JP5663746B2 - Manufacturing method of metal parts - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to how to manufacture the small metal parts by using friction stir process technology.

  A cylindrical pin, a cylindrical pin having a large diameter head, a cylindrical pin having a part with a different diameter, and a hollow part in order to fix, join, engage, and connect the first member and the second member A cylindrical pin having a cylindrical shape and a cylindrical pin having a screw groove formed in a cylindrical portion are widely used. These cylindrical pins are parts used in large quantities when assembling a structure, and are required to have accurate dimensional accuracy and to be manufactured as inexpensively as possible.

  For example, as a method of manufacturing a cylindrical pin having a large-diameter head, a cylindrical metal member having a predetermined outer diameter and length is prepared, and the portion that becomes the large-diameter head is left without being processed. A method has been disclosed in which the spindle portion is cut with a lathe using a lathe so that the machining accuracy is high, the machining process is simplified, and the cost is reduced (Patent Document 1). This cylindrical pin with a large diameter head is used in combination with a guide pin with a center hole to guide the spindle part to mechanically integrate the lower half and the upper half of the cartridge containing the magnetic tape. ing.

JP 7-45032 A

  The method of manufacturing a cylindrical pin having a large-diameter head disclosed in Patent Document 1 uses a lathe to form a small-diameter support shaft portion by cutting with a lathe. There is a problem that a cylindrical pin having a high dimensional accuracy cannot always be obtained depending on the technical ability. Moreover, when using a lathe, it is necessary to repeat cutting and dimension measurement, and there exists a problem that processing time becomes long and cost becomes high, so that high dimensional accuracy is requested | required. There is also a problem of generation of chips and the like.

An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a metal part with high dimensional accuracy and a metal part manufacturing apparatus.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a metal part in a short time and a metal part manufacturing apparatus .

The metal part manufacturing method of the present invention is characterized by a first processing jig having an opening having a predetermined depth and shape and a second processing jig having a recess having a predetermined depth and shape. The step of rotating the at least one of the first processing jig and the second processing jig by guiding the metal material to be processed into the opening and the recess and pressing and facing each other, and the frictional heat generated by the rotation A method of manufacturing a metal part comprising the step of plastically flowing the entire inside of the opening of the first processing jig and the entire inside of the recess of the second processing jig by reducing the deformation resistance of the metal material to be processed In
The opening of the first processing jig and the concave portion of the second processing jig are arranged so as to be in contact with both surfaces in the pressing direction of the metal material to be processed,
In the metal material to be processed, a volume equal to the sum of the volume of the opening of the first processing jig and the volume of the recess of the second processing jig plastically flows, and the first processing jig The first member plastically flowed into the opening and the second member plastically flowed into the recess of the second processing jig are separated from the workpiece metal material other than the opening and the recess to form a metal part. It is to be done .
The metal part manufacturing method related to the present invention is characterized in that a metal material to be processed is formed by pressing the tip of a processing means having a hole having a predetermined depth and shape at the tip on the surface of the metal material to be processed. And a step of rotating at least one of the machining means, a step of reducing the deformation resistance of the metal material to be machined by frictional heat generated by the rotation, and plastically flowing into the opening of the machining means, and a hole in the machining means from the metal material to be machined The method includes a step of separating the portion of the metal material to be plastically flowed. When the processing means is pressed against the metal material to be processed and the processing means is rotated, frictional heat is generated, and this frictional heat raises the temperature of the portion of the metal material to be processed that abuts the processing means, so that plasticity is produced under low stress. The area around which the plastic flow of the metal material to be processed does not appear is a stopper, and the metal material to be processed flows into the opening formed at the tip of the processing means, and the opening formed in the processing means is formed. A metal part having a hole as a mold is formed. The time during which the plastic flow is developed becomes longer in proportion to the rotation time, and the amount of the metal material to be processed flowing into the opening of the processing means increases due to the plastic flow, and the metal part becomes larger. Plastic flow occurs when the metal material to be processed is in a solid state, so that the structure of the metal material to be processed does not become coarse. On the other hand, the surface area of the metal part becomes finer than other areas by friction stirring of the processing means. Therefore, superplastic flow occurs in the high temperature state during processing (a temperature more than half of the numerical value representing the melting point of the metal material to be processed in absolute temperature), the deformation stress is small, and the plastic flow Sex becomes very large. On the other hand, it is possible to increase the mechanical strength of the metal part when the temperature returns to room temperature after the processing is completed. Since frictional heat is generated by rotating the workpiece metal and the processing means in the opposite directions in a state where they are pressed against each other, rotating the machining means with the workpiece metal stationary and the machining means stationary. This corresponds to rotating the workpiece metal material and rotating the workpiece metal material and the processing means in opposite directions or in the same direction at different speeds.

As the metal material to be processed used in the method of manufacturing a metal part to which the present invention relates, magnesium, a magnesium alloy, aluminum, and an aluminum alloy are preferable. Examples of magnesium alloys include magnesium alloys containing at least one kind of aluminum Al, zinc Zn, zirconium Zr, manganese Mn, lithium Li, iron Fe, silicon Si, copper Cu, nickel Ni, calcium Ca, and rare earth elements. Examples of the aluminum alloy include an aluminum alloy containing at least one kind of copper Cu, manganese Mn, silicon Si, magnesium Mg, zinc Zn, nickel Ni, chromium Cr, and titanium Ti.

Another feature of the method of manufacturing a metal part to which the present invention relates is that the front end of the first processing means having a hole having a predetermined depth and shape at the front end on one surface of the metal material to be processed is pressed. And a step of pressing at least one of the first processing means and the second processing means by pressing the second processing means having a concave portion having a predetermined depth and shape on the other surface of the metal material to be processed, friction by rotation A process of causing the deformation resistance of the metal material to be processed by heat to cause plastic flow in the opening of the first processing means and the recess of the second processing means, and the first processing means and the second processing means are in contact with each other. A step of stopping rotation immediately before, a workpiece metal material portion plastically flowed from the workpiece metal material into the opening of the first machining means, and a workpiece metal material portion plastically flowed into the recess of the second machining means. It is in the point provided with the process to separate. When one or both of the processing means are rotated by pressing the first processing means and the second processing means from both sides of the metal material to be processed, frictional heat is generated, which is applied to the rotating processing means by the frictional heat. By increasing the temperature of the part of the metal material to be in contact, plastic flow develops under low stress, and the surrounding region where the plastic flow of the metal material to be processed does not develop serves as a stopper to open the first machining means. The metal material to be processed flows into the recesses of the inside and the second processing means, and a metal part is formed in which the space formed by combining the opening of the first processing means and the recess of the second processing means is a mold. Is done. This metal part manufacturing method has the following advantages. The first advantage is that when a metal part having a large diameter portion in the middle in the length direction is manufactured, the opening of the first processing means and the concave portion of the second processing means to be a mold are formed at the large diameter portion. By dividing, it becomes possible to manufacture a metal part having a large diameter portion in the middle in the length direction using plastic flow. The second advantage is that when a metal part having a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction on one end side has a shape other than a circle, a portion having a circular cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction at the opening of the first processing means , A metal having a cross-section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction on one end side of a shape other than a circle at one end. It becomes possible to manufacture parts.

Another feature of the method of manufacturing a metal part to which the present invention relates is that a bar-shaped workpiece metal material is guided and pressed into an opening of a processing means having an opening having a predetermined depth and shape at the tip part, A step of rotating at least one of the processing means and the metal material to be processed, a step of reducing the deformation resistance of the metal material to be processed by frictional heat caused by the rotation and plastically flowing the entire inside of the opening of the processing means, and processing from the metal material to be processed In the point which comprises the process of isolate | separating the to-be-processed metal material part plastically flowed in the opening of the means.

Still another feature of the method of manufacturing a metal part to which the present invention relates is that a first processing means having an opening having a predetermined depth and shape and a second processing means having a recess having a predetermined depth and shape. And rotating the at least one of the first processing means and the second processing means by guiding the work metal material into the opening and the recess and pressing and facing each other, the frictional heat generated by the rotation of the work metal material The deformation resistance is lowered to plastically flow in the entire opening of the first processing means and in the entire recess of the second processing means. It is preferable that the metal material to be processed has a volume substantially equal to the sum of the volume of the opening of the first processing means and the volume of the recess of the second processing means. According to this manufacturing method, there exists an advantage which does not require the process of isolate | separating the metal component formed by the plastic flow from the to-be-processed metal material.

The metal part manufacturing apparatus related to the present invention is characterized by means for holding a metal material, processing means having an opening of a predetermined depth and shape at the tip, means for rotationally driving the processing means, It has a means for moving at least one of the holding means and the processing means along a line connecting both means, and means for pressing the processing means against the surface of the metal member to be processed. With this configuration, it is possible to form a metal part using the plastic flow of the metal member to be processed without applying thermal energy from the outside. This processing apparatus may be a single function apparatus for forming a metal part, or may be an apparatus portion responsible for one process among a plurality of processes of a progressive press apparatus.

The material of the processing means used in the metal part manufacturing apparatus related to the present invention is required to have low heat resistance, wear resistance, and wettability (does not adhere to the metal material to be processed), and the specific material is stainless steel. (For example, SUS steel), tool steel (for example, SK steel), superalloy (Ni-based, Fe-based, Co-based), ceramics (CBN (cubic boron nitride), ZrO ₂ , SiC, Si ₃ N ₄ , SiALON, Al ₂ O ₃ , Y ₂ O ₃ and composite materials thereof), and metal / ceramic composite materials (for example, cermet) can be used.

Another feature of the metal part manufacturing apparatus related to the present invention is that it has a holding means for holding a metal material having a concave portion with a predetermined shape and a predetermined shape on the surface, and an opening with a predetermined depth at the tip. Processing means, means for rotationally driving at least one of the processing means and the holding means, means for moving at least one of the holding means and the processing means along a line connecting the two means, and the processing means on the surface of the metal member to be processed And means for pressing. This device is suitable for manufacturing metal parts using two molds and utilizing plastic flow. The method of holding the holding means stationary and rotating the processing means is opposite to the holding means and processing means. There are ways to rotate in different directions or in the same direction. In particular, it is a manufacturing apparatus suitable for manufacturing a metal part having a shape other than circular in cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction on one end side.

A feature of the metal part to which the present invention relates is a structure having an axial center portion with a predetermined length and a circular cross section, and a region adjacent to the surface of the axial center portion being made finer than other regions. In the point. By making the area adjacent to the surface of the metal part smaller than the other areas, the mechanical strength can be increased, which is advantageous. This metal part is suitable for use as a small part such as a pin or a bolt for fixing, coupling, engaging or connecting a member used in a portable information terminal, a home appliance, an automobile part, a railway vehicle or the like.

According to the method for producing a metal part of the present invention, the metal part is made into a predetermined shape formed in the machining means by expressing the plastic flow of the metal material to be machined using frictional heat, and in a few seconds, the metal part The manufacturing time can be greatly shortened and the cost can be reduced as compared with the case where conventional machining techniques are used. Moreover, since the opening formed in the processing means is used as a mold, metal parts having the same dimensions and dimensional accuracy can always be manufactured. The present invention also provides a method of forming the metal part of the present invention by utilizing plastic flow, and presses the processing means against the surface of the metal material to be processed without applying heat energy from the outside and rotates it. Further, the metal part can be manufactured by expressing plastic flow by linear movement .

Method for producing a metallic component of the present invention is concerned is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a. It is a block diagram illustrating a process of manufacturing method of the metallic components to which the present invention is related. It is a schematic enlarged view for explaining the operation of the manufacturing method of the metallic components to which the present invention is related. Mechanical properties of the metal parts and manufacturing by the method to which the present invention is concerned is a schematic cross-sectional size to explain the benefits of one. Tissue state of the metal component which manufactures by the method to which the present invention is concerned is a photomicrograph showing. Is a diagram showing a result of the mechanical strength of manufacturing metal parts were measured. It is the schematic which shows an example of the manufacturing method of this invention metal components which manufactures the pin which has a large diameter head. FIG. 8 is a front view, a plan view, and a bottom view of a pin having a large-diameter head manufactured in FIG. 7. It is the schematic which shows an example of the manufacturing method of this invention metal components which manufactures the modification of a pin which has a large diameter head. FIG. 10 is a front view, a plan view, and a bottom view of a pin having a large-diameter head manufactured in FIG. 9. It is the schematic which shows an example of the manufacturing method of this invention which manufactures the pin which has a large diameter part in the middle. It is the front view, top view, and bottom view of a pin which has a large diameter part in the middle manufactured in FIG. It is the schematic which shows one Example which manufactures the metal component which has a through-hole in an axial direction with the manufacturing method with which this invention is concerned . It is the front view and top view of a metal component which were manufactured with the method of FIG. It is the schematic which shows the method of manufacturing a metal component using the rod-shaped to-be-processed metal material 111 with which this invention was related . It is the schematic which shows the manufacturing method of the metal component in which this invention was related using the metal material of a short rod shape. It is the front view and top view of a metal component which were manufactured with the method of FIG. It is a schematic front view and a bottom view of the metallic component manufacturing apparatus to which the present invention is related. It is a schematic diagram of another metallic component manufacturing apparatus to which the present invention is related. It is a schematic diagram of different metals component manufacturing apparatus to which the present invention is related.

An embodiment of a method for forming a metal part according to the present invention is a plastic flow by friction stirring by a stainless steel processing means having a magnesium alloy as a metal material to be processed and having a hole having the same shape as the metal part at the tip portion on the surface thereof. The simplest method is to form a metal part using Magnesium and magnesium-based alloys are lightweight metal materials and tend to be widely used as metal parts for portable information terminals, home appliances, automobile parts, railway vehicles, etc. There remains a problem to be solved. The present invention can solve this problem.

FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 are process diagrams showing one process of a method for manufacturing a metal part related to the present invention. In FIG. 1, 11 is a plate-shaped metal material to be processed as a metal part material, and 12 is a work piece. A processing table for mounting and fixing the metal material 11, a processing jig 13 having an opening 13 b having a shape of a metal part at the tip end portion 13 a, and a holding jig for rotatably supporting the processing jig 13. It is a tool. The processing jig 13 is rotated by a rotational drive source and has means for pressing with a predetermined pressure in the direction of the tip portion 13a. When a metal part is manufactured using the metal material 11 to be processed, the metal material 11 to be processed is placed at a predetermined position on the processing table 12 and fixed by mechanical, electrostatic or vacuum adsorption (step of FIG. 2). A) With the processing jig 13 having the opening 13b having the same outer shape as the metal part to be manufactured attached to the holder 14, the tip 13a is placed on the surface of the metal material 11 while rotating the processing jig 13. Pressing at a predetermined processing speed and pressure (step B in FIG. 2). When the front end portion 13a of the processing jig 13 is rotated and pressed against the surface of the processed metal material 11, the surface region of the processed metal material 11 in contact with the front end portion 13a of the processing jig 13 rises in temperature due to frictional heat. As a result, the metal material to be processed is softened, and is easily agitated by the rotation of the processing jig under pressure to be in a high strain processing state, and is refined by dynamic recrystallization or the like. This reduces the deformation resistance of the metal material to be processed. The microstructure thus refined exhibits a superplastic phenomenon that facilitates plastic deformation at high temperatures. Due to the occurrence of the superplastic phenomenon, plastic flow occurs, and further, even in a region that is not miniaturized, it softens and plastically flows under high temperature conditions (step C in FIG. 2). As will be described later, the plastic flow flows toward the opening 13b of the processing jig 13, fills the entire opening 13b with the metal material 11 to be processed as shown in FIG. To do. Thereafter, the pressing / rotation of the processing jig 13 is stopped (step D in FIG. 2). As a result, a metal component 15 having the same shape as the opening 13b shown in FIG. 1C is obtained. In FIG. 1B, the metal material 11 to be processed and the metal part 15 are separated by the processing jig 13, but considering the long-term use of the manufacturing apparatus, the processing is performed immediately before the processing jig 13 and the processing table 12 come into contact with each other. The pressing of the jig 13 is preferably stopped, and the processing using the plastic flow is finished in a state where the metal part 15 and the metal material 11 to be processed are connected by a thin metal material to be processed. Therefore, it is necessary to finally separate the metal part 15 and the workpiece metal material 11 (step E in FIG. 2).

  The reason why a metal part is formed along the shape of the opening 13b by plastic flow will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is an exaggerated and enlarged view of FIG. 1B for convenience of explanation, and the vicinity of the surface of the region 11a where the tip 13a of the processing jig 13 of the metal material 11 is in contact is superplastic. This shows a state in which the phenomenon is generated and plastic flow is generated in the direction of the black arrow. On the other hand, in the lower part away from the surface of the region 11a where stirring does not occur, the deformation resistance decreases due to the temperature rise due to frictional heat, and plastic flow is generated in the direction of the white arrow by the pressing force of the processing jig 13 (normal heat Close to the inter-molding). The region 11a of the metal material 11 that exhibits the superplastic phenomenon is surrounded by a surrounding region 11b that does not exhibit the superplastic phenomenon, and is pressed in the direction of the white arrow Y12. The jig 13 is pressed in the directions of white arrows Y13 and Y14 by the tip 13a and the holding jig 14, pressed in the directions of the black arrows Y11a and white arrows Y12a, and the processing jig 13 indicated by the black arrows Y11b and white arrows Y12b. The direction of the opening 13b is the only flow direction. The flow into the opening 13b continues in proportion to the time during which frictional stirring by the processing jig 13 is continued, and the opening 13b is filled with the metal material 11 to be processed. Therefore, a metal part is obtained by plastic flow using the opening 13b as a mold.

  When the projection is formed on the surface of the metal material to be processed by plastic flow, a recess called sink is formed on the back side of the projection. However, when manufacturing a metal part, the processing jig 13 is moved as close as possible to the processing table 12. Therefore, since the metal material to be processed and the metal part can be separated, the occurrence of sink marks is eliminated.

Important matters in the manufacturing method of the metallic components to which the present invention is concerned is a set of processing conditions. When magnesium, magnesium-based alloy, aluminum, and aluminum-based alloy are processed as metal materials to be processed at room temperature, the rotation speed of the processing jig is 200 to 20000 rpm, preferably 500 to 5000 rpm, and the indentation pressure is preferably 50 kg / cm ² or more. .

The point which is excellent in the mechanical characteristic of the metal component manufactured with the manufacturing method of the metal component which this invention relates using FIG. 4 is demonstrated. The region of the workpiece metal material 11 that is frictionally stirred by the processing jig 13 is refined (expression of dynamic recrystallization or the like). The refined region becomes easy to plastically deform due to a decrease in deformation resistance at a high temperature and the like, and a plastic flow occurs due to the development of a superplastic phenomenon and flows into the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 to form the metal part 15. To do. The near-surface region 15a in FIG. 4 is a region having a structure refined by friction stirring. When a metal part is manufactured by a method related to the present invention, the refined structure exists over substantially the entire circumference of the metal part, so that the mechanical strength can be improved.

FIG. 5 is a photomicrograph showing the structural state of a metal part manufactured by a manufacturing method related to the present invention, and shows a portion marked with a circle in FIG. As is apparent from the photograph, it can be seen that the structure in the region near the surface is made finer than the others.

FIG. 6 shows the result of measuring the mechanical strength of a metal part manufactured by the metal part manufacturing method related to the present invention. The tester used an Izod impact tester (WR = 3 kg · m) manufactured by Tester Sangyo Co., Ltd., and prepared and measured three samples each of which formed metal parts under the same conditions at room temperature (20 ° C.). The vertical axis in the figure represents the impact value, and the horizontal axis represents the type of magnesium alloy. The dotted line and the alternate long and short dash line in the figure indicate the impact value of each material of AZ31 and ZK60A. Specimen AZ31 plate (AZ31t2) and AZ31 sheet having a thickness of 3mm (AZ31t3) and small-diameter portion having a diameter of 3mm by a method in which the present invention is related to ZK60A sheet of thickness 3.1mm of thickness 2 mm, a height of about 4mm The metal part shown in FIG. 4 having a diameter of 6 mm and a height of 4 mm is formed. As can be seen from FIG. 6, the impact values of the metal parts formed by the method related to the present invention are all greater than the material. This is due to the fact that a fine structure is formed over substantially the entire surface area near the surface of the metal part and that the area other than the surface area is crystal-grown by frictional heat.

FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing one embodiment for producing a metal part having a large-diameter head by the metal part producing method of the present invention. In FIG. 7, 11 is a plate-shaped workpiece metal material that becomes the material of the metal component, 12 is a processing table on which the workpiece metal material 11 is placed and fixed, and 13 is an opening that forms the outer shape of the metal component at the tip portion 13a. A processing jig having a circular section 13b has the same reference numerals as those in FIG. The processing table 12 is formed with a circular recess 12a having a diameter larger than the diameter of the opening 13b at a position facing the opening 13b. When manufacturing the pins, the metal material 11 to be processed may be placed and fixed on the processing table 12 and rotated while pressing the processing jig 13 on the surface thereof. As a result, the metal material 11 exhibits a superplastic phenomenon or the deformation resistance decreases due to temperature rise due to frictional heat, and plastically flows into the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 and the recess 12a of the processing table 12. A pin 151 having a large-diameter head shown in FIG. 8 is formed using the opening 13b and the recess 12a as a mold. 8A is a front view of the metal part, FIG. 8B is a plan view, and FIG. 8C is a bottom view. The pin 151 includes a small-diameter support shaft portion 151a formed by the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 and a large-diameter head portion 151b formed by the concave portion 12a of the processing table 12, and in the drawing, the spherical surface of the large-diameter head portion 151b. A + -shaped groove 151b1 is formed in the portion. The groove shape is not limited to +, and may be a negative shape or a circular shape as necessary, or a groove may not be formed.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing an embodiment for producing a metal part having a large-diameter head by the method for producing a metal part of the present invention. 9 differs from FIG. 7 in the shapes of the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 and the recess 12a of the processing table 12. FIG. That is, the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 includes a large-diameter portion 13b1 positioned at the opening and a small-diameter portion 13b2 positioned at the back, and the concave portion 12a of the processing table 12 is the large-diameter portion 13b1 of the processing jig 13. It has a square cross-section with sides having the same length as the diameter of and a circular protrusion 12a1 on the bottom surface. When the workpiece metal material 11 is sandwiched between the machining jig 13 and the machining table 12 and the machining jig 13 is rotated and processed while being pressed toward the workpiece metal material 11 side, the large-diameter head shown in FIG. Are formed. 10A is a front view of a metal part, FIG. 10B is a plan view, and FIG. 10C is a bottom view. The pin 152 includes a small-diameter support shaft portion 152a formed by the small-diameter portion 13b2 of the opening 13b of the processing jig 13, a head 152b having a circular cross section formed by the large-diameter portion 13b1, and a concave portion of the processing base 12. 12a is formed of a large-diameter head having a square cross section inscribed in a circular shape of the cross section of the head 152b. Reference numeral 152d denotes a circular recess provided in the head plane of the large-diameter head 152c, and is not limited to this shape as described in FIG.

FIG. 11 is a schematic view showing an embodiment for producing a metal part having a large diameter portion in the middle by the metal part production method of the present invention. In FIG. 11, the opening 13 b of the processing jig 13 has three cross-sectional circular holes 13 b 3, 13 b 4, and 13 b 5 that gradually decrease in diameter from the opening end toward the back, and the recess 12 a of the processing table 12 is on the opening side. In addition, the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 has a substantially hemispherical portion 12a1 having the same diameter as the opening end and a circular hole portion 12a2 having a smaller diameter at the back. The workpiece metal material 11 is sandwiched between the machining jig 13 and the machining table 12 and rotated in opposite directions while being pressed against the workpiece metal material 11 side, whereby the large diameter portion is formed in the middle shown in FIG. The pin 153 is formed. 12A is a front view of a metal part, FIG. 12B is a plan view, and FIG. 12C is a bottom view. The pin 153 has large-diameter portions 153b and 153c between the small-diameter support shaft portions 153a and 153d at both ends.

Example 1 to which the present invention relates

FIG. 13 is a schematic view showing an example of manufacturing a metal part having a through hole in the axial direction by the method of manufacturing a metal part related to the present invention. In FIG. 13, a feature is that a pin 13 c reaching from the bottom to the opening end is formed in the opening 13 b of the processing jig 13. The shape of the opening 13b is shown in the figure and is not limited to this. The workpiece metal material 11 is sandwiched between the machining jig 13 and the machining table 12 and rotated in directions opposite to each other while being pressed against the workpiece metal material 11 side, whereby a through hole 154a is formed in the axial direction shown in FIG. Can be formed. FIG. 14A is a front view of a metal part, and FIG. 14B is a plan view. In this embodiment, if the length of the pin 13c is shortened so as not to reach the opening end, a metal part having a bottomed hole instead of a through hole can be formed.

Example 2 to which the present invention relates

FIG. 15 is a schematic view showing another example of a method of manufacturing a metal part to which the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a metal part using the rod-shaped workpiece metal material 111. As shown in FIG. 15, a rod-shaped metal workpiece 111 having a diameter smaller than the opening end of the opening 13 b of the processing jig 13 is prepared, and this is set in the direction of the opening 13 b of the processing jig 13 (black). It is characterized by filling the opening 13b by plastic flow with the metal material 111 to be processed using the frictional heat generated by rotating while pressing the arrow. When the hole 13b is filled with the metal material 111 to be processed, the rotation of the metal material 111 is stopped, and at the position indicated by the white arrow, the metal material 111 is positioned in the hole 13b by, for example, a cutting tool and other portions. Separate the parts. In this case, the processing jig 13 may be rotated in the opposite direction to the metal material 111 to be processed. Although FIG. 15 shows a state in which the axis of the bar-shaped metal workpiece 111 is horizontal, the present invention is not limited to this, and the axis of the bar-shaped metal workpiece 111 may be vertical. When making the axis of the rod-shaped metal workpiece 111 vertical, it is preferable to place the machining jig 13 downward and make the pressing direction downward from the top because the plastic flow of the metal workpiece 111 can be made smooth. .

Example 3 to which the present invention relates

Figure 16 is a schematic diagram showing a different Do that examples of a method for manufacturing a metal part of the present invention is related to a method of manufacturing a metal part with a workpiece metal material 112 (billets) of short and small rod-shaped. As shown in FIG. 16, the opening of the opening 13 b of the processing jig 13 has substantially the same volume as the sum of the volume of the opening 13 b of the metal part, that is, the processing jig 13 and the volume of the recess 12 a of the processing table 12. A short rod-shaped workpiece metal material 112 having a smaller diameter is prepared, and this is mounted on the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 and the recess 12a of the processing table 12, and rotated while being pressed. . In the initial state, the processing jig 13 and the processing table 12 are separated from each other, but as the plastic flow of the metal material 112 to be processed progresses using frictional heat, the distance between the two becomes smaller, and finally just before the contact, A metal part 155 shown in FIG. 17 is obtained. FIG. 17A is a front view of a metal part, and FIG. 17B is a plan view. According to this method, the separation work by a byte is not necessary.

Example 4 to which the present invention relates

FIG. 18 is a schematic view showing an example of a metal part manufacturing apparatus related to the present invention. 18A is a front view, and FIG. 18B is a side view. In FIG. 18, 51 is a base on which the apparatus is installed, 52 is a frame fixed to the base 51, 53 is a work holding head supported by the frame 52 so as to be movable in the XY direction on a horizontal plane, and 531 is a work holding head 53. The temperature / pressure sensor 54 embedded in the vicinity of the surface is driven by a drive motor (not shown) with a drive shaft that moves the work holding head 53 in the vertical direction. 55 is a work holder that is supported by the work holding head 53 and has a recess as required, 56 is a rotary tool comprising the processing jig 13 and the holder 14 shown in FIG. 1, and 57 is a tool holder that holds the rotary tool 56. , 58 is a tool holder drive motor that supports the tool holder 57 and moves the tool holder 57 in the vertical direction, 581 is a constant speed / low load control device supported by the tool holder drive motor, 59 is supported by the frame 52, This is a tool rotation motor that supports the tool holder drive motor 58 and drives the rotary tool 56 to rotate. The rotary tool 56 may be only the processing jig 13 of FIG. The work holder 57 may be rotatable.

  When a metal part is manufactured using the metal part manufacturing apparatus having such a configuration, the metal material to be processed is placed and fixed on the work holder 55, and the work holding head 53 is moved in the XY directions to move the metal material to be processed. The determined position of the surface is opposed to the rotation tool 56. Next, the tool holder 57 is moved downward by the tool holder drive motor 58 while rotating the rotary tool 56 by the tool rotation motor 59, and the rotary tool 56 is brought into contact with the metal member surface with a predetermined pressure. As a result, a plastic flow is generated on the surface of the metal member by frictional heat, and a metal part is formed with the opening formed in the rotary tool as a mold. When the metal part is formed, the tool holder 57 is moved upward by the tool holder drive motor 58 to move the rotary tool 56 away from the work holder, the tool rotation motor 59 is stopped, and the rotary tool 56 is stopped.

  Pressure control and position control can be used as a control method for bringing the rotary tool 56 into contact with the metal member surface at a predetermined pressure. Pressure control has the advantage that stable pin dimensional control is possible with a constant load, but has the disadvantage of complicated system configuration. Specifically, it is realized by mounting a strain gauge and a load cell on a stage and a rotating shaft. In addition, it is possible to consider a change in the load applied when forming metal parts due to thermal effects. Position control can be realized by controlling the stage and the rotation axis with a servo motor or the like, and has an advantage that the control is relatively easy. However, if the thickness of the workpiece to be provided is not uniform, there is a drawback that the dimensional accuracy of the metal part is lowered. As a solution, there is a method in which the plate thickness is always managed by a laser displacement meter and adjusted for each part manufacture.

Example 5 to which the present invention relates

FIG. 19 is a schematic view showing another example of a metal part manufacturing apparatus related to the present invention. FIG. 19A shows an example in which a recess 12b1 for receiving the protrusion 13a1 is formed at a portion facing the protrusion 13a1 and the protrusion 13a1 on the surface of the processing table 12 on the periphery of the tip portion 13a of the processing jig 13. Is a shape in which the surface of the tip portion 13a of the processing jig 13 is inclined toward the holding base 14 from the central portion toward the peripheral portion, and the surface of the holder 14 is a portion facing the surface of the tip portion 13a of the processing jig 13. The example which formed the recessed part 12b2 from which a depth becomes large toward a periphery from the center part is shown. By adopting these shapes, the metal flow direction of the metal material whose deformation resistance is reduced by pressing and rotating the tip portion 13a of the processing jig 13 is limited in the direction of plastic flow by the projections 13a1 to the direction toward the opening 13b. The hole 13b can be filled smoothly.

Example 6 to which the present invention relates

Figure 20 is a schematic diagram showing a different Do that examples of the metal component manufacturing apparatus to which the present invention is related. 20A shows an example in which a gas vent passage 13d is formed in the vicinity of the bottom of the opening 13b of the processing jig 13, and FIG. 20B shows a corner portion existing in the opening 13b of the processing jig 13. An example in which the R (curved) portion 13b1 is formed, and FIG. 20C shows an example in which the corner dropping portion 13b2 is formed at the corner portion present in the opening 13b of the processing jig 13 .

Producing how the metal parts of the present invention is not intended to be limited to the methods and configurations described in the Examples and various modifications are possible within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 15 ... Metal component, 11 ... Metal material to be processed, 12 ... Processing stand, 13 ... Processing jig, 12a ... Recessed part, 13b ... Opening.

Claims (1)

A first processing jig having an opening with a predetermined depth and shape and a second processing jig having a recess with a predetermined depth and shape are guided through the opening and the recess with a metal material to be processed. by pressing opposing rotating at least one of said first jig and said second jig Te step, said first reduce the deformation resistance of the workpiece metal material with frictional heat generated by the rotating in the method for manufacturing a metal part having a step of plastic flow into the whole the recess of the total in the opening of the jig and the second jig,
The opening of the first processing jig and the concave portion of the second processing jig are arranged so as to be in contact with both surfaces in the pressing direction of the metal material to be processed,
The processed metal material, said first sum and equal Shii volume of the volume of the recess of the volume and the second processing tool of the opening of the processing jig is plastic flow, the first machining jig The first member that plastically flows into the opening of the tool and the second member that plastically flows into the recess of the second processing jig are separated from the workpiece metal material other than the opening and the recess, so that the metal part is A method of manufacturing a metal part, characterized by being formed .

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