JP5677546B2 - Downwind windmill - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a downwind type windmill that performs power generation operation with a rotor arranged in the leeward, and particularly relates to a downwind type windmill improved to an arrangement of a transformer constituting a substation facility.

  Wind power generation is known as renewable energy together with solar power generation. From the viewpoint of CO2 reduction, the needs are increasing and the installation of wind turbines is being promoted rapidly. In a horizontal axis wind turbine, the wind turbines are roughly classified according to the arrangement of the rotor with respect to the wind direction. The wind turbines are roughly classified into an up-wind type wind turbine in which the rotor is arranged on the windward side and a down-wind type wind turbine in which the rotor is arranged on the leeward side. Currently, most windmills installed for wind power generation are upwind windmills.

  As mentioned above, upwind wind turbines are currently the mainstream, but in mountainous areas and offshore where wind blown from the bottom of the wind turbine increases, in the case of upwind wind turbines, the rotor rotating surface against the blown wind If the rotor is placed vertically, the rotor will collide with the prop that supports the windmill due to its shape, so the rotor rotation surface cannot be placed perpendicular to the wind, resulting in efficient wind energy. It cannot be used for rotor rotation, and power generation efficiency is reduced.

  On the other hand, in the case of a downwind type windmill, since the power generation operation is performed with the rotor arranged on the leeward side, the rotor does not collide with the prop even if the rotor rotation surface is arranged perpendicular to the blowing wind. Compared with an upwind wind turbine, energy can be efficiently used for power generation operation, which is advantageous. Therefore, installation of a downwind type windmill is desired in, for example, a mountainous area where offshore and wind blowing prevails.

  However, in the mountainous area and offshore described above, the installation space for the windmill is limited in the first place, and it is necessary to make it possible to install the windmill even in a space-saving manner. As a means for realizing space saving, it is conceivable to eliminate a transformer building that houses transformers individually provided outside the normal wind turbine.

  Here, as a publicly known technique in which a transformer is generally housed in a wind turbine to save space, there is one described in Patent Document 1, for example. In Patent Document 1, a storage chamber is provided in a support column, and a transformation opening / closing facility including a transformer and a switching device is provided inside the storage chamber.

JP 2006-9596 A

  However, including the windmill described in Patent Document 1, in general, the technology itself for storing the transformer inside the support column or the nacelle is known, but the installation space is very limited. For example, it is installed in a mountainous area or offshore. In the downwind type wind turbine suitable for the above, there is no technology that mentions that the transformer is housed in a nacelle that is a cargo room such as a prop or a generator. This is based on the fact that the current mainstream wind turbines are upwind type windmills, and thus there is no recognition of problems specific to downwind type windmills.

  In addition, in an upwind type windmill, power is generated with the rotor positioned on the windward side of the nacelle and prop, so the size of the prop and nacelle has little effect on the power generation efficiency. In this case, since the power generation operation is performed in a state where the rotor is located leeward than the nacelle or the support column, it is desirable to reduce the area of the nacelle or the support column as much as possible in order to increase the power generation efficiency. Trying to store the battery usually leads to an increase in the area of the nacelle and the support column, which in turn leads to a decrease in power generation efficiency. Therefore, in the downwind type windmill, it is not intended to house the transformer in the nacelle or the column, and cannot be discussed in the same manner as the upwind type windmill. Therefore, in the downwind type windmill, there is no idea of storing the transformer in the nacelle or the support column, and it is difficult to install the downwind type windmill in a limited installation space.

  This invention pays attention to the novel subject, and it aims at providing the downwind type windmill which can be installed in the limited installation space.

A downwind type windmill according to the present invention is disposed between a load chamber that supports a rotor and houses a generator therein, a support column that supports the load chamber, the generator and a power system, and A main transformer that boosts the voltage of the generated power of the machine and converts it into a system voltage of the power system, the main transformer is housed in the cargo compartment or the support column, and further, An auxiliary transformer is provided that receives a part of the generated power, reduces the voltage, and supplies power to an auxiliary machine of the downwind type windmill. The auxiliary transformer is the generator side of the main transformer. It is characterized by being connected to .

  According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a downwind type windmill that can be installed in a limited installation space.

It is a figure when the downwind type windmill concerning Example 1 is seen from the windward. It is a single line connection diagram of the downwind type windmill and electric power system concerning Example 1. 2 is a diagram illustrating the inside of a nacelle in Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a figure when the downwind type windmill concerning Example 2 is seen from the windward. It is a single wire connection diagram of the downwind type windmill and electric power system concerning Example 3.

  Examples of the present invention will be described below.

  A first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3. As shown in FIG. 1, the downwind type windmill according to the present embodiment supports a rotor 1 composed of three blades 7 and a hub (not shown) that rotate by receiving wind, and the rotor 1, which will be described later. A loading chamber (hereinafter referred to as a nacelle) 3 for storing a generator 9, a control device, and the like, and a support column 4 for supporting the nacelle 3 are schematically configured.

  As shown in FIG. 3, in the nacelle 3, a generator 9 that is connected to the rotor 1 and drives the rotor to generate power by rotation of the rotor 1, a gear 14 that is connected to the support column 4, A yaw driving device 13 that meshes with the gear 14 and drives the rotor 1 to yaw perpendicularly to the support column 4, a yaw control panel 12 that controls the drive of the yaw driving device 13, and the wind direction and wind speed are measured, and the yaw control panel An anemometer 11 for sending measurement data to 12 is housed.

  As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, in the support column 4, the system is located between the generator 9 and the power system 8 outside the windmill, and boosts the voltage of the generated power that is a medium voltage and has a high voltage. After receiving a part of the power generated by the main transformer 5 and the generator 9 to be converted into voltage, the voltage is stepped down to a low pressure, and then the power is supplied to the auxiliary devices 10 such as the anemometer 11 and yaw control panel 12 in the nacelle 3 described above. The auxiliary transformer 6 for supplying the power is housed in the lower part of the column 4. Here, the auxiliary machine 10 refers to a control device that controls the windmill including control of the pitch angle of the blades and the horizontal rotation angle of the blades according to the wind direction and the wind speed. A power cable is used to transport power from the generator 9 to the power system 8, and a magnetic shield is disposed around the power cable to prevent power noise from leaking out. In addition, an optical cable (not shown) is used for transmitting a control signal in the auxiliary machine 10 to prevent the rotor 1 from malfunctioning due to power noise. Furthermore, from the viewpoint of improving the cooling performance, amorphous transformers are used for the main transformer 5 and the auxiliary transformer 6. Since the main transformer 5 and the auxiliary transformer 6 have large weights, the stability of the wind turbine is improved by being arranged at the lower part of the support.

  FIG. 2 shows a single line connection diagram of this embodiment. In this embodiment, the electric power generated by the generator 9 is boosted by the main transformer 5 installed in the column 4 and transported to the power system 8 side outside the wind turbine.

  A method for controlling the yaw of the windmill and the pitch angle of the blade 7 will be described with reference to FIG. When the power generation operation is normally performed, the yaw control panel 12 receives power from the auxiliary transformer 6 side and the wind direction detected by the anemometer 11 when the rotating surface 2 of the rotor 1 is on the leeward side. The yaw driving device 13 is controlled so as to be vertical. Thus, by detecting the wind direction and controlling the rotating surface 2 of the rotor 1 with respect to the wind direction, sufficient kinetic energy of the wind can be obtained.

  On the other hand, when the vibration of the nacelle 3 becomes large, when the wind speed shows a value higher than a specified value, when the anemometer is broken, when the generator 9 is over-rotated, etc. Therefore, it is necessary to stop the rotation of the rotor 1. In such a case, the pitch angle of each blade 7 constituting the rotor 1 is adjusted, and each blade 7 is controlled to be parallel to the wind direction. Such control is also performed by the auxiliary machine 10, and the electric power is also supplied from the auxiliary transformer 6 side. By this control, each blade 7 is prevented from receiving lift from the wind, and the rotor 1 stops rotating.

When the above abnormal state is resolved and the rotor 1 resumes rotation, the pitch angle of the blade 7 must be adjusted and controlled by the auxiliary machine 10 to receive lift from the wind. However, the power for operating the auxiliary machine 10 cannot be received from the generator 9 side.
Therefore, at the time of resuming rotation, electric power for operating the auxiliary machine 10 is supplied from the power system 8 side via the main transformer 5. By receiving power supply from the power system 8 side and adjusting the pitch angle of the blades 7 to receive the lift from the wind, the rotor 1 resumes rotation and the power generation operation is performed again.

  Here, in the operation mode of the present embodiment, the electric power generated by the generator 9 is directly applied to the auxiliary transformer 6, and the auxiliary transformer 6 steps down and the anemometer 11 and the yaw control panel 12 etc. Power is supplied to the auxiliary machine 10. Thus, by directly taking the power to be applied to the auxiliary transformer 6 and supplied to the auxiliary machine 10 not from the high voltage system side but from the generator 9 side, the high voltage locations in the support column are reduced, In order to ensure insulation from the support wall, the distance between the power cable or the auxiliary machine 10 and the support wall can be shortened. In the downwind type windmill, the larger the diameter of the support, the less the amount of air hitting the rotor 1, leading to a decrease in power generation efficiency. From the viewpoint of not reducing the power generation efficiency, the diameter of the support for the downwind type windmill It is particularly beneficial to be able to store the transformer without making it as large as possible.

  By the way, in the up-wind type windmill, when power is supplied from the generator 9 to the auxiliary machine 10, the power supply to the auxiliary machine 10 is interrupted at the time of a power failure in which the generator 9 and the power system 8 are stopped simultaneously for some reason. In this case, control of the nacelle 3 in the yaw drive direction cannot be continued even if the above pitch angle control can be performed. If the wind cannot be controlled by the yaw drive mechanism and wind is received from the direction perpendicular to the axis of the rotor 1, wind load exceeding the design assumption will be applied and the safety of the windmill will be maintained, such as destruction of the yaw mechanism and tipping of the windmill. It may not be. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a backup power source from the viewpoint of ensuring safety. In such a case as well, in the case of a downwind type windmill, since it is assumed that the power generation operation is performed with the rotor 1 positioned in the leeward, the yaw drive cannot be controlled, and the yaw drive is optimized. Even if it is not possible, the rotor 1 is automatically located leeward, and at least the safety of the entire windmill can be maintained. This eliminates the need for a backup power source for ensuring safety and contributes to the realization of space saving. Also, for example, the downwind wind turbine according to the present embodiment is always down even when the power generation operation is an upwind type windmill and the function of switching to the downwind type windmill is added only when the power generation operation is stopped. Since it is a wind type wind turbine, there is no need to add a special configuration for switching, so various effects such as simplification of the mechanism, reduction of cost, and prevention of lowering of power generation efficiency by adding unnecessary mechanism are achieved. Can be obtained.

  Further, as mentioned in the prior art, in the case of a downwind type windmill, since the power generation operation is performed with the rotor 1 positioned on the leeward side, even if the rotation surface of the rotor 1 is arranged perpendicular to the blowing wind, The wind energy can be efficiently used for power generation operation as compared with an upwind wind turbine, and there is an advantage.

  In the downwind type windmill in the present embodiment, the main transformer 5 and the auxiliary transformer 6 are housed inside the support column 4, so that it is not necessary to provide a transformer building or the like outside the downwind type windmill. It is possible to install a downwind type windmill in a limited installation space. More specifically, the site creation work for the downwind type windmill can be reduced and the installation can be facilitated. Further, since the high voltage portion connected to the power system 8 of the downwind type windmill main transformer 5 and the auxiliary transformer 6 can be installed in the downwind type windmill, the main transformer 5 is provided outside the downwind type windmill. There is no need to install a protective fence to protect the high voltage part connected to the power system 8 of the auxiliary transformer 6 separately, further realization of space saving, cost reduction, and high voltage part The effect of improving the safety due to the fact that is not exposed. In this embodiment, the case where both the main transformer 5 and the auxiliary transformer 6 are housed inside the support column 4 has been described as an example. However, if at least one of them is housed inside, the installation space can be reduced. Is possible. From the viewpoint of reducing the installation space, it is more effective particularly when the main transformer 5 is housed inside the downwind wind turbine.

  Example 2 will be described with reference to FIG. In the first embodiment, the case where the main transformer 5 and the auxiliary transformer 6 are housed in the support column 4 has been described. However, as shown in FIG. 4, the main transformer 25 and the auxiliary transformer 26 are arranged inside the nacelle 23. It is also possible to fit in. In the single-line connection diagram, although there is a difference between being in the support column 4 or in the nacelle 23, there is no change in being in the windmill, so the description of the single-line connection here is omitted.

  Since the downwind type windmill in this embodiment stores the main transformer 25 and the auxiliary transformer 26 inside the nacelle 23, there is no need to provide a transformer building or the like outside the downwind type windmill. It is possible to install a downwind type windmill in a limited installation space. More specifically, the site creation work for the downwind type windmill can be reduced and the installation can be facilitated. Further, since the high voltage portion connected to the power system 8 of the main transformer 25 and the auxiliary transformer 26 of the downwind type windmill can be installed in the downwind type windmill, the main transformer 25 is provided outside the downwind type windmill. It is not necessary to install a protective fence for separately protecting the high voltage part connected to the power system 8 of the auxiliary transformer 26, further realizing space saving, cost reduction, and further, the high voltage part. The effect of improving the safety due to the fact that is not exposed.

  In addition, for the main transformer 25 and the auxiliary transformer 26, it is possible to reduce the installation space if at least one of them is housed inside, and either one is provided in the column in combination with the first embodiment, The degree of design freedom that the other is placed in the nacelle is allowed. From the viewpoint of reducing the installation space, it is more effective particularly when the main transformer 25 larger than the auxiliary transformer 26 is housed in the downwind wind turbine.

  Example 3 will be described with reference to FIG. In each of the above embodiments, the main transformer and the auxiliary transformer are separated from each other. However, in this embodiment, the functions of both transformers are provided by a single transformer. That is, a low voltage electric power is taken out from the main transformer 35 by adding a set of coils to the main transformer 35 housed in the column 4 to form three windings. By adopting such a configuration, an auxiliary transformer can be omitted, leading to a further reduction in installation space. In addition, although the present Example demonstrated the case where the main transformer 35 was installed in the support | pillar 4, it can also be installed in a nacelle.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Rotor 2 Rotating surface 3,23 Nacelle 4 Support | pillar 5,25,35 Main transformer 6,26 Auxiliary transformer 7 Blade 8 Electric power system 9 Generator 10 Auxiliary machine 11 Wind direction anemometer 12 Yaw control panel 13 Yaw drive device 14 gear

Claims (7)

A downwind type windmill that operates in a state where a rotor is arranged on the leeward side, and the downwind type windmill is
A load chamber that supports the rotor and accommodates a generator therein, a support column that supports the load chamber, and the generator and an electric power system are disposed between the generator and a power system to boost the voltage of the generated power of the generator. A main transformer for converting the system voltage into the system voltage of the power system,
The main transformer is housed in the cargo compartment or the column,
It is equipped with an auxiliary transformer that receives a part of the electric power generated by the generator, supplies the electric power to the auxiliary machine of the downwind type wind turbine after stepping down,
The downwind type wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein the auxiliary transformer is connected to the generator side of the main transformer. The downwind type windmill according to claim 1 , wherein an optical cable is used for transmitting measurement values and control signals in the cargo compartment and the support column, and a magnetic field is provided around a place where an electric signal or current flows. A downwind type windmill characterized by a shield. A downwind wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 2 ,
The downwind wind turbine according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the main transformer and the auxiliary transformer is disposed at a bottom portion in the support column. A downwind wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
At least one of the main transformer and the auxiliary transformer is an amorphous transformer. A downwind wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4 ,
The auxiliary machine transformer is configured by adding a set of coils to the main transformer to give the function of the auxiliary machine transformer. It is housed in a support column or cargo room that constitutes a downwind wind turbine that operates in a state where a rotor is arranged on the leeward side, located between the generator and the power system in the downwind wind turbine, and the voltage of the generated power is An operating method of a downwind type wind turbine comprising a main transformer that boosts and converts the system voltage into the system voltage of the power system, and an auxiliary machine that controls the downwind type windmill is connected to the generator,
During the power generation operation of the downwind type windmill, the downwind type windmill is controlled by operating the auxiliary machine with the electric power generated from the generator,
The downwind type windmill stops the power generation operation in the event of an abnormality, and when the abnormality is subsequently resolved, the downwind windmill operates the auxiliary machine with the electric power supplied from the system side via the main transformer. A downwind type windmill driving method characterized by controlling the type windmill. It is a driving | running method of the downwind type windmill of Claim 6 , Comprising:
A method of operating a downwind wind turbine, wherein the rotor is kept downwind without performing yaw control by the auxiliary machine at the time of a power failure of a generator and a power system.

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