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application, the superficial velocity (m / s) obtained by dividing the amount of gas passing by the inner cross-sectional area of the outer shell from about 1.0 to about It is characterized by being set between 4.0.

  In this case, it is preferable that the solid particles have a superficial velocity at which the solid particles ascend to the upper end of the outer shell, and the lower the energy consumption for giving the superficial velocity, the better. 0.0 is good, and more preferably 2 m / s to 3.6 m / s.

By providing such a configuration, the superficial velocity is about 1 m / s to about 4 m / s, and the floating state of the gas in the heat recovery apparatus is optimized experimentally, so that the solid particles float to the upper end of the outer shell. The action can be optimized.

Further, in the heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application, the solid particles connected via the upper pipe from the upper part of the riser part which is the outer shell are transported downward by the gas. Further comprising a lower pipe connected to the lower part of the riser part from the downcomer part, wherein the solid particles that protrude from above the riser part are the riser part, the upper pipe, the downcomer part, It is configured to circulate in a closed loop formed by the lower pipe , and this downcomer portion is configured to be inclined so as to become narrower in the direction of gravity, and a downcomer portion heat exchanger for heat recovery is provided in the downcomer portion. The heat exchanger is provided with an inclined and / or inclined and / or down-commer section heat exchanger for heat recovery in the down-commer section .

In this case, as an example, at least the riser part, the downcomer part, and the valve of the outer shell are combined with predetermined piping, joints, and other connecting devices or materials to form one closed loop, and the solid particles are circulated. A heat recovery device that can be used is configured.

  Here, the riser portion has a function of performing heat transfer using the principle that solid particles are transported and flowed in gas, and is provided with heat transfer means (for example, intervening on a wall surface or attached inside). A heat transfer surface and a heat generating plate that can be used) may be interposed or attached to or included therein. There is no limitation on the material, shape and dimensions of the riser section. Therefore, the riser portion may be configured to be inclined so as to be narrowed in the direction of gravity, or may be configured to swing.

  The downcomer unit is an apparatus, a machine, and a machine equipped with a function that raises the riser unit, collects solid particles that have not flowed down through a predetermined pipe, and transports the particles from the lower end of the downcomer unit to the valve. It is preferable that the device has a cyclone function that can rotate the gas and solid particles inside to separate the gas and solid particles and collect the solid particles at the center of the lower end of the downcomer portion. In addition, the downcomer part may be provided with a heat transfer means (for example, including a heat transfer surface or a heating plate that can be interposed in the wall surface or attached inside), and the material and shape of the downcomer part There is no limitation on the dimensions. Therefore, the downcomer portion may be configured to be inclined so as to become narrower in the direction of gravity, or may be configured to swing.

  A valve refers to a device, machine, or instrument having a function of recovering a solid particle group from a downcomer unit and transporting the solid particle group to the riser unit again without depositing, for example, a loop seal valve And pneumatic valves. There is no limitation on the material, shape and dimensions of the valve.

  By having such a configuration, solid particles that did not flow down in the riser section are collected by the downcomer section, and in the downcomer section, the solid particles are collected by the cyclone function and transported to the valve, and the solid deposited on the valve By fluidizing the particle group like a liquid, the solid particles once used for heat recovery can be reused and circulated without a shortage of solid particles flowing through the riser section.

Further, in the heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application, in the outer riser portion where the solid particles are conveyed upward by the gas, the riser portion is narrowed in the gravity direction. Further, the heat transfer means is provided in the riser part and / or the heat transfer means is inclined in the riser part.

  By providing such a configuration, the outer riser portion has an outer angle formed by the first side surface and / or the second side surface and the horizontal plane in a cross-sectional view of less than 90 °, or an inner angle according to the lower portion of the riser portion. Particles that are formed in a structure that has an angle exceeding 90 °, or both, so that the amount of heat of the solid particles due to the downflow is in contact with the wall for a reasonable amount of time, and the heat has been transferred. Since the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing from the next to the next, the heat recovery rate is improved.

Further, in the heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application, in the outer downcomer part where the solid particles are conveyed downward by the gas, the downcomer part is narrowed in the direction of gravity. Further, the heat transfer means is provided in the downcomer portion and / or the heat transfer means is inclined in the downcomer portion.

  By providing such a configuration, the outer angle formed by the first side surface and / or the second side surface and the horizontal surface in the cross-sectional view is less than 90 ° in the outer view, or in the lower portion of the downcomer portion. By forming in such a structure that the internal angle exceeds 90 °, or both, the heat transfer means installed in the downcomer section is brought into contact with more solid particles that rotate and fall by the cyclone function, Increase the chance of heat exchange between the solid particles and the heat transfer means. In this way, the amount of heat held by the particles is kept in contact for a period of time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles that have been transferred from one to the next. Recovery will be improved.

Further, the heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer rate according to the present application uses exhaust gas with back pressure exhausted from a main engine of a ship as the heating means and the air supply means, and the heat transfer device The exhaust heat recovery from the exhaust gas is performed by the means.

  Here, the main engine of the ship includes a diesel engine and other driving engines related to the ship and a device that generates thermal energy, but may be any engine, mechanism, device, or system that delivers exhaust gas.

By providing such a configuration, by mounting the heat recovery device according to the present application on the ship, the exhaust gas having a heat discharged from the ship is sent to the heat recovery device, and the solid particles are exhausted by the exhaust gas. Since it is transported and flows, in the process it contacts the heat transfer means statically or dynamically provided with the inclination of the outer riser part and / or downcomer part to improve the heat exchange, so the efficiency Good heat transfer.

Moreover, the heat recovery apparatus having the function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is characterized in that a desulfurizing agent is used as the solid particles and the sulfur component in the exhaust gas is also removed.

  Some exhaust gas generated by the heating means contains a sulfur component, and releasing it into the atmosphere as it is may cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is more preferable to use solid particles that can recover the sulfur component before being released into the atmosphere.

  Hydrodesulfurization is widely used as a desulfurization agent. By purifying various petroleum fractions using hydrogen, the petroleum fraction is combined with hydrogen at a high temperature and high pressure, and alumina is used as a carrier. And those that decompose compounds containing impurities such as sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen and metals by passing them over a catalyst using molybdenum and cobalt or nickel sulfides. According to the screening test conducted by the present applicant, it is confirmed that iron oxide shows the best desulfurization performance as the desulfurization agent, and quick lime shows relatively good desulfurization performance. However, the present invention is not limited to these, and various desulfurization agents may be included.

  By providing such a configuration, the solid particles can recover the sulfur component of the exhaust gas while recovering heat, so that the desulfurized exhaust gas can be released to the atmosphere with peace of mind.

Further, the heat recovery method of the heat recovery apparatus having the function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is configured such that the solid particles heated by the heating means are transported by the fluid supplied from the fluid transport means and inclined. The heat transfer is performed by configuring the solid particles so as to drop and flow on the heat transfer surface by the action of gravity with respect to the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer means.

  Here, the fluid conveying means is gas (for example, including but not limited to air, exhaust gas and other gases) or liquid (for example, including but not limited to fresh water, seawater and other liquids). The solid particles are conveyed by utilizing the fluidity of the fluid, and the above-mentioned air supply means is included in a part thereof.

  By providing such a configuration, the solid particles rise against the gravity by being pressurized from below by the fluid relating to the fluid conveying means while being heated by the heating means and / or while being heated, When the pressure received from the fluid related to the fluid conveying means becomes smaller than the gravity related to the solid particles, the solid particles start to fall naturally due to the action of gravity. At this time, the solid particles are dropped along the heat transfer means by providing the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer means inclined at a predetermined angle. Thus, the total amount of heat transfer is promoted by allowing the particles to be in contact with each other for a time during which the amount of heat is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the particles that have completed the heat transfer to change from one to the next. Therefore, heat exchange and heat recovery efficiency can be increased and improved.

Further, the heat recovery method of the heat recovery apparatus having the function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is to apply solid particles before or after heating by heat exchange with exhaust heat including direct heat exchange with exhaust gas. In the heat recovery method of a heat recovery apparatus for carrying out heat recovery using a solid-gas mixed phase flow in an outer shell provided around the gas, transported by a gas supplied from an air supply means , The riser portion conveyed upward by the gas from the air feeding means is configured to be inclined so as to be narrowed in the direction of gravity, and at least a lower portion of the outer shell for performing heat transfer by downflow of the solid particles that have floated In addition, a heat exchanger for heat recovery is provided so as to be inclined and / or inclined in the outer shell at the central portion, and the gas passage amount is divided by the inner sectional area of the outer shell. Sky The velocity (m / s) is from 2.21 which is a lower limit value that allows the solid particles to float up to the upper end of the outer shell and circulate in the outer shell, and the particle volume fraction at the lower portion of the outer shell rapidly decreases. It is set between 4.0, which is an upper limit value that allows the solid particles to float up to the upper end of the outer shell and circulate in the outer shell, and that requires less energy consumption to give the superficial velocity. The heat recovery device is configured, and the heat recovery device is swung to perform heat recovery .

  By providing such a configuration, the solid particles rise against the gravity by being pressurized from below by the fluid relating to the fluid conveying means while being heated by the heating means and / or while being heated, When the pressure received from the fluid related to the fluid conveying means becomes smaller than the gravity related to the solid particles, the solid particles start to fall naturally. At this time, since the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer means is provided by swinging, the heat transfer means has an inclination every time it swings, so that the heat amount of the particles is in contact with the wall surface for a reasonable time. As the particles that have completed heat transfer change from one to the next, comprehensive heat transfer is promoted. Therefore, heat exchange and heat recovery efficiency can be increased and improved.

Moreover, the heat recovery method of the heat recovery apparatus having the function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to the present application is characterized in that the heating means and the fluid transfer means are made into a hot thermal fluid.

  By providing such a configuration, the fluid discharged from the heating means and the fluid conveying means is a pressurized gas (for example, exhaust gas of the main engine (engine)) or a liquid (for example, hot water) that generates heat. In this case, the solid particles can recover heat from such a fluid and realize an improvement in heat transfer coefficient.

According to the present application, by inclining the outer shell of the heat recovery device so as to become narrower in the direction of gravity, the contact between the solid particles falling along the heat transfer means interposed / attached to the outer shell and the heat transfer means The opportunity for heat exchange can be increased. In addition, by providing the heat transfer means with an inclination in the outer shell, the number of solid particles falling along the inclined heat transfer means is increased, and contact / heat exchange between the solid particles and the heat transfer means is increased. Opportunities can be increased. That is, a state where the solid particles roll on the surface of the heat transfer means, a state where the solid particles slide down, or a state where the solid particles once dropped on the heat transfer means rebound is formed. In this way, the heat amount of the particles is kept in contact for the time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles after the heat transfer from the next to the next. Improvement of transmission rate can be realized.

In addition, according to the present application, by configuring the outer shell of the heat recovery device by swinging, the heat transfer means interposed in the outer shell has an inclination every time the swing is performed, so that the solid particles falling along the heat transfer means and Opportunities for contact and heat exchange with the heat transfer means can be increased. In addition, by providing the heat transfer means in the outer wall in a swinging manner, the heat transfer means has an inclination every time it swings, and contact / heat exchange between the solid particles falling along the heat transfer means and the heat transfer means is performed. Opportunities can be increased. That is, it is possible to dynamically bring the inclination to the heat transfer means without providing the outer heat or the heat transfer means inclined in the outer shell. Further, by utilizing the effect that the heat transfer means swings left and right or in multiple directions by swinging, the solid particles roll on the surface of the heat transfer means, or slide and descend, or once A situation where solid particles falling on the heat transfer means rebound is formed. In this way, the heat amount of the particles is kept in contact for the time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles after the heat transfer from the next to the next. Improvement of transmission rate can be realized.

  Further, according to the present application, the heat transfer means is interposed in the lower part of the inclined outer shell and / or the heat transfer means is provided to be inclined in the lower part of the outer shell, whereby the difference in the properties of the solid particles and the air supply means are provided. More solid particles due to the downflow can be dropped along the heat transfer means without being affected by the difference in gas pressure from. That is, the solid particles by the downflow fall to the lower part of the outer shell, and the solid particles stay in the lower part of the outer shell. Therefore, by providing the heat transfer means at least in the lower part of the outer shell, the particles are in contact with each other only for a time during which the heat quantity of the particles is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the particles that have completed the heat transfer change from one to the next. As a result, the overall heat transfer is promoted, so that the heat transfer coefficient can be further improved. Further, if efficient heat recovery is realized at the lower part of the outer shell, it is not necessary to provide heat transfer means in the upper part or the middle part, so that the cost can be saved.

  In addition, according to the present application, the heat transfer means is interposed in the lower part of the outer shell and / or the heat transfer means is provided in the lower part of the outer shell so that the properties of the solid particles are the same as described above. Without being influenced by the difference, more solid particles due to the downflow can be dropped along the heat transfer means. That is, the solid particles by the downflow fall to the lower part of the outer shell, and the solid particles stay in the lower part of the outer shell. Further, it is possible to use the effect that the heat transfer means swings left and right or in multiple directions by swinging. Therefore, by adopting the heat transfer means at least in the lower part of the outer shell, the particles are in contact with each other only for the time when the heat quantity of the particles is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the particles that have completed the heat transfer change from one to the next. As a result, overall heat transfer is promoted, so that the heat transfer coefficient can be further improved. Further, if efficient heat recovery is realized at the lower part of the outer shell, it is not necessary to provide a heat transfer means in the upper part or the middle part, so that the cost can be saved.

  Furthermore, according to the present application, the solid particles can be levitated to the upper end of the outer shell by supplying air so that the superficial velocity is about 1 m / s to about 4 m / s. That is, by floating the solid particles to the upper end, the number of solid particles falling along the transfer means is increased, and by providing the heat transfer means on the outer shell, an improvement in heat transfer coefficient can be realized. Furthermore, it can be utilized as a circulating fluidized bed by floating solid particles to the upper end.

  According to the present application, the outer shell is configured in a closed loop shape, and the solid particles are circulated, so that the solid particles once used for heat recovery can be recycled and circulated. That is, since the heat of the solid particles can be recovered again in the closed loop process, a more efficient energy regeneration effect can be realized.

  Furthermore, according to the present application, a riser portion can be used as the outer shell, and the outer angle of the outer riser portion formed by the first side surface and / or the second side surface and the horizontal plane in a cross-sectional view is less than 90 °. Alternatively, it is possible to form a structure in which the inner angle of the lower portion of the riser part is an angle exceeding 90 °, or both, so that more solid particles that flow down can be dropped along the heat transfer means. . That is, a circulating fluidized bed can be formed by providing a riser part. In the solid particles floating near the inner wall surface of the riser part and flowing down without circulation, the solid particles roll on the surface of the heat transfer means. Or a state where the solid particles once fall on the heat transfer means are rebounded. In this way, the heat amount of the particles is kept in contact for the time that is moderately transferred to the wall surface, and the heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles after the heat transfer from the next to the next. An improvement in transmission rate can be realized. At this time, more preferably, the inclination angle is increased from the lower side to the upper side with a small angle, that is, an expansion suitable for natural diffusion of air (for example, 5 to 6 ° on one side). In this case, an appropriate spread angle is selected based on the phenomenon that the frictional resistance is reduced, and the energy used by the air feeding means can be reduced by reducing the frictional resistance.

  Further, according to the present application, a downcomer portion can be used as the outer shell, and the outer angle formed by the first side surface and / or the second side surface and the horizontal plane is 90 ° in the sectional view. Or the inner angle related to the lower part of the downcomer part is formed in a structure exceeding 90 °, or both, the heat transfer means installed in the downcomer part is rotated by the cyclone function. Falling solid particles can be brought into contact. That is, a circulating fluidized bed can be formed by providing a downcomer part, collecting solid particles that have not been downflowed by the riser part, and transferring the solid particles having residual heat to the wall of the downcomer part. The opportunity to contact the heat transfer means provided in the heat means or the downcomer portion is increased. In this way, the amount of heat that the particles have is transferred to the wall for a reasonable amount of time, so that the heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles that have been transferred from one to the next. It is possible to efficiently improve the heat transfer coefficient.

  Furthermore, according to the present application, exhaust heat with back pressure exhausted from the main engine of the ship is used as the heating means and the air supply means, and the exhaust heat recovery from the exhaust gas can be performed by the heat transfer means. That is, the exhaust heat associated with the exhaust gas is recovered by the solid particles, and the exhaust heat can be recovered by contacting the solid particles with the heat transfer means. Improvements can be realized. Moreover, since it can prevent discharge | release of high temperature gas in air | atmosphere, it leads also to the measure against global warming. Furthermore, since the recovered waste heat can be reused again for ship operation (for example, heating for cleaning water, cooking water, and ballast water), it leads to energy saving for ship driving.

  Moreover, according to this application, a sulfur component in exhaust gas can also be removed using a desulfurization agent as solid particles. That is, the solid particles can also recover the sulfur component of the exhaust gas while recovering heat, so the desulfurized exhaust gas can be released into the atmosphere with peace of mind, and environmental pollution can be prevented. In addition, there is no need to provide a separate desulfurization apparatus or desulfurization means, and the configuration can be simplified and the cost can be reduced.

Furthermore, according to the heat recovery method of the heat recovery apparatus according to the present application, in order to perform heat transfer from the solid particles heated by the fluid, the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer means is inclined at a predetermined angle to provide a solid. Particles can be dropped along the heat transfer means. In other words, by using the principle of free fall of an object and providing the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer means having an inclination at the point of drop, the chance of more falling solid particles to contact the heat transfer surface increases. To do. In this way, since the amount of heat that the particles have is moderately transferred to the wall surface, they are kept in contact with each other, and the overall heat transfer is promoted by the particles that have finished transferring heat changing from one to the next. Improvement of heat transfer rate can be realized.

Further, according to the heat recovery method of the heat recovery apparatus according to the present application, by providing the heat transfer surface of the heat transfer means by swinging, the heat transfer means has an inclination every time the swing is performed. It can be dropped along the heat transfer means with In other words, the heat transfer means can be inclined without providing the outer shell or the heat transfer means inclined in the outer shell. Further, by utilizing the effect that the heat transfer means swings left and right or in multiple directions by swinging, the number of contacting solid particles and the chance of contacting increase. In this way, since the amount of heat that the particles have is moderately transferred to the wall surface, they are kept in contact with each other, and the overall heat transfer is promoted by the particles that have finished transferring heat changing from one to the next. Improvement of heat transfer rate can be realized.

Furthermore, according to the heat recovery method of the heat recovery apparatus according to the present application, the fluid discharged from the heating means and the fluid transport means is a pressurized gas (for example, exhaust gas of the main engine (engine)) or the like that generates heat, or In the case of a liquid (for example, hot water), the solid particles can recover heat from the fluid and realize an improvement in heat transfer coefficient. That is, in a combustion engine (for example, including a plant combustion device and a ship engine), a pressurized thermal fluid is generated. Therefore, if the solid particles can recover heat, the technology according to the present application also applies to such a combustion engine. The idea can be applied.

  In particular, in the case of a ship, when a highly efficient diesel engine (low quality oil) is used as a power engine, poor exhaust gas properties (soot, SOx, etc.) stand out. On the other hand, energy saving measures are difficult because the ship has restrictions such as the installation space of the device and the swing of the hull caused by waves. Therefore, the present application exhibits a remarkable effect as an energy saving measure in a ship, which is compact and reliable as a soot measure and a SOx measure, and is resistant to rocking.

  The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. In the following, the range necessary for the description for achieving the object of the present invention is schematically shown, and the range necessary for the description of the relevant part of the present invention will be mainly described. Are according to known techniques.

  The configuration of the fluidized bed apparatus and the circulating fluidized bed apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention is different from the conventional technology in the riser section and / or the downcomer section. Specifically, the shape of the riser part and downcomer part is a case shape, a case oblique shape, a columnar shape, a cylindrical shape, a slanted column shape, a polygonal column shape, a polygonal oblique column shape, a conical shape, a circular cone shape, a multiple shape. Either a pyramid shape or a polygonal oblique pyramid shape may be used, but the first side surface and / or the second side surface is inclined so as to narrow in the direction of gravity in an upright state (an outer angle formed by the side surface and the horizontal surface). And a heat transfer surface is interposed or attached so as to be substantially parallel to the side surface. Alternatively, the first inner wall surface and / or the second inner wall surface is provided with an inclination in a sectional view in an upright state (the inner angle formed by the inner wall surface and the horizontal surface is an angle exceeding 90 °). The heat transfer surface is interposed or attached in parallel to the inner wall surface. Furthermore, it is set as the structure which can attach the heat-transfer surface which has an inclination inside a riser part and a downcomer part. When the riser part and / or the downcomer part is divided into three parts, the heat transfer surface can be provided on any of the upper part, the central part and the lower part. More preferably, based on the phenomenon that the frictional resistance is reduced by increasing the inclination angle from the lower side to the lower side, that is, by expanding with a spread suitable for the natural diffusion of air (for example, 5 to 6 ° on one side), By selecting an appropriate divergence angle, the energy used by the air supply means can be reduced by reducing the frictional resistance.

  Moreover, the structure which rocks | rises a riser part and / or a downcomer part irrespective of the presence or absence of the said structure may be sufficient (There is no limitation in the direction, amplitude, and period of a rocking | swiveling). Here, rocking is an action that dynamically enables solid particles to collide with heat transfer means (for example, a heat transfer plate) at an angle regardless of amplitude movement, vertical movement, rotation movement, or sliding. A concept that includes all operations. Moreover, the structure which rocks only a riser part and / or a downcomer part, the structure which rocks a fluidized bed apparatus and a circulating fluidized bed apparatus including a riser part and / or a downcomer part, and a fluidized bed apparatus and / or circulation It is only necessary to include at least one configuration among the configurations for swinging a main body (for example, a plant or a ship) on which the fluidized bed apparatus is mounted, and a combination of a plurality of configurations may be used.

  Next, the operation principle of the fluidized bed apparatus and / or the circulating fluidized bed apparatus including the riser section and / or the downcomer section according to the present application will be described.

  FIG. 1 is a state diagram illustrating a state of an inner wall surface of a riser section in a fluidized bed apparatus and / or a circulating fluidized bed apparatus. FIG. 4A shows a state when the riser portion is erected, and the timing at which the solid particles 70 come into contact with the inner wall surface due to the influence of gravity (natural fall) is sparse. Therefore, it is assumed that it is difficult to improve the heat transfer coefficient. On the other hand, FIG. 5B shows a configuration in which the riser portion is inclined or a state of the surface of the heat transfer surface provided to be inclined inside the riser portion. These inclinations become obstacles, and the solid particles 70 slide and fall along the inclined surface, or the solid particles once dropped on the heat transfer means are rebounded. Some solid particles adhere to the wall without falling. In heat transfer of solid-gas mixed phase flow, it is presumed that the contact frequency between the particles and the wall surface is important. In this way, the heat transfer is promoted by the inclined wall because the total heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles after the heat transfer from the next to the next.

  In this case, a configuration in which solid particles attached to the surface of the heat transfer means having an inclination do not accumulate, for example, a process for reducing the frictional force on the surface of the heat transfer means or a member for reducing the frictional force is applied. Is preferable. However, even if solid particles are deposited, any structure may be used as long as the solid particles transfer heat to each other and finally transfer heat to the heat transfer means. In this way, the slanting of the outer shell in the direction of gravity makes it possible to improve the heat transfer coefficient in the fluidized bed apparatus.

  FIG. 2 is a graph relating to the heat transfer rate of the fluidized bed apparatus and / or the circulating fluidized bed apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The figure (a) is a graph which shows the relationship between the superficial velocity of the riser part in a fluidized bed apparatus and / or a circulating fluidized bed apparatus, and a heat transfer rate. In the same figure, the riser portion that is upright is inclined so that the first outer wall surface and / or the second outer wall surface is narrowed in the direction of gravity in a cross-sectional view (hereinafter referred to as “inclined riser”). And the superficial velocity Ug (m / s) and the heat transfer coefficient h (W / m2k) at the upper, middle and lower parts of the swung riser part. Note that a heating plate for measurement is interposed in each part of the riser section.

The experimental apparatus and experimental method are as follows.
・ At the three locations on the side of the riser section, bakelite side walls of the same dimensions with 0.1 mm thick stainless steel heating plates (dimensions: 126 mm x 324 mm or 126 mm x 424 mm) attached to the inner wall are installed. The surface temperature was measured with a T-sheath thermocouple having an outer diameter of 1 mm while energized and heated, and the solid-gas mixed phase flow temperature at the center of the riser 766 mm above the dispersion plate was measured to obtain the heat transfer coefficient.
The solid particles were limestone particles having a particle size of 0.18 to 0.35 mm (filling amount: 40 kg).
・ The riser was inclined at an inclination angle of 15 °.
The rocking of the riser part was configured as a rolling motion with a swinging amplitude = ± 15 ° and a period = 6 s associated with the swinging by mounting a swinging table in the experimental apparatus.

  As shown in the figure, it can be confirmed that the heat transfer coefficient is several times larger in the central part and the upper part of the riser part than the upright riser part. From this, it is considered that the increase in the heat transfer coefficient is due to the solid adhesion of the solid particles to the heat generating plate due to the wall surface downflow. In addition, it is considered that the downflow on the wall surface increases as the superficial velocity increases.

  On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient in the lower part of the riser part is much larger than that in the central part and the upper part when Ug ≦ 2.21 (m / s). This is presumably because the lower particle volume fraction is higher than the central and upper parts. However, when Ug> 2.21 (m / s), the heat transfer coefficient decreases rapidly. This is presumably because the particle volume fraction in the lower part rapidly decreases as the superficial velocity increases, so that the amount of particles adhering to the heat generating plate interposed in the lower part is reduced.

  In addition, in the same figure, the heat transfer coefficient of each part in the rolling state and the inclined state is shown at the same time, and it can be confirmed that the central part and the upper part in the rolling state are remarkably increased as compared with the upright state. This is thought to be because the wall wall downflow on the side surface of the riser portion periodically fluctuates due to the rolling motion, and the particle flow amount also increases significantly. On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient in the lower part is larger than the heat transfer coefficient in the upright state except for Ug ≦ 2.21 (m / s) where the superficial velocity is small. This is thought to be because the limestone particles with increased flow amount stay in the lower part and the particle volume fraction increases compared to the upright state. Furthermore, the heat transfer coefficient in the tilted state is much higher than when erecting and rolling. This is considered to be because the degree of the wall surface downward flow coming into contact with the heat generating plate is increased because the heat generating plate is below the side surface of the inclined riser portion.

  FIG. 5B is a graph showing the relationship between the particle volume fraction of the riser section and the heat transfer coefficient in the fluidized bed apparatus and / or the circulating fluidized bed apparatus. The solid line in the figure indicates the rearrangement formula of the heat transfer data of the upper and lower portions of the riser portion in the upright state. Thereby, it can be recognized that the heat transfer in the central part and the upper part of the riser part is promoted by the particles flowing down along the inner wall surface coming into contact with the wall surface. On the other hand, it is considered that the heat transfer is promoted by the particles staying in the lower part of the riser part directly coming into contact with the heat generating plate by the wall descending flow, and the mechanism of the heat transfer promotion is also different from the central part and the upper part.

  Focusing on the heat transfer coefficient at the top of the riser part, it is confirmed that the heat transfer during rolling (the arrangement formula is shown by a broken line) is increased compared to the upright state (even if the particle volume ratio is the same). Is done. This is because the number of solid particles adhering to the inner wall surface increases due to the rolling motion, and the amount of heat that the particles have is in contact with the wall surface for a reasonable amount of time. This is thought to be due to an increase in the heat transfer coefficient (even if the particle volume fraction is the same) because the overall heat transfer is promoted. In addition, the particles that flow down the upper part due to the wall-down flow continue to flow down in the central part, so the heat transfer coefficient in the central part is higher than that in the upper part (even if the particle volume fraction is the same). it is conceivable that. Furthermore, as with the upper part, the number of solid particles adhering to the inner wall surface increases due to the rolling motion, so that the amount of heat that the particles have is properly transferred to the wall surface, and the particles that have finished transferring heat Since the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing from one to the next, it is considered that the heat transfer coefficient during rolling is greater than in the upright state.

  On the other hand, the heat transfer coefficient during rolling in the lower part is almost the same as that corresponding to the arrangement formula of the upright state shown by the solid line, and the actual heat transfer coefficient in the lower part in the upright state and rolling is It is thought that it does not change. However, since the particle volume fraction increases due to rolling, it is considered that the heat transfer coefficient during rolling is higher than that in the upright state.

  Next, the structure of the fluidized bed apparatus and / or the circulating fluidized bed apparatus including the riser section and / or downcomer section according to the present application will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a configuration of fluidized bed apparatuses 3 and 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention. The fluidized bed apparatus 3 of FIG. 1A is formed with a riser unit 10, a dispersion plate 30, and a heat transfer surface 20-1, and has a mechanism in which solid particles 70 flow inside the riser unit 10. The solid particles 70 are supplied from a combustion engine (for example, a plant combustion apparatus and a ship engine) having a heating unit 100 and an air supply unit 200 via the dispersion plate 30 (for example, sulfur dioxide (SO2)). ) And other exhaust gas containing SOx, etc.) and flows in the riser section 10. At this time, the riser portion 10 is configured by inclining the first side surface in the direction of gravity in a cross-sectional view (so that the outer angle formed by the first side surface and the horizontal plane is less than 90 °. Thus, the solid particles 70 floating near the first inner wall surface descend while sliding, rolling, and rebounding along the first inner wall surface by downflow. Therefore, the chance that the solid particles 70 come into contact with the first inner wall surface on which the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed is increased, and the amount of heat that the particles have is moderately transferred to the wall surface. Since the heat transfer is promoted by the change of the heated particles from the next to the next, the heat transfer rate can be improved. Although not shown, since the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed in the inner wall surface of the lower portion of the riser unit 10, the solid particles 70 staying in the lower portion of the riser unit 10 come into contact with the heat transfer surface 20-1. Further, the heat transfer rate can be improved. Alternatively, a method may be employed in which heat is simultaneously generated in the riser unit 10 by supplying air from the lower part of the dispersion plate 30 and blowing fuel gas from the riser unit 10 or inserting a combustible material.

  The fluidized bed apparatus 4 in FIG. 4B has a configuration in which one or a plurality of heat transfer surfaces 20-2 are provided inside the riser section 10. At this time, the riser unit 10 is configured to be inclined so that the first side surface and the second side surface are narrowed in the direction of gravity in a cross-sectional view (the outer angle formed by the first side surface and the horizontal plane and the second side surface). The outer angle formed by the side surface and the horizontal plane is less than 90 °), and the heat transfer surface 20-2 is inclined inside to provide the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface. The solid particles 70 floating in the vicinity of the heat transfer surface 20-2 descend while sliding, rolling, and rebounding along the first inner wall surface, the second inner wall surface, and the heat transfer surface 20-2 by downflow. To do. Therefore, the chance that the solid particles 70 come into contact with the first inner wall surface, the second inner wall surface, and the heat transfer surface 20-2 with the heat transfer surface 20-1 interposed therebetween increases the amount of heat that the particles have. The heat transfer rate can be improved since the heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles after the heat transfer from the next time to the next time. Although not shown, the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed on the inner wall surface of the lower portion of the riser portion 10, or the heat transfer surface 20-2 is provided at the lower portion of the riser portion, so that the lower portion of the riser portion 10 is provided. Since the staying solid particles 70 come into contact with the heat transfer surface 20-1 or the heat transfer surface 20-2, the heat transfer rate can be further improved.

  FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a circulating fluidized bed apparatus 5 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the circulating fluidized bed device 5 includes a solid gas separation unit 40, a downcomer unit 50, a valve 60 (for example, a loop seal valve or a new valve) in addition to the configuration related to the fluidized bed devices 3 and 4 in FIG. And a particle supply device 80 and a particle recovery device 90. At this time, the riser portion 10 is configured by inclining the first side surface in the direction of gravity in a cross-sectional view (so that the outer angle formed by the first side surface and the horizontal plane is less than 90 °. Thus, the solid particles 70 floating near the first inner wall surface descend while sliding, rolling, and rebounding along the first inner wall surface by downflow. Accordingly, the time during which the solid particles 70 are in contact with the first inner wall surface on which the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed is increased, and the amount of heat that the particles have is appropriately transferred to the wall surface so as to be in contact. Since the heat transfer is promoted by the change of the heated particles from the next to the next, the heat transfer rate can be improved. Although not shown, since the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed in the inner wall surface of the lower portion of the riser unit 10, the solid particles 70 staying in the lower portion of the riser unit 10 come into contact with the heat transfer surface 20-1. As a result, the heat transfer rate can be improved. In addition, if the heat transfer surface is provided at a lower portion inside the riser portion 10, the heat transfer rate can be further improved.

  FIG. 5 is a view showing a circulating fluidized bed apparatus 6 according to another embodiment of the present invention. As shown in the figure, the riser portion 10 is configured to be inclined so that the first side surface and the second side surface are narrowed in the direction of gravity in a cross-sectional view (the outer angle formed by the first side surface and the horizontal surface). And the external angle formed by the second side surface and the horizontal plane is less than 90 °), the solid particles 70 floating near the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface are It descends while sliding, rolling, and rebounding along one inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface. Therefore, the time during which the solid particles 70 are in contact with the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface where the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed increases, and the amount of heat that the particles have is moderately transferred to the wall surface. Since the heat transfer is promoted by bringing the particles that have been brought into contact with each other and the heat-transferred particles are changed from one to the next, the heat transfer coefficient can be improved. Although not shown, since the heat transfer surface 20-1 is interposed in the inner wall surface of the lower portion of the riser unit 10, the solid particles 70 staying in the lower portion of the riser unit 10 come into contact with the heat transfer surface 20-1. As a result, the heat transfer rate can be improved. In addition, if the heat transfer surface is provided at a lower portion inside the riser portion 10, the heat transfer coefficient can be further improved.

  On the other hand, the solid particles 70 that have risen without downflow in the circulating fluidized bed apparatuses 5 and 6 according to FIGS. 4 and 5 are transported through a predetermined pipe or the like, and are gas and microscopically separated by the solid-gas separator 40. The particles are separated. The solid particles 70 are collected at the lower center of the downcomer portion 50 by the cyclone function. At this time, in FIG. 6, the circulating fluidized bed apparatus 7 according to the embodiment of the present invention is shown, and the first side surface and the second side surface of the downcomer portion 50 are narrowed in the direction of gravity in a cross-sectional view. (The outer angle formed by the first side surface and the horizontal plane and the outer angle formed by the second side surface and the horizontal plane are less than 90 °). It descends while sliding, rolling or rebounding along the inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface. Therefore, the chance that the solid particles 70 come into contact with the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface where the heat transfer surface 20-3 intervenes increases, and the amount of heat possessed by the particles is moderately transferred to the wall surface, Since the heat transfer is promoted by bringing the particles that have been brought into contact with each other and the heat-transferred particles are changed from one to the next, the heat transfer coefficient can be improved. In addition, although not shown in figure, the solid particle 70 which stays in the lower part of the downcomer part 50 contacts the heat transfer surface 20-3 by interposing the heat transfer surface 20-3 in the inner wall surface of the lower part of the downcomer part 50. Therefore, the heat transfer rate can be further improved. In addition, if the heat transfer surface is provided at a lower portion inside the downcomer portion 50, the heat transfer rate can be further improved.

  In addition, the solid particle 70 (for example, for which the lack of the solid particles 70 can be supplied by the particle supply device 80 according to the circulating fluidized bed devices 5, 6 and 7 and whose utility is finished by the particle recovery device 90 (for example, By repeating the circulation a plurality of times, particles and the like in which the heat recovery effect and desulfurization effect have been significantly reduced can be recovered. On the other hand, the solid particles 70 aggregated in the downcomer unit 50 are brought into a flowable state without being deposited on the valve 60 and are transported to the riser unit 10 again. Furthermore, the heat transfer surfaces 20-1 and 20-3 interposed on the inner wall surface are provided with an inlet and an outlet of a heat medium (including those having a heat transfer effect such as fresh water), thereby transferring heat. The used heat medium can be used for other purposes (for example, water for washing and water for cooking).

Moreover, by using the solid particles 70 in the embodiment described above as iron oxide particles or quicklime particles, sulfur components such as SOx contained in high-temperature gas or combustion gas can be simultaneously desulfurized.

  FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram showing a state in which a circulating fluidized bed apparatus according to still another embodiment of the present invention is configured to swing. Here, rocking is an action that dynamically enables solid particles to collide with heat transfer means (for example, a heat transfer plate) at an angle regardless of amplitude movement, vertical movement, rotation movement, or sliding. A concept that includes all operations. As shown in the figure, a fluidized bed in which inclined surfaces are periodically formed by rocking, and thus the heat transfer efficiency is improved dynamically by the inclination described above. In addition, when the circulating fluidized bed apparatus is mounted on a ship or the like, the ship sways at a predetermined cycle due to the influence of waves, so there is no need to provide power for swinging in particular, the riser part and the downcomer part are The slope is dynamically configured each time. In this case, although not shown, the solid particles 70 descend while sliding, rolling, and rebounding along the inclined inner wall surface. Therefore, the chance that the solid particles 70 come into contact with the first inner wall surface and the second inner wall surface where the heat transfer surface is interposed increases, and the amount of heat of the particles is in contact with the wall surface for a reasonable time. In addition, the heat transfer rate can be improved because the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing the particles after the heat transfer from the next to the next.

  The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

  Further, the above-described examples are merely examples of embodiments for embodying the technical idea according to the present invention, and the technical ideas according to the present invention can be applied to other embodiments. Is possible. For example, in the above description, a combustion engine of a ship (for example, a boiler or an engine of a ship) is described as an example of an industrial application in which the oscillation is spontaneously generated. However, the present application is not limited to a ship. For example, even in the case of a floating body, a vehicle, etc. provided in the ocean, the technical idea of the present application can be obtained by causing the inside of the riser unit 10 to flow while recovering heat from high-temperature gas or combustion gas supplied therefrom. Can be applied to achieve the effects of the present application.

  Furthermore, even when the apparatus, method, and system produced using the present invention are mounted on the secondary product and commercialized, the value of the present invention is not reduced at all.

  As described above, the outer wall (including the riser part and / or the downcomer part) of the fluidized bed apparatus or the circulating fluidized bed apparatus according to the present application is inclined so as to become narrower in the direction of gravity, so Solid particles can be dropped along the heat means (including the heat transfer surface and the heat generating plate). In addition, by providing the heat transfer means with an inclination in the outer shell, the solid particles can be dropped along the inclined heat transfer means. That is, a state is formed in which the solid particles are rolling on the surface of the heat transfer means, are in a state of sliding down, or the solid particles once dropped on the heat transfer means are rebounded. Therefore, the number of solid particles that come into contact with each other and the chance that the solid particles come into contact with the heat transfer means are increased. Since the overall heat transfer is promoted by changing from one to the next, an improvement in the heat transfer coefficient can be realized.

Especially in the case of a ship, since a high-efficiency diesel engine (low quality oil) is used as a power engine, the bad exhaust gas properties (soot, SOx, etc.) stand out. Due to restrictions such as installation space limitations and ship sway due to waves, energy-saving measures are difficult. Therefore, the present application exhibits a remarkable effect as an energy-saving measure in a ship that is compact and reliable with soot countermeasures and SOx countermeasures, and that makes effective use of rocking. Furthermore, in this application, the effect of carrying out environmental conservation and pollution control can be exhibited. These factors will become increasingly important in the future because heat recovery from waste heat will prevent global warming and desulfurization will prevent air pollution.

  Accordingly, the technical idea of the present application may be a floating body, a vehicle, etc. provided in the ocean without being limited to the scope of the ship, and is also applicable to a plant having a combustion engine, a power plant, and a factory related to the manufacturing industry. Is highly available and meets modern and future needs such as energy saving effects and environmental conservation measures, and brings great benefits to various industries in general.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS It is a state figure showing the state of the inner wall face of the riser part in the fluidized-bed apparatus and / or circulating fluidized-bed apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, The figure (a) is when a riser part is made upright. The state (b) shows a configuration in which the riser portion is inclined or a state of the surface of the heat transfer surface provided by being inclined inside the riser portion. It is a graph regarding the heat transfer rate of the fluidized-bed apparatus and / or circulating fluidized-bed apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, The same figure (a) is the riser part in a fluidized-bed apparatus and / or a circulating-type fluidized-bed apparatus. The graph which shows the relationship between a superficial velocity and a heat transfer coefficient is shown, The figure (b) shows the relationship between the particle | grain volume fraction of a riser part in a fluidized bed apparatus and / or a circulating fluidized bed apparatus, and a heat transfer coefficient. The graph shown is shown. It is a figure which shows the fluidized bed apparatus 3 and 4 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention, The figure (a) shows the mechanism in which the solid particle 70 flows through the inside of the riser part 10, and the fluidized bed of the figure (b) The device 4 shows a configuration in which one or a plurality of heat transfer surfaces 20-2 are provided inside the riser unit 10. It is a figure which shows the circulation type fluidized-bed apparatus 5 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the circulation type fluidized-bed apparatus 6 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the circulation type fluidized bed apparatus 7 which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a conceptual diagram which shows the state made into the structure which rocks | circulates the circulating fluidized-bed apparatus which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the fluidized bed apparatus by a prior art. It is a figure which shows the circulation type fluidized bed apparatus by a prior art.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 7 ... Ship, 10 ... Riser part (outside), 20-1 ... Heat transfer surface (heat transfer means), 20-2 ... Heat transfer surface (heat transfer means), 30 ... Dispersion plate, 40 ... Solid-gas separation part, DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 50 ... Downcomer part (outer), 60 ... Valve, 70 ... Solid particle, 80 ... Particle supply apparatus, 90 ... Particle recovery apparatus, 100 ... Heating part (heating means), 200 ... Air supply part (air supply means)

Claims (7)

Feeding sending a heating means for heating the solid particles by heat exchange with exhaust heat including direct heat exchange with the exhaust gas, a gas for transporting the solid particles after by that heating before or heated to the heating means a gas unit, the heat recovery apparatus using the solid-gas mixed flow comprising the outer provided around the gas which conveys the heated prior to or the solid particles after heating and this is conveyed by said gas,
The outer shell is configured to be inclined so as to be narrowed in the direction of gravity as a riser portion in which the solid particles are conveyed upward by the gas from the air feeding means ,
Tilting at least the outer shell of the heat exchanger of the heat recovery provided by inclined so Zaisa through the outer in the lower and central portion and / or the inner shell in order to carry out heat transfer by downflow floated said solid particles It further includes a heat exchanger for heat recovery provided at an angle ,
The superficial velocity (m / s), which is a value obtained by dividing the amount of gas passing by the inner cross-sectional area of the outer shell, can be circulated in the outer shell by allowing the solid particles to float up to the upper end of the outer shell and In order to allow the solid particles to float from the lower limit of 2.21 at which the particle volume fraction at the lower part of the outer shell rapidly decreases to the upper end of the outer shell and circulate in the outer shell and to have the superficial velocity. A heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer rate, characterized in that it is set between 4.0, which is an upper limit value that requires less energy consumption . Heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the pre Kigaikaku and / or heat transfer coefficient of claim 1, wherein the heat exchanger for the heat recovery is further swung, characterized in that it is configured. A downcomer part for transporting the solid particles downward from the upper part of the riser part, which is the outer shell, by the gas , and a lower part connected to the lower part of the riser part from the downcomer part Further comprising a pipe, the solid particles jumping out from above the riser part is configured to circulate in a closed loop formed by the riser part, the upper pipe, the downcomer part, the lower pipe ,
The downcomer portion configured to be inclined to be narrower in the direction of gravity,
The downcomer section is provided with a downcomer section heat exchanger for heat recovery interposed and inclined and / or the downcommer section heat exchanger for heat recovery is provided inclined within the downcommer section. The heat recovery apparatus provided with the function to improve the heat transfer rate of Claim 1 or Claim 2 . 4. The heat transfer coefficient according to claim 3 , wherein exhaust gas with back pressure exhausted from a main engine of a ship is used as the exhaust heat , and heat recovery from the exhaust gas is performed by the heat exchanger. Heat recovery device with a function to improve The heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving the heat transfer coefficient according to claim 4 , wherein a desulfurization agent is used as the solid particles and a sulfur component in the exhaust gas is also removed. The solid particles after heating before or heated that by the heat exchange with the exhaust heat including direct heat exchange with the exhaust gas, is conveyed by the gas supplied from the air supply means, the enclosure provided around the gas In the heat recovery method of the heat recovery device that performs heat recovery using a solid-gas mixed phase flow at
The outer shell is configured to be inclined so as to be narrowed in the direction of gravity as a riser portion in which the solid particles are conveyed upward by the gas from the air supply means, and further heat transfer is performed by downflow of the solid particles that have floated. Therefore, a heat exchanger for heat recovery is provided at least in a lower part and a central part of the outer shell so as to be inclined and / or inclined in the outer shell, and the amount of gas passing through the inner shell is cut off. The superficial velocity (m / s), which is a value divided by the area, allows the solid particles to float up to the upper end of the outer shell and circulates in the outer shell, and the particle volume fraction at the lower portion of the outer shell decreases rapidly. It requires only a energy consumption is small for the 2.21 which is the lower limit have the outline of the upper end to thereby float the said solid particles can be circulated within the outer shell and and the superficial velocity of Set between 4.0 which is a limit value constitutes the heat recovery device, having a function of improving the heat transfer rate, characterized in that by swinging the heat recovery device was heat recovery Heat recovery method for heat recovery device . The heat recovery method for a heat recovery apparatus having a function of improving a heat transfer rate according to claim 6, wherein the exhaust heat is exhaust gas exhausted from a main engine of a ship .

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