JP5672598B2 - Negative pressure generation prevention structure and method for preventing negative pressure generation used during water tank pressure resistance test - Google Patents
Negative pressure generation prevention structure and method for preventing negative pressure generation used during water tank pressure resistance test Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 110
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
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- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000013022 venting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000012790 confirmation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007257 malfunction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 1
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Description
この発明は、球形、横置、縦置等の貯槽の水張試験や耐圧試験を行う際にバルブ故障やバルブ操作ミスなどにより、貯槽内部が負圧状態となることを防止する構造及び方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a structure and a method for preventing the inside of a storage tank from becoming a negative pressure state due to a valve failure or a valve operation error when performing a water filling test or a pressure resistance test of a storage tank such as a sphere, a horizontal installation, and a vertical installation. Is.
図１１及び図１２に示すように、水張耐圧試験を行う際に、バルブ故障やバルブ操作ミス等のヒューマンエラー、排水量に対する通気量が不足した場合などによって貯槽内部が負圧となり、貯槽を座屈損壊してしまうことがある。
１は、球形タンク、横置きタンク、縦置タンク等の貯槽、２は下部開口部、３は上部開口部、４は通気管（図１２に示す）である。２ａは下部開口部２に接続する水張水抜配管、３ａは上部開口部３に接続する空気出入配管である。Ａは空気、Ｗは水を示す。
As shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, when the water pressure test is performed, the internal pressure of the storage tank becomes negative due to a human error such as a valve failure or a valve operation error or a shortage of air flow with respect to the amount of drainage. It may break down.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a storage tank such as a spherical tank, a horizontal tank, and a vertical tank, 2 is a lower opening, 3 is an upper opening, and 4 is a vent pipe (shown in FIG. 12). Reference numeral 2 a denotes a water-filled drain pipe connected to the lower opening 2, and reference numeral 3 a denotes an air inlet / outlet pipe connected to the upper opening 3. A represents air and W represents water.
図１１は、上部開口部３を締め切った状態で下部開口部から水を排出する際に、貯槽壁板が薄い場合に貯槽１内部が負圧となって座屈を生じた状況を示す。殊に、高圧下で気体や液体を貯蔵する貯槽１は、通常の場合、使用圧力としての内圧を基準に耐圧設計がなされており、内部が大気圧以下に減圧すること、すなわち外圧が作用することを想定した設計は経済的観点もあって行われていないことが多い。そのため、上部開口部３の空気出入配管３ａの開口通気のための操作を忘れたり操作遅れなどのバルブ操作ミスやバルブ故障などがあった場合に、貯槽１の内部が負圧となって、Ｚに示すように貯槽を座屈損壊させる事故となった。 FIG. 11 shows a situation in which, when water is discharged from the lower opening with the upper opening 3 closed, when the storage wall plate is thin, the inside of the storage tank 1 becomes negative pressure and buckling occurs. In particular, the storage tank 1 for storing gas or liquid under high pressure is normally designed with a pressure resistance based on the internal pressure as the working pressure, and the internal pressure is reduced to below atmospheric pressure, that is, the external pressure acts. In many cases, such a design is not performed because of an economic viewpoint. Therefore, when the operation for venting the opening of the air inlet / outlet pipe 3a of the upper opening 3 is forgotten or there is a valve operation mistake or valve failure such as an operation delay, the inside of the storage tank 1 becomes negative pressure and Z As shown in Fig. 4, the tank was buckled and damaged.
図１２は、上部開口部３は締め切った状態で通気管４を吸排気に使用する事例で、この場合は水抜き時に、吸気ラインのサイズ不足、弁の開度不足、弁の故障や詰まり等の原因により途中で吸気量が追いつかずに、貯槽１内が負圧となって座屈を生じた状況を示す。つまり、排水量に比較して上部の通気管４から供給される空気量が少ないために内部が負圧になって、Ｚに示すように貯槽を座屈損壊させた事故例である。 FIG. 12 shows an example in which the vent pipe 4 is used for intake and exhaust while the upper opening 3 is closed. In this case, when draining water, the intake line is insufficient in size, the valve opening is insufficient, the valve is broken or clogged, etc. This shows a situation in which the intake amount does not catch up on the way due to the cause, and the inside of the storage tank 1 becomes negative pressure and buckling occurs. That is, this is an example of an accident in which the amount of air supplied from the upper vent pipe 4 is small compared to the amount of drainage, so that the internal pressure becomes negative and the storage tank buckles as shown by Z.
上記のような負圧による事故を防止する従来技術として、例えば特許文献１の特開２００３−１２８１８４号「タンク、コンテナ等の容器の破損防止機構」がある。この発明は、下部に排出部、上部にエア抜き部を有する型の容器の破損防止機構において、排出部の開放操作に連動させてエア抜き部の開放操作を行わせる連結手段またはエア抜き部の開放操作後でないと排出部の開放操作を行えないようにする連結手段を備えているものである。 As a conventional technique for preventing an accident due to the negative pressure as described above, for example, Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-128184 “Mechanism for preventing damage to containers such as tanks and containers” is disclosed. The present invention relates to a mechanism for preventing damage to a container having a discharge portion at the bottom and an air vent portion at the top, and a connecting means or an air vent portion for performing the opening operation of the air vent portion in conjunction with the opening operation of the discharge portion. It is provided with connecting means for preventing the discharge portion from being opened only after the opening operation.
また、他の従来技術として、例えば特許文献２の特開２００３−３０１９６９号「真空安全弁の作動確認方法及びその作動確認構造」がある。この発明は、真空安全弁の負圧側配管の内部を作動側空間と開放側空間とに仕切るよう、シール板を挿入して作動空間を密閉し、シール板をスライドさせることにより作動側空間を負圧にして真空安全弁の作動を確認するようにしたものである。 As another conventional technique, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-301969 of “Patent Document 2”, “Operation Confirmation Method and Operation Confirmation Structure of Vacuum Safety Valve”. This invention inserts a seal plate so as to partition the inside of the vacuum side pipe of the vacuum safety valve into the working side space and the open side space, seals the working space, and slides the sealing plate to make the working side space negative pressure. Thus, the operation of the vacuum safety valve is confirmed.
図１１に示すように貯槽の水張り満水の耐圧試験を行う際に、バルブ操作の忘れや遅れなどのミスやバルブ故障などにより貯槽内が著しく負圧になることにより、貯槽１を座屈損壊させる事故が発生することがある。 As shown in FIG. 11, when performing a pressure test of water filled with water in the storage tank, the storage tank 1 is buckled and damaged due to a significant negative pressure in the storage tank due to mistakes such as forgotten or delayed valve operation or valve failure. Accidents may occur.
図１２に示すように水抜きの途中で吸気量が排水量に追いつかない場合、つまり水張試験や耐圧試験後の排水を行う際に、上部の通気管４から供給される空気量が少ない状況になっても貯槽１の内部を著しく負圧にさせることなく、貯槽１を座屈損壊させる事故が発生しないような機構が求められている。 As shown in FIG. 12, when the amount of intake air does not catch up with the amount of drainage in the middle of draining water, that is, when draining after a water tension test or pressure resistance test, the amount of air supplied from the upper vent pipe 4 is small. Even so, there is a demand for a mechanism that does not cause an accident that causes buckling of the storage tank 1 without significantly reducing the inside of the storage tank 1.
特許文献１の特開２００３−１２８１８４号「タンク、コンテナ等の容器の破損防止機構」の発明は、エア抜き部が開放されていない状態での内容物の排出が行われないような機構とされているので、作業者の不注意で容器内に負圧が生じてしまうようなことはなく、作業者の取扱い不注意等による容器の破損を完全に防止できるが、通常使用時の構造機構であるため、装置が複雑でメンテナンスが大変であった。 The invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-128184 “A mechanism for preventing damage to containers such as tanks and containers” is a mechanism that prevents the contents from being discharged without the air vent being opened. Therefore, there is no negative pressure in the container due to carelessness of the operator, and damage to the container due to careless handling by the worker can be completely prevented. As a result, the equipment was complicated and maintenance was difficult.
また特許文献２の特開２００３−３０１９６９号「真空安全弁の作動確認方法及びその作動確認構造」の発明は、簡単な構造で真空安全弁の作動を容易に確認することができるが、圧力検査時における高圧状態から急激な負圧に変化するのを確認するものではない。 In addition, the invention of Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-301969 disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-301969 can easily confirm the operation of the vacuum safety valve with a simple structure. It does not confirm a change from a high pressure state to a sudden negative pressure.
この発明は上述のような従来技術が有する問題点に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、水張耐圧試験を行う際に、上部のマンホールや通気管など開口部のバルブ操作の忘れや遅れなどのミスやバルブ故障、或いは吸気量の不足などにより、貯槽内部が負圧状態とならないように、自動的に空気を吸い込むようにした吸排気装置を水張耐圧試験時に使用する負圧発生防止構造及び負圧発生防止方法を提供することにある。
The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and the object of the present invention is to control the valve operation of an opening such as an upper manhole or a vent pipe when performing a hydrostatic pressure test. A negative pressure to be used for water pressure test that uses an intake / exhaust device that automatically inhales air to prevent negative pressure inside the storage tank due to mistakes such as forgetting or delay, valve failure, or insufficient intake volume. The object is to provide a pressure generation prevention structure and a negative pressure generation prevention method.
請求項１の発明に係る貯槽の水張り耐圧試験時に使用する負圧発生防止構造は、貯槽１の下部開口部２からの水張りと同時に、貯槽１の頂部の上部開口部３からの空気抜き機能を有し、貯槽１内の満水時に水が外部にリークしない耐圧密閉機能を有し、かつ貯槽１の下部開口部２からの水抜き時に貯槽１の上部開口部３から空気が流入する吸気機能を有し、該上部開口部３には中央部を開口したシール面体７と、該シール面体７の開口周縁と接する浮力弁体ガイド１０と、該浮力弁体ガイド１０の内部を水の浮力で垂直に上下動する浮力弁体６と、浮力弁体ガイド１０の下部に浮力弁体６を保持する支持枠体８と外殻の吸排気調整室９とで形成した一体型の吸排気装置５を貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３に設け、上記浮力弁体６が浮力弁体ガイド１０に沿って水の浮力で垂直方向に上下動し、該浮力弁体６は満水時及び昇圧時に浮力弁体ガイド１０の上面に設けたシール面体７に密着シールし、水抜き負圧時には浮力弁体６は浮力弁体ガイド１０に沿って下降し、該浮力弁体ガイド１０の下部に設けた支持枠体８で浮力弁体６を保持するように形成したことを特徴とする。
The structure for preventing negative pressure generation used at the time of the water filling pressure test of the storage tank according to claim 1 has a function of venting air from the upper opening 3 at the top of the storage tank 1 simultaneously with water filling from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1. And a pressure-resistant sealing function that prevents water from leaking to the outside when the storage tank 1 is full, and an intake function that allows air to flow from the upper opening 3 of the storage tank 1 when water is drained from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1. The upper opening 3 has a seal face 7 having an opening at the center, a buoyancy valve element guide 10 in contact with the periphery of the opening of the seal face 7, and the inside of the buoyancy valve element guide 10 is perpendicular to the buoyancy of water. An integral intake / exhaust device 5 formed by a buoyancy valve element 6 that moves up and down, a support frame 8 that holds the buoyancy valve element 6 below the buoyancy valve element guide 10, and an intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 9 of the outer shell. 1 provided in the upper opening 3 of the top portion, the buoyant valve body 6 is buoyant valve body guide The buoyancy valve body 6 is vertically moved with the buoyancy of water along 0, and the buoyancy valve body 6 is tightly sealed to the seal face body 7 provided on the upper surface of the buoyancy valve body guide 10 when the water is full and the pressure is increased. The valve body 6 is formed so as to descend along the buoyancy valve body guide 10 and to hold the buoyancy valve body 6 by a support frame 8 provided at a lower portion of the buoyancy valve body guide 10 .
請求項２の発明に係る貯槽の水張り耐圧試験時における負圧発生防止方法は、貯槽１の下部開口部２からの水張りと同時に、貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３からの空気抜き機能を有し、満水時に水がリークしない耐圧密閉機能を有し、かつ下部開口部２からの水抜き時に上部開口部３から空気が流入する吸気機能を有する浮力弁体６とシール面体７と支持枠体８と外殻の吸排気調整室９と浮力弁体ガイド１０とを設けて形成した一体型の吸排気装置５を貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３に取付け、上記水張り時には下部開口部２からの水張りとともに上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５から排気し、満水及び昇圧時には吸排気装置５を密封状態に閉塞し、水抜き時には貯槽１内部が負圧にならないように下部開口部２からの排水とともに上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５から吸気することを特徴とする。
Negative pressure generating prevention method at the time of water filling pressure test of the reservoir according to the invention of claim 2, at the same time as water filling from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1, have a vent function from the upper opening 3 of the tank 1 top The buoyancy valve body 6, the seal face body 7, and the support frame body 8 have a pressure-resistant sealing function that prevents water from leaking when the water is full, and an intake function that allows air to flow in from the upper opening 3 when draining from the lower opening 2. water filling and attaching the gas supply and exhaust means 5 of the intake and exhaust adjusting chamber 9 and the buoyant valve body guide 10 integral formed by providing a shell in the upper opening 3 of the tank 1 top, from the lower opening 2 at the time of the water filling At the same time, the air is exhausted from the intake / exhaust device 5 provided in the upper opening 3, and the intake / exhaust device 5 is closed in a sealed state when the water is full and pressurized, and from the lower opening 2 so that the inside of the storage tank 1 does not become negative pressure when draining. the upper opening 3 together with the waste water Characterized by suction from the intake and exhaust device 5 digit.
請求項１の発明に係る貯槽の水張り耐圧試験時に使用する負圧発生防止構造は、貯槽１の下部開口部２からの水張りと同時に、貯槽１の頂部の上部開口部３からの空気抜き機能を有し、貯槽１内の満水時に水が外部にリークしない耐圧密閉機能を有し、かつ貯槽１の下部開口部２からの水抜き時に貯槽１の上部開口部３から空気が流入する吸気機能を有し、該上部開口部３には中央部を開口したシール面体７と、該シール面体７の開口周縁と接する浮力弁体ガイド１０と、該浮力弁体ガイド１０の内部を水の浮力で垂直に上下動する浮力弁体６と、浮力弁体ガイド１０の下部に浮力弁体６を保持する支持枠体８と外殻の吸排気調整室９とで形成した一体型の吸排気装置５を貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３に設け、上記浮力弁体６が浮力弁体ガイド１０に沿って水の浮力で垂直方向に上下動し、該浮力弁体６は満水時及び昇圧時に浮力弁体ガイド１０の上面に設けたシール面体７に密着シールし、水抜き負圧時には浮力弁体６は浮力弁体ガイド１０に沿って下降し、該浮力弁体ガイド１０の下部に設けた支持枠体８で浮力弁体６を保持するように形成したので、水張り時には貯槽１内の空気を上部開口部３から排出し、満水時には耐圧試験時には浮力弁体６でシール面体７を閉塞して圧力を保持し、水抜き時には上部開口部３から排水量以上の吸気が可能となり必要空気量を取り込むため、吸気量の不足がなく負圧になることなく安全性が向上する。
The structure for preventing negative pressure generation used at the time of the water filling pressure test of the storage tank according to claim 1 has a function of venting air from the upper opening 3 at the top of the storage tank 1 simultaneously with water filling from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1. And a pressure-resistant sealing function that prevents water from leaking to the outside when the storage tank 1 is full, and an intake function that allows air to flow from the upper opening 3 of the storage tank 1 when water is drained from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1. The upper opening 3 has a seal face 7 having an opening at the center, a buoyancy valve element guide 10 in contact with the periphery of the opening of the seal face 7, and the inside of the buoyancy valve element guide 10 is perpendicular to the buoyancy of water. An integral intake / exhaust device 5 formed by a buoyancy valve element 6 that moves up and down, a support frame 8 that holds the buoyancy valve element 6 below the buoyancy valve element guide 10, and an intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 9 of the outer shell. 1 provided in the upper opening 3 of the top portion, the buoyant valve body 6 is buoyant valve body guide The buoyancy valve body 6 is vertically moved with the buoyancy of water along 0, and the buoyancy valve body 6 is tightly sealed to the seal face body 7 provided on the upper surface of the buoyancy valve body guide 10 when the water is full and the pressure is increased. the valve body 6 is lowered along a buoyant valve body guide 10, since the formed so as to hold the buoyant valve body 6 in the support frame 8 which is provided in the lower part of該浮force valve element guide 10, during water filling the reservoir 1 Air is discharged from the upper opening 3, and when the water is full, the buoyancy valve body 6 closes the seal face body 7 to keep the pressure during the pressure resistance test, and when draining, the upper opening 3 can take in more than the amount of water discharged and the required air volume Therefore, safety is improved without a negative pressure and no negative pressure.
この浮力弁体６とシール面体７と支持枠体８と外殻の吸排気調整室９と浮力弁体ガイド１０とを設けて形成した一体型の吸排気装置５を取付けて水張耐圧試験を行えば、水張り時に貯槽１内の残存気体の排気が容易となり、完全排気によって耐圧試験圧力を容易に得ることができ、耐圧試験を安全に行うことができる。この構造は、電気信号や測定器具を必要としないため機器の故障や操作ミスなどの不具合がなく、排水時の負圧による座屈損壊に対する安全を確保することができる。
The buoyancy valve body 6, the seal face body 7, the support frame body 8, the outer shell air intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 9, and the buoyancy valve body guide 10 are provided and an integrated intake / exhaust device 5 is attached to perform a water tension pressure test. If it carries out, it will become easy to exhaust the residual gas in the storage tank 1 at the time of water filling, a pressure | voltage resistant test pressure can be obtained easily by complete exhaustion, and a pressure | voltage resistant test can be performed safely. Since this structure does not require an electrical signal or measuring instrument, there is no malfunction such as equipment failure or operation error, and safety against buckling damage due to negative pressure during drainage can be ensured.
請求項２の発明に係る貯槽の水張耐圧試験時における負圧発生防止方法は、貯槽１の下部開口部２からの水張りと同時に、貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３からの空気抜き機能を有し、満水時に水がリークしない耐圧密閉機能を有し、かつ下部開口部２からの水抜き時に上部開口部３から空気が流入する吸気機能を有する浮力弁体６とシール面体７と支持枠体８と外殻の吸排気調整室９と浮力弁体ガイド１０とを設けて形成した一体型の吸排気装置５を貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３に取付け、上記水張り時には下部開口部２からの水張りとともに上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５から排気し、満水及び昇圧時には吸排気装置５を密封状態に閉塞し、水抜き時には貯槽１内部が負圧にならないように下部開口部２からの排水とともに上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５から吸気するので、
水張り時の残存気体の排気が容易になり、空気抜きを完全に行い、満水時の水密性が良く昇圧及び試験圧力維持も確実となり、試験時間の工程短縮化が図れ、かつ耐圧試験を安全に行うことができる。さらに水抜き排水時の負圧による座屈損壊に対する予防策となり安全確実に行うことができる。
Negative pressure generating prevention method at the time MizuCho withstand voltage test of the reservoir according to the invention of claim 2, at the same time as water filling from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1, have a vent function from the upper opening 3 of the tank 1 top The buoyancy valve body 6, the seal face body 7, and the support frame have a pressure-resistant sealing function that prevents water from leaking when the water is full, and an intake function that allows air to flow from the upper opening 3 when draining from the lower opening 2. 8 and mounting the intake and exhaust device 5 of the intake and exhaust adjusting chamber 9 and the buoyant valve body guide 10 integral formed by providing a shell in the upper opening 3 of the tank 1 top, from the lower opening 2 at the time of the water filling The air is exhausted from the intake / exhaust device 5 provided in the upper opening 3 together with water filling, and the intake / exhaust device 5 is closed in a sealed state when the water is full and pressurized, and from the lower opening 2 so that the inside of the storage tank 1 does not become a negative pressure when draining. set the upper opening 3 together with the drainage of the Since the intake air from the intake and exhaust system 5,
Residual gas can be easily exhausted when water is filled , air is completely removed, water tightness is high when the water is full, pressure increase and test pressure are maintained, test time is shortened, and pressure test is performed safely. be able to. Furthermore, it is a preventive measure against buckling damage due to negative pressure during drainage and drainage, and can be performed safely.
この発明に係る貯槽の水張耐圧試験時に使用する負圧発生防止構造及び負圧発生防止方法について、圧力容器に属する球形タンクを事例にして図１から図１０を参照しながら説明する。
図１から図１０にわたって同一の用語には同一の符号を使用し、各符号の説明は一部を省略している。この実施形態は、既設又は新規建設の貯槽の水張試験や耐圧試験の際の負圧発生防止構造に適用する。
A negative pressure generation prevention structure and a negative pressure generation prevention method used at the time of a hydrostatic pressure test of a storage tank according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 10 by taking a spherical tank belonging to a pressure vessel as an example.
1 to 10, the same reference numerals are used for the same terms, and a part of the description of each reference is omitted. This embodiment is applied to a negative pressure generation prevention structure in a water-filling test or a pressure test of an existing or newly constructed storage tank.
本発明は下記の実施形態にのみ限定されるものではなく、本発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で下記の実施形態に変更（例えば構成要素の省略又は付加、構成要素の形状の変更等）を加えることが出来るのはもちろんである。
１は貯槽、２は下部開口部、３は容器頂部に位置する上部開口部、４は通気管（図７、図８に示す）で、２ａは下部開口部２に接続する水張水抜配管である。
上部開口部３にはこの発明に係る吸排気装置５を設置する。５ａは吸排気装置５に接続する吸排気配管である。Ａは空気、Ｗは水を示す。
The present invention is not limited only to the following embodiments, and modifications (for example, omission or addition of components, changes in shape of components, etc.) are made to the following embodiments without departing from the gist of the present invention. Of course you can.
1 is a storage tank, 2 is a lower opening, 3 is an upper opening located at the top of the container, 4 is a vent pipe (shown in FIGS. 7 and 8), and 2 a is a water-filled drain pipe connected to the lower opening 2. is there.
An intake / exhaust device 5 according to the present invention is installed in the upper opening 3. Reference numeral 5 a denotes an intake / exhaust pipe connected to the intake / exhaust device 5. A represents air and W represents water.
図１は、貯槽頂部の上部開口部に空気抜き機能及び吸気機能を備えた一体型の吸排気装置を設けて水の張り込みを実施している状況を示す。
貯槽１の下部開口部２の水張水抜配管２ａのバルブを開けて貯槽１内に水Ｗを張り込むと同時に、貯槽１頂部の上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５の吸排気配管５ａからはこの水量に見合った量の空気Ａを排気している。
FIG. 1 shows a situation in which an integrated intake / exhaust device having an air vent function and an intake function is provided at the upper opening of the top of the storage tank and water is filled.
At the same time as opening the valve of the water-filled drain pipe 2a at the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1 to fill the storage tank 1 with water W, the intake / exhaust pipe 5a of the intake / exhaust device 5 provided at the upper opening 3 at the top of the storage tank 1 Is exhausting an amount of air A corresponding to this amount of water.
図２は、図１の部分拡大斜視説明図で、吸排気装置の取付け部の詳細を示す。
吸排気装置５は、浮力弁体６と、シール面体７と、支持枠体８とからなり、水張り途中には、浮力弁体６は支持枠体８上に載置しシール面体７部は開口状態となり、矢印に示すように空気Ａが抜ける構造となっている。
貯槽１内の空気Ａは、上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５の吸排気配管５ａから排気される。
FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged perspective explanatory view of FIG. 1 and shows details of a mounting portion of the intake / exhaust device.
The intake / exhaust device 5 includes a buoyancy valve body 6, a seal face body 7, and a support frame body 8. In the middle of water filling, the buoyancy valve body 6 is placed on the support frame body 8, and the seal face body 7 portion is opened. As shown by the arrows, the air A escapes.
Air A in the storage tank 1 is exhausted from an intake / exhaust pipe 5 a of an intake / exhaust device 5 provided in the upper opening 3.
図３は、水張り満水後の昇圧の状況を矢印で示す。
下部開口部２の水張水抜配管２ａのバルブを開けて貯槽１内に水Ｗを張り込んで満水にした後に、さらに水圧で矢印のように昇圧して水張試験や耐圧試験を実施する。この際に、上部開口部３に設けた吸排気装置５は閉塞状態で耐圧構造を有している。
FIG. 3 shows the state of pressure increase after water filling with arrows.
After opening the valve of the water-filled drain pipe 2a of the lower opening 2 to fill the storage tank 1 with water W, the water tank 1 is further filled with water W, and then the water pressure is increased as shown by the arrow to perform a water-filling test or a pressure test. At this time, the intake / exhaust device 5 provided in the upper opening 3 has a pressure-resistant structure in a closed state.
図４は、図３の吸排気装置５取付け部の詳細を示す。
浮力体構造の浮力弁体６は水Ｗに浮いた状態で空気の排出に伴って上昇する。この浮力弁体６は例えば比重が０．９程度の部材で形成し、かつシール面体７は浮力弁体６に密着する形状に形成することにより、空気が完全に排出された後に浮力弁体６がシール面体７に密着して閉塞する。この閉塞によって水Ｗは漏れることなく密封状態となって耐圧試験時の昇圧と圧力維持を確実にする。
FIG. 4 shows details of the attachment portion of the intake / exhaust device 5 of FIG.
The buoyancy valve body 6 having the buoyancy structure rises as the air is discharged while floating in the water W. The buoyancy valve body 6 is formed of, for example, a member having a specific gravity of about 0.9, and the seal face body 7 is formed in a shape that is in close contact with the buoyancy valve body 6, so that the buoyancy valve body 6 is completely discharged after the air is completely discharged. Close to the sealing face 7 and closes. By this blockage, the water W is sealed without leaking to ensure the pressure increase and pressure maintenance during the pressure resistance test.
図５は、水抜き時の状況を示す。
満水で貯槽１の水張耐圧試験を実施した後に、下部開口部２に接続する水張水抜配管２ａから水Ｗを排出する。この際に、浮力弁体が降下することにより容器内部が負圧にならないように上部開口部３に設置した吸排気装置５の吸排気配管５ａから空気Ａが流入する。
FIG. 5 shows the situation when draining.
After the water-filled pressure resistance test of the storage tank 1 is performed with the full water, the water W is discharged from the water-filled drain pipe 2 a connected to the lower opening 2. At this time, air A flows in from the intake / exhaust pipe 5a of the intake / exhaust device 5 installed in the upper opening 3 so that the inside of the container does not become negative pressure due to the buoyancy valve body descending.
図６は、図５の吸排気装置５の取付け部の詳細を示す。
水抜きを開始すると浮力弁体６はシール面体７から離脱し開放状態となり、支持枠体８の上に降下し、吸排気配管５ａから空気Ａが流入する。この吸排気装置５は、水張試験水の排水量以上の吸気が可能なサイズとし、負圧とならないようにただちに必要空気量を取り込む構造とする。
FIG. 6 shows details of a mounting portion of the intake / exhaust device 5 of FIG.
When water drainage is started, the buoyancy valve body 6 is detached from the seal face body 7 and opened, and descends onto the support frame body 8 so that air A flows from the intake / exhaust pipe 5a. The intake / exhaust device 5 has a size that allows intake of water equal to or greater than the amount of drainage of the water-filled test water, and has a structure that immediately takes in a necessary amount of air so as not to become negative pressure.
図７は、通気管を備えた貯槽の場合における水抜き途中の状況を示す。
満水で貯槽１の耐圧試験を実施した後に、下部開口部２に接続する水張水抜配管２ａから水Ｗを排出して貯槽１の水位が低下した状態である。この際に、水張水抜配管２ａから排出する水Ｗの量に対して通気管４から吸気する空気Ａの量が不足する場合に、容器内部が負圧にならないように上部開口部３に設置した吸排気装置５の吸排気配管５ａから必要量の空気Ａが流入する。
FIG. 7 shows a situation in the middle of draining in the case of a storage tank equipped with a vent pipe.
After the pressure resistance test of the storage tank 1 is performed with full water, the water W is discharged from the water-filled drain pipe 2a connected to the lower opening 2, and the water level of the storage tank 1 is lowered. At this time, when the amount of air A sucked from the vent pipe 4 is insufficient with respect to the amount of water W discharged from the water-filled drain pipe 2a, it is installed in the upper opening 3 so that the inside of the container does not become negative pressure. The required amount of air A flows in from the intake / exhaust pipe 5a of the intake / exhaust device 5 that has been used.
図８は、図７の吸排気装置５の取付け部の詳細を示す。
浮力弁体６は支持枠体８の上に降下し、シール面体７から離脱し開放状態となっている。水Ｗの排出量に対して通気管４からの空気Ａの吸気量が不足する場合に、吸排気配管５ａから必要量の空気Ａが流入する。この吸排気装置５は、水張試験水の排水量以上の吸気が可能なサイズとし負圧を生ずることのない必要空気量を取り込む構造とする。
FIG. 8 shows details of a mounting portion of the intake / exhaust device 5 of FIG.
The buoyancy valve body 6 descends on the support frame body 8 and is detached from the seal face body 7 and is in an open state. When the intake amount of the air A from the vent pipe 4 is insufficient with respect to the discharge amount of the water W, the necessary amount of air A flows from the intake / exhaust pipe 5a. This intake / exhaust device 5 has a structure that allows intake of air larger than the amount of drainage of water-filled test water and takes in a necessary amount of air that does not cause negative pressure.
図９は吸排気装置５の一部を欠如した斜視説明図で、図１０は水Ｗを満たし密封シールした状況を示している。
吸排気装置５は水張試験や耐圧試験を行う際に使用するもので上部フランジに着脱する一体化した簡便な構造で、満水時の耐圧試験圧力に耐える構造とする。この吸排気装置５は、浮力弁体６と、シール面体７と、支持枠体８と、外殻の吸排気調整室９と、浮力弁体ガイド１０とからなり、水張り時には空気を抜き、満水時及び昇圧時には閉塞し、水抜き時には開口する構造とする。
浮力弁体６は、浮力弁体ガイド１０の内部を水の浮力で垂直に上下動するように形成し、図１０に示すように、満水時にはシール面体７に広い面積で接触して密着シールし、水Ｗがリークすることなく耐圧密閉機能を維持し、負圧時にはシール面体７から離脱し下降する。
浮力弁体６は、図に示す球体の他、円錐体などの形状でも良く、浮力弁体ガイド１０の内部を水Ｗの浮力で垂直に上下動し、シール面体７に広い面積を有する当接部７ａで密着してシールする構造とする。
この浮力弁体６は、圧力で変形することがない部材、例えば耐圧性のゴム材、合成樹脂材、金属材などで形成する。
シール面体７の当接部７ａは中央部を開口し浮力弁体６との接触面に沿った湾曲面に形成し、開口部周縁は浮上した浮力弁体６が面接触してシールし閉塞する構造とする。
支持枠体８は、通気と通液が可能な桟や格子状の枠体で、浮力弁体６の荷重を支える構造とする。
FIG. 9 is a perspective explanatory view in which a part of the intake / exhaust device 5 is missing, and FIG. 10 shows a state where the water W is filled and hermetically sealed.
The intake / exhaust device 5 is used when performing a water tension test or a pressure test, and has a simple and integrated structure that can be attached to and detached from the upper flange, and has a structure that can withstand a pressure test pressure when the water is full. The intake / exhaust device 5 includes a buoyancy valve body 6, a seal face body 7, a support frame 8, an intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 9 for an outer shell, and a buoyancy valve body guide 10. The structure is closed at the time of pressurization and pressure increase and opened at the time of draining water.
The buoyancy valve body 6 is formed so that the inside of the buoyancy valve body guide 10 moves vertically up and down by the buoyancy of water, and as shown in FIG. The water pressure W sealing function is maintained without leakage of the water W, and when the negative pressure is applied, the water W separates and descends.
The buoyancy valve body 6 may have a conical shape in addition to the sphere shown in the figure, and the inside of the buoyancy valve body guide 10 moves vertically up and down by the buoyancy of the water W so as to contact the seal face body 7 with a large area. A structure in which the portion 7a is tightly sealed is used.
The buoyancy valve body 6 is formed of a member that is not deformed by pressure, such as a pressure-resistant rubber material, a synthetic resin material, a metal material, or the like.
The abutting portion 7a of the seal face 7 is formed in a curved surface along the contact surface with the buoyancy valve body 6 at the center, and the periphery of the opening is sealed and closed by the surface contact of the buoyancy valve body 6 that has floated. Structure.
The support frame 8 is a bar or lattice-like frame that allows ventilation and liquid passage, and has a structure that supports the load of the buoyancy valve body 6.
このように、貯槽の水張試験や耐圧試験等の施工において吸排気装置を設置することにより、水張り時の残存気体の排気が容易になり、完全排気は耐圧圧力を容易に得ることができ、試験時間の工程短縮化が図れ、かつ耐圧試験を安全に行うことができる。さらに水抜き排水時の負圧による座屈損壊に対する予防策となり安全を確保できる。この構造は、電気信号や測定器具を必要としないため、建設時や定期点検時等で、別途設置した圧力監視装置等に不具合が生じた場合でも排水時の安全を確保できる。
In this way, by installing an intake / exhaust device in construction such as a water filling test or a pressure test of a storage tank, it becomes easy to exhaust the residual gas during water filling, and complete exhaust can easily obtain a pressure resistance, The test time can be shortened and the pressure resistance test can be performed safely. Furthermore, it is a preventive measure against buckling damage due to negative pressure during drainage and drainage, and safety can be ensured. Since this structure does not require electrical signals or measuring instruments, safety can be ensured during drainage even if a failure occurs in a separately installed pressure monitoring device or the like during construction or periodic inspection.
この発明に係る貯槽の水張耐圧試験時に使用する負圧発生防止構造及び負圧発生防止方法は、球形や横置等の各種構造の貯槽や配管などの設備について、水張耐圧試験のみならず、試験運転時や通常運転時に取付けた場合には、バルブの故障やバルブ操作ミスなどによって負圧状態となることを防止するなど広範囲に適用することができる。
The negative pressure generation prevention structure and the negative pressure generation prevention method used during the water pressure test of the storage tank according to the present invention are not limited to the water pressure test for facilities such as storage tanks and pipes of various structures such as a spherical shape and a horizontal position. When it is installed during test operation or normal operation, it can be applied in a wide range such as preventing negative pressure due to valve failure or valve operation error.
１ 貯槽
２ 下部開口部
２ａ 水張水抜配管
３ 上部開口部
３ａ 空気出入配管
４ 通気管
５ 吸排気装置
５ａ 吸排気口
６ 浮力弁体
７ シール面体
７ａ 当接部
８ 支持枠体
９ 吸排気調整室
１０ 浮力弁体ガイド
Ｚ 座屈部
Ｗ 水
Ａ 空気
1 Storage tank
2 Lower opening
2a Water-filled drain pipe
3 Upper opening
3a Air access piping
4 Vent pipe
5 Intake / exhaust device
5a Intake / exhaust port
6 Buoyancy valve
7 Seal face
7a Contact part
8 Support frame
9 Intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 10 Buoyancy valve element guide
Z buckling
W Water
A Air
Claims (2)
At the same time as water filling from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1, it has a function of venting air from the upper opening 3 at the top of the storage tank 1 , and has a pressure-resistant sealing function that prevents water from leaking outside when the storage tank 1 is full of water, and possess when drainage of water from the lower opening 2 of the tank 1 from the upper opening 3 of the reservoir 1 a suction function of air flows, the sealing facepiece 7 to the upper opening 3 having an open central portion, said sealing facepiece A buoyancy valve element guide 10 in contact with the peripheral edge of the opening 7, a buoyancy valve element 6 that moves vertically up and down in the buoyancy valve element guide 10 by the buoyancy of water, and a buoyancy valve element 6 at the lower part of the buoyancy valve element guide 10. An integrated intake / exhaust device 5 formed by the supporting frame body 8 to be held and the intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 9 of the outer shell is provided in the upper opening 3 at the top of the storage tank 1 , and the buoyancy valve element 6 serves as the buoyancy valve element guide 10. The buoyancy valve body 6 moves up and down in the vertical direction due to the buoyancy of water, and the buoyancy valve body 6 is full and pressurized. The seal face body 7 provided on the upper surface of the buoyancy valve body guide 10 is tightly sealed, and when draining negative pressure, the buoyancy valve body 6 descends along the buoyancy valve body guide 10 and is provided below the buoyancy valve body guide 10. A negative pressure generation prevention structure used in a water-tight pressure resistance test, characterized in that the buoyancy valve body 6 is held by a support frame 8 .
At the same time the water filling from the lower opening 2 of the storage tank 1, have a vent function from the upper opening 3 of the tank 1 top, has a pressure-resistant closed function water does not leak during full capacity, and from the lower opening 2 It is formed by providing a buoyancy valve body 6, a seal face body 7, a support frame body 8, an outer shell intake / exhaust adjustment chamber 9, and a buoyancy valve body guide 10 having an intake function for air to flow in from the upper opening 3 when draining water. Install the intake and exhaust device 5 integrated in the upper opening 3 of the tank 1 top, during the water filling evacuated from the intake and exhaust device 5 provided in the upper opening 3 with water filling from the lower opening 2, absorption at the time of full level and boost The exhaust device 5 is closed in a sealed state, and air is sucked from the intake / exhaust device 5 provided in the upper opening 3 together with the drainage from the lower opening 2 so that the inside of the storage tank 1 does not become negative pressure when draining water. During water filling pressure test Pressure generating prevention method.
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| JPS5827039A (en) * | 1981-08-12 | 1983-02-17 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Hydraulic pressure tester |
| JPS6367494U (en) * | 1986-10-23 | 1988-05-06 | ||
| JPH0436442U (en) * | 1990-07-23 | 1992-03-26 |
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